研究生英语视听说教程unit 1-重庆大学-杨瑾瑜主编

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研究生英语读写译教程-重庆大学-杨瑾瑜主编

第三单元英语翻译及答案Text 参考译文亚洲开发银行的大湄公河次区域合作规划[1] 大湄公河次区域是亚洲开发银行（亚行）的创意，它最初由五个国家和一个省份组成-他们分别是柬埔寨王国，缅甸联邦，泰王国，越南社会主义共和国，老挝人民民主共和国和中华人民共和国的云南省。

[2] 大湄公河次区域是一个拥有巨大经济潜力和丰富自然资源的区域。

七千多万的人民生活在湄公河盆地，整个次区域将近两亿六千万人。

大湄公河次区域也经历了世界上最快的经济增长率。

然而贫穷、环境的恶化和人力资源的缺乏以及不同的社会发展和治理结构阻碍了可持续和公平发展。

自六个成员国于1992年开始合作以来，大湄公河次区域经历了空前的整合进程。

通过国际组织、非政府组织和私人投资的资金支持和多边合作，大湄公河次区域经历了经济的迅速发展。

然而至今大湄公河次区域的整合主要是通过国际组织，尤其是亚洲开发银行和外国政府的资金从外部的驱动。

为了在六个成员国之间达到真正意义上的整合和合作，创立新的大湄公河次区域精神是很有必要的。

在最初开始的15年后，该区域的双边和多边合作进一步增强，其公民的认同感也进一步加深，这一切将为这个历史上麻烦不断的区域提供长期的和平以及为该地区的可持续发展铺平道路。

大湄公河次区域的资源[3] 大湄公河次区域自然资源极为丰富，他们都是上天的馈赠。

陆地上出产木材、矿产品、煤和石油，众多河流的水资源支撑着农业和渔业并为水利发电提供能源。

该区域煤的储量也极为丰富，还有大量的石油和天然气。

这些资源的储量大多分布在缅甸，泰国和越南。

这些丰富的能源相对来说还未被开发使用。

该区域的大多数人们的存活之道仍然是自给自足或近乎自给自足的农耕生活方式。

[4] 大约有三亿人居住在大湄公河次区域，其间蜿蜒穿行4200公里的巨大的湄公河是他们共同的联系纽带。

其中大多数人居住在农村，仍然过着自给自足或半自给自足的生活方式。

例如，超过75%的老挝人住在农村。

在大多数湄公河沿岸国家中仍然保留有很多大型农业社区，即便是在都市化程度最高的泰国也如此，尤其是在它的北部和东北部，。

研究生英语听说教程答案 (1)

U n i t O n ePart I Listening PracticeSection A Listening for GistTask 1hostess assistant guide Jockey warden driverTask 2, flight up wide, filling, chipped size, fit, stock , designed , products , radio line,no-parking , chef , parkSection B Plans for WeekendTask 3Section C Discussing Plans for the WeekendTask 4Section D Making ArrangementsTask 5Task 61.bring: records meet: bus stop2.bring: sandwiches, fishing rod and drinks meet: at theriver3.bring: white wine meet: at Pat’s house4.bring: dessert-chocolate cake and drinks meet: in front ofhis housePart III Listening Comprehension Test1-10: DCABD/CBACCUnit TwoPart I Listening PracticeSection A Guessing about the Situation and SpeakerTask 1Match Court Show Forecast Showroom Lesson (of London)Task 2Section B Looking for a FlatTask 3a flat. is going to rent flat. are friends or classmates. is a landlady.Task 41.34New Street in Kanden2.$75 including gas and electricitybedroom flat, central heating, small kitchen, bathroom, washing machine . Greeno’clock this afternoonSection C Discussing Plans for the WeekendTask 5ndlord and tenant.2.The man is talking about the house rules.3.She has agreed.Task 61.Don’t allow a cat to go upstairs.2.no smoking in a bedroom3.Don’t stick pictures with sellotape on the wall.4.Close the window when you go out.5.Don’t put the kettle on the chest of drawers.Section D Apartments for RentTask 7Thomas Street University AvenueTaft Road Metcalf StreetTask 8Street AvenueStreet ROADPart III Listening Comprehension Test1-10: CBCBB/CBCBDUnit ThreePart I Listening PracticeSection A Listening for Specific InformationTask 11.weight; 13 pounds2.car; 6503. a cash-card; 89764. a fax; 593381; code 4408655.6. a foreign-exchange counter; 410,000 peso (Exchange rate: 4,100 to 1)7.weather; 83 F8.Waterloo; 1815Task 21.On a diet and doing a keep-fit class.2.Rusty, expensive.3.Yes.4.He’ll contact him and talk about the new contract.5.Probably in a bank.6.For a holiday.7.Because Dave and Jane are there.8.Quiz.Section B Describing Different PeopleTask 3: female : maleAge: about 35 Age: an older man about seventy Height: about average Height: rather short, about five feet or five feet twoHair: long black Hair: Grey, large mustache Others: glasses, yellow flower Others: white flower in jacket: female : maleAge: quite young, about thirty Age: about forty-fiveHeight: really tall Height: very tallHair: blond Hair: very long, darkOthers: carrying red flowers Others: no flower; wearing a T-shirt saying“Bruce Springs is the Boss”Section C Taking a PhotoTask 4 a4 b5 c2 d6 e3 f1Task 56 4 2 3 1 5 photo, coin, stool, dial, background, flashSection D Apartments for RentTask 6express bag service Major cities 410 Buy a bag in advance.Call for a quick pick up. day service Within the city $8 They will go to you.road service Any town Depends on For larger packagesDistance and weightFor further details call:Ask: for the sales departmentPart III Listening Comprehension Test1-10: BDBBB/ABDCC。

研究生听说教程Unit_1_listening

Keys 1.stamp collecting 2. miniature works of art on every possible subject 3. Yard work 4. Make gardens beautiful 5. Transformer collecting 6. A way of life
2. A) Only young people can be addicted to the Internet. B) Internet addicts include both children and adults. C)There are more adult addicts then teenage addicts. D) Young addicts account for a larger part of Nicholson’s patients 3. A) Some learn how to deal with their relationships with others. B) Some may get into trouble over money issues. C) Most of them commit suicide in the end. D) Most of them care more about their possessions.
L ISTENING FOR CONTENT
① listening to a conversation A Listen to a conversation about Internet addiction. After the conversation, some questions will be asked about what was said. Write down a short answer to each question. Vocabulary

