2009北大考博英语模拟题(paraphrasing部分答桉讲解)
2009年北京大学博士入学考试英语试题
2009年北京大学博士入学考试英语试题一、听力（原2008英语专业四级听力原题和答案）TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2008)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT:135MINPART I DICTATION[15MIN]Listen to the following passage.Altogether the passage will be read to you four times.During the first reading,which will be done at normal speed,listen and try to understand the meaning.For the second and third readings,the passage will be read sentence by sentence,or phrase by phrase,with intervals of15seconds.The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.You will then be given2minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Choosing a CareerWhen students graduate from college,//many of them do not know how they want to spend their working lives.//And they sometimes move from job to job//until they find something that suits them,//and of equal importance to which they are suited.//Others never find a job in which they are really happy.//They remain all their lives square pegs in round holes.//When we choose our careers,we need to ask ourselves two questions.//First,what do we think we would like to be?// Second,what kind of people are we?//The idea,for example,of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive,//but unless we have great talent,and are willing to work very hard,//we are certain to fail in these occupations.//And failure will lead to unhappiness in life.//So it is important to assess our suitability for a certain career in job search.(152words)PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION[20MIN]In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations.Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions1to3are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation,you will be given15seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.1.When is Anne available for the meeting?A.The third week of May.B.The third week of June.C.The eleventh of June.D.The eleventh of May.2.Their meeting will probably take place inA.London.B.Toronto.C.Mexico City.D.Chicago.3.When is Eric calling back?A.Thursday afternoon.B.Friday afternoon.C.Thursday morning.D.Friday morning.Questions4to6are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation,you will be given15seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.4.According to the woman,advertisementsA.let us know the best product.B.give us sufficient information.C.fail to convince people.D.give misleading information.5.In the woman’s opinion,money spent on advertisements is paidA.by manufacturers.B.by customers.C.by advertisers.D.by all of them.6.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.The woman seems to be negative about advertising.B.The woman appears to know more about advertising.C.The man is to be present at a debate on advertising.D.The man has a lot to talk about on advertising.Questions7to10are based on the following conversation.At the end of the conversation,you will be given20seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.7.Mr Brown brought with him only a few things becauseA.there wasn’t enough space in the cupboard.B.the hospital would provide him with everything.C.he was to stay there for a very short time.D.visitors could bring him other things.8.According to the hospital rules,at which of the following hours can visitors see patients?A.2:00pm.B.5:00pm.C.7:00pm.D.6:00pm.9.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A.Patients have breakfast at8.B.Patients have lunch at12.C.There are special alcohol lounges.D.There are special smoking lounges.10.Which statement best describes Mr Brown?A.He knows little about hospital rules.B.He can keep alcohol in the ward.C.He knows when to smoke.D.He is used to hospital life.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section,you will hear several passages.Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions11to13are based on the following talk.At the end of the talk,you will be given15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.11.Meeting rooms of various sizes are needed forA.contacts with headquarters.B.relaxation and enjoyment.rmal talksD.different purposes.12.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of hotel facilities for guests?A.Restaurants.B.Cinemas.C.Swimming pools.D.Bars.13.A hotel for an international conference should have the following EXCEPTA.convenient transport services.petent office secretaries.C.good sports and restaurant facilities.D.suitable and comfortable rooms.Questions14to17are based on the following talk.At the end of the talk,you will be given20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.14.The museum aims mainly to displayA.the area’s technological development.B.the nation’s important historical events.C.the area’s agricultural and industrial development.D.the nation’s agricultural and industrial development.15.The following have been significant in the area’s prosperity EXCEPTA.the motorways.B.the Roman road.C.the canals.D.the railways.16.We know from the passage that some exhibitsA.are borrowed from workshops.B.are specially made for display.C.reflect the local culture and customs.D.try to reproduce the scene at that time.17.The passage probably comes fromA.a conversation on the museum.B.a museum tour guide.C.a museum booklet.D.a museum advertisement.Questions18to20are based on the following passage.At the end of the passage,you will be given 15seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the passage.18.According to the speaker,safety in dormitory means that youA.insure all your expensive things.B.lock doors when going out.C.lock windows at night.D.take all necessary precautions.19.What does the speaker suggest girls do when they are going to be out late?A.Call their friends.B.Stay with their friends.C.Avoid walking in streets.D.Always take a taxi.20.What is the speaker’s last advice?A.To take a few self-defense classes.B.To stick to well-lit streets at night.C.To avoid walking alone at night.D.To stay with their friends.SECTION C……………………（来自：/thread-5423-1-1.html）（答案：BDADD DACCA DBBCA CBDBA）完形填空原文（标出来的就是出提点）Three hundred years ago Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit made his first thermometer in his home town of Danzig(now Gdansk in Poland).The thermometer was filled with alcohol and completely sealed, but it was not much use without some sort of scale to measure the temperature.One story goes that,during the winter of1708-09,Fahrenheit took a measurement of0degrees as the coldest temperature outdoors—which would now read as minus17.8C.Five years later he used mercury instead of alcohol for his thermometers,and made a top reference point by measuring his own body temperature as90degrees.Soon afterwards he became a glassblower,which allowed him to make thinly blown glass tubes that could be marked up with more points on the scale and so increase accuracy.Eventually he took the lowest point of his temperature scale from a reading made in ice,water and salt,and a top point made from the boiling point of water.The scale was recalibrated using180 degrees between these two points and Fahrenheit was able to make much more accurate and more consistent measurements of temperature.But in1742a rival challenged the Fahrenheit scale and eventually superseded it.Anders Celsius,in Sweden,invented a scale of100degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water and gradually won over many countries.However,the British remained wedded to Fahrenheit until well into the20th century.改错原文（标出来的就是出提点）原文:Job Losses Pose a Threat to Stability Worldwide（原文来自NewYork Times:/2009/02/15/business/15global.html?_r=1）Worldwide job losses from the recession that started in the United States in December2007 could hit a staggering50million by the end of2009,according to the International Labor Organization,a United Nations agency.The slowdown has already claimed3.6million American jobs.High unemployment rates,especially among young workers,have led to protests in countries as varied as Latvia,Chile,Greece,Bulgaria and Iceland and contributed to strikes in Britain and France.Last month,the government of Iceland,whose economy is expected to contract10percent this year,collapsed and the prime minister moved up national elections after weeks of protests by Icelanders angered by soaring unemployment and rising prices.Just last week,the new United States director of national intelligence,Dennis C.Blair,told Congress that instability caused by the global economic crisis had become the biggest security threat facing the United States,outpacing terrorism."Nearly everybody has been caught by surprise at the speed in which unemployment is increasing,and are groping for a response,”said Nicolas Véron,a fellow at Bruegel,a research center in Brussels that focuses on Europe’s role in the global economy.In emerging economies like those in Eastern Europe,there are fears that growing joblessness might encourage a move away from free-market,pro-Western policies,while in developed countries unemployment could bolster efforts to protect local industries at the expense of global trade.Indeed,some European stimulus packages,as well as one passed Friday in the United States, include protections for domestic companies,increasing the likelihood of protectionist trade battles.Protectionist measures were an intense matter of discussion as finance ministers from the Group of7economies met this weekend in Rome.While the number of jobs in the United States has been falling since the end of2007,the pace of layoffs in Europe,Asia and the developing world has caught up only recently as companies that resisted deep cuts in the past follow the lead of their American counterparts.。
2009北大考博英语模拟题(structure and written expression 讲解2)
动词时态和时间短语词的辨析deprecate; implicate; depreciate; appreciate;amiable，amicable，arable, charitable, effable，stable，viable，contract，intact，enact, extract, subtractfail，frail，hail，jail，assail，curtail，detail，retail，prevailfaint，saint，taintbangle, strangle，wrangle，dangle，mangle，tangle，untangle，decant，scant，dormant，mordant，giant，benignant，indignant，pregnant，stagnant，parable，parallel，paramount，parade，disparage，discourage, rage, enragecomparable，comparative，compatible, compunctious, competitiveseparate，disparate, , desperate,segregate, aggregateparalysis，paraphrase, parallel, paramount, parameterabate，abdicate，advocate，allocate，debate, dedicate，delicate，indicate，intricate，intoxicate，，vindicatedaunt，gaunt，haunt，flaunt，taunt，vauntaccede，concede，recede，precede，exceed，proceed，succeedaccent，innocent，scent，ascent，descent，decent，accept，concept，except，incept，intercept，percept，precept，concern，discern，circuitous，circular，circulate，circumscribe，circumspect ，circumventconcise，incise，incisor，precise，acclaim，declaim，disclaim，exclaim，proclaim，reclaim，counterfeit，counterpart，counteract，cry，mimicry，outcry，decry，incur，concur，curb，curd，curt，cursory，meddle，middle，muddle，saddle，accident，incident，ardent，evident，indent，Occident，pendent，prudent，rodent，addict，contradict，indict，interdict，predict，verdict，adduce，conduce，induce，reduce，seduce，traduce，abduct，aqueduct，conduct，deduct，induct，bear，forbear，overbear，shear，nuclear，smear，rear，swearcease，decease，disease，lease，release，appease，crease，tease，grease，heave，upheaval，cleave，reave，bereave，weave，career，queer，eery，jeer，fleer，sneer，peer，pioneer，sheer，steer，veer，volunteer，deign，reign，feign，foreign，congenial，genial，menial，merge，emerge，immerge，submerge，verge，converge，diverge，access，excess，process，confess，profess，bless，mess，address，redress，aggress，congress，digress，regress，progress，compress，depress，empress，express，impress，oppress，repress，suppress，stress，assess，obsess，possess，affluence，confluence，influence，affluent，confluent，influent，haggle，smuggle，struggle，aught, fraught，haughty，naught, naughty，slaughter，field，shield，yield，wield，abolish，admonish，anguish，blemish, banish, cherish，demolish，embellish，extinguish，flourish ，furbish，furnish，garnish，lavish，ravish，languish，nourish，relinquish，replenish，polish，punish，sluggish，tarnish ，vanish，varnish，vanquish，rubbish，snobbish，altitude ，latitude ，longitude，aptitude，inaptitude，attitude，decrepitude，fortitude，gratitude，magnitude，multitude，plentitude，solicitude，solitude，abject，eject，deject，reject，project，collapse，elapse, lapse, relapse，elicit，implicit，explicit，solicit，illicit，blight，delight，enlighten，highlight，plight，slight，flighty，allow，fallow，follow，hallow，shallow，wallow，allude，conclude，exclude，include，preclude，prelude，seclude，collude，elude，delude，interlude，postlude，amber，chamber，cumber，cucumber，encumber，lumber，slumber，plumber，admit，permit，commit，emit，remit，hermit，limit，delimit，manumit，omit，submit，summit，transmit，acrimony，ceremony，harmony，matrimony，parsimony，sanctimony，testimony，hibernate，innate，ornate，terminate，foil，coil，recoil，uncoil，moil，turmoil，riot，roil，broil，embroil，assoil，spoil，despoil，impact，compact，appeal，repeal，compel，dispel，expel，impel，propel，repel，expulse，impulse，repulse，quite，equitable，antiquity，ubiquity，inequity，average，beverage，disparage，forage，mirage，courage, discourage,errant，grant，immigrant，emigrant，tolerant，tyrant，arrive，contrive，derive，drive，strive，thrive，arrow，brow，burrow，crow，sorrow，。
