橡胶简述

烟片胶(Smoked Sheet)
经凝固、压片、烟熏等工艺制成的表面 带菱形花纹的棕色胶片。烟片胶综合性能好， 保存时间长，物理力学性能是NR中最好的， 可用于轮胎和一般橡胶制品。 The surface is made of the solidification process, tabletting, smoked and other film with brown diamond pattern. Smoked Sheet , with good overall performance, long storage time, physical and the best mechanical properties of NR, can be used for tires and general rubber products.
③活化剂(Activator)
用来提高促进剂的活性。
常用活化剂有氧化锌、氧化镁、硬酯酸等。 Accelerator can be enhanced by activator, ZnO, MgO, Stearic acid are the commonly used activator.
第一节 概述(outline)
第二节 天然橡胶(NR)
皱片胶(Wrinkled piece of plastic)
制备方法与烟片胶相似，只是干 燥时用热空气而不是烟熏。 Its preparation is similar to smoked sheet , but with hot air instead of smoke when drying .
④ 填充剂(Fillers)
提高橡胶强度、改善工艺性能和降低成本。 Fillers can enhance the strength of rubber, improve the process performance and cut costs.
⑤ 增塑剂(Plasticizers)
增加橡胶的塑性和柔韧性。 Plasticizers can increase plasticity and flexibility
第二节 天然橡胶(NR) 天然橡胶的性能(The property of NR)
具有良好的弹性，伸长率最大可达1000%； NR has good elasticity, elongation up to 1000%. 强度较高，天然橡胶是一种结晶性橡胶，在外力作用下拉伸时可产生结 晶，具有自补强作用； NR, with high strength, is a crystalline natural rubber, crystallization that make the rubber have the self-reinforcing effectcan be produced by stretching in the external force. 良好的耐屈挠疲劳性能，滞后损失小，良好的气密性、防水性、电绝 缘性和隔热性； NR has good resistance to flex fatigue properties, the hysteresis loss, good air tightness, water resistance, electrical insulation and heat insulation. 加工性能好，容易进行塑炼、混炼、压延、压出等； NR, with good processing performance, has easily masticated, mixing, rolling, extrusion, etc.. 缺点：耐油性、耐老化性差； Disadvantages: NR has poor oil resistance and aging resistance.
of the rubber.
第一节 概述(outline) 橡胶的结构与性能(the structure and performance of rubber)
橡胶的结构(the structure)
作为橡胶材料使用的聚合物，在结构上应符合以下要求，才能充分表 现橡胶的高弹性能。
①大分子链具有足够的柔顺性，玻璃化温度应比室温低得多。只有在Tg以上 ，聚合物才能表现出高弹性，所以橡胶材料的使用温度范围在Tg与熔融温度 之间。 Only above Tg, the polymer can exhibit high elasticity, so the temperature should be between the Tg and the melting temperature. ②在使用条件下不结晶或结晶度很小。聚乙烯、聚甲醛等，在室温下容易结 晶，故不宜做橡胶材料。 Polyethylene, POM etc., easily crystallized at room temperature, do not suitable as the rubber material. ③大分子链上应存在可供交联的位置，形成网络结构。
第一节 概述(outline)

配合剂（ Rubber compounding ingredients ）
使生胶结构由线型转变为交联体型结构。
① 硫化剂(Vulcanizing agent)
the linear structure of the raw rubber is turned into the crosslinked body with the effect of vulcanizing agent .
（2）天然橡胶的结构(Structure of natural rubber)
CH3 C CH2 C CH2 n H
主要成分橡胶烃是顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯的 线性高聚物。 The main component of the rubber hydrocarbon is cis 1,4 - polyisoprene linear polymers.
①弹性和强度(Elasticity and strength)
弹性和强度是橡胶的主要性能指标。线型大分子链的规整性越好 ，含的侧基越少，链 的柔顺性越好，橡胶的弹性越好。分子量越高， 橡胶的弹性和强度越大。
Elasticity and strength are the main performance indicators of rubber. Linear macromolecular chain more regularly, the lesscontaining side groups, the chain flexibility better, rubber elasticity better. The higher the molecular weight, the greater the flexibility and strength of the rubber.
production has exceeded the sum of production
of the wrinkled piece of plastic and smoked sheet .