研究生英语视听说教程单元1

研究生英语视听说教程单元1U n i t O n e Language and CulturePart 1 English and Its OriginTask 1Directions: Listen to the following passage about variations of English. You will hear it three times. During the first reading, you should listen carefully for a general idea of the whole passage. During the secondreading, you are required to fill in the missing information by either using the words you have justheard or writing down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read the thirdtime, you can check what you have written.In Great Britain at present the speech of educated persons is known as Received Standard English. A class dialect rather than a regional dialect, it is based on the type of speech cultivated at such schools as Eton and Harrow and at such of the older universities as (1) _________________________. Many English people who speak regional dialects in their childhood (2) ________________________________________________________while attending school and university. Its influence has become even stronger in recent years (3) ________________________________________________as the British Broadcasting Corp.An important development of English outside Great Britain occurred with the colonization of North America. American English may be considered to include the English spoken in Canada, although (4) ____________________________________________________________ andvocabulary. The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary.(5)_____________________________________________________________ __________________________. Written American English also has a tendency to be more rigid in matters of grammar and syntax, (6) ____________________________________________________________________ __. Despite these differences, it is often difficult to determine—apart from context—whether serious literary works have been written in Great Britain or the U.S./Canada—or, for that matter, in Australia, New Zealand, or South Africa.Task 2Directions: Listen to the following passage the history of the English language. The passage will be read only once. After listening, decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, give abrief explanation..1. Old English was mainly a mixture of some Germanic languages.2. Old English is more like modern French than modern German.3. The Normans brought many Latin words to the British Isles and added them to Old English.4. Many words from Scandinavian languages were also brought into Old English as a result of the settlement of Viking invaders in England.5. After England was conquered by the Normans, the upper class in England learned Norman French becauseEnglish was forbidden.6. The French-influenced language of England from about1100 to 1485 is now called Middle English7. By the end of the 1300’s, the French influence declined sharply in England because the Normans becameincreasingly distant from the English society.8. By 1485, the English language was spoken in many parts of the world as the English explored and colonizedsuch areas as Africa, Australia, India and North America.Task 3Directions: Listen to the following passage about characteristics of English. The passage will be read only once.After listening, choose the best answer from the four suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D to eachof the questions you hear.1. A. 60,000 B. 600,000 C. 6,000,000 D. 60,000,0002. A. Latin B. French C. German D. Italian3. A. Because many English words were borrowed from other languages.B. Because many English words were formed by combining other words.C. Because many English words are spelled similarly but pronounced differently, or vice versa.D.Because the pronunciation of some words remained the same, though their spellingchanged.4. A. Pronouns B. Nouns C. Verbs D. Adverbs5. A. They are used to express relationships between function words in a sentence.B.They are used to show the structural meanings of the sentence.C.They are used to carry the basic vocabulary meanings.D.They are used to indicate variations of words.6. A. One B. Two C. Three D. FourPart 2 Language and Language LearningTask 1Directions:You are going to hear a passage about American English spelling reform. The passage will be read twice. After listening, you are expected to complete the following sentences, based on what you haveheard.1.In addition to his well-known American Dictionary of the English Language published in1828,__________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________.2.Webster’s books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by________________________________________________________________ ____________________.3.The development of a specifically American variety of English ______________ ______________.4.Some of Webster’s most successful changes were spellings with or instead of our(honor, labor for theBritish honour, labour) and ______ __ ___________5.And other changes were spellings with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence);with a final ck instead of que(check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and ____________________________________________________________________ ___________________.6.Canadian spelling varies between the British and Americanforms, __________________________________________.Task 2Directions: You are going to hear a passage about development of language. The passage will be read only once.After listening, you are expected to answer the following questions as briefly as you can in your ownwords.1.How long has language probably existed?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________2.According to the passage, how did language come into being?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________3.What is the first real evidence of language?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ /doc/631457930.html,nguages change. Please name one of the reasons why changes take place.________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________5.Do languages become better, worse or different?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________6.Why do languages change even more slowly in modern industrial societies?________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Task 3Directions: You are going to listen to a passage about learning a foreign language. The passage will be read only once. After listening, you are expected to choose the best answer from the four suggested choicesmarked A, B, C, and D to each of the questions you hear.1. A. Reasons for learning a foreign language.B. Skills in mastering a foreign language.C. The importance of age in language learning.D. Common issues involved in language learning.2. A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five3. A. There are many important reasons for learning a foreign language.B. Foreign language can help add to your knowledge of your own language.C. Foreign language can help add to your knowledge of another language.D. Learning a foreign language helps you add to your general stock of information.4. A. He can speak and write.B. He can understand.C. He can read.D. He can make himself understood in speech and writing.5. A. Attitude of the person learning it.B. Motivation of the person learning it.C. Age of the person learning it.D. The way the person learns it.6. A. Before the age of 10.B. Around the age of 10.C. After the age of 10.D. At the age of 10.Part 3 Culture and CommunicationTask 1Directions: You are going to hear a passage about how cultures change. The passage will be read twice. While listening, you are expected to take down the main points of the passage according to the hintsprovided.All parts of a culture do not change at the same time.Sometimes,_________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________ At other times, ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________Characteristics of cultural change include:Diffusion:__________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _____ Acculturation: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ _______________ Assimilation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Task 2Directions: You are going to hear a passage about communicative style in interpersonal situations. The passage will be read twice. After listening, you are expected to summarize orally what you have heard. Yoursummary should be based on the hints provided.1.Differences in communicative style of different nationalities.2.What communicative style refers to.3.The influence of culture on people’s use and understanding of communicative style.Task 3Directions: You are going to listen to a passage about American small talk. The passage will be read only once.After listening, you are expected to choose the best answer from the four suggested choices marked A,B, C, and D to each of the questions you hear.1. A. Controversial topics of American small talk.B. General topics of American small talk.C. Political topics of American small talk.D. Recreational topics of American small talk.2. A. Sports B. News itemsC. Physical surroundingsD. Family matters3. A. Their social lives B. Their recreational interestsC. Their teachers and classesD. Their favorite stars4. A. Because they are too formal topics which makeAmericans uncomfortable.B. Because they are controversial topics which often lead to arguments .C. Because they are intellectual topics in which not all the Americans are interested.D. Because they are not Americans' understandable topics.5. A. Because politics is the most appropriate topic for their discussion.B. Because they can learn a lot from their discussion of politics.C. Because politics has more to do with their lives and work.D. Because discussing politics is their favorite way to kill the time.6. A. Personal concerns.B. Social lives.C. Financial matters.D. Interpersonal relations.S S c c r r i i p p t t s s f f o o r r U U n n i i t t O O n n e ePart 1 English and Its OriginTask 1In Great Britain at present the speech of educated persons is known as Received Standard English. A class dialect rather than a regional dialect, it is based on the type of speech cultivated at such schools as Eton and Harrow and at such of the older universities as Oxford and Cambridge. Many English people who speak regional dialects in their childhood acquire Received Standard English while attending school and university. Its influence has become even stronger in recent years because of its use by such public media as the British Broadcasting Corp.An important development of English outside Great Britainoccurred with the colonization of North America. American English may be considered to include the English spoken in Canada, although the Canadian variety retains some features of British pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary. The most distinguishing differences between American English and British English are in pronunciation and vocabulary. There are slighter differences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well. Written American English also has a tendency to be more rigid in matters of grammar and syntax, but at the same time appears to be more tolerant of the use of neologisms. Despite these differences, it is often difficult to determine—apart from context—whether serious literary works have been written in Great Britain or the U.S./Canada—or, for that matter, in Australia, New Zealand, or South Africa.Task 2The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods. The language of the first period, which began about 500 and ended about 1100, is called Old English. During the next period, from about 1100 to 1485, the people spoke Middle English. The language of the period from about 1485 to the present is known as Modern English.Old English was mainly a mixture of the Germanic languages of the Angles, Jutes, and Saxons. Old English resembles modern German more than it does modern English. The vocabulary of Old English was chiefly Germanic, though some words came from the language of the Celts. The Germanic people had learned some Latin words while they lived on the European continent. These people brought some of those words to the British Isles and added them to Old English. More Latin words were added during the 500's and the 600's, when Christianity spread in England.During the late 800's, Viking invaders from Denmark and Norway settled in northeast England. As a result, many words from Scandinavian languages became part of Old English. In 1066, England was conquered by the Normans, a people from the area in France that is now called Normandy. Their leader, William the Conqueror, became king of England. The Normans took control of all English institutions, including the government and the church.Most of the English people continued to speak English. However, many of the members of the upper class in England learned Norman French because they wanted influence and power. The use of French words eventually became fashionable in England. The English borrowed thousands of these words and made them part of their own language. The French-influenced language of England during this period is now called Middle English. The Normans intermarried with the English and, through the years, became increasingly distant--socially, economically, and culturally--from France. The Normans began to speak English in daily life. By the end of the 1300's, the French influence had declined sharply in England. English was used again in the courts and in business affairs, where French had replaced it.By about 1485, English had lost most of its Old English inflections, and its pronunciation and word order closely resembled those of today. During this period, the vocabulary of English expanded by borrowing words from many other languages. Beginning in the 1600's, the language spread throughout the world as the English explored and colonized Africa, Australia, India, and North America. Different dialects of the English language developed inthese areas.Task 3English language is the most widely spoken language in the world. It is used as either a primary or secondary language in many countries.English has a larger vocabulary than any other language. There are more than 600,000 words in the largest dictionaries of the English language.Some English words have been passed on from generation to generation expressing basic ideas and feelings. Later, many words were borrowed from other languages, including Arabic, French, German, Greek, Italian, Latin, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from Arabic, fashion from French, piano from Italian, and canyon from Spanish. A number of English words were formed by combining other words. Words can also be shortened to form new words.Pronunciation and spelling in English sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include cough, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to, too, and shoe, have similar pronunciations but are spelled differently. Many of these variations show changes that occurred during the development of English. The spelling of some words remained the same through the centuries, though their pronunciation changed.Grammar is the set of principles used to create sentences. These principles define the elements used to assemble sentences and the relationships between the elements. The elements include parts of speech and inflections.Some modern scholars divide the parts of speech into two categories, content words and function words. Content words are the main parts of speech--nouns, verbs, adverbs, and adjectives--and carry the basic vocabulary meanings. Function words express relationships between content words in a sentence. They show the grammatical, or structural, meanings of the sentence and are also called structure classes. Function words include articles, prepositions, pronouns, and conjunctions.English has fewer inflections than most other European languages. An inflection is a variation of the form of a word that gives the word a different meaning or function. An English noun has only two inflections, the plural and the possessive. Inflections are used to change the tense and number of a verb or the case of a pronoun. Inflections can change adjectives to the comparative or the superlative--for example, big, bigger, biggest.Questions:1.According to the largest dictionaries, approximately how many words are there in the English language?2.Many English words were borrowed from other languages. From which language was the word Pianoborrowed ?3.Why do English pronunciation and spelling sometimes seem illogical or inconsistent?4.Which of the following parts of speech does not belong to the category of content words?5.What is the function of content words, according to this passage?6.How many inflections does an English noun have?Part 2 language And Language LearningTask 1American English spelling differs from British English spelling largely because of one man, American lexicographer Noah Webster. In addition to his well-known American Dictionary ofthe English Language published in1828, Webster published The American Spelling Book in 1783, with many subsequent editions. TheAmerican Spelling Book became one of the most widely used schoolbooks in American history. Webster’s books sought to standardize spelling in the United States by promoting the use of an American language that intentionally differed from British English. The development of a specifically American variety of English mirrored the new country’s separate political development. Some of Webster’s most successful chan ges were spellings with or instead of our (honor, labor for the British honour, labour) and with er instead of re (center, theater for the British centre, theatre). And other changes were spellings with an s instead of a c (defense, license for the British defence, licence); with a final ck instead of que (check, mask for the British cheque, masque); and without a final k (traffic, public, now also used in British English, for the older traffick, publick). Later spelling reform created a few other differences, such as program for British programme.Canadian spelling varies between the British and American forms, more British in eastern Canada and more American in western Canada.Task 2No one knows how language began. Because all people who are not disabled have the ability to speak, language has probably existed at least as long as the modern human species. Most scholars believe that language developed very slowly from sound, such as grunts, barks and hoots, made by prehuman creatures. According to this view, a simple system of vocal communication became more complex as the human brain and speech organs evolved. But no one knows when and how this process took place.In fact, there is no record of language for most of its existence. The first real evidence of language is writing. But scholars believe that writing did not appear until thousands of years after the origin of language. The earliest known written records are Sumerian word-pictures made about 3500B.C. and Egyptian hieroglyphics that date from about 3000 B. C.. Written Chinese dates from perhaps 1500B.C., Greek from about 1400B.C., and Latin from about 500 B.C..No one knows all the reasons why languages change, but they continue to do so as long as people speak them. In a few cases, the changes can be explained. For examples, words are added to a vocabulary to refer to new ideas or objects. Contacts between speakers of different languages may cause words from one language to enter into another language.Most language changes occur for unknown reasons. Languages do not become better or worse, only different. The change is very slow. Speakers of English may notice differences between how they and other English speakers talk and may also recognize certain changes in their own speech. But these differences do not make English speakers think that they are changing from one language to another. If present-day speakers of English try to read Old English, however, they find that it is as unlike modern English as are French or German. In modern industrial societies, language changes take place even more slowly. Educational systems and such centralized communication systems as radio and television promote the use of a standard form of a language. Under these conditions, a language is likely to remain more stable. However, language will probably never stop changing entirely.Task 3There are many important reasons for learning a foreign language. Among them are the following: (1) Learning a foreign language increases your range of communication. For example, if you speak only English, you can communicate with over 400 million other speakers. If you also learn Spanish, you could speak to any of the 371 million Spanish-speaking people in Latin America, Spain, and other parts of the world. (2) A foreign language can help you add to your knowledge of your own language. For example, by studying Latin, you can improve your understanding of many of the thousands of English words that have Latin root. (3) Learning a foreign language helps you add to your general stock of information. A foreign language can be a key that unlocks new fields of knowledge. If you learn German you will be able to read books that are written in German on almost any subject you may wish to study.Learning any language involves four skills: (1) speaking, (2) understanding, (3) reading, and (4) writing. If you understand a foreign language, and can make yourself understood in speech and writing, you have mastered it.No language is easy or difficult in itself. The ease or difficulty of any language depends on the age of the person learning it. Before the age of 10, all languages are equally easy when learned by the natural speaking method ( listening and imitating ). After 10, learning a language becomes more difficult. Therefore, it is desirable to learn foreign languages as early as possible. Some schools start foreign language instruction in kindergarten or in the primary grades.Questions:1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.How many important reasons for learning a foreignlanguage does the passage list?3.What point does the author illustrate by the examp le “studying Latin”?4.According to the passage, what does it mean to say one has mastered a language?5.On what does the ease or difficulty of learning any language depend?6.At what age are all languages equally easy when learned by the natural speaking method?Part 3 Culture and CommunicationTask 1Every culture changes. But all parts of a culture do not change at the same time. Science and technology may sometimes change so rapidly that they lessen the importance of customs, ideas, and other nonmaterial parts of a culture. At other times, changes in ideas and social systems may occur before changes in technology. The failure of certain parts of a culture to keep up with other related parts is referred to as cultural lag. No society is so isolated that it does not come in contact with other societies. When contact occurs, societies borrow cultural traits from one another. As a result, cultural traits and patterns tend to spread from the society in which they originated. This spreading process is called diffusion. Corn growing, for example, began in what is now Mexico thousands of years ago and eventually spread throughout the world.Diffusion can occur without firsthand contact between cultures. Products or patterns may move from group A to group C through group B without any contact between group A and group C. Today, diffusion is rapid and widespread because many cultures of the world are linked through advanced means oftransportation and communication.When two cultures have continuous, firsthand contact with each other, the exchange of cultural traits is called acculturation. Acculturation has often occurred when one culture has colonized or conquered another, or as a result of trade. In addition to adopting each other's traits, the two cultures may blend traits. For example, if the people of the cultures speak different languages, they may develop a mixed language called pidgin in order to communicate. The cultures may also exchange or blend such traits as clothing, dances, music, recipes, and tools. Through acculturation, parts of the culture of one or both groups change, but the groups remain distinct. In this way, acculturation differs from assimilation. Through assimilation, one group becomes part of another group and loses its separate identity.Task 2Pushy Greeks. Shy Chinese. Opinionated Germans. Emotional Mexicans, Brazilians, and Italians. Cold British. Loud Africans. These are among the stereotypes or general ideas Americans have about some other nationalities. In part, these stereotypes arise from differences in what is call ed “communicative style.”When people talk to each other, they exhibit a communicative style that is strongly influenced by their culture.Communicative style refers to (1) the topics people prefer to discuss, (2) their favorite forms of interaction in conversation, (3) the depth to which they want to get involved with each other, (4) the communication channels (verbal or nonverbal) on which they rely, and (5) the level of meaning (“factual” vs. “emotional”) to which they are most attuned.Naturally, people prefer to use their own communicative style. Issues about communicative style rarely arise when twopeople from the same culture are together because their styles generally agree. Most people—including most Americans—are as unaware of their communicative style as they are of their basic values and assumptions. Foreigners who understand something about the Americans’ communicative style will be less likely to misinterpret or misjudge Americans than will foreigners who don’t know the common characteristi cs of interpersonal communication among Americans. They will also have a better understanding of some of the stereotypes Americans have about other nationality groups.Task 3When Americans first encounter another person, they engage in a kind of conversation they call "small talk." The most common topic of small talk is the weather; another very common topic is the speakers' current physical surroundings--the room or building they are in, the sidewalk where they are standing, or whatever is appropriate. Later, after the preliminaries, Americans may talk about past experiences they have both had, such as watching a particular TV program, going to New York, or eating at a particular restaurant.Beyond these very general topics of small topic, there is variation according to the life situation of the people involved and the setting in which the conversation is taking place. Students are likely to talk about their teachers and classes; if they are of the same sex, they are likely to discuss their social lives. Adults may discuss their jobs, recreational interests, houses, or family matters. Men are likely to talk about sports or cars. Housewives, whose numbers are steadily decreasing in American society, are likely to talk about their children, if they have any, or about household matters or personal care.。