北大考博英文模拟
北京大学博士研究生人学考试英语模拟试题一Part One Listening Comprehension(20% ) (略)Part Two Structure and Written Expression (20 % )Direction: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.21. On the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to to the school rules.A. concedeB. conformC. complyD. confront22. Once the __ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.A. principleB. principalC. potentialD. primitive23. If you want to go to the concert, you'll have to make a , or there will be no tickets.A. reservationB. punctualityC. complimentD. clarity24. I arrive at nine o'clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal; that is my morning__.A. habitB. customC. practiceD. routine25. David __ his company's success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.A. attributedB. contributedC. acknowledgedD. pledged26. You've been talking with David all evening when you ought to be __ with other guests.A. blendingB. integratingC. minglingD. incorporating27. I asked my mother if I could go out, and she __A. descendedB. contentedC. consentedD. ascended28. The room is so with furniture that it is hard to move about.A. muddledB. clutteredC. distributedD. scattered29. Can't you speak more __ to your parents?A. respectablyB. respectinglyC. respectivelyD. respectfully30. Some __ good luck brought us nothing but trouble.A. seeminglyB. satisfactorilyC. uniformlyD. universally31. Sometimes children have trouble __ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.A. to separateB. separatingC. for separatingD. of separating32. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used ate for his lecture.A. to have studentsB. for students' beingC. for students to beD. to students' being33. It's no use __ me not to worry.A. you tellB. your tellingC. for you to have toldD. having told34. all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.A. AtB. InC. ForD. On35. The children prefer camping in the mountains __ an indoor activity.A. toB. thanC. forD. with36. __ of the burden of ice, the balloon climbed up and drifted to the South.A. To be freeB. To freeC. FreeingD. Freed37. .quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A. UntilB. BeforeC. FromD. Since38. __ enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in thisfield.A. GivingB. To giveC. GivenD. Being given39. Not only __ us light, but also it gives us heat.A. the sun givesB. the sun does giveC. gives the sunD. does the sun give40. __ the claim about German economic might, it is somewhat surprising how relatively small the German economy actually is.A. To giveB. GivenC. GivingD. Having given Part Three Reading ComprehensionI. Direction: Each of the passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET( 1 ). ( 10% )Text 1Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.While it's true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven't begun to specialize.Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells -- brain cells in Alzheimer's, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few if doctors could isolate stem ceils, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue.It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can't be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, re setting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what lan Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true "miracle cure".41. The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will .A. aggravate moral issues of human cloning.B. bring great benefits to human beings.C. help scientists decode body instructions.D. involve employing surgical instruments.42. The word "rejuvenated" (Para. 5) most probably means __A. modified.B. re-collected.C. classified.D. reactivated.43. The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show __A. the isolation of stem cells.B. the effects of gene therapies.C. the advantages of human cloning.D. the limitations of tissue replacements.44. Which of the following is tree according to the text?A. The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.B. The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.C. It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated.D. Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.Text 2What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modem man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because nationalmorale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because our is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth -- a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idem Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness -- in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.45. In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie inA. the non-existence of consensus on the forms of the society should take.B. the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life.C. the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity.D. the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline.46. The asocial personality of Americans may stem fromA. the absence of a common religion and ancestry.B. the multiracial constituents of the US society.C. the want of a shared myths they possess in life.D. the counterbalance to narcissistic personality.47. Homer's epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order toA. exemplify the contributions made by ancient poets.B. illustrate the role of shared fantasies about society.C. show an ideal stage of eternal social progress.D. make known myths of what a society ought to be.Text 3The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the US economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an early age. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century.Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the US Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 2001 and 2020. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase US economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement among baby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stock market on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report's recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greater healthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.48. According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U. S. economy is .A. constructive.B. significant.C. inconclusive.D. detrimental.49. The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may ___A. do harm to younger generations.B. end up with few or no benefits.C. give play to their potentials.D. shed light on social trends.50. The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that .A. there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future.B. baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output.C. government policies concerning older people are out-dated.D. alder workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits.Ⅱ. Read the following passage carefully and then paraphrase the numbered and underlined parts. (" Paraphrase" means "to explain the meaning in your own English".) ( 15% )GeniusThe greatest results in life are attained by simple means, and the exercise of ordinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and(51 )its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. (52) The road of human welfare lies along he old highway of stead fast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest spirit, will usually be the most successful.Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. (53) Those who look into practical life will find that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as he winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful -- such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance.Genius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. (54)The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort.(55) Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensifies. A distinguished teacher and resident of a college spoke of it as the power of making efforts. John Foster held it to be the power f lighting one's own fire. Buffon said of genius "it is patience".Part Four Cloze Test (10 % )Direction: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answer in the ANSWER SHEET.It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of every day perceptions, the bases (56) the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be (57) __ in our past experiences, which are brought into the present (58) __ memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep (59) available for later use. It includes not only "remembering" thing like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is (60) when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.Memory (61) _ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer(62) that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100, 000" words" ready for(63)__ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meanings of about 100, 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total(64) __ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intelligence of human beings.A large part of a person's memory is in terms of words and(65)__of words.56. A. of B. to C. for D. on57. A. kept B. found C. sought D. stored58. A. by B. from C. with . D. in59. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information60. A. called B. taken C: involved D. included61. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems62. A. to B. with C. against D. for63. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective64. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount65. A. combinations B. corrections C. coordinations D. collections Part Five Proofreading (10 % )Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and under-lined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/).Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2) ~ (66) begun beganeg. 2(67)Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (67) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (68) notPassage OneHow to Get Preserved as a Fossil(66) Unfortunately the changes of any animal become a fossil are not very great, and (67) the chances of a fossil then being discovered man,/thousand of years later are even less. (68) It is not surprising that all the millions of animals that have lived in the past, (69)we actually have fossils of only very few.(70) There are several ways into which animals and plants may become fossilized.(71)First, it is essential that the remains are buried, as though dead animals and plants are quickly destroyed.(72) If they remain exposed the air. Plants rot, while insects and hyenas eat the flesh and bones of animals. (73) Finally, the few remaining bones soon disintegrate the hot sun and pouring rain. If buried in suit able conditions, however, animal and plant remains will be preserved.(74)The same chemicals change sand and silt into hard rock will also enter the animal and plant remains and make them hard too. (75)When this happens, we say that they become fossilized. Part Six Writing (15 % )Directions:A. Study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 250 -300 words.B. Your essay should meet the requirements below:(1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning.(2) point out the problem and give your comments.C. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.参考答案与解析21．B concede意为“让步”；conform(to)意为“遵守”；comply(with)意为“遵从”；confront 意为“使面对，对抗”。
人大2009年考博英语阅读理解真题解析
