lecture 6 长句的翻译电子版本
翻译Lecture 2-6
Lecture 24.增词英译汉增词：词汇性增词和逻辑性增词∙原文省略的词Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。
∙必要的连续词Heated, water will change into vapor.水如受热，就会气化（蒸发）。
∙复数概念The mountains began to show their long blue shadows over the valley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蓝色长影。
∙抽象概念增词This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electronic computers.这种甚低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。
∙逻辑性增词According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil. 根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸的表层土壤。
Exercise1.We were lucky enough to be alive after the accident. We would n’t have thechance to sit here and reflect on the night’真是很幸运，在那次事故之后我们还活着，否则，我们不可能有机会坐在这里回想那天晚上的事。
2.The oak is a symbol of strength, the lion of courage, the lamb of weakness.橡树是力量的象征，狮子是勇敢的象征，而羔羊是软弱的象征。
3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人敏捷，写作使人准确。
全新版大学英语综合教程 6课文翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程 6课文翻译.本大纲将涵盖《全新版大学英语综合教程6》中的课文翻译内容，为读者提供一个整体的概览。
这个部分将逐一介绍《全新版大学英语综合教程 6》的各个课文，并提供它们的翻译内容。
以下是该教程的课文翻译内容：这个部分将逐一介绍《全新版大学英语综合教程 6》的各个课文，并提供它们的翻译内容。
以下是该教程的课文翻译内容：课文1标题 (Text 1 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 1)课文1标题(Text 1 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 1)课文1标题 (Text 1 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 1)课文1标题 (Text 1 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 1) 课文2标题 (Text 2 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 2)课文2标题(Text 2 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 2)课文2标题 (Text 2 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 2)课文2标题 (Text 2 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 2) 课文3标题 (Text 3 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 3)课文3标题(Text 3 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 3)课文3标题 (Text 3 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 3)课文3标题 (Text 3 Title)翻译内容 (n of Text 3) 研究目标研究目标研究目标研究目标本课程的研究目标旨在帮助读者了解他们将在研究过程中获得的收益和知识。
通过研究本课程，读者将能够：本课程的研究目标旨在帮助读者了解他们将在研究过程中获得的收益和知识。
通过研究本课程，读者将能够：提升英语综合能力，包括听、说、读、写和翻译。
培养跨文化交际的能力，拓宽国际视野。
掌握批判性思维和问题解决的能力，拓展认知能力。
研究和运用相关词汇、语法、句型和语用表达，提升语言运用能力。
翻译lecture six
会谈笑风生，问题是要碰到她们高兴的时候；她们 也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于她们是否乐意 这样做；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大
• The fan，with its modern，elegant，bright，and harmoniously colored design，is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days．
• 老人说，“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
他过去d never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.
以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为 我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但 这次情况确是如此 。
• 3The magistrates are free to burn down houses while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps． (One man may steal a horse while another may not look over the hedge．) • 4上班，做家务，交朋友，(这些)占用了我的全部时间。
After-class assignment
1. 这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 2. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修 改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。 3 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 4．My work，my family，my friend are more than enough to fill my time． 5．To err is human，to forgive divine．
全新版大学英语综合教程6课文翻译
全新版大学英语综合教程6课文翻译Unit 1: Globalization and CultureText 1: Globalization Versus AuthenticityIn today's globalized world, there is a constant clash between globalization and the preservation of authenticity. Globalization brings about changes in culture, language, and societies, blurring the boundaries between nations. This has both positive and negative impacts.On one hand, globalization allows for the exchange of ideas, cultures, and experiences, leading to a more interconnected and diverse world. People have the opportunity to learn about different customs and traditions, fostering cultural understanding. It also promotes economic growth and development by facilitating international trade and investments.On the other hand, globalization may lead to the loss of cultural distinctiveness and authenticity. As cultures mix and integrate, traditional practices and languages may fade away, replaced by dominant global trends. This can result in the homogenization of cultures, where local traditions lose their unique identity.In recent years, there has been a growing movement towards preserving authenticity in the face of globalization. People are increasingly valuing their heritage and seeking ways to maintain their cultural identity. This includes promoting local art, cuisine, and traditions, as well as protecting indigenous languages and historical sites.While globalization can bring many benefits, it is important to strike a balance and ensure the preservation of authenticity. Embracing diversity and understanding different cultures while also valuing one's own heritage can create a more harmonious and culturally rich world.。
lecture 6 汉英句式翻译
III. 存现句的翻译
• 存现句1.存现句含义 • 存现句，指的是说明某处或某时有某人物存在、出 现、消失的句子。 • 如： • ①河里漂着两只船。（存在） • ②前面来了两个客人。（出现） • ③昨天走了两个陌生人。 （消失）
• •
• • •
• 1. 有+名词+附加语（v., adj., phase etc. ） 1）译为英语存现句： 有人敲门。-There is someone knocking./ Some one is at the door. 有趟列车六点出发。-There is a train due to leave at six. 可能已有些疑点出现在他的案子中。 There could be a few doubts/suspicion in his case.