高等学校研究生英语系列教材(听说教程)(上)Unit1解析

L: Hi Maria. Addiction is not a word that should be taken lightly. Some argue that we are exaggerating concerns about Internet addiction. People don’t expect the computer and the Internet to be a problem.
M: My colleagues here don’t see it as a negative thing or something to be afraid of. They assume that web addiction is mostly a young person’s problem.
dolls or cartoons, yard work, mow the lawn and spread fertilizer, only retired people took up, I enjoyed making my yard beautiful

William:
Transformers! Optimus Prime and Megatron! Those 1) ____from 1980s that would turn into cars and planes. That’s why I became a 2) ____. Few people can claim to be as big 3) ____as I am. I have an entire room in my house dedicated to them, over 700 Transformers from every generation, as well as many posters and tons of other collectible items. 4) ____is not just a hobby to me--- 5) _____.

高等学校研究生英语系列教材(听说教程)(上)Unit1

M: Pathological? So it’s really a disease.
L: Absolutely. They use the web to the point where it can change moods or create negative consequences in relationships, financial situations or legal matters. Some online gamers play constantly, days in a row. Some spend days online murdering others in search of virtual possessions. Some remain isolated in their actual lives, but only talk to strangers online to enter another life. Most addicts have a kind of fixation. They throw themselves into an imaginary world.
L: Hi Maria. Addiction is not a word that should be taken lightly. Some argue that we are exaggerating concerns about Internet addiction. People don’t expect the computer and the Internet to be a problem.
Childhood Hobbies
Luther:
My hobby is 1)_____. I started at the age of 2)___, and I’ve been collecting stamps ever since. Stamps are 3) _____. They’re miniature works of art, covering just about every subject you can think of. Sometimes stamps are 4) _____as they got older, and I guess that’s one of the s they are 5) _____ by many collectors.

