初中被动语态语法讲解

初中被动语态语法讲解

(一)语态分类

英语动词有两种语态.，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动)

A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：

助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。

(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化

主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give为例，列表如下：

大凡现在时：am / is / are + done

大凡过去时：was / were + done

大凡将来时：shall / will + be done

大凡过去将来时：should / would + be done

现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done

过去进行时：was / were + being + done

现在完成时：have / has + been + done

过去完成时：had + been + done

［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

(三)多见的八种时态中的被动语态

1.大凡现在时：

(1)People grow rice in the south of the country.

Rice is grown in the south of the country.

(2)The school doesn“t allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.

2.大凡过去时：

(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.

The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.

(2)The students didn“t forget his lessons easily.

His lessons were not easily forgotten

3.大凡将来时：

(1)They will send cars abroad by sea.

Cars will be sent abroad by sea.

(2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.

Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.

4.过去将来时：

(1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.

The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.(2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.

The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.

5.现在进行时：

(1)The radio is broadcasting English lessons.

English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio.

(2) We are painting the rooms.

The rooms are being painted.

6.过去进行时：

(1)The workers were mending the road.

The road was being mended.

(2)This time last year we were planting trees here.

Trees were being planted here this time last year.

1

7.现在完成时：

(1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off.

I have been told the sports meeting might be put off.

(2)He has brought his book here.

His book has been brought here.

8.过去完成时：

(1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets.

When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.

(2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered

him to be a great leader.

He had been considered to be a great leader

(四）含有情态动词的被动语态：