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第二节 天然橡胶(NR) 天然橡胶的组成与结构(The component and structure of NR) （1）天然橡胶的成分(Component of natural rubber)
常用硫化剂有硫磺和含硫化合物，有机过氧化物，胺类 化合物、树脂类化合物、金属氧化物等。
The common use vulcanizing agents include S and Sulfur compounds, such as organic peroxides, amine compounds, resin compounds, metal oxides etc..
聚氨酯橡胶（PU）
……
第一节 概述(outline) 橡胶的组分(the components of rubber) 橡胶是以生胶为主要成分，添加各种配合剂和增强剂制成 的。
The rubber is composed by the raw rubber as the main ingredient and Various additives.
主要成分(main component)：橡胶烃。(Rubber hydrocarbon) 非橡胶成分(Non-rubber components): 5~8%，如蛋白质、丙酮抽出物、 灰分、水分等。 5~8%，such as Protein, acetone extract, ash, moisture, etc..
颗粒胶（标准胶）(Pimpled rubber)
将压皱的胶片经造粒机制成小颗粒，经空 气干燥而成。其产量已超过烟胶片、皱片胶产 量的总和。 The film will be crushed into small particles by granulation machine, air-drying. Its
第二节 天然橡胶(NR) 天然橡胶（Natural rubber）
至今NR的消耗量仍约占橡胶总消耗量的40%
So far, the consumption of NR has remained about 40% of the total rubber consumption.
第二节 天然橡胶(NR)
The Rubber
• 概述(outline) • 天然橡胶(Natural rubber) • 通用合成橡胶(Common synthetic rubber) • 特种合成橡胶(Special synthetic rubber) • 热塑性弹性体(Thermoplastic elastomer)
第一节 概述(outline)
②耐热性性(Heat resistance) 橡胶的耐热性主要取决于主链上化学键的键能。橡胶中的弱键能引 发降解，对耐热性影响很大。 Heat resistance of rubber depends on the bond energy of the main chain bond. The weak bond of rubber can initiate degradation, there could be a large influence on the heat resistance. ③耐寒性 当温度低于玻璃化温度（Tg）时，或者由于结晶，橡胶将失去弹性。 因此，降低其Tg或者避免结晶，可以提高橡胶材料的耐寒性。 When the temperature is below the glass transition temperature (Tg), or when due to the crystallization, rubber will lose the elasticity. Therefore, to reduce the Tg or avoid crystallization can improve cold resistance of the rubber material.
生 胶(Raw rubber)
指无配合剂、未经硫化的橡胶。按原料来源有天然橡胶和 合成橡胶。 Raw rubber is that without additives and Unvulcanized, it includes natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
第一节 概述(outline)
②硫化促进剂(Vulcanization accelerator)Baidu Nhomakorabea
缩短硫化时间，降低硫化温度，改善橡胶性能。 常用促进剂有二硫化氨基甲酸盐、黄原酸盐类、噻唑类 等有机物。 That could reduce the vulcanization time, reduce the vulcanization temperature and improve the property of rubber. there is some common accelerator, such as carbamate disulfide, xanthates, thiazoles and other organic.
第一节 概述(outline) 橡胶的分类 (The classification of rubber)
丁苯橡胶（SBR） 天然橡胶(NR)
顺丁橡胶（BR）
通用合成橡胶 氯丁橡胶（CR） 乙丙橡胶（EPDM）
按来源和 用途分
合成 橡胶
丁腈橡胶（NBR） 硅橡胶（SiR） 特种合成橡胶 氟橡胶（FPM）
Positions are available on the crosslinked macromolecular chains to form a network structure.
第一节 概述(outline) 橡胶的结构与性能(the structure and performance of rubber)