研究生视听说教程听力部分

UNIT 1ONE：When many people in the west China, the animal that they think of is the . For them, the dragon is an monster that fire. Many popular tell of how dragons killed brave knights and ate beautiful maidens.For Chinese people, however, the dragon is not an evil monster. It’s a cultural and symbol for ______and good luck. The dragon’s main task is to create and bring rain. Dragons are celebrated in art and , and of course the dragon dance is a very popular . Millions of Chinese have the word ‘long’, meaning dragon, as part of their name.1. think of2. Dragon3. Aggressive4. Breathes5. Legends6. Spiritual7. Prosperity8. Harmony9. Architecture 10.ritualTWO:1. English people, in general, are and not very open. Compared with the English people, Americansare more .2. When the interviewee first went to England, she was considered and too too soon.3. It takes a to make friends with the English people. But once a friend is made, it is afriend .4. The Americans like to talk with an Englishman because they love his and his country, whileAmericans in England are considered inferior because of their and their language.5. When talking with each other, Americans stand while English people like a certain .1. cold…outgoing2. Overpowering …friendly3. Friendly for life4. accent loud behavior5. Closer distanceUNIT 31. Oxford is the university in the English-speaking world, a city that and education, a place where you can think , where you can grow , an institution that has been world changing leaders for over 800 years, and the finest men across the globe. At Oxford, you have all the resources of Oxford University at your fingertips, some of the libraries, academic departments, and research labs in the world.2. As a student at the Oxford University, you become a member of an Oxford College, which contains a wealth of and , the colleges have their own academic and individual . The College has its own , library, cultural groups and sports teams.3. Oxford has excellent and it is one hour from London and Heathrow Airport.1.Blend in. Make sure you are aware of British . Have a few and handy for yourhousemates and friends.2.Be _ . Sometimes or even slices of can give you a head start in making friends.3.Be . The more active you are, the more likely you’ll be to meet new people.4.Bring a . Keep your door when you are in and that sends positive messages to yourneighbors that you’re friendly.UNIT 41. The man in looks like the mayor of their city.2. The besides our school gate is donated by them.3. One girl wants to come back with her to this school when they are old.4. Only the of this university are invited to the reunion.5. The two girls are here to serve them .1. grey suit2. statue3. boyfriend4. graduates5. tea and snacks1. The National Retail Federation says nearly will be spent on SuperBowl-related purchases.2. Super Bowl game features new and a lavish half-time show with top names in entertainment.3. For some retailers, Super Bowl game is a huge .1. 9 billion dollars/$ 9 billion2. Commercials3. PaydayUNIT 51. Web hosting companies provide for people to and their Websites.2. I’d like to work in support, you know, helping customers resolve problems with theirsites.3. They provide insurance, two weeks of a year, and opportunities for advancement.4. Well, you know, more might help you land a better job.5. I’m just seeing my current job at McDonalds as a .1. space store run2. technical computer-related3. health paid vacation4. training5. Startup1. A little more than ago, Google was an internet startup headquartered in a garage.2. For the second straight year, it’s also No.1 on .3. What’s fueling this growth? Employees say it’s the , of course, and the .4. It just seems like a responsible thing to do to first show that our corporation can , but also we can do in a way that makes sense to our bottom line.5). I went to Larry and Sergey and proposed that we .1. a decade2. Fortune’s Best Companies to Work for list。

研究生英语听说课件Unit1

About Duty Report
• The task will be done in turn from the first student to the last one. (Will be started on the 2nd time of the course) • It is a kind of ―Free-talk‖. You can share with all of us any experience you had, or any interesting but instructive news you learned. (Best with PPT and pictures) • Can be done in groups. (The student on duty should be the group- leader.)
how to start a conversation
• Step-5: Keep the conversation going with small talk. This keeps the conversation light and simple, which is especially useful for people who are still getting to know one another better. Use small talk to establish rapport(relations) and similarities rather than set each other up for an opinionated (arbitrary固执的、武断的) argument.
how to start a conversation

研究生听说教程Unit_1_listening

Keys 1-4 B D A A
③Listening to English news A Listen to the following news about shopping addiction and fill in the blanks with what you hear. Vocabulary compulsive shopper 购物狂 outrageous 毫无节制的 spree 无节制的狂热行为 aisle 过道 binge buy 疯狂购买
A.
autobots汽车人 decepticons霸天虎
Vocabularey miniature 微型的，缩小的 fertilizer 肥料
Name Luther Sarah William 1) 3) 5)
Hobbies
The significance of their hobbies They are 2) She enjoys 4) It is 6) . . to him.
keys
1-4 A B B D
②Listening to a passage A Are you good at your hobbies? Do your hobbies bring as much pleasure as they used to? Listen to the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given to each question you hear. Vocabulary nerd 乏味落伍的人 slaughter 屠杀，杀戮 tights 紧身衣
3. A) Hobbies are supposed to bring pleasure to people. B) If a person takes up a hobby, he should work hard at it. C) Dancing and jogging don’t bring much fun to people. D) Self-improvement is an important factor for taking up hobbies. 4. A) The speaker simply wants to have a good time. B) The speaker is no good at dancing, singing and drawing. C) The speaker dislikes people being so-so in any activity. D) The speaker is often laughed at by others.