人大２００９年考博英语阅读理解真题解析Planet Earth will do an electronic skin in the not-too-distance future.It will use the internet as a scaffold to transmit its sensations.This skin is being stitched together. It consists of millions of electronic measuring devices,such as thermostats,pollution detectors,cameras,EKGs.These will probe and monitor cities and endangered species,the atmosphere,and our ships,highway vehicles,and our bodies.For a decade or longer there will be no central nervous system to manage this vast signaling network.And there will be no central intelligence.But we believe that some qualities of self-awareness will emerge once the Net is sensually enhanced and emulated the complexity of the human brain.Sensuality is only one force pushing the Net toward intelligence.An eerie symbiosis of human and machine effort is also starting to evolve.The Internet creates a channel for thousands of programmers around the world to collaborate on software development and debugging.Through collaboration,this community can push past the technical barriers to machine intelligence.And though silicon networks today look nothing like the brain,nodes of the Net have begun to function as neuron.Researchers have already tackled complex computing problems, such as interpreting interstellar radio signals with about a million PCs working in concert. Before long,discrete microprocessors will probably be knitted together into ad hoc distributed computers.Don’t think of these as PC networks.The terminals would just as likely be cell phones of palm-like devices,each one far smarter than today’s heftiest desktops.We may think of this as a whole ecology,an information environment that’s massively connected.Humanity is now preparing to cast its net across the solar system.At a NASA laboratory in California,scientists are devising a version of the Internet called Inter Planet that will weave the moon,Mars,and some asteroids and comets into the earth’s expanding nervous system.Today’s communications between earth and unmanned probes are expensive,proprietary, and complex.With Inter Planet,we can simplify everything,cut costs,and engage the public more effectively.Then,the earth’s telemetric body will span the reaches of the solar system. The Net may not experience all the human thrills of exploration,but it will feel some tingles up and down its spine.育明考博全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八。
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析IntroductionThe 2009 National Medical Doctoral English Exam for Foreign Language aimed to assess the English language proficiency of medical doctorate candidates in China. This article presents the reference answers and analysis for the exam questions.Section 1: Reading Comprehension1. Passage 1: The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive FunctionReference Answer:The passage discusses the detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive function, including impaired memory, decreased attention span, and reduced problem-solving abilities.Analysis:The main idea of this passage is to emphasize the negative consequences of sleep deprivation on cognitive abilities. It provides evidence and examples to support this claim. The passage highlights the importance of getting sufficient sleep for optimal cognitive functioning.2. Passage 2: The Benefits of Sports for Physical and Mental HealthReference Answer:The passage elaborates on the various benefits of participating in sports, such as improved physical fitness, enhanced mental well-being, and increased social interaction.Analysis:The main objective of this passage is to emphasize the positive effects of sports on both physical and mental health. It provides examples and statistics to support these claims. The passage promotes the idea that engaging in sports activities can lead to a healthier and happier lifestyle.Section 2: Vocabulary and Grammar1. Vocabulary PartReference Answers:a) Synonymous Definition:1. d) analyze2. b) innovation3. c) numerous4. a) deteriorate5. c) implementb) Antonymous Definition:1. b) conserve2. c) enhance3. d) alleviate4. a) rigid5. b) impartial2. Grammar Part Reference Answers:a) Multiple-Choice:1. a) have been drinking2. b) will have arrived3. b) can be4. c) has been working5. c) had leftb) Cloze Test:1. a) to2. d) for3. b) in4. a) with5. c) aboutSection 3: Writing Reference Answer:The writing section required candidates to write an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology in healthcare.Analysis:Candidates were expected to present a well-structured essay discussing the positive and negative aspects of modern technology in the healthcare sector. The essay should have included an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. The writing should have been coherent, logical, and supported with appropriate examples and evidence.Conclusion:The 2009 National Medical Doctoral English Exam for Foreign Language aimed to evaluate the English language proficiency of medical doctorate candidates in China. This article provided the reference answers and analysis for the exam questions, including reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, as well as the writing section. By understanding these questions and their solutions, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their English language skills in the medical field.。
北京大学博士考试英语模拟试题
北京大学博士考试英语模拟试题It would mirror the fate ofathletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources--not least medical ones, like illegal steroids--are now invested to shave records bymilliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism--the "abolition" of death--would net be a solution but only an exacerbation.(33) To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen--a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories--but simply to face the growing reality ofmedical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals,(34) Hence medicine's finest hour becomes the dawn of its dilemmas For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic, From the Greeks to theGreat War, its job was simple to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and tomintage pain. It performed theseuncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission accomplished, medicine's triumphs are dissolving m disorientation, (35) Medicinehas led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they become unfulfillable. Thetask facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.Part Three: Cloze TestDirection: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage Put your answers in the ANSWERSHEET. (10%)For______(36) the bloodshed and tragedy of D-Day, the beaches of Normandy will always evoke a certain ______(37): a yearning for a time when nations inthe civilized world buried their differences and combinedto oppose absolute evil, when values seemed clearer and the retable consequences of war stopped______ (38) of the annihilation of humanity. But over half a century after the Allies hit those wave-battered sand flats and towering cliffs, the Normandyinvasion stands as a feat _______ (39) to be repeated.There will never be ____ (40) D-Day. Technology has changed the conditions of warfare in ways that none of the D-Day participants could have __(41), Ali-out war in the beginnings of this century would surely spell all-out _____ (42) for the belligerents, and possibly for the entire human race. No crediblescenario for a future world war would allow time for the massive buildup' of conventional forces that occurred in the 1940s. The moral equivalent of theNormandy invasion in the nuclear age would involve a presidential decision to put tens of millions of American lives at _____ (43). And the possible benefitsfor the allies would be uncertain at bestEuropean defense experts often ask whether the U.S.would be willing to "trade Pittsburgh for 'Dusseldorf.”In practice, the question may well be whetherit is worth ____ (44) American cities to avenge a Europe already _____ (45) to rubble.Part Four: ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether l0 mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part. of a sentence.You may have to change a word, add a word or just delete a word. lf you change a word, cross it out with a slash() and write the correct word. lf you add aword, write the missing word between the words (in bracket3) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (), Put your。
北京体育大学2009年考博英语真题(完整版)
20091、It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you （）me such an expensive present.A、didn’t need buyingB、needn’t buyC、needn’t have boughtD、hadn’t needed to buy2、The （）of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A、manifestationB、implementationC、expeditionD、demonstration3、He is holding （）a position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.A、subordinateB、succeedingC、successiveD、subsequent4、In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible （）and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.A、scalesB、ranksC、gradesD、patterns5、The government gave a very （）explanation of its plan for economic development.A、comprehensiveB、compoundC、considerableD、complacent6、In my opinion, you can widen the （）of these improvements through your active participation.A、dimensionB、volumeC、magnitudeD、scope7、No Tobacco Day is the day when the World Health Organization （）to people to stop using tobacco products.A、asksB、appliesC、appealsD、urges8、The dentist’s confident manner （）me that I was in safe hands.A、insuredB、assuredC、ensuredD、secured9、We prefer that the plan （）before being put into execution.A、be fully discussedB、must be fully discussedC、will be fully discussedD、is fully discussed10、The sound of footsteps on the bare floor （）the downstairs neighbors.A、disturbedB、interruptedC、annoyedD、irritated11、I asked him for a job （）the impression that he was the head of the firm, but he wasn’t.A、withB、underC、inD、of12、It’s no good （）remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.A、trying toB、try toC、to try toD、tried to13、The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents （）on sounding reasoning.A、more thanB、rather thanC、other thanD、better than14、To make the best and the most efficient use of your time and to achieve your goals, start each day by （）your agenda.A、holding onB、making outC、keeping onD、taking down15、Once the question is put, we know （）try to obtain the answer.A、to proceed in direction toB、where direction proceed toC、in which direction to proceed toD、which direction proceed toward16、During the opera’s most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra’s conductor seemed （）, without necessary relation to what had gone before.A、tediousB、melodiousC、capriciousD、moderation17、It is time the nations of the world （）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.A、would callB、callC、calledD、will call18、When the drops were placed in the patient’s eyes, his pupils became （）.A、dilatedB、smallerC、irritatedD、sensible19、To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals （）of great interest to zoologists.A、areB、beC、wereD、is20、Mr. Smith （）with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.A、will workB、will have workedC、will be workingD、will have been worked1、He is warm-hearted, but this doesn’t mean that he is bright. (follow)问题内容：2、The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully, (consideration)问题内容：3、The garden is too small for a swimming pool, (room)问题内容：4、Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble. (It’s asking)问题内容：5、The museum is closed this afternoon. (There is)问题内容：6、Don’t touch those wires in any circumstances. (Under)问题内容：7、The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.(enough)问题内容：8、I was finally able to convince him of its value. (I finally succeeded)问题内容：9、Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre, (appeal to)问题内容：10、Not all of the people like this movie. (popular)问题内容：1、An interesting theory in economics is （1） by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales （2）in the（3）market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He（4）to the Head Man and （5）that his company would like to （6）several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business （7）wouldbe （8）to the tribe. After some thoughts, the HeadMan （9）, but announced that the price per piece wouldbe （10）in such a （11）order than it would beif （12） a small order were placed. The representativewas （13）than a little shocked （14）the business sense of the Head Man, （15）insisted that the price should be （16）because of the large volume, and （17）not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe （18）. But why not? asked the American. Because （19）is so tiresome to make the（20）article over and over, answered the Head Man.A、illustratedB、appreciatedC、demonstratedD、anticipatedA、capacityB、potentialC、abilityD、fortuneA、strawB、globalC、worldD、earthA、addressedB、spokeC、askedD、toldA、declaredB、confirmedC、demandedD、gesturedA、orderB、sellC、disposeD、makeA、treatyB、pactC、matterD、dealA、effectiveB、efficientC、valuableD、profitableA、agreedB、acceptedC、refusedD、receivedA、lowerB、higherC、expensiveD、cheaperA、smallB、bigC、vastD、highA、certainlyB、reallyC、onlyD、simplyA、greaterB、strongerC、lessD、moreA、fromB、ofC、atD、sinceA、whoB、andC、thenD、thereforeA、lowerB、higherC、littleD、raisedA、neverB、reallyC、certainlyD、yetA、weaklyB、happilyC、stubbornlyD、hesitatinglyA、heB、itC、whatD、workA、similarB、beautifulC、alikeD、same1、A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill- mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, atraveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized inhelping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture.It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.The word “observation” in the first paragraph most probably means （）.People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would （）.Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers （）. According to the passage, which of the following is true?From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that（）.A、attention.B、watchfulness.C、survey.D、opinion.A、bring good news from outside world.B、help locals solve their problems.C、bring a change to the life in the settlements.D、requires a different definition.A、is still prevailing.B、can rarely be seenC、is wading fastD、requires a different definitionA、People are still fond of traveling to remote places.B、Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.C、There is no charitable organization in small cities.D、Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American’s friendliness.A、the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its cultureB、various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsC、culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationshipsD、courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated2、It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group’s standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms in other words, the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second cardis the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group—all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.Psychologists are interested in （）.In the experiment, who have been told to pick the wrong line?In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure?The experiments demonstrate that （）.The best title of this passage would be （）.A、how far group pressure can influence people’s judgmentsB、how to make judgments according to everyday experienceC、how to change people’s judgmentsD、the group’s standards of social behaviorA、The victims.B、The volunteer.C、The experimenter.D、The other members.A、When the group is separated.B、When the group is unanimous.C、When they know they are the victims.D、When they are forced to answer questions.A、nearly every individual will behave differently from othersB、group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.C、psychologists wish to change the people’s judgments and opinions.D、people will change their ideas under group pressure.A、A Typical ExperimentB、Are We Afraid to be DifferentC、The G roup’s Standards of Behavior and ThinkingD、Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Group’s Standards3、The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible—to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one’s fellows seemed to Thoreau’s sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of living—each must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin,that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of（）.To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is （）. Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to （）. In the book Walden all of the following can be found except （）. Thoreau’s attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of （）.A、learning how to live quietlyB、writing a book on philosophyC、discovering what humans can learn from natureD、working out the best adjustment to material life .A、to live a very simple lifeB、to become self-sufficientC、to live in the countryD、to reform the societyA、have a better understanding of what life meansB、live harmoniously with natureC、to save as much as one possibly canD、to live a life that one is content withA、the nature of economyB、the meaning of freedomC、the criticism of societyD、Ruskin’s philosophyA、acceptanceB、avoidanceC、indifferenceD、individualism4、Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labor’s concern over autom ation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.We learn from paragraph 1 that automation will probably lead to （）.Labor has the opinion that （）.What is the relation between automation and employment in the opinion of labor? The union stresses that （）.How many new policies of the unions have been listed in this passage?A、industrial expansionB、an increase in employmentC、displacement of labor from one industry to anotherD、an increase in unemploymentA、all efforts must be made to prevent automationB、automation will cause a rise in consumer costsC、its main interest lies in increasing all wagesD、technological change cannot be stoppedA、Automation will definitely leads to more unemployment.B、From a long-term point of view automation will bring about more jobs.C、Automation will not cause much change in employment.D、Sooner of later automation will do all the work instead of man.A、workers should also enjoy the fruits brought about by automationB、no workers should be fired in the development of automationC、it is necessary to slow down the development of automationD、workers should be paid according to their length of serviceA、1B、2C、3D、41、People may hold different views as to the dispute over when the shaping of a person’s character, or natural disposition is completed. Some peopl e state that the process of forming one’s character is fulfilled in one's childhood, whereas others argue that it is achieved after one finishes his school studies or has workedfor a year beyond campus. What do you think? Provide details in support of your argument with at least 180 words.问题内容：。
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试(英语)
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section A1. A. John failed the exam.B. John didn‘t take the exam.C. John passed the exam, but scored low.D. It took John a long time to pass the exam.2. A. To travel by train. B. To go by Taxi.C. To go hiking.D. To rent a car.3. A. 1-231-555-1212. B. 1-213-555-2112.C. 1-213-555-1212.D. 1-231-555-2112.4. A. Morning sickness. B. A frequent headache.C. A pain in her right leg.D. A boring hospitalization.5. A. Doctor and patient. B. Boss and secretary.C. Agent and customers.D. Driver and passenger.6. A. To buy another pair of shoes. B. To help his brother right away.C. To turn to his brother for help.D. To seek advice from the woman.7. A. He is offering a piece of advice. B. He is examining a patient.C. He is attending his daughter.D. He is taking a patient‘s history.8. A. To ask the man to call her back. B. To go to the botanic garden.C. To do some gardening.D. To play tennis.9. A. Louise is not a new comer.B. Louise loves being a nurse.C. Louise did a lot of work for the man.D. Louise has been waiting for a long time.10. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Seven.11. A. She was thrown out of the car.B. She was knocked down by a car.C. She hit her head on the steering wheel.D. She got the steering wheel in her chest.12. A. She overacted to the man. B. She cried over her failure.C. She made a success of diet.D. She was jealous of the man.13. A. He hates those who fool around. B. He will never try the stuff.C. He will shoot any drug dealer.D. he regrets tried the stuff.14. A. The opposite to the man‘s expectation.B. A quicker recovery than expected.C. A pair of mismatching boots.D. her healthy pregnancy.15. A. He will do as requested. B. He will not join the team.C. The woman is crazy about him.D. The woman has trouble standing. Section BDialogue16. A. for the purpose of diagnosis confirmation.B. For the possibility of legal trouble.C. For the doctor‘s investigation.D. For the patient‘s further use..17. A. He has got cancer in his pancreas. B. He falls with a stomach problem.C. he suffers from fatigue.D. He has a loss of weight.18. A. See a dietician B. Have an operation.C. Start chemotherapy.D. Take medications for pain relief.19. A. A couple of years. B. more than five years.C. A couple of months.D. Approximately 5 years.20. A. Suspicious. B. Anxious C. Hesitant. D. Factual. Passage One21. A. Life evolution. B. Space exploration.C. Extraterrestrial life.D. Unknown flying objects.22. A. His 50th birthday.B. NASA‘s 50th anniversary.C. The university‘s 50th anniversary.D. The US Cosmology Association‘s 50th anniversary.23. A. Even primitive life is impossible. B. Intelligent life is fairly common.C. Intelligent life is less likely.D. Any form of life is possible.24. A. Nuclear weapons. B. Alien kidnapping.C. human extinction.D. Dangerous infection.25. A. Ironic. B. Negative C. Indifferent D. Supportive. Passage Two26. A. Obese people need more food.B. Obese people require more fuel.C. Obesity contributes to global warming.D. Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.27. A. Limited living space.B. Crowded shopping mall.C. Food shortage and higher energy prices.D. Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.28. A. Over 700 millions. B. Over 400 millions.C. Over 2.3 billions.D. Over 3 billions.29. A. 1800 calories. B. 1280 calories.C. 1680 calories.D. 2960 calories.30. A. Climate change. B. The fall of food prices.C. A rise in energy prices.D. An increasing demand for food.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section A31. The ______ conditions and places are likely to cause diseases.A. insanitaryB. insidiousC. insaneD. inefficacious32. The witness was ________ by the judge for failing to answer the question.A. abstainedB. acquittedC. admonishedD. adduced33. He has _________ two cars this year because of traffic accidents.A. pulled offB. worn outC. passed outD. written off34. People are much better informed since the _________ of the internet.A. convenienceB. adventC. interfaceD. aftermath35. All instruments that come into contact with the patient must be ________ before being used by others.A. sterilizedB. labeledC. quarantinedD. retained36. By adopting this cunning policy, the clinic risks _______ many of its patients.A. acquittingB. allocatingC. alleviatingD. alienating37. Humor can also be a powerful ________ against stress and misfortune.A. braveryB. blossomC. bufferD. buffet38. Diabetes upsets the _________ of sugar, fat and protein.A. metastasisB. metabolismC. malaiseD. maintenance39. The muscular ___________ can affect the way we feel mentally.A. potencyB. fiberC. lethargyD. synthesis40. Evidence is widespread that HIV-infected persons show to ______ their unsafe behavior.A. respond toB. reflect onC. wipe outD. put off Section B41. Memory can both be enhanced and impaired by the use of drugs.A. inhibitedB. injuredC. inducedD. intervened42. Is it true that this is the major drawback of the new medical plan.A. defectB. assistanceC. culpritD. triumph43. The physician was becoming exasperated by all the questions they were asking.A. frustratedB. perplexedC. irritatedD. crippled44. We were shocked at the physician‘s callous disregard for the human dimension of medicine.A. involuntaryB. apparentC. deliberateD. indifferent45. For years, biologists have known that chimpanzees and even some monkeys produce a panting Sound akin to human laughter.A. rockingB. gaspingC. vibratingD. resonating46. Everybody at the party was in a very relaxed and jolly mood.A. rejoicingB. reconcilingC. refreshingD. resenting47. The bacterial infection is curable with judicious use of antibiotics.A. impudentB. imprudentC. purulentD. prudent48. He tried to run, but he was hampered by his broken leg.A. endangeredB. enduredC. encounteredD. encumbered49. The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.A. consecutiveB. conductiveC. considerateD. considerable50. The idea of correcting the defective genes is not particularly controversial in the scientific community.A. inevitableB. applicableC. disputableD. incrediblePart III Cloze (10%)Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Games provide a quick escape from ___51___. Game developers are the new breed of storytellers, creating alternative ___52___. Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot.And now the newest technologies allow you to play games no matter where you are. At home, we have PC or video game consoles. ___53__, a desktop or laptop computer can be loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Even while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable game devices, wireless phones and PDAs ___54___.Games are now pushing back all the ___55___ once placed upon them by technology, category, realism, location and time. These advances are helping to push games into the ___56___ of visual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging, the graphic aspects of the game quickly ___57___. Initially, electronic involved ___58___ moving blocks across a TV or computer screen. ___59___ the vast increases in processing power, games are quickly approaching three-dimensional realism. This power allows a developer to create a ___60___ world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.51. A. society B. reality C. dream D. illusion52. A. approaches B. characters C. worlds D. mazes53. A. In general B. At present C. In reality D. At work54. A. to choose from B. to choose C. choosing from D. chosen55. A. defects B. drawbacks C. limitations D. disadvantages56. A. room B. realm C. range D. boundary57. A. evolve B. evolving C. evolved D. evolve58. A. simply B. readily C. exceptionally D. simultaneously59. A. Aiding by B. To aid by C. Aided by D. To be aided by60. A. human B. original C. realistic D. microscopicPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%)Passage OneToo much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that the moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers.Researchers at the National Institute for the Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately --- defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day --- had an IQs that was 3.3 points higher than men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2.5 points higher than female teetotalers.The type of alcohol didn‘t influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake.The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent.―It‘s very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,‖says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. ―we screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake.‖Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is notsomething Japanese normally consume or buy. Shimkata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain.If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimkata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries.The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.61.The Japanese study was carried out on .A. the development of IQB. the secrete of longevityC. the brain food in a glassD. the amount of healthy drinking62. The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ inA. female teetotalers than in male onesB. female drinkers than in male onesC. moderate drinkersD. Teetotalers63.When he says that it is very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that_________.A. the study failed to involve such variables as income and educationB. he is doubtful of the findings of the investigationC. there are some other contributing factorsD. the results were just misleading64.From Shimokata‘s mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancingA. sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheeseB. they promote the drinking effect of sake or wineC. they are not as effective as sake and wineD. sake or wine is not alone65.Based on the study, Shimokata would say thatA. intelligence improves with ageB. IQ can be enhanced in one way or anotherC. polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brainD. alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligentPassage TwoWomen do not avoid fighting because they are dainty or scared, but because they have a greater stake than men in staying alive to rear their offspring. Women compete with each other just as tenaciously as men, but with a stealth and subtlety that reduces their chances of being killed or injured, says Anne Campbell of the department of psychology at the university of Durham.Across almost all cultures and nationalities, men have a much smaller role than women in rearing children. ―Males go for quantity of children rather than quality of care for offspring, which means that the parental investment of women is much greater,‖ says Campbell. And unlike men, who can‘t be sure that their children have not been fathered on the sly by other men, women can always be certain that half an offspring‘s genes are theirs.Women have therefore evolved a stronger impulse than men to see their children grow up intoadults. Men‘s psychological approach is geared to fathering as many children as possible.To make this strategy work and to attract partners, men need to establish and advertise their dominance over rival males. Throughout evolution this has translated into displays of male aggression, ranging in scale from playground fights to world wars.Men can afford to take more risks because as parents they are more expendable. Women, meanwhile, can only ensure reproductive success by overseeing the development of their children, which means avoiding death.― The scale of parental investment drives everything,‖ says Campbell. ― It‘s not that women are too scared to fight,‖ she says. ―It‘s more to do with the positive value of staying alive, and women have an awfully big stake not just in offspring themselves but in offspring they might have in the future,‘ she says.This means that if women do need to compete—perhaps for a partner—they choose low-risk rules of engagement. They use indirect tactics, such as discrediting rivals by spreading malicious rumours. And unlike men who glory in feats of dominance, women do better by concealing their actions and their ―victories‖.But there is no doubt says Campbell, that the universal domination of culture by males has exaggerated these differences in attitudes to physical aggression. ―The story we‘ve always been told is that females are not aggressive,‖ says Campbell. And when they are aggressive, women are told that their behaviour is ―odd or abnormal‖.66. For the sake of their children, according to Campbell, women _______________A. are reluctant to start warsB. cannot avoid being dainty or scaredC. would rather get killed or injured in fightingD. do not fight with men under any circumstances67. It can be learned from the passage that men and women__________________A. present different family values in the worldB. show definite differences in parenting skillsC. are genetically conditioned in educating their childrenD. take different psychological approaches to their children68. Which of the following would men most probably be concerned about according to the passage?A. LifeB. ParentingC. DominanceD. Reproduction69. To avoid death, women _________.A. cannot afford to confront risksB. choose to fight in a violent wayC. try to seek protection from the menD. would resort to the ― odd or abnormal‖ tactics70. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Why men and women possess different parenting skillsB. Why men are more aggressive than womenC. Why women evolve in their own wayD.Why women do not start fightsPassage ThreeThe first line reads: ―She sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name?Auguste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband‘s name? Auguste, I think.‖ The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer‘s disease. Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his colleagues at Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt found the file in their hospital‘s archive, where it had been missing for nearly 90 years, and published excerpts from it last May in the Lancet. The notes, in a cramped, archaic German script, were written by Alois Alzheimer – the physician who first described the disease.His patient, Auguste D, was a 51-year-old woman who had suffered fits of paranoid jealousy and memory lapses so disturbing that her family brought her to a local hospital known as the Castle of the Insane. Over the next four years Alzheimer tracked her condition. Upon her death he examined her brain issue and found the distinctive lesions that are now hallmarks of the disease.Today Alzheimer‘s afflicts some 4 million Americans. Although it still cannot be cured, or even treated very well, several recent studies hint that some treatments – from estrogen to Vitamin E to anti-inflammatory drugs –can reduce either the risk of developing the disorder or its symptoms. And more is being learned about its distinctive pathology. This past year, for instance, researchers discovered a new kind of lesion in Alzheimer‘s patients. A genetic study also pinpointed a mutation that is present in some 60 percent of them –a mutation in the DNA of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles of the cells.But nearly a century ago, it was Alois Alzheimer who first described the disease and in so doing became one of the physicians to offer a biological basis for a psychiatric condition. Finding the file, Maurer says, ―is like holding history in your hands.‖71. Obviously, the discovery of the missing file of Auguste D __________________.A. adds credit to Alois AlzheimerB. sheds doubt on the first description of Alzheimer‘sC. presents a big challenge to the present medical communityD. has a great impact on the development of a cure for Alzheimer‘s72. The anatomical characteristics of Alzheimer‘s _________________________.A. can be found in the missing fileB. could have been confirmed decades agoC. are wrongly described in the missing fileD. even puzzled the medical community today73. The findings of the research on Alzheimer‘s _________________________.A. sound encouragingB. took more time than expectedC. were ascribed to the missing fileD. will bring about a cure in no time74. When he says that finding the file is like holding history in your hands. , Maurer means___________________.A. his assurance of the historical findingB. his further studies on Alzheimer‘sC. the beauty of the medical historyD. the importance of imagination75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. The Physician Who First Described Alzheimer‘sB. The Resent Studies on Alzheimer‘sC. The missing File Of Auguste DD. The history of PsychiatricsPassage FourDry-cleaning machines that use liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent will go on sale in the US next year – thanks to chemists in North Carolina who have developed CO2-solluble detergents. Dry-cleaner will lose their characteristic smell, and the new process will cut the amount of toxic waste in cleaning clothes.Joseph DeSimone, a chemist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, says liquid CO2 is an ideal solvent because after cleaning, the CO2 can be evaporated off, collected, liquefied and reused.The problem in developing the process, says DeSimone, has been that CO2 by itself is not a good solvent. However, he points out that not too much dissolves in water without the help of detergents, yet water is the most common solvent. What CO2 needed, the thought, was the right detergent.Detergent molecules such as those in washing-up liquid have two chemically distinct ends: one has a liking for water, the other sticks to dirt. Normal detergents do not dissolve in liquidCO2, so DeSimone created three CO2-soluble detergents. One end of the detergents has a fluorocarbon group, which makes them soluble in CO2. The other end is soluble in water, oil or silicone, depending on the type of dirt being removed. The person doing the dry-cleaning has to decide which of the detergents is best suited for the job.DeSimone‘s company, Micell, will start selling liquid CO2 dry-cleaning machines next year. They operate at room temperature at a pressure ―about ten times the pressure of a bicycle tyre,‖according to a spokesman for Micell.Most dry-cleaners currently use chlorinated hydrocarbons such as perchloroethylene. But the US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) is clamping down on the toxic waste emissions this produces. After cleaning with the new machines, the liquid CO2 is evaporated and collected for reuse, leaving a residue of detergent and dirt.Brad Lienhart, president of Micell, says that cutting waste and pollution is the company‘s strongest selling point. ―Dry-cleaner owners are saying ‗get this burden off my back‘,‖ he says. He hopes to sell a hundred machines in the first year of business. About 15000 conventional dry-cleaning machines are sold around the world every year. Buster Bell, who