I. 主谓谓语句(sentence with a subject-predicate phrase as predicate)的翻译
(Topic-prominent structure VS Subject-prominent structure)
• 1) 大小主语是总体和部分的关系：大主语译成 定语，小主语改为句子主语 • (1) 我国的国民经济，工业和农业都是基础。 • Both industry and agriculture are the foundation of national economy in our country. • (2) 总共五个人，三个病了干不了活。 • Three of five persons in all are not able to work because of illness. • (3) 敌人活着的，全都缴械投降。 • All of the still living enemy surrendered their arms. (laid down their arms and surrendered.)
lecture6译文（1）
lecture6译文（1）WuxiWuxi is a small city in Jiangsu Province of the South, situated between Nanjing and Shanghai. As early as 6,000 years ago, there had been a primitive tribe settled here. Today' s Wuxi began to be built in the second century B.C. At that time tin ore was excavated from Xishan southwest of the city. After the discovery of tin, people started to call this place"Youxi". As time passed by, the tin mine ran out and "Youxi" was changed to "Wuxi". Wuxi is a small city in South China' s Jiangsu Province, located mid-way between Nanjing and Shanghai. Established as early as 6,000 years ago by a primitive clan tribe, the present city was first built in the second century B.C. when tin was mined from a hill in the southwest named Xishan. After tin was discovered there, the place began to be called Youxi, literally "has tin", and with the passage of time, the tin was mined out and the name was changed to Wuxi, meaning "no tin".Wuxi faces the Taihu Lake in the south and leans against the Huishan Mountain in the west, both of which are the major local scenic spots. Besides, the old Jing-Hang Grand Canal and the Jing-Hu Railway pass through here. Wuxi is bordered by Taihu Lake on the south, and Huishan Hill in the west. They are the major scenic spots there. In addition, the ancient Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou was dug to run through the city, as was the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.As one of the five large freshwater lakes in China, the T aihu Lake has a water area of 36,000 square hectares, with about 100 small islands and 72 mountain peaks along its shore. Several thousand years ago, here used to be a shallow water bend. Lateron the Changjiang Delta gradually expanded and connected with the dikes and dams in the gulf, thus forming an interior lake and turning the original isles into mountain peaks. With its misty water, the Taihu Lake is surrounded by grotesque peaks. This nature-made scenery of lakes and mountains is so beautiful that one simply cannot take them all in. The Taihu Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Covering a water area of 36,000 hectares, it has scores of islets and 72 peaks along its banks. Thousands of years ago, the lake was a shallow bay. Later the gradually expanding Yangtse Delta linked with the dykes in the bay and turned it into an inland lake and the original islets into the peaks along the water. The mist-covered surface of the water and surrounding peaks make Taihu a splendid natural landscape of mountains and lakes.The part of the Grand Canal in Wuxi is 40 kilometres long, of which 14.6 kilometres is in the urban area. With a history of over 2,400 years, this green chain of water is still running merrily, with many places of historic interest and scenic beauty along its bank. The cutting of this canal dated back to the 5th century B.C. and its full length is 1,794 kilometres. Like the 10-thousand-li Great Wall, it is also the symbol of China's ancient civilization. The Wuxi section of the Grand Canal is 40 kilometres long, with 14.6 kilometres in the city area. With a history of more than 2,400 years, this green belt of water still