Unit1-12研究生英语听说教程答案

Unit1-12研究生英语听说教程答案《Unit1-12 研究生英语听说教程答案》在研究生阶段，英语听说能力的提升对于学术研究和未来职业发展都具有重要意义。

而《Unit1-12 研究生英语听说教程》则是帮助我们实现这一目标的重要工具。

然而，要找到准确且全面的答案并非易事。

首先，让我们来看 Unit1 的内容。

这一单元通常会涉及一些基础的英语听说技巧和常见场景，比如自我介绍、日常问候等。

对于听力部分的答案，需要我们仔细捕捉对话中的关键信息，如人物的身份、地点、时间等。

而在口语练习中，答案的重点在于发音的准确性、语调的自然以及表达的流畅性。

例如，当被要求进行自我介绍时，答案可能会包含个人的姓名、专业、研究兴趣以及未来的目标等方面，同时要注意语法的正确使用。

进入 Unit2，可能会聚焦于学术讨论和专业领域的交流。

听力材料可能是关于学术报告或者学术研讨会的片段，这就要求我们具备一定的专业词汇储备和对学术语境的理解能力。

答案中，我们需要准确分辨出不同学者的观点、研究方法以及存在的争议点。

在口语练习方面，可能会涉及对某个学术问题的阐述和讨论，答案应体现出清晰的逻辑思维、准确的专业术语运用以及对相关理论的理解。

随着课程的推进，Unit3 或许会引入一些更具挑战性的听说任务，比如模拟国际会议中的交流或者跨文化沟通的场景。

此时，对于听力答案的把握，不仅要理解语言表面的意思，还要洞察不同文化背景下的交流方式和潜在的文化差异。

而口语练习的答案则要注重展示对多元文化的尊重和适应能力，避免因文化误解而导致的沟通障碍。

在 Unit4 中，可能会着重训练我们在商务场景中的英语听说能力。

这包括商务谈判、商务报告等内容。

听力部分的答案需要我们敏锐地捕捉到价格、合同条款、市场趋势等关键信息。

而口语练习的答案则要体现出专业、自信和有效的沟通技巧，比如清晰地表达自己的观点、回应对方的质疑以及寻求共赢的解决方案。

来到 Unit5，可能会涉及到科技领域的相关话题。

研究生视听说听力材料

Unit 1 Famous PeopleAs the owner of a small business selling software I find it hard to recruit good people in today‘s tight labor market and having got people on board, there is an equally, if not more difficult task of keeping them happy.Staff turnover is a real problem. Twoyears ago our staff turnover at Epmus plc was out of control. We were consistentlylosing staff across the spectrumfrom clerical workers to senior managers, Butour real worry was the skilled technical people who were leaving us. They comprised a bulk of our work force so we brought in a group of consultants to help usfigure out why they were leaving. It wasn‘t too difficult to see what had gone wrong. Getting new recruits to deal with clients without any specialist training wasn‘t a g ood idea. We were putting our staff in an unfair position, especially when they had to reach sales targets. Nor was the system of evaluating employee performance only once a year a good idea. It meant we won ' t pick up potential problems early enough. So having conducted our assessment we established a formal plan to retain the people who had worked so hard to recruit and hire. We laid out specific steps for communicating with ourstaff. Firstly, every year we close down the company and invite our entire staff to an off-site meeting. We talk shop and it gives us a chance to reinforce what the company vision is. It is after allessential that everyone is aware of where we are goingand what we have to achieve. Then to build on this ground work, the session managers send e-mail messages every 3 months to describe any modifications there have been to that division, as the process took hold we noticed that doing this quarterly wasn‘t adequate. As a result i now have a meeting once a week with the managers whoare directly responsible to me to review and revise their department goals. However, in my view, communicating theplan of where the company is headed is something let medown on a continual basis ever amid the often chaotic day-to-day undertakings of our fast-growing company. I think that this jogs to the memory or to be incorporated into every CEOs usual interaction with their staff. Our staff turnover ratehas fallen to just over 30 percent this yearwhich we were very pleased with. And thesteps we took might prove useful to other entrepreneurs. There are key things that need to be done. For example, set up meetings every 3 months or so with your most important personnel and use these occasions to provide feedback, and talk about any problems the staff may have. In addition, make sure new recruits are put through a proper 2-week training period and spend time with a mentor who has been formally delegated to look after them and answer their questions.Also when looking to retain staff, don‘t just focus on compensation. Bear in mind that when it comes to keeping people you need to show publicity that you value their contribution. There are also other methods of rewarding staff who stay with you, such as stock options and in the long term our goal is for all employees to be receiving these.Unit 2 Growing PainsYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of deep springs of life.Youth means temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in aman of 60 more than in a boy of 20. Nobody grows older merely by the number of years. We grow older by deserting our ideals.Years may wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul. Worry, fear, self-distrust bows the heart and turn the spirit back to dust.Whether 60 or 16, there is in every human being‘s hear t the lureof wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what‘s next, and the joy of the game of living.In the cente r of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from man and from the infinite, so long are you young.When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you are grown old, even at 20; but as long as the aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope that you may die young at 80.Unit 3 Sports and GamesPlay is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of freedom and connectionthat can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the top five benefits of play here.Play can stimulate you to think differently. It can go against all the rules, and change the same old boring way of doing things. Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to oppose the common wisdom changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuckin a fixed and boring way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and invite your inner child out and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking shifts the new world of discovery.Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if every human spent time each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has brought a smile to your face. Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, and a feeling of inner peace. Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and watch your joy factor rise!Play is known to reduce stress. Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it isinstinctive and basic to human existence.With regular play, our problem-solving and adaptive abilities will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose healthy answers to challenging situations as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and add a feeling of relaxation to our daily living.Play can stimulate the imagination, curiosity (18), and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ?hands-on' and ?minds-on' learning process. It produces a deeper, more meaningful understanding of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out various possible situations.Unit 4 Culture and Corporate CultureSome of the best American companies today have turned themselves upside down. They‘ve found the old top-down pyramid style management chart doesn‘t work. So they‘ve flipped the pyramid over, giving employees more say in what goes on. And it works, as evidenced in improved sales and earnings.Interested in inverting the pyramid in your operation? Here are some tips:Challenge employees to come up with their own better ways to do their jobs, You may be surprised at how valuable some of their suggestions are.Seek out ideas from everyone, not just those who have a direct involvement with the job,Sometimes good ideas come from unlikely resources.Tr eat employees with honesty and respect. Don‘t dictate to them if they are not going to have their ideas enacted. Explain the reasons that underline a decision or policy.Spread authority around. If the largest part of the pyramid is to be at the top, the top people should have authority.At one auto plant any worker who sees a problem can shut down the whole assembly line until the problem is solved. By giving employees more control over their work environment and more involvement in running their jobs, you tap into a valuable source of ideas and productivity—and that pays off for everyone.Unit 5 Science and TechnologyRight Reverend Lord HARRIES(Member, House of Lords; Former Bishop, Oxford for the Church of England): Now you ask, what is the relationship between scientific theory and Christianfaith? The simplest way of thinking is to say, well, they're really answering different questions.Science is trying to address the question, how do things happen. And in answer to that, you get the theory of evolution. Things happened over millions and millions of years by a very gradual process through natural causes.PALCA: But Harries says if you ask why did things happen, then you get a completely different answer. It's the why of life that belongs in the spiritual domain. Harries says the problems some religions have with Darwin and evolution come from a literal interpretation of the Bible. And he says, while the Bible contains profound truths, it's not word for word true.Right Rev. Lord HARRIES: First of all, take the issue of the age of the Earth. I mean, do people really think that the universe is only4,000 years old where every science - chemistry, paleontology, physics, astronomy- every single science points with huge amounts of evidence to the Earth being billions of years old and the universe being even more billions of years old.So you just have to ask people, what do they make - do they think that the vast majority of scientists in every scientific discipline on Earth are liars?PALCA: In the beginning - in other words, in 1859 when "On theOrigin of Species" was published, the church was uncomfortable with Darwin's theories. But clearly, that position has changed.So much so that recently, a spokesman for the Church of England wrote an article saying the church might owe Darwin an apology for its initial resistance to evolution. The Rev. Dr. Malcolm Brown says some people misread his comments to say the church was, in fact, apologizing.Reverend Dr. MALCOLM BROWN(Director of Mission and Public Affairs, Church of England): I suggested than an apology might be owed, which isa slightly different thing. I don't have the authority to make it.My point was that by raising doubts about Darwin at the beginning, by getting our first reaction wrong, even though as the Church of England, we pretty quickly got OK with Darwin, we legitimized,to some extent, later movements, particularly in the States in the early 20th century, to raise creationism as an ideology and make Darwina whipping boy.Unit 6 LiteratureThere are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumptionthat drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world –even the seasonal changes as unpredictable, and they sought through various means tocontrol these unknown and feared power. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then retainedand repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. As time passed some rituals were explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and customers were almost used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the ― acting area ‖ and the ― auditorium ‖. In addition, there were performers, and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leader usually assumed that task, wearing masks and costumes often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect –success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun –as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.Another theory traces the theater ' s origin from the humaninterest instorytelling. According to this view tales ( about the hunt , war, or other feats ) aregradually elaborated at first through the use of impersonation, action, anddialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by adifferent person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations if animal movements and sounds.。

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书（上）第一单元原文

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说学生用书（上）第一单元原文Lesson 1 Music1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant about our new health program?W: I contacted his office but his secretary said he would be out for lunch until two.Q: What does the woman mean? b. She couldn't talk to the consultant before two.2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity concert, but we don't have much money for advertising.M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service announcements.Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help.3. W: I don't understand why this book for self-study doesn't have answers to the questions.M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book.Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. The book does include the answers.4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before.W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful.Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? b. He probably has a poor memory.5. M: Have you had the brakes and tires checked? And do you have enough money?W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful trip.Q: What's the woman going to do? d. Spend some time traveling.6. M: I've had my new stereo for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out how to record music.W: Didn't any instruction manual come with it?Q: What does the woman imply? b. The man should refer to the instruction manual.7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But,I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet,M: Oh, but I have.Q: What does the man mean? a. He has received his telephone bill.8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read.W: He must think you don't have any other classes.Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? b. He assigns too much work.9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks tonight.W: I have tickets to the theater.Q: What does the woman mean? b. She has plans for the evening.10. M: I am exhausted. I stayed up the whole night studying for my history midterm exam.W: Why do you always wait till the last minute?Q: What can be inferred about the man? a. He has bad study habits.11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to packa change of clothes.W: It's only a barbecue. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine.Q: What does the woman imply? d. Casual dress will be appropriate.12. W: I'm going to the snack bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something?M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me?Q: What does the man mean? c. He wants the woman to get him a newspaper.13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated.W: Let me have a look, OK?Q: What does the woman mean? c. She'll try to see what method was used.14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us?M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? b. Ask Carol to play tennis.15. W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?M: Y ou know, money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.Q: What does the man mean? a. He doesn't have enough money to buy a printer now.Passage I American MusicOne of America's most important exports is her modern music. American music is played all over the world. It is enjoyed by the people of all ages in all countries. Al-though the lyrics are English, people not speaking English enjoy it.The reasons for its popularity are its fast pace and rhythmic beat.The music has many origins in the United States. Countrymusic, coming from the rural areas in the southern United States, is one source. Country music features simple themes and melodies describing day-to-day situations and the feelings of country people. Many people appreciate this music because of the emotions expressed by country music songs.A second origin of American popular music is the blues. It depicts mostly sad feelings reflecting the difficult lives of American blacks. It is usually played and sung by black musicians, but it is popular with all Americans.Rock music is a newer form of music. This music style, featuring fast and repetitious rhythms, was influenced by the blues and country music. It was first known as rock-and-roll in the 1950s. Since then there have been many forms of rock music: hard rock, soft rock, disco music and others. Many performers of popular music are young musicians.American popular music is marketed to a demanding audience. Now popular songs are heard on the radio several times a day. Some songs have become popular all over the world. People hear these songs sung in their original English or sometimes translated into other languages. The words may differ but the enjoyment of the music is universal.1. Which group of people enjoy American music?a. Americans.b. People speaking English.c. People not speaking English.d. All of the above.2. Why is American music so popular in all countries?d. Because it has a fast pace and rhythmic beat.3; What can be learned from the passage?a.People enjoy country music because it expresses their happy feelings.4. What do you know from the passage?c. Rock music was influenced by the blues and country music.5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?c. T he words of the songs differ, and so does the enjoyment of the music.Passage II: Music in Different CulturesIn western culture music is regarded as good by birth, and sounds that are welcome are said to be "music to the ears". In some other cultures -- for example, Islamic culture -- it is of low value, associated with sin and evil. In the West and in the high cultures of Asia, it is said that there are three types of music. First, classical music, composed and performed by trained professionals originally under the support of courts and religious establishments; second, folk music, shared by the population at large and passed on orally, and third, popular music, performed by professionals, spread through radio, television, records, film, and print, and consumed by the urban mass public.Music is a major component in religious services, theater, and entertainment of all sorts. The most universal use of music is as a part of religious ritual. In some tribal societies, music appears to serve as a special form of communication with supernatural beings, and its prominent use in modern Christian and Jewish services may be the left-over of just such an original purpose. Another less obvious function of music is social adherence. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to". Indeed, some minorities including, inthe U. S.A., black Americans and Euro-American racial groups use music as a major symbol of group identity. Music also symbolizes military, patriotic and funeral moods and events. In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In western music, the interrelationship of conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modern industrial society.1.In what culture is music regarded as good by birth? c. In western culture2. Which of the following is performed by professionals? b. Classical music and popular music.3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?C. Music is a special form of communication with supernatural beings.4. According to the passage, what is the most universal use of music? d. Religious ritual.5. Which of the following is NOT symbolized by music? d. Friendship.II. Listen to the passage again and complete the statements below.1. In some other cultures, music is of low value, associated with sin and evil.2. For most social groups, music can serve as a powerful symbol. Members of most societies share keen feelings as to what kind of music they "belong to".3.In a more general sense, music may express the central social values of a society. In Western culture, the interrelationship between conductor and orchestra symbolizes the need for strong cooperation among various kinds of specialists in a modernindustrial society.PART D Extensive Listening: The Path to PowerDirections: In this part, you are going to hear a longer passage. The passage is printed below with some words and expressions missing. As you listen, fill in each of the blanks with the words or expressions you have heard.I was born into a home which was 1) practical, serious, and intensely 2) religious. Indeed, my father was much in demand as a lay preacher in and around Grantham. Our lives revolved around Methodism. The family went to Sunday Morning Service at 11 o'clock, but before that, I would have gone to morning 3) Sundav School. There was Sunday School again in the afternoon. Later, from about the age of twelve, I played the 4) piano for the smaller children to sing the hymns. Then my parents would usually go out again to the Sunday Evening Service. This I found somewhat too much of a good thing.But on a few occasions I remember trying to get out of going. But when I said to my father that my friends were able to go out for 5) a walk instead, and I would like to 6) join them, he would reply: "Never do things just because 7) other people do them." In fact, this was one of his favorite expressions used when I wanted to learn dancing, or sometimes when I wanted to 8) go to the cinema, or out for the day somewhere. Whatever I felt 9)at the time, the sentiment stood me in good stead, as it did my father. My father's sense of 10) duty, however, always had its 11) gentle side.I remember a 12) discussion between my father and a church-goer about the "prodigal son" of a friend, who after running through his parent's savings, had turned up 13) penniless and with the young family on their doorstep. The church-goerwas clear: The boy was no good, would never be any good and should be shown the door. My father's reply is 14) vivid in my mind: "No," he said, "a son remains a son. And he must be 15) greeted with all the 16) love and warmth of his family when he turns to them. Whatever happens, he must always be able to 17) come home." As this suggests, my father was a man of firm 18) principles. "Your father always stick to his principles,'' as my mother would say. But he did not believe in 19) applying these principles in a way which made life wretched for everyone else. He showed this in his dealings as a local counselor and later olderman, with the vexed 20) question of what could be done on the Sabbath。