owns Bell Laundry and Dry Cleaning in South Carolina, says the Micell technology looks competitive, and he likes the reduced environmental impact. ―You really don‘t know what is coming from the EPA,‖he says.76. The passage begins with ___________________.A. a commercial advertisementB. a horrible warningC. a sale promotionD. good news77. What is the liquid CO2 for?A. Better cleaning clothes.B. Help recycle dry cleaners.C. Dissolve the toxic waste from dry cleaningD. Reduce the toxic emission from dry cleaning78. The right detergent for CO2__________________.A. makes dry cleaning easyB. must be chemically solubleC. is chemically of two purposesD. means a right person for dry-cleaning79. When they are saying ―get this burden off my back,‖the dry-cleaner owners refer to __________________.A. the competition in the business of dry cleaningB. the pressure from EPAC. their potential profitD. their selling point80. What is the strongest selling point of the MiCell technology according to Lienhart?A. It will promote dry-cleaning business.B. It is environment-friendlyC. It costs less in the market.D. All of the abovePassage FiveThe alarm on our household computer terminal rings and wakes me up. My husband simply stirs and goes back to sleep. I transfer today‘s information onto the personal data card I carry with me everywhere and scan today‘s readings. Values are given as to the number of litres of water I can use ,the amount of coal-generated electricity I have been allocated and how many ―envirocredits‖ I have earned.I am free to use the water and electricity as I choose, however I notice that the ration of electricity is decreasing every day. Of course, this will not be a problem when we have earned enough envirocredits to buy another solar panel. Envirocredits are earned by buying goods with limited or no packaging, minimizing the amount of garbage thrown out and by financially supporting ―envirotechnology‘. Before cars were phased out due to unpopularity, credits could be gained by using public transport.I notice an extra passage added to the readings. At last I have been given permission to havea child. Almost instantaneously a package arrives with a label on it: ―anti-sterilization Unit‘. Inside there are instructions and a small device that looks like a cross between a pistol and s syringe. Eagerly I follow the instructions. The procedure is painless and I don‘t know if I am imagining it but I seem to feel the effects at once.Shaking my husband awake, I tell him the good news. I want to get started baby-making right now. ―You‘ve been on the waiting list for 37 years,‖ he says. ―Can‘t you just wait until I‘ve woken up properly?‖I decide that I probably don‘t have much choice and wander downstairs. I am feeling very privileged to have the opportunity to create a new life. It is saddening, however, when I realize that, because of strict population controls, this new life will be replacing an old one.I decide to ring my mother and tell her the good news. When she answers the phone she is crying. She has received word that my grandmother has failed her last health check and will be euthanized next week.For some reason, I don‘t feel like creating that new life anymore.81. Based on today‘s data, the wife will ________________.A. use up all the envirocredits she earnedB. make arrangements with her husband for the dayC. be allowed to use a certain amount of water and electricityD. do as required to generate enough water and electricity for the day82. According to the passage, envirocredits go to those who ______________--.A. recycle their garbage at homeB. limit themselves to solar energyC. push envirotechnology forwardD. do some environment-friendly83. the effects the wife is feeling at once following the instructions refer to _____________.A. the desire to make a babyB. the permission to make a babyC. the device to help her make a babyD. the consequences of making a baby84. The good news for the wife turned into bad news because _____________.A. she has to wait for another 37 yearsB. to create a new life is to replace an old oneC. population is strictly controlled in the countryD. today she is not healthy enough to make a baby85. What is the passage?A. It is a scenarioB. It is a true storyC. It is a piece of newsD. It‘s a scientific reportPassage SixJust because you‘re better educated doesn‘t mean that you‘re any more rational than everyone else, not matter how hard you may try to give that impression.Take the selection of lottery numbers. A survey in Florida described at this year‘s annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science shows that better educated people try to use random number system to pick their lottery numbers.Despite the apparent logic of choosing random numbers, however, their chances of winning are not better than those of ordinary folk who use birthdays, anniversaries and other ―lucky‖ dates. Nor are they better off than those who draw on omens and intuitions, picking numbers seen on car number-plates and in dreams. But no doubt they feel a lot more rational.That appearance of ―rationality‖ may be a dangerous thing. Scientists are not immune to subtle and subjective influences on their judgments. Take the data from a survey of the public and members of the British Society of Toxicology discussed at the same meeting.The survey shows that most people agree with the view that animals can be used to help predict how humans will react to chemicals, and that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal we can be ―reasonably sure‖it will cause cancer in humans. The toxicologists, however, are more circumspect. They accept the first statement but are less likely to agree that if a chemical causes cancer in an animal, it will cause cancer in a human.Can this difference be attributed to their expertise? Perhaps. But consider the considerable variation among toxicologists: those who were young, female, working in academia rather than industry or who felt that technology is not always used for the good of all, were more likely to agree that what causes cancer in an animal will cause cancer in a human.Maybe we need to think more about how who we are affects our ―rational‘ decisions.86. According to the Florida-based survey, those who are better educated feel a lot more rational about the way they ______________________.A. look at the worldB. use logic in doing scienceC. choose their lottery numbersD. use numbers professionally and personally87. Actually, the selection of random numbers _______________________.A. does not work any better than the use of omens and intuitionsB. stands more chance of winning a lottery in the United StatesC. is wrongly appreciated by rational peopleD. is widely practiced in lottery88. What are the survey data suggesting in the passage?A. We are leave in the age of rationality.B. Nobody can be trusted in terms of truth.C. Humans and animals do not react to chemicals in the same way.D. The sense of rationality cannot avoid being subjectively influenced89. What the author is trying to say in the passage ____________________.A. can be further illustrated by the opinion among toxicologistsB. is acceptable to those young and female toxicologistsC. is rational enough to accept in the world of scienceD. has much to do with his own experience90. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. A Very Comforting IllusionB. A Rational Approach to LotteryC. A Survey on Education and RationalityD. A Difference between Scientists and OthersPaper TwoPart V Writing(20%)水果是否可吃可不吃水果含有人体必需而又不能自身合成的矿物质，具有强抗氧化作用、防止细胞衰老的维生素以及可以明显降低血液中胆固醇浓度的可溶性纤维——果胶等，对人体健康十分有益。
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷14(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Only by shouting at the top of her voice_____.A．she was able to make herself hearB．was she able to make herself hearC．she was able to make herself heardD．was she able to make herself heard正确答案：D解析：以only引导的状语放在句首时，句子谓语需用倒装语序。
make oneself heard“让别人听清自己讲的话”。
2．The dying soldier had the message_____straight to the headquarters.A．be sentB．being sentC．sentD．to be sent正确答案：C解析：have sth done表示“别人做某事”，有时也表示自己参与做，甚至还可以表示某事完全由自己做。
3．“You must always obey your parents. “Oh, I must,_____.A．mustn’t IB．must IC．shouldn’t ID．should I正确答案：B解析：这种附加疑问句用于两人对话之间，表示对对方所说的话不赞成、不满、惊讶、反感或反驳等情绪。
4．A suitcase with shirt, trousers and shoes_____stolen from the car.A．have beenB．has beenC．areD．was正确答案：D解析：主语为a suitcase，谓语动词用第三人称单数，不受介语with的影响。
北京大学考博英语模拟试题精解
北京大学考博英语模拟试题精解47.[精解]本题考核的知识点是：被动语态、定语从句的译法。
该句的句子主干是：the mass...had always been associated with an indestructible material substance，其中完成时的被动语态had been associated with，可译成“总是与...相关联”。
with some“stuff”of which引导的定语从句修饰indestructible material substance，翻译的时候应该按照汉语习惯，将定语前置，放到所修饰的名词前面。
可直译为“所有物质被认为是由这种物质构成的”，或意译为“这是构成一切物质的东西”。
考生应该注意of与be made是词组be made of被分隔了的形式，译成“由...构成的”。
词汇：classical“经典的，古典的”，在该句中取其第二种含义，译成“古典物理”。
48.[精解]本题考核知识点：同位语、宾语从句、定语从句、现在分词作定语的译法。
该句的句子主干是The fact means that...，fact后是that引导的同位语从句，同位语从句的翻译和定语从句翻译有很多相似之处，如果句子较长，可单独成句，并用“这一事实...”将从句和主语连接在一起，that可以省略不译。
Means后是that引导的宾语从句，其中有两个并列的谓语：can no longer be seen as和has to be conceived as，译为“不能再被看成...，而应该被看成...”。
a process是宾语补足语a dynamic pattern 的同位语，可以译成并列结构。
Involving...部分是现在分词作定语，修饰a process，按照汉语习惯译成“与……有关的过程”。
Which...mass是定语从句，修饰the energy，可译成“表现为粒子质量的能量。
北京邮电大学2009年考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析-育明考博
北京邮电大学2009年考博英语7选5(填空式阅读)真题解析Directions:Directions:In the following text,some sentences have beenremoved.For Questions(41-45),choose the most suitable one from thelist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extrachoices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers onANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)Coinciding with the groundbreaking theory of biologicalevolution proposed by British naturalist Charles Darwin in the1860s,British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theoryof biological and cultural evolution.Spencer argued that all worldlyphenomena,including human societies,changed over time,advancingtoward perfection.41.American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introducedanother theory of cultural evolution in the late1800s.Morgan,alongwith Taylor,was one of the founders of modern anthropology.In hiswork,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed togetherin the evolution of societies.42.In the early1900s in North America,German?born Americananthropologist Franz Boas developed a new theory of culture known ashistorical particularism.Historical particularism,which Geng duoyuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xundian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi emphasized the uniqueness of all cultures,gave new direction to anthropology.43.Boas felt that the culture of any society must be understood as the result of a unique history and not as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture.44.Historical particularism became a dominant approach to the study of culture in American anthropology,largely through the influence of many students of Boas.But a number of anthropologists in the early1900s also rejected the particularist theory of culture in favor of diffusionism.Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that,according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures.45.Also in the early1900s,French sociologist Emile Durkheim developed a theory of culture that would greatly influence anthropology.Durkheim proposed that religious beliefs functioned to reinforce social solidarity.An interest in the relationship between the function of society and culture-known as functionalism-became a major theme in European,and especially British,anthropology.[A]Other anthropologists believed that cultural innovations, such as inventions,had a single origin and passed from society to society.This theory was known as diffusionism.[B]In order to study particular cultures as completely as possible,Boas became skilled in linguistics,the study of languages, and in physical anthropology,the study of human biology and anatomy.[C]He argued that human evolution was characterized by a strugglehe called the"survival of the fittest,"in which weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger,more advanced races and societies.[D]They also focused on important rituals that appeared to preserve a people's social structure,such as initiation ceremonies that formally signify children's entrance into adulthood.[E]Thus,in his view,diverse aspects of culture,such as the structure of families,forms of marriage,categories of kinship, ownership of property,forms of government,technology,and systems of food production,all changed as societies evolved.[F]Supporters of the theory viewed as a collection of integrated parts that work together to keep a society functioning.[G]For example,British anthropologists Grafton Elliot Smith and W.J.Perry incorrectly suggested,on the basis of inadequate information,that farming,pottery making,and metallurgy all originated in ancient Egypt and diffused throughout the world.In fact, all of these cultural developments occurred separately at different times in many parts of the world.答案详解41.【解析】[C]本题可以使用词汇复现法。