flows pleasantly with many scenic spots and historical sites on both banks. The Grand Canal was first dug in the 5th century B.C. and is 1,794 kilometres. Like the Great Wall, this project is a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization.The Canal is both narrow and deep in Wuxi, and along the two banks there are rows of old-style dwelling houses with greentiles and white walls. The canal at Wuxi is narrow and deep, and row upon row of old residential buildings with white walls and black tiles stand along both sides.Every year there are many tourist activities in Wuxi and from 8th to 14th this October, there will be a "Wuxi Taihu International Fishing Competition, "which can be entered for by both individuals and groups, professionals and amateurs. Wuxi arranges many tourist programmes each year and during the coming October 8--14, there is a"Wuxi Taihu International Angling T ournament". Catering to both professionals and amateurs, the contest can either be entered in group or singles.译文二WuxiWuxi is a small city in South China' s Jiangsu Province, located mid-way between Nanjing and Shanghai. Established as early as 6,000 years ago by a primitive clan tribe, the present city was first built in the second century B.C. when tin was mined from a hill in the southwest named Xishan. After tin was discovered there, the place began to be called Youxi, literally "has tin", and with the passage of time, the tin was mined out and the name was changed to Wuxi, meaning"no tin".Wuxi is bordered by Taihu Lake on the south, and Huishan Hill in the west. They are the major scenic spots there. In addition, the ancient Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou was dug to run through the city, as was the Beijing-Shanghai Railway.The Taihu Lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. Covering a water area of 36,000 hectares, it has scores of islets and 72 peaks along its banks. Thousands of years ago, the lake was a shallow bay. Later the gradually expanding Yangtse Delta linked with the dykes in the bay and turned it into an inlandlake and the original islets into the peaks along the water. The mist-covered surface of the water and surrounding peaks make Taihu a splendid natural landscape of mountains and lakes.The Wuxi section of the Grand Canal is 40 kilometres long, with 14.6 kilometres in the city area. With a history of more than 2,400 years, this green belt of water still flows pleasantly with many scenic spots and historical sites on both banks. The Grand Canal was first dug in the 5th century B.C. and is 1,794 kilometres. Like the Great Wall, this project is a symbol of ancient Chinese civilization.The canal at Wuxi is narrow and deep, and row upon row of old residential buildings with white walls and black tiles stand along both sides.Wuxi arranges many tourist programmes each year and during the coming October 8--14, there is a"Wuxi Taihu International Angling Tournament". Catering to both professionals and amateurs, the contest can either be entered in group or singles.第六讲主语的确定汉语：意合语言，重意念，轻形式英语：行合语言，重形式，讲逻辑如何确立主语？一、补充主语汉语句子中主语旺旺不突出，很多句子为无主句。
全新版大学英语综合教程6课后翻译
Unit 1 在得到加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的研究生奖学金后，玛丽对人类行为各个方面的研究的兴趣变得更加浓厚起来。
Having been granted a fellowship at the University of California at Berkeley, Mary’s interest in research on all dimensions of human behavior has come alive. 她渴望尽早完成计划中的各项试验。
She is now itching to carry out the various experiments she has planned as soon as possible. 目前，她特别想搞清楚优雅的举止在商业谈判中具有何种举足轻重的分量。
At present she is particularly keen on finding out how important a role graceful manner can play in business negotiations. 她希望她的研究结果能够通过媒体广为流传，以便从事商业谈判的人们能够从她的研究中受益。