第一册视听说Unit1-杨振

教学重点
Talk aboutdifferent forms of news media
Listenhow to follow a narrative in listening
Listenhow to add emphasis in listening
Talk aboutTV programs you like
Mamma Mia!:It tells the story of Sophie and Donna, a single mother. As the daughter of Donna, Sophie longs to discover who her father is, so she secretly invites three paternal candidates to her upcoming wedding. When Sophie walks down the aisle on the wedding day, she wants her father to hand her off. Now, as three key figures from Donna’s past return to the beautiful Mediterraneanshores, where they all walked 20 years before, the beautiful bride will discover the secret of her past while the lonely mother finds her true love.
新视野大学英语视听说第三版（4）
教研室：大学英语教研室教师姓名：
课程名称
Viewing, listening & speaking4

研究生英语视听说Unit1

研究生英语视听说Unit 1 Preparation for Studying AbroadTopic Preview1.Would you like to study in another country if possible?2.Do you have any friends studying abroad? What is it like to study there？Part 1 Movie Time University of Northern British ColumbiaExercise 1Watch the video clip and answer the questions：1.What’s the name of the first student? Where does she come from? What did she do in her secondyear of university?2.What’s the name of the second student? Which school did she graduate from? Why did she chooseUNBC?3.What’s the name of the third person? Which does she do? What are the three great things aboutUNBC according to her?4.What is the first young man?5.What does the second man say?6.What’s the name of last person? What is he? Where is he now? Why does he like studying in othercountries?Exercise 2Watch the video clip again and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).1.Anna always wanted to enter UNBC because of the good academic atmosphere there.2.Mia preferred smaller universities because she can have closer contact with professors.3.Diana enjoyed her leisure activities very much in UNBC.4.One of the reasons why so many students would like to choose UNBC is that they like thewonderful exchange programs there.Part II Listening ActivitiesT ask 1: Visa InterviewExercise 1Explain the following sentences with your own words:1.The offer from the university is conditional on your English language proficiency test result.2.The results will not be available for another two or three weeks.3.I’ll be happy to give you a student visa, valid for the duration of your course, when you bring methe result of your test.Exercise 2Listen to the dialogue again and fill in the blanks with the missing information.1. To get her student visa, the applicant should provide evidence of _______________________ for the last five years, documents relating to ______________________, and results of test.2. She was told to _________________________ to see the visa officer again with ___________________ and _____________________Task 2: The Graduate School Application ProcessExercise 1What are the procedures for applying to a graduate school?Step 1________________________________________________________________________Step 2________________________________________________________________________Step 3________________________________________________________________________Step 4________________________________________________________________________Step 5________________________________________________________________________Exercise 2Listening to the passage again and answer the questions:1. What factors should be considered to create a list of potential schools?2. Who will be the ideal persons to write letters of recommendation for an applicant?3. What are the characteristics of a good statement of purpose?4. What should an applicant do after completing the statement of purpose?5. When should an applicant mail all materials?Additional Listening: New TOEFL TestExerciseListen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).1.TOEFL is a graduate record examination required by many American universities and othereducation centers.2.The major concern of American college officials in deciding which students to accept is theapplicants' admissions test score.3.The new TOEFL test measures a student's ability to understand, read and write English.4.A practice test is available on the TOEFL Web site of ETS, and it is free of charge.Part III Oral PracticeTask 1: A Dialogue at the AirportHere is a dialogue between a customs officer and a student at the airport, but the sequences of the sentences are arranged in random. Try to put the sentences in proper order. Then practice the dialogue with your partner.1.How about the camera? I’m afraid you’ll have to pay duty on this if it’s not for your personaluse.2.Do you have any liquor or cigarettes?3.Please open this bag. What are these?4.No, I don’t.5.Y es, I have two bottles of whiskey.6. OK. Please give this declaration card to that officer at the exit.7. No, I have just one suitcase with me.8. These are some stuff for my personal use, a souvenir that 1'm taking to China, and some gifts formy friends.9. Oh, the camera? It is, Sir.10. Y our passport and declaration card, please. Do you have anything to declare?11. Do you have any other baggage?Task 2: Simulating a Visa ApplicationSimulate a visa interview with your partner using the words and sentence patterns given in the Language Focus below.。

研究生英语《新英语视听说教程》教材原文与练习答案

Unit 1 Differences Between CulturesThinking AheadStudents are asked to discuss the following questions in groups. The reference answers for the questions are offered below:1. How do you think about the word “culture”?Culture is a word for people’s “way of life”, meaning the way they do things.文化是一个词对人们的“生活方式”,这意味着他们做事情的方式。

A group of people has a separate culture when that group sets itself apart from others through its actions.一群人有一个单独的文化当集团通过其行动使自己有别于他人。

Cultures are what make countries unique. Each country has different cultural activities and cultural rituals. Culture is more than just material goods, that is things the culture uses and produces. Culture is also the beliefs and values of the people in that culture. Culture also includes the way people think about and understand the world and their own lives.文化使国家独一无二的。