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
北京大学考博英语模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. Cloze 5. Proofreading 6. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．on the first day when a pupil enters school, he is asked to ______ to the school rules.A．concedeB．conformC．complyD．confront正确答案：B2．once the ______ contradiction is grasped, all problems will be readily solved.A．principleB．principalC．potentialD．primitive正确答案：B解析：principle意为“原则”；principal意为“主要的，首要的”；potential 意为“潜在的”；primitive意为“原始的”。
本句话意思是：一旦主要的矛盾被抓住了，所有问题都将迎刃而解。
B项符合题意，如：the principal rivers of a country(一个国家的主要河流)。
3．If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a ______ ,or there will be no tickets.A．reservationB．punctualityC．complimentD．clarity正确答案：A解析：reservation意为“预约，预定”；punctuality意为“准时”；compliment 意为“恭维”；clarity意为“清楚”。
2009年北京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2009年北京大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Proofreading 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．There seemed little doubt that the spread of a particular cultural trait did follow a specific regular pattern______.A．as a society adoptedB．which a society adopted itC．as a society adopted itD．when a society adopted正确答案：A解析：这里as引导一个定语从句，先行词是前面的一整句话，即“the spread of a particular cultural trait did follow a specific regular pattern”。
2．Long-term exposure to mass media portrayals of violence might make the audience insensitive or______to real acts of violence.A．emotionally neutralB．neutrally emotionalC．emotionally mutualD．mutually emotional正确答案：A解析：根据题意“观众在大众媒体上看多了暴力就会对暴力持中立的态度”，即对暴力失去了感觉。
neutral一词是用来描述观众对真实暴力的看法，emotionally是修饰neutral的，即情感上是中立的。
故正确答案为A。
3．The Collector’s Edition coin is______, and represents a true collector’s treasure to be appreciated for generations to come.A．unlikely any Elvis Presley collectible ever releasedB．unlikely any Elvis Presley collectible never releasedC．unlike any Elvis Presley collectible never releasedD．unlike any Elvis Presley collectible ever released正确答案：A解析：根据句中“不大可能是猫王曾经发行的收藏品”可知“unlike”(不同的、不相似的)一词用在此处语句不通。
2009英语高考模拟试题及答案
2009英语高考模拟试题及答案英语试题本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷第1至12页。
第二卷第13至14页。
考试结束，将本试卷第二卷（主观题答卷）和答题卡一并交回。
第一卷（共三部分，满分115分）注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
不能答在试题上。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后面有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.15.C．£9.18.答案是B。
1．What does the woman mean?（）A．They will not go there at a11．B．They will go without Amy．C．They will forget about asking Amy．2．Where are the two speakers?（）A．In a car．B．In a bar．C．In an office．3．What will the woman do?（）A．She will stop to chat with the man．B．She will take running training later．C．She will attend a lesson in a minute．4．When will the man’s mother probably arrive?（）A．After lunch．B．At3:30p.m.C．About6p.m.5．What are the two speakers doing?（）A．Reading newspaper．B．Writing up local news．C．Talking about sports．第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2009年11月北京学位英语试题
2009年11月北京学位英语试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:According to a recent surv, ey, employees in many companies today work longer hours than employees did in 1979. They also take shorter vacations than employees in 1979. It seems that Americans are working harder today than ever before. Or are they? A management consultant, Bill Meyer, decided to find out. For three days, he observed an investment banker hard at work. Meyer wrote down everything the banker did during his long workday. At the end of the three-day period, Meyer reviewed the banker's activities with him. What did they find out? They discovered that the man spent 80 percent of his time doing unnecessary work. For example, he attended unnecessary meetings, made redundant (多余的) telephone calls, and spent time packing and unpacking his two big briefcases.(76) Apparently many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes. When employers evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time on the job in addition to job performance. Employees know this. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a regular 40-hour work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that the people who can promote them see them.A group of headhunters (猎头) were asked their opinion about a situation. They had a choice of two candidates for an executive position with an important company. The candidates had similar qualifications for the job. For example, they were both reliable. One could do the job well in a 40-hour work week. The other would do the same job in an 80-hour work week just as well. According to a headhunting expert, the 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job. The time this candidate spends on the job may encourage other employees to spend more time at work, too. Employers believe that if the employees stay at work later, they may actually do more work.However, the connection between time and productivity (生产率) is not always positive. (77) In fact. many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease. Some employees are not willing to spend so much extra, unproductive time at the office. Once they finish their work satisfactorily, they want to relax and enjoy themselves. For these people, the solution is to find a company that encourages people to do both.1. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Many people work long hours but do not always do a lot of work.B. Most people can get more work done by working longer hours.C. Most Americans work 80 hours a week, and some work even longer.D. People can make more money by working longer hours.2. The management consultant wanted to fmd outA. how hard the investment banker worked during his work hoursB. when people spent time doing unnecessary work in their officeC. if people needed vacation after working hard for a certain period of timeD. whether Americans were really working harder than they had done before3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.B.Employers do not judge their employees' job performance according to theamount of working time.C. Some people work more than 40 hours a week in the hope of getting promotion.D. Allemployees are willing to spend extra time at work.4. The 80-hour-a-week candidate would get the job because employers believe_____.A. that he is more reliableB. his example would lead other employees to work longer hoursC. he has better qualificationsD. he could encourage other employees to do a better job5. The expression “to do both” in the last paragraph is_____.A. to finish their work satisfactorily and relax and enjoy themselvesB. to pay attention to both performance and productivityC. to work long hours and have short vacationsD. to relax and enjoy themselves quite frequently[NextPage]Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Many private institutions of higher education around the country are in danger. Not ail will be saved, and perhaps not all deserve to be saved. There are low-quaiity schools just as there are low-quality businesses. We have no obligation to save them simply because .they exist. But many thriving institutions that deserve to continue are threatened. They are doing a fine job educationally, but they are caught in a financial difficulty, with no way to reduce rising costs or increase revenues (收入) significantly. Raising fees doesn't bring in more revenue, for each time fees go up, the, enrollment (注册人数) goes down, or the mount that must be given away in student aid goes up. (78) Schools are bad businesses, whether rmblic or orivate, not usually because of bad management but because of the nature of the business. They lose money on every customer, and they can go bankrupt either from too few students or too many students. Even a very good college is a very bad business.It is such colleges, thriving but threatened, that I worry about. Low enrollment is not their chief problem. Even with full enrollments, they may go under. Efforts to save them, and preferably to keep them private, are a national necessity. (79) There is no basis. for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools. There are plentiful examples to the contrary. Anyone can name state universities and colleges that rank as the finest in the nation and the world. It is now inevitable that public institutions will be dominant, and therefore diversity (多样性) is a national necessity. Diversity in the way wesupport schools tends to give us a healthy diversity in the forms of education. In ah imperfect society such as ours, uniformity of education throughout the nation could be dangerous, ha an imperfect society, diversity is a positive good. Eager supporters of public higher education know the importance of keeping private higher education healthy.6. In the passage, the author asks the public to support_____ .A. private higher education in generalB. public higher education in generalC. high-quality private universities and collegesD. high-quality state universities and colleges7. According to the passage, schools are bad businesses because of_____.A. the nature of schoolB. poor teachersC) bad management D. too few students.8. The phrase “go under” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _____.A. have low feesB. get into difficultiesC. do a bad ]ob educationallyD. have low teaching standards9.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.There are many cases indicating that private schools are superior to public schools.B. The author thinks diversity of education is preferable to uniformity of education.C. A high-quality university is always a good business.D. Each time fees are raised, the enrollment goes up.10.In the author's opinion, the way that can save private schools lies in_____.A. full enrollmentB. raising feesC. reducing student aidD. national supportPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based onthe following passage:The fourth-graders atChicago's McCormick Elementary School don't know Chinese is supposed to be hard to learn. For most, who speak Spanish at home, it's becoming their third language. They've been heating and using Chinese words since nursery, and it's natural to give a “ni hao”when strangers enter the classroom.“It's really fun!”says Miranda Lucas, taking a break from a lesson that includes a Chinese interview with Jackie Chan. “I'm teaching my mom to speak Chinese.”The classroom scene at McCormick is unusual, but it may soon be a common phenomenon in American schools, where Chinese is rapidly becoming the hot new language. Government officials have long wanted more focus on useful languages like Chinese, and pressure from them -- as well as from business leaders, politicians, and parents -- has produced a quick growth in the number of programs.Chicago city officials make their best effort to include Chinese in their public schools. Their program has grown to include 3,000 students in 20 schools, with more schools on a waiting list. Programs have also spread to places like Los Angeles, New York City, and North Carolina. Supporters see knowledge of the Chinese language and culture as an advantagein a global economy where China is growing in importance. “This is an interesting way to begin to engage with the world's next superpower,”says Michael Levine, director of education at the Asia Society, which has started five new public high schools that offer Chinese. “Globalization has already changed the arrangements in termsof how children today are going to think about their careers, The question is when, not whether, the schools are going to adjust.”