She dreams that her findings will be circulated widely through the help of the media so that people engaged in business negotiations will benefit from them. Unit3 At a recent art exhibition ,i bought a sketch of an old peasant done by Wang Jie ,astudentfrom the outskirts of ChenDu. When i showed it to my friend,they would like to meet the youngartist. So i invited Wang Jie to my home. Wang Jie was shy but after a couple of beers,he begain toopen up and came out with something that he had not let on to others:the old peasant in the pictureis his father in fact. He said his father thought that he had lost his mind when he wanted to sketchhim doing farm work. “but to me ,”said Wang Jie,”this picture testifies my love for my father.”Unit7 玛亚是一位职业赛车手。
lecture 6 长句的翻译
2) In any case, when jeans were ready for a risorgimento in the 1960s, they already carried an enormous mythic significance. To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jean symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to survive…
4)They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty. 对于以往的几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一 种用以摆脱贫困的手段,而技术的进步则摧毁了 穷人赖以为生的体力劳动。因此，首先体验到 技术进步之害的是穷人。
当代科学的一切成就不仅提供了能够承受高 温高压的材料，而且也提供了新的工艺流程 。依靠这些成就，我们相信完全可以制造出 这样的卫星。
6) The great difficulty of introducing radically new computer architectures which requires customers to rewrite most of their software excluded the possibility for these techniques to find their way to the commercial marketplace. 全新的计算机体系结构要求用户改写其大部分软件 ，因此难以付诸实施，从而使得这些技术不可能进 入商品市场（从而排除了这些技术进入商品市场的 可能性）。
新编英语教程6课文翻译
第二单元推迟的艺术"今天能做的事情决不要推到明天。
”切斯特菲尔德伯爵在1794年劝告儿子时说道，但是这位文雅的伯爵却从没有抽出时间来完成与孩子母亲的婚礼，也没有戒除让约翰逊博士此类名人在接待室久候的坏习惯，这足以证明，即使是有心人，也绝非毫无拖延，罗马的一位大将军昆塔斯费边马克西姆斯为了赢得尽可能多的喘息机会，推迟战斗时间，被冠以“拖延者”。
摩西为了使自己向法老传递耶和华法令过程中的犹豫合理化，颓唐语言有缺陷，当然，哈姆雷特把延迟上升为一种艺术形式。
世界上的人基本上可以分成均匀的两半：拖延者和马上行动者。
有些人二月份就准备好了个人所得税，预先偿还抵押借款，在常人难以忍受的6点半钟准时吃饭，而另外一些人则乐于在9点或10点钟时吃些剩菜剩饭，错放帐单和文件以期延长缴税的期限。
他们非要等到警告声变成恐吓声才肯去支付信用卡的帐单。
就象浮士德所遭遇的那样，他们推迟去理发店，看牙医或医生。
尽管延误会带来诸多不便，但延迟经常可以激发和唤醒具有创新意识的灵魂。
写下许多成功小说和剧本的作家琼克尔说到，她要把厨房每个汤罐头和酱瓶子上的标签看上一遍后，才能安心坐在打字机旁。
许多作家都关注着他们任务之外的大小琐事，譬如关注在缅因州法国人海湾和巴尔海港进行的海岸和土地测量，其中的地名，如古今斯暗礁、不伦特池塘、海鸥小山、伯恩特豪猪、朗豪猪、希波豪猪以及鲍尔德豪猪岛，都激起了他们的想象。
从“拖延者”年代到当今世纪，推迟的艺术实际上被军事（“赶快和等一下”）、外交和法律垄断了。
在过去的年代里，英国殖民地总督可以手中拿着杯酒，安逸的思考民族叛乱的形势，他应该庆幸没有电传和打印机在一旁喋喋不休地传递着命令，一会儿是增加机关枪啊一会儿又是增派军队啊。
直到二战时，美国将军还可以和敌方将军达成协议，休一天运动假，去掠夺村民的鸡和酒，明日再战。
律师是世界上最上瘾的延误者。
据一个来自贝弗利山的，号称从不拖延的推销员弗兰克.内森叙说，“没有留下遗嘱就去世的律师数不胜数。
新编英语教程6练习册句子翻译（高英6）
高英翻译Unit21. 富兰克林在他的《自传》里力劝读者要勤俭。
Franklin Franklin exhorted exhortedexhorted readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. readers to be diligent and thrifty in his Autobiography. 2. 谁能证实这签名无讹？Who can Who can attest to attest toattest to the genuineness of the signature? the genuineness of the signature? 3. 人们给他起了“小家伙”的绰号，因为就他年龄而已，他上看去长得很小。
He is He is dubbed dubbed“Tiny ” because he looks so small for his age. 4. 他仕途为自己拒绝这一劝告辩解。
He tried to He tried to rationalize rationalizerationalize his refusal to take the advice. his refusal to take the advice. 5. 他的一番话引起了我们的不满。
His words His words incurred incurredincurred our displeasure. our displeasure. 6. 要我们在这么短的时间内完成这一工作几乎是不可能的It is It is virtually virtuallyvirtually impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time. impossible for us to finish the work within such a short time. 7. 他反复思考这个手术可能产生的后果。
长句的翻译(英译汉)
大学存在的意义和目的不外乎使作为主修某专业的 你们以及作为人的你们能接触到你们的思想需要接 纳的人类思想。这样说的时候，我坚信自己道出了 人文学院全体教师以及专业学院全体教师的心声。
Homework
1、While field visits are complex，time-consuming and relatively costly, they make it much easier to identify inequities in levels of financing and performance across a country and to showcase good local practice.