Unit 1 (新探索研究生英语(基础级)视听说教程混合式教学指导手册unit1

Unit 1 IdentityPart 1 Overview of the unitTeaching objectivesUpon completion of this unit, the T is expected to enable Ss to:OBJECTIVESKnowledge •understand how a life event might influence their identity•know about the common types of identification and their differences•learn about the cultural traits of collectivist and individualistic societiesSkills Listening skill•listen for reference•listen for topic shiftsCritical thinking skill•distinguish between causation and correlationSpeaking skill•share experiences•express interest in others’ ideas•discuss a life event that affected Ss‘ self-identity Unit taskA suggested teaching planPeriods 1 & 2Before class Check Ss’ online study (Warming up, Academic listening)In class Introduce the topic; deal with the video in Warming upbased on Ss’ online performance 20 mins Go through Academic listening 1 based on Ss’ online performance 30 mins Go through Academic listening 2 based on Ss’ online performance 30 mins Deal with Getting the skill in Critical thinking20 minsAfter class Ask Ss to do oral practice of Academic listeningAsk Ss to preview A cross-cultural view and Academic communicationPeriods 3 & 4 Before classCheck Ss’ online study (A cross-cultural view, Academiccommunication)In classDeal with A cross-cultural view30 minsIntroduce the objectives of Academic communication;analyse the speaking model 15 minsGo through the speaking skill based on Ss’ onlineperformance 5 minsLead a thorough discussion and help Ss finish themini-project in Skill enhancement20 minsGuide Ss to finish the speaking task step by step 30 minsAfter class Ask Ss to upload the recordings of their presentations and complete self-evaluationWarming upThe history of identificationHave you been asked lately to prove who you are? If so, you probably were not surprised when it happened. There are a lot of situations where you have to do that. When opening a bank account, checking into a hotel, getting on a train or plane, or taking an exam, you are required to present your ID card, passport or school card. You even need a PIN or fingerprint for authentication before you can access apps on your cellphone. Identification has become part of our daily routine. But do you know this requirement can be traced back thousands of years?Part 2 A detailed teaching guideAs early as about 300 B.C., Shang Yang, an important statesman in ancient China, invented the first known “ID card” called zhaoshentie (照身帖). This was a bamboo slip with the person’s basic information engraved on it. In England, King Henry V issued travel documents in the 1410s for his subjects who needed to prove their identity while in foreign countries. This is thought to be an early form of “passport.” Photo ID cards, using the technological advancement of photography, were used for the first time at an exhibition in Philadelphia, USA, in 1876. Barclays Bank in London in 1967 became the first place in the world where people could withdraw money from an ATM using a PIN. When biometric technology emerged, physiological and behavioral features could be used to identify a person. In the 1980s, DNA testing was used for the first time in a criminal investigation, and in the 1990s iris recognition technology was used for commercial purposes. In 2013, the Apple company incorporated fingerprint recognition into the iPhone 5S and since then, identifying a person through fingerprints has become commonplace.Scientific and technological advances mean new ways of identification will appear in the future. Let’s just wait and see.Teaching suggestions1Introduce the unit topic by presenting the Ucampus statistics for Task 1, and ask Ss to explain their answers and how those items embody their identities. Encourage students to explore the concept of identity, for example, whether it refers to things like the fingerprints and DNA, the name and ID number, or something deeper about someone as a person.2Check the answers of Task 2 with the class.3Use the following questions to check Ss’ understanding of the video.1)What information do you think was engraved on the Zhaoshentie?2)What do the abbreviations ATM and PIN stand for?3)What biometric technologies could be used in identification?Ss’ answers may be:1)The information may include the holder’s name, physical description, occupation and anofficial seal.2)ATM stands for automated teller machine and PIN for personal identification number.3)The biometric technologies that could be used for identification include fingerprintrecognition, iris recognition, DNA testing, etc.Reference answersTask 1Open-ended.Task 2Identification method The yearzhaoshentie about 300 B.C. / 300 BCpassports the 1410sphoto ID cards 1876PINs 1967DNA testing the 1980siris recognition the 1990sfingerprint recognition on iPhone 5S 2013Task 31.Yes, I’m surprised by the information about zhaoshentie, the world’s first “ID card.” I’m so proud thatthe first “ID card” was invented in China. More amazingly, it was invented as early as about 300 B.C. A person’s basic information was carved on a bamboo slip for identity verification. This not only displays the wisdom of the Chinese people but also depicts a highly civilized Chinese society dating back to more than 2,000 years ago.2.Open-ended.Academic ListeningListening 1 Life eventsLife eventsPROFESSOR:Good afternoon. Last class we discussed life events that affect one’s identity; for example, getting married, and getting a job. Today, I’d like to focus on key events in education. What kind of things can happen during your education that affect the direction of your life? Any ideas?DAN: Well, sometimes people realize they’re studying the wrong subject. Maybe you really thought that you wanted to be a designer, but once you start your course you realize that you don’t enjoy it. I know lots of people like that …PROFESSOR:Absolutely. This was a common response during my research in which I interviewed 100 students. I asked them “Was there a defining moment at school that affected your self-identity?” By “defining moment” I meant a class, or a professor, or an experience with other students. One student I spoke to, Tom, told me he’d always wanted to be a doctor. His father was a doctor. His uncle was a doctor. He wanted to be like them. It was part of their family structure. However, in his first year at college, he took a writing seminar and realized he really liked to write. One day in class he suddenly knew he wanted to be a journalist instead. Sounds familiar?SONYA: Sure. Lots of students decide on a career and then change their minds. It seems pretty common. PROFESSOR: Here’s another example from research. It’s one from a student named Ben majoring in biology.Ben had planned to be a computer science major. But, then he took a couple of biology classes and discovered not only was he good at it, but that he loved it. He changed major. Now he plans to work in biotech. Have any of you had a similar experience? Dan?DAN: Well, in high school, I was good at mathematics. I also loved art and design and writing. I had a lot of interests, but planned to major in math. Then, I took an intro engineering class. The engineering professor was fantastic! I was hooked. I decided to major in engineering instead. It allows me to combine mathematics and design.PROFESSOR: That sounds like a good choice. Anyone else? Hassan?HASSAN: Hmmm, well, my defining moment was a little different. It was when I made the swim team earlier this year. I trained hard all summer and tried out for the team in the fall. I’d wanted to be on the team for a couple of years and all that practice enabled me to succeed. Now I have a new status at school. I can say I’m a member of the swim team. I can call myself a school athlete. I also changed my major to sports management.PROFESSOR: Great that you attained your goal. That is a good example of how our achievements can lead to a new identity. All right. Was anyone influenced by other students? Yes, Sonya?SONYA: Well, I definitely was influenced by my friends in my study group … I really like psychology, but I was concerned about getting a job with a psychology major. My friendsknow I like to talk to lots of people. I’m outgoing. They suggested I study business. They thought I would be great at it. So, that’s what I’ve decided to do.PROFESSOR: Your experiences support my research, which shows students often change their minds about a major after they attend classes and are exposed to new ideas.Words and expressionsseminar n.（大学里师生分组进行专题讨论的）研讨班biotech (biotechnology) n.生物技术；生物技术领域attain v.（通过长时间努力而）得到，获得，赢得expose v.使接触；使体验Before you listenTask 1 Choose the correct meaning of each word or phrase in bold.1. The college student decided to major in computer science.A．learn about B. study something as one’s main subject2. The class influenced the student to major in business.A．had an effect on B. criticized3. The student studied hard. This enabled him to pass the test.A．accepted B. made it possible4. Doing homework with a friend is a way to combine socializing and studying.A．move toward B. do two things at the same time5. Graduates often say that college helped define their identity.A．who someone is B. a strong human feeling6. The professor wanted to open up his lecture to more people.A．consider carefully B. include more people in7. Working hard can lead to success.A．decrease B. make something happen8. College life exposed the student to many new ideas.A．showed something not previously seen B. gave the reasonTask 2 Complete the sentences with the words and expressions in the box.combine enable expose identityinfluence lead to major in open up1. It’s hard to combine career and family life.2. Parents shouldn’t try to influence their children’s career choices.3. It’s important to protect your identity online.4. Not getting enough sleep can lead to poor health.5. What you major in doesn’t matter. It doesn’t limit your career choices.6. Professors should always open up discussions to the entire class.7. College should expose students to new ideas.8. The only purpose of college is to enable students to become better selves.Task 3 You will hear a seminar about events that affected a student’s identity. Choose four events you think are likely to be mentioned.A. Getting a certificateB. Doing well on an entrance testC. Being selected for a sports teamD. GraduatingE. Taking an interesting courseF. Winning an awardG. Discovering a personal strengthH. Changing a majorAnswers:Open-ended.Global listeningTask 1 Listen to Life events and match each student with an event and a career goal.1. Tom _____ D ____. He pursued a career in ____ H ____.2. Ben _____ C _____. He wanted to work in the field of ____ I _____.3. Dan _____ E _____. He decided to major in _____ G ____.4. Hassan _____ A _____earlier this year. He changed his major to _____ J ____.5. Sonya ______ B ______. Her friends advised her to study _____ F ____.Close listeningTask 1 Listen to Life events again and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. Question 1.A. Getting a new skill.B. Making new friends.C. Having a new hobby.D. Getting a job.2. Question 2.A. Changing majors.B. School transfer.C. Key events in education.D. Self-identity.3. Question 3.A. A professor.B. A journalist.C. A writer.D. A doctor.4. Question 4.A. He changed his major.B. He planned to work in computer science.C. He was not good at biology.D. He was not good at computer science.5. Question 5.A. Her friends thought she was shy.B. Her parents advised her to study business.C. Her story shows achievements can lead to new identity.D. She was worried about getting a job with psychology.Event Career goal A. made the swim team B. was influenced by the study group