(80) The number of students leaming Chinese is tiny compared with how many study Spanish or French. But one report shows that before-college enrollment (报名人数) nearly quadrupled between 1992 and 2002, from 6,000 to 24,000. Despite the demand, though, developing programs isn't easy. And the No. one difficulty, everyone agrees, is having enough teachers. Finding teacher “is the challenge,” says Scott McGinnis, an academic adviser for a language institute and a Chinese teacher for 15 years at the college level. “Materials are easy comparison. Or getting schools funded.”11. The best title for this passage might be_____.A. Next Hot Language to Study: ChineseB. Next Hot Language to Study: SpanishC.Next Hot Language to Study: FrenchD. Chicago Is the Place to Learn Chinese12. The most difficult thing to do is finding _____.A. enough textbooks for the Chinese programsB. enough money for the Chinese programsC. enough teachers for the Chinese programsD. enough students for the Chinese programs13. We learn from the passage that_____.A. Scott McGinnis has been a Chinese teacher for 15 yearsB. Jackie Chan is a Chinese teacher at McCormick Elementary SchoolC. Chicago officials ire required to learn ChineseD. Scott McGinnis is good at giving his opinions on everything14. According to the passage, all the following statements are true EXCEPT_____.A. the number of students learning Chinese is smallB. Chinese programs have found their way in several major Cities in the U.S.C. g0vernment officials don't like the pressure from businessleaders and parents to start Chinese programsD. China is becoming more and more influential in the world15 The word "quadrupled" in the last paragraph is close in meaning to“multiplied by_____”.A. three timesB. four timesC. five timesD. six times[NextPage]Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. The driver was at______loss when______word came that he wasforbidden to drive for speeding.A. a; /B. a; theC. the; theD./; /17. My uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice______expensive.A. asB. soC. tooD. very18. This magazine is very ______with young people, who like its content and style.A. familiarB. popularC. similarD. particular19. The art show was ______ being a failure; it was a great success.A. far fromB. along withC. second toD. regardless of20. Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a______of exercise.A. limitB. lackC. needD. demand21. In our daily life, everyone fails every now and then. It is how youreact that makes a_____.A. developmentB. differenceC. progressD. point22. The hotel was awful!___, our room was far too small. Then we found that the showerdidn't work.A. To begin withB. After allC. In realityD. As a whole23. Don't worry if you can't understand everything. The teacher will_____ the main points at the end.A. recoverB. reviewC. requireD. remember24. It is reported that the police will soon look______the case of the two missing children.A. uponB. afterC. intoD. out25. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to______healthy eating habits:A. growB. developC. increaseD. raise26. The company is starting a new advertising campaign to new customers to its stores.A. joinB. attractC. stickD. transfer27. Over the past decades, sea ice in the Arctic(北极) as a result of global warming.A. had decreasedB. will decreaseC. has been decreasingD. is decreasing28. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bittenB. BittenC. Having bittenD. To be bitten29. He_____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't beenjoying himself by the seaside.A. shouldB. mustC. wouldn'tD. can't30. Many children,_______parents are away working in big cities, aretaken good care of in the village.A. theirB. whoseC. of themD. with whom31. If it_____tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our trainingclass.A. rainsB. rainC. will rainD. rained32. The college sports meet was __ till next week because of theheavy rain.A. put outB. put onC. put offD. put up33. Lord Jim_____a private school five years ago with the moneyhe earned through hard work.A. findsB. foundC. foundsD. founded34. When Bob and his friends came, we____our supper then.A. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having35. That big dictionary_____Tom two hundred dollars.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took36. It was in 2005 _____we began to introduce this new techniqueinto our company.A. whichB. thenC. whenD. that37. He____the maths examination if he had worked hard enough,but he didn't.A. would passB. has passedC. would have passedD. passed38. Since it is already midnight, we______now.A. had better leavingB. had better leaveC. had better to leaveD. had better have left39. Rabbits are quiet animals,_______they are able to make 20 different sounds.A. howB. in spite ofC. because ofD. even though40. There are two rooms in the house, ____serves as a kitchen.A. the smaller of whichB. the smaller of thatC. the smallest of whichD. the smallest of that41. I was so fired then that I fell______in class.A. asleepB. sleepC. sleepingD. slept42. I can only stay here for a while, but I'll come again in _____ days.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little43. Given the choice between work and play, Tom would surely prefer the ____.A. lateB. laterC. latterD. last44. He began to work for a big company _____ an early age.A. onB. atC. ofD. with45. James doesn't like pop music, ____does his sister.A. SoB. AlsoC. EitherD. Neither[NextPage]Part III Identification (10%)Directions: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the one that is not correct. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.46. How an interesting role she played in the film! No wonder she has won an Oscar.A B C D47. The famous scientist, in his honor a dinner party will be held tonight, is to arrive soon.A B C D48. The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood thatA B C Dhe meant.49. The young man, to make several attempts to beat the world record in high jumping,A B Cdecided to have another try.D50. In the town was found many old people who badly needed money and care.A B C D51. As early as the 12th century boys in England enjoyed to play football.A B C D52. So absorbed she was in her work that she didn't realize it was time that she picked up herA B C Ddaughter.53. In big cities there is an increasingly need for cheap apartments for the lower middle class.A B C D54. The price of meat was much more higher than expected.A B C D55. Joe's father has died ten years ago, so he has lived with his mother since then.A B C D[NextPage]Part IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. You should choose ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.There 56 a king who had twelve beautiful daughters. They 57 in twelve beds all in one room and when they went to bed, the 58 were shut and locked up. 59 , every morning 60 shoes were found to be quite worn through as if they had been danced in all night. Nobody could 61 how it happened, or 62 the princesses had been.So the king made it 63 to all that if any person could discover the 64 and find out where it was that the princesses danced in the 65, he would have the 66 he liked best to take as his wife, and would be king 67 his death. But whoever tried and did not succeed, after three days and nights, would be 68 to death.A prince from a nearby country soon came. He was well entertained, and in the evening was taken to the chamber (大房间) next 69 the one where the princesses lay intheir twelve 70 . There he was to sit and 71 where they went to dance; and, in order 72 nothing could happen without him hearing it, the door of his 73 was left open. But the prince soon went to sleep; and when, he 74 in the morning he found that the princesses had all been dancing, 75 the soles of their shoes were full of holes.56. A. was B. were C. is D. are57. A. did B. slept C. washed D. kicked58. A. chairs B. desks C. doors D. roofs59. A. So B. Therefore C. Then D. However60. A. their B. your C. our D. her61. A. make out B. take out C. find out D. speak out62. A. when B. what C. why D. where63. A. know B. knowing C. knows D. known64. A. story B. secret C. news D. idea65. A. night B. day C. afternoon D. morning66. A. one B. it C. some D. that67. A. before B. after C. of D. below68. A. made B. passed C. put D. handed69. A. by B. to C. at D. on70. A. boxes B. buckets C. sofas D. beds71. A. notice B. keep C. watch D. hit72. A. that B. which C. who D. whose73. A. kitchen B. classroom C. chamber D. restaurant74. A. ate B. awoke C. slept D. ran75. A. for B. so C. but D. though[NextPage]Part V Translation (20%)Section ADirections: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76. Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends at work, the more he or she accomplishes.77. In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to decrease.78. Schools are bad businesses, whether public or private, not usually becauseof. bad management but because of the nature of the business.79. There is no basis for arguing that private schools are bound to be better than public schools.80. The number of students learning Chinese is tiny compared withn how many study Spanish or French..SectionBDirections：In this part there are five sentences in Chinese.You should translate them into English.Be sure to write clearly.81.我们期待和你一起工作。
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(II-1)Higher taxes on alcohol can do more than add cash to ailing government budgets.
Can do more than
Add cash
Ailing
If the government imposes higher taxes on alcohol, it will not only get more money for its short-of-money budgets, but also gain other benefits.
If the government raises taxes on alcohol…it will …
By raising taxes/imposing higher taxes on alcohol, the government may have more money at hand when they are planning the budgets.
(II-2) As prices go up, the study found, people become less likely to drink. And when they do drink, they drink less.
The study found
People become less likely to drink
less
The study found that with the prices for alcohol going up, it is likely that people consume less alcohol. And even if they do, they drink less than when it is cheaper.
(II-3) Although studies have found that moderate drinking can have beneficial health effects, other research has shown that reducing overall drinking has a broader social benefit, Wagenaar said, “Areas that drink more have higher rates of a wide range of problems (e.g., injuries and chronic health problems and deaths),” he wrote in an e-mail message.
Moderate
Have beneficial health effects
Reducing overall drinking
Has a benefit
Have
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Although studies have found that a fair amount of alcohol will do good to one’s health, other studies have found that drinking less in general will do good on a broader social scale. Wagenaar wrote in an e-mail message that where people drink more, there are various kinds of problems such as injuries, chronic health problems and deaths.
Studies have shown that if one drinks moderately, he may benefit from it. However, according to other studies, the society will benefit to a broader extent/degree if on the whole people drink less. Wagenaar said that many problems, such as injuries, chronic health problems and deaths may occur more frequently in the areas where people drink more.
08真题
1．Contrary to what many people think, depression is not a normal part of growing older.
Many people think that depression is a normal part of getting older, but it is not true / but they are wrong.
2．She added: “Many older people despair over the quality of their lives at the end of life. If they
have a functional disability or serious medical illness, it may make it harder to notice depression in older people.”
She said in addition: “When older people get close to death, they lose hope for the improvement of their quality of life. It is even more difficult to identify the depression in them if they suffer from a serious medical illness or physical malfunctions.”
3．He warned that “depressed older adults tend to have fewer symptoms” than younger adults who are depressed.
He warned that young people who suffer from depression exhibit more symptoms than old people. 4．Brown recommended that older adults structure their days by maintaining a regular cycle and planning activities that “give them pleasure, purpose and a reason for living.”
Brown suggested that older people should live a regular life, doing meaningful things and things that may give them happiness.
5．Brown notes that any activity the person is capable of doing can help to ward off depression and suicidal thinking. And he urges older people to talk to others about their problems.
Brown points out that any activity of a new interest the person can take up may help them avoid falling into depression and prevent them from thinking of committing suicide.。