英国文学作家作品总结

一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

作品：

① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English

②特罗勒斯与克丽西德

③ 声誉之堂

④公爵夫人之书

⑤百鸟议会

二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616playwright,poet

评价comments：

Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature

莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.）

作品：

①Historical plays:Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜; 仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies:哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李尔王; 麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

三、Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626

Bacon’s quote

1、knowledge is power 知识就是力量。

2、Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot

last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age

a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持

的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。

3、Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning

by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much

at large, except they be bounded in by experience.天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。

4、Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在

朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。

评价

⏹the founder of English materialist philosophy.

⏹The founder of modern science in England.

⏹ a representative of the English renaissance.

⏹ a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist.

Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses.

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science.The first English essayist.马克思称他为“英国唯物主义及现代实验科学之父”

Writing style:

brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.

作品：

①学术的推进，总结了前人的一切知识，并进行归类。

②随笔

③新工具，阐述了归纳法

④新大西岛，是乌托邦性质的作品

十七世纪英国诗人

John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(17世纪玄学派诗人)

⏹English poet, preacher

⏹He was the most outstanding of the English Metaphysical Poets

作品：

⏹Songs and Sonnets 《歌与十四行诗》

The Flea 《跳蚤》

The Good-Morrow 《早安》

Break of Day《破晓》