C. took some biology classes D. took a writing seminar E. thought that the professor was fantastic F. business G. engineering H. journalism I. biotech J. sports managementQuestions:1.What life event will affect one’s identity according to the last class?2.What is the topic for today’s class?3.What did Tom really want to be?4.Which of the following statements is true about Ben?5.Which of the following statements is true about Sonya?Task 2 Answer the following questions according to what you have heard.1.How did the event in education affect the direction of Dan’s life? Can you retell his story?2.What does the professor mean by defining moment? Can you describe one of your defining moments? Reference answers:1. Dan was good at mathematics and had diverse interests when he was in high school. At that time, he planned to major in math. Then he took an intro engineering class. The professor of the class was fantastic and he was hooked. So he decided to major in engineering instead. This is how a good professor affected the direction of his life.2. According to the professor, a “defining moment” means a class, or a professor, or an experience with other students which affects one’s self-identity in education.Academic listening skillTask 1 Read the following paragraphs to learn about the skill of listening for reference.In lectures and presentations, speakers often use the pronoun it to refer back to a noun,phrase, or idea that they introduced earlier. The following are some examples:This article is interesting. You should read it for the class.The engineering course I took last semester was amazing. It changed my life.Speakers also use the following words to refer back: he / she, him / her, this / that, these /those. For example:Dr. Karloff was an excellent lecturer. It was a pleasure to hear him speak.Many students said they changed courses after taking a class in another subject. Thissupports my research in the area.The noun, phrase, or idea being referred to may be in the previous sentence, but in a presentation or discussion it might also be somewhere several sentences back. Listeningfor reference will help you to understand ideas and how they are tied together.Task 2 Listen to Life events again and fill in the blanks.1. Tom wanted to be like them.Them refers to his father and uncle.2. When the professor said, “It’s one from a student named Ben majoring in biology.” It refers to another example from the research.3. Hassan said, “It was when I made the swim team earlier this year.” It refers to his defining moment.4. Sonya said, “They suggested I study business.” They refers to her friends.Teaching suggestionsClose listening1Ask Ss to read the two questions in Task 2. Then play the recording. Ask Ss to take notes while listening. 2Ask Ss to work in pairs. Ss take turns to answer the questions.3After the discussion, T invites 1 or 2 Ss to share answers with the whole class. T gives comments on the Ss’ answer.Extension activityIn the listening material, “defining moment” refers to a moment in education that affects a student’s self-identity. T can extend it to the change of self-identity in life, and then ask Ss to tell a story of how an influential individual they know experienced a “defining moment.” For example, the great Chinese writer Lu Xun, who initially wanted to be a doctor, finally decided to be a writer after a long-time inner struggle. After the story telling, T asks Ss why some people change their self-identity. Ask Ss to discuss with their partners what exerts more influence on their defining moment, the environment / people around them (extrinsic factors) or themselves (intrinsic factor)? Ss are encouraged to tell to their group members more stories (either of other people or of themselves) of changing self-identity.Academic listening skill✧For Ss at a higher level T can skip the following task. They just need to do the extension activity.1Log on Ucampus and present the task. Tell Ss to read the sentences first to try to recall what the words in bold refer to.2Then play the audio again for Ss to check their answers.✧Note that Question 4 is more difficult because “they” doesn’t refer back to the closest noun (“people”),but to the subject of the sentence (“friends”). This is a good example of why Ss need to think about the actual meanings of such words when listening for reference, not just the words mentioned mostrecently.Extension activityPlay the audio again, pause for other words of reference and ask Ss if they can find these words and what these words refer to. Encourage them to look for examples where the pronoun refers to something that isn’t simply the last noun mentioned. Ask volunteers to share their ideas with the class.Ss’ answers may be:… but once you start your course you realize that you don’t enjoy it. (It =your course); This was a common response … (This = I don’t enjoy my course); It was part of their family structure. (It = being a doctor); It seems pretty common. (It = deciding on a career and then changing one’s mind); … not only was he good at it … (it = biology); That sounds like a good choice. (That = majoring in engineering); They thought I would be great at it. (They = my friends; it = business); … after they attend classes … (they = students)Oral practiceTask 1 The following sentences will help you talk about life events. Translate the Chinese in brackets into English using the words and expressions you’ve just learned, and then record each sentence.1. I asked them “Was there a defining moment (决定性时刻) at school that affected your self-identity?” By “defining moment” (决定性时刻) I meant a class, or a professor, or an experience with other students.2. The engineering professor was fantastic(非常棒)! I was hooked(被吸引了). I decided to major in engineering instead.3. Great that you attained your goal (实现目标). That is a good example of how our achievements can lead toa new identity (新的身份).4. Your experiences support my research, which shows students often change their minds about a major after they attend (参加) classes and are exposed to (接触) new ideas.Task 2 You will hear four clips of the conversation. Each clip will be played only ONCE. After you hear a tone, please repeat the exact words the second speaker has said. You may take some notes while you listen.1.DAN: Well, sometimes people realize they’re studying the wrong subject. Maybe you really thought that you wanted to be a designer, but once you start your course you realize that you don’t enjoy it. I know lots of people like that …PROFESSOR:Absolutely. This was a common response during my research in which I interviewed 100 students.2.PROFESSOR: … However, in his first year at college, he took a writing seminar and realized he really liked to write. One day in class he suddenly knew he wanted to be a journalist instead. Sounds familiar? SONYA: Sure. Lots of students decide on a career and then change their minds. It seems pretty common.3.PROFESSOR: That sounds like a good choice. Anyone else? Hassan?HASSAN: My defining moment was a little different. It was when I made the swim team earlier this year.4.PROFESSOR: Great that you attained your goal. That is a good example of how our achievements can lead to a new identity. All right. Was anyone influenced by other students? Yes, Sonya?SONYA: Well, I definitely was influenced by my friends in my study group …Listening 2 Beyond the ID cardBeyond the ID cardGood morning everybody. Today I’m going to be talking about methods used for identifying people. Every day there are situations in which we have to identify who we are. Not that long ago, a photo ID was sufficient for most purposes. But nowadays, we live in a world full of technology where there are issues with identity theft and the need to confirm our identity in other ways.Thus, there is now a need to move beyond the basic information on our photo IDs. For example, we have user IDs and passwords to use with our computers. It’s also becoming more common for us to be identified using biometric information. Biometrics is the process where a unique physical feature of a person – for example, someone’s face or voice – is recorded electronically and used to confirm the person’s identity.All right. So first, I plan to briefly look at photo IDs and passwords. Then, I’ll talk in more detail about why using biometrics is a more reliable way to identify someone.So, now let’s focus on photo IDs; for instance, a passport or a driver’s license. These may vary a bit from country to country as to what personal information they include, but in general, these IDs typically include a person’s photo, name, nationality, gender (male or female), and an identification number. It may also include the hair color, eye color, and height of the person. An advantage of a photo ID is someone can look at the photo and quickly check who you are. A disadvantage is it can be lost or stolen and photos can be altered. OK, so what about passwords, user IDs and PINs – personal identification numbers? Well, while these are excellent ways to protect our bank accounts, computers and social media profiles, this information could be stolen and used by somebody else. There’s no way to guarantee that the person entering the password or PIN is the real owner of the account, and as such, these are not reliable ways to establish identity.Now, let’s turn our attention to biometrics. I want to look at how biometric information is used to identify someone. The oldest way is by taking a person’s fingerprint. You are all probably familiar with this. Do you know why each fingerprint is unique? It’s because the skin on each of our fingers has a unique pattern. Although the skin on our fingers is flexible, a fingerprint is one reliable way to identify someone. This is especially true nowadays when 3D scanners are used.The second biometric form of identification I want to mention uses voice. Each person’s voice has a unique combination of features, such as pitch and rhythm. This makes it possible for a recording of a person’s voice to be used to confirm identity. To make a voice ID, the user records themselves saying a short sentence. Later, when they want to access the account or, whatever’s protected by the voice ID, they repeat the sentence. If the pitch and rhythm of the two sentences match, the person’s identity can usually be established. This is useful in situations where the person cannot be seen; for example, on the telephone. Voice recognition is generally considered a reliable way to identify someone. Of course, voice recognition software isn’t 100% accurate, so it cannot always be relied on for all situations.Next, let’s consider how DNA testing is used to identify people. All people share over 99% of the same DNA information. However, there is a very small amount of DNA information that varies from one person to another. The small amount is used in DNA testing. Let me explain. Let’s say, the police submit two samples of hair to a DNA crime lab. The lab extracts the DNA from one sample of hair and compares it to the DNA they extract from another sample to see how closely the two samples match. The lab looks for the probability the two samples are from the same person. However, they can’t say with absolute certainty that two DNA samples are from the same person, and for this reason, DNA testing is not 100% reliable as a type of identification.Let’s move on to the last type of biometrics I want to cover: it’s iris recognition. The iris is the colored part of your eye. To create an iris ID, a person’s iris is scanned. The scan creates an image of the pattern in the iris. Because the iris pattern in each eye is unique, the patterns can be used to confirm our identity. Compared to other types of biometrics