两代人（即年轻人和老年人）之间的冲突似 乎是所有冲突中最愚蠢的。这样的冲突不过 是现在的自己和将来的自己的冲突或过去的 自己和现在的自己之间的冲突。
2、Anyone considering taking part in the transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in tune with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’ buildings.
Lecture 6 句法翻译1
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Try to translate the following sentences: 今天食堂吃饺子。
叉子吃不好吃筷子吧。
吃食堂味道不好。
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到底 “谁” 吃“谁”？！ 这种紊乱的施事（Agent Agent）与受事（Object Object）关系在 Agent Object 英语中简直是离经叛道，却在汉语里显得那么自然。 (今天食堂有 Jiaozi are served in the canteen today. ( 饺子吃) ) Eat with chopsticks if you can’t (do it well) with a fork. ( (用叉子吃不好就用筷子吃吧) ) The food served in the canteen doesn’t taste (在食堂吃的饭菜味道不好) good. ( ) 英语上述各句中的“吃”都隐含有逻辑主语（即施事 者）“人”，而原文句中的主语功能都变成了施事的 方式或场所。 2011-5-4 6 English College
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2).问遍千家成行家。 Learn from numerous advisers , and you will become a master．
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2.汉语的散点思维 2. 他有个女儿,在北京工作,已经打电话去了,听说明天就能回来。 , , , Version A ：His daughter works in Beijing has been called, His and she would come back tomorrow. B：He Version B He has a daughter, working in Peking, who we have given a call and we hear of that she will come back tomorrow. 汉语句子变换了主语，并将其省略。补出主语后句子是这样的： 他有个女儿，（她）在北京工作，（有人）已经打电话去了，（ 人们）听说（她）明天就能回来。 可以看出两例的译文基本没有摆脱原文形式的束缚，主语选择不 符合英语表达习惯。 It is heard of that his daughter who works in Beijing will come back tomorrow. 2011-5-4 16 English College
(完整版)英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answertounit1
Chinese Translation of Paragraphs1. 二战时，曼彻斯特饱受空袭之苦。
成长在那里，意味着岁月艰难、钱财短缺、心情焦虑，也意味着许多家庭都是当铺的常客，包括我家。
2. 不过，我的父母最是乐观向上。
他们用勤劳、自尊和满屋子的欢笑撑起了这个家。
我父亲身体结实，心灵手巧，他那双手几乎无所不能，从不缺木匠和手工活儿。
他甚至偶尔还会参加偏僻街道的拳击比赛，补贴家用。
我母亲勤俭节约，把家收拾得干净利落。
尽管条件艰苦，但她总能让自己的五个孩子吃得饱饱、穿得整整齐齐、干干净净地上学去。
3. 问题是：虽说我的衣服熨得有棱有角，皮鞋擦得铮亮铮亮的，可总有些地方不符合标准校服的要求。
尽管母亲缩衣节食为我筹到了大部分装束，但我仍然没能凑齐学校指定的蓝色运动上衣和帽圈。
4. 由于战争影响，开始实施配给制度，大部分学校也放宽了对正规校服的要求，因为学校明白能有衣服穿已属不易。
然而，我就读的女子学校却严格规定，每位学生必须穿正规的校服。
于是那位负责每天集合的副校长就将训斥我视为她的任务来做。
5. 尽管我试图去解释我为何没能按规定着装，尽管我也正逐渐向全套校服靠近，我每天依然会被揪出队列，在台上罚站，作为对违反校服规定者的警戒。
6. 我每天站在同学面前，只能强忍泪水，不仅羞愧难耐，而且常常只有我一人挨罚。
对我的惩罚还扩大到不能上体操课或者我钟爱的每周一次的交谊舞课。
我多么希望在这所可怕的学校里，哪怕只有一位老师能睁开双眼看看我能够做什么，而不是不停地告诉我不能做什么啊！7. 不过，12岁的我在心里也毫无选择，只有眼睁睁地挨受惩罚。
我明白不能让仁厚的母亲知道我所遭受的这种习惯性羞辱，这点非常重要。
我也不敢冒险让她到学校替我求情，因为我知道那些心胸狭隘、不讲情面的教员们也同样会令她难堪，这意味着到时我们母女俩都要伤心、愤怒。
老天！要是母亲再告诉父亲的话，他立马会大发雷霆，冲到学校来保护我。
8. 一天，我们全家在一家报纸举办的不收取费用的肖像模特摄影比赛中获了奖。
Lecture Six
换序译法
• It’s good you’re so considerate. • 你想得这样周到是很好的。（这是很好的 你想得这样周到）。（主语从句换序）
换序译法
• From the moment they set foot on the territory of their motherland, they were warmly received by their compatriots. • 从他们走上祖国土地的时刻起，他们就受 到同胞们热情接待。（从那个时刻他们走 上。。。）（定语从句换序）
断句译法
• 自己既不肯动，他倒希望虎姑娘快快进屋去，或 是命令他干点什么，简直受不了这样的折磨，一 种什么也不像而非常难过的折磨。（老舍：《骆 驼祥子》） • He didn’t feel like moving, but wished Tigress would hurry back inside, or else give him some orders. He simply couldn’t stand this strain, which was unlike anything he had ever known, and quite unbearable.
实用文体的翻译要求
• 快捷：翻译速度是委托人或者客户的要求 之一。没有速度就没有翻译任务。
•
Changes and developments in a science are determined by numerous causes. Every science grows from its past, and the state reached in a previous generation provides the starting point for the next. But no science is carried on in a vacuum, without reference to or contact with other sciences and the general atmosphere for learning. Scientists and men of learning are also men of their age and country, and they can’t live independent of the culture. Besides its own past, the course of science is also affected by the social context of its contemporary world and the intellectual premises in it. Applications of the science and the expectations that others have of it may be a very important determinant of the direction of its growth and changes.
Lecture Five
Lecture FiveLong Sentence (I)Main Contents Of This Lecture♦I. Two Stages and Six Steps in Translating Long Sentences♦II. Methods Of Translation English Long SentencesI.Two Stages and Six Steps in Translating Long Sentences♦Stage 1♦Comprehension♦Stage 2♦Presentation♦英语长句在翻译时所涉及的基本问题，一是汉英语序上的差异，二是汉英表达方法上的差异。
前者主要表现为定状修饰语在语言转换中究竟取前置式（pre-position）、后置式（post-position）抑或插入式(insertion or parenthesis)。
♦表达方法上的差异涉及的问题比较复杂，主要表现为论理逻辑或叙述逻辑（logic in reasoning and narration）的习惯性与倾向性，因为语言中没有一成不变的表达方法。
所谓论理逻辑或叙述逻辑，主要指：行文层次及主次（包括句子重心，先说原因还是先说结果，先说条件或前提还是先说结论，先说施事者还是先说受事者等等）。
♦表达此外，表达方法还涉及修辞学范畴中的一些修辞格问题（如反复、排比、递进等），翻译中都应加以注意。
♦英语长句之所以很长，一般由三个原因构成：♦A、修饰语多♦B、联合（并列）成分多♦C、结构复杂，层次叠出♦英语长句可以严密细致地表达多重而又密切相关的概念，这种复杂组合的概念在口语语体中毫无例外是以分切、并列、递进、重复等方式化整为零地表达出来的。
此外我们在翻译英语长句时，还应体会到长句的表意特点和交际功能，尽量做到既能从汉英差异出发处理好长句翻译在结构形式上的问题，又要尽力做到不忽视原文的文体特征，保留英语长句所表达的多重致密的思维的特色，不要使译句产生松散和脱节感，妥善处理译句的内在联接问题。
六级长句翻译
六级长句翻译（1）1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have beenexcused from wearing it.采集者退散5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
第6讲 长句的翻译 汉英翻译 教学课件
秋天来溪水清个透亮，活活的流，许多小虾子脚 攀着一根草，在浅水里游荡，有时又躬着身子一 弹，远远地弹去，好象很快乐。
With the coming of autumn, the water in the brook was crystal-clear, flowing very lively. Many small shrimps with their legs clinging to a weed, swam around in the shallows, or sometimes bounced to a distance with their backs arched, as if they were very happy.
lecture6
• Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe. • 火箭已经发现为宇宙探索的应用。 • 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
5
4 Types of Conversion
1. Conversion into Verbs 2. Conversion into nouns 3. Conversion into adjectives 4. Conversion into adverbs
19
• My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable.
• 我认为，一代人对下一代人常常抱怨，这一点是 在所难免的。 • One of the leading newspapers called for the severest punishment of all who had been concerned in the conspiracy. • 一家主要报纸要求严惩所有与该阴谋有关的人。 • We are looking forward to the early arrival of our guests. • 我们期待客人早日到来。
17
• Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws. • 其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州 都有自己的宪法和法律。 • He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people. • 他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。
lecture 6
在形容词前增加名词
4）This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。 5）A new kind of aircraft—small，cheap，pilotless—is attracting increasing attention. 一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意——这种飞机 体积不大，价钱便宜，无人驾驶。 6）He is a complicated man—moody，mercurial，with a melancholy streak. 他是一个性格复杂的人——喜怒无常，反复多变，有些 忧郁寡欢。
2)Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.
3) if so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand? 4) The best conductor has the least resistance and the poorest the greatest.
7. Adding Adj. & Adv.
根据意义上或修辞上的需要，有些英语句子中的名词， 译成汉语时，可以增加一些适当的形容词 。 1）With what an enthusiasm the Chinese people are developing our western side. 中国人民正在以多么高的热情开发西部啊！ 2）The plane twisted among mountains and valleys，trailing flame and smoke. 飞机在山谷里螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。
Practice
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这不是一场阶级之间的战争,而是一场不分种族、 不分信仰、不分党派、整个大英帝国及英联邦全 体成员国无不参加的战争。
——丘吉尔
2. 切分法 （cutting）
通过化整为零，将长句译成几个独立的短句， 但要注意保持语义的连贯。
1) The loads a structure is subjected to are divided into dead loads, which include the weights of all the parts of the structure, and live loads, which are due to the weights of people, movable equipment, etc.
一、长句翻译的步骤（process）
1.理解 （comprehension） (1) Find out the trunk through
condensing the whole sentence. (2) Be sure of the main and
subordinate clauses, modifiers and the elements they modify.
(6) Polish words and phrases, having every word carefully weighed in consideration of the style of the original.
二、 长句翻译技巧（techniques）
1. 包含 (embedding) 将定语前置，保留原有的长句“复杂”结构
1）The reason that a neutral body is attracted by a charged body is that, although the neutral body is neutral within itself, it is not neutral with respect to the charged body, and the two bodies act as if oppositely charged when brought near each other.
总之，当牛仔裤在六十年代将成为势不可挡 的风尚之时，具有一种神话般的巨大意义。 在六十年代的青年看来，军工联合企业的兴 盛，摧毁了美国的梦想，而牛仔裤则是回到 西部开拓时期那种淳朴友善的价值观念的象 征；那时，人人都能主宰自己的命运，并为 生存而风雨同舟……
3. 变序法（reversing)
译者可以打乱原句的语序，兼顾原文的逻辑 和汉语的表达习惯，层层展开，突出重点。
我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得 住在他家，吃他的，喝他的，一直等到下一班船 到来把我带到我要去的港口为止，一想到这儿， 我真有点不好意思了。
虽然中性物体本身是不带电的，但对于带电体来说，它 并非中性；当这两个物体彼此接近时，就会产生极 性相反的电荷的作用。这就是中性物体被带电体吸 引的原因。
2) I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take me to the port for which I was bound.
。汉语具有一定的弹性和包容性，所以并非 一概不能使用长句。但这种翻译技巧不宜多 用。
1) This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinctionty.
一个结构物承受的荷载分为静载与活载两类。静 载包括该结构物本部分的重量。活载则是由于 人及可移动设备等的重量而引起的荷载。
2) In any case, when jeans were ready for a risorgimento in the 1960s, they already carried an enormous mythic significance. To a generation that believed a massive military-industrial complex was brutalizing the American dream, jean symbolized a return to the friendlier, simpler values of the frontier, where each man had control over his own life, and where people cooperated to survive…
(3) Sort out the arrangement of ideas, judging the train of logical thinking.
（二）表达 (expression)
(4) Discriminate the meaning of words.
(5) Arrange the sentence in conformity with Chinese syntax.
lecture 6 长句的翻译
英语中后置定语、各种短语和复杂包孕结构 （complex embedding）较多，往往 形成长句结构，一句话可以表达多层意思； 汉语特点是短句多，多层意思往往通过多个 短句来表达。因此在英译汉时有必要采用拆 句译法。 使用长句结构是英语科技文章的
特点之一，掌握长句翻译技巧对科技翻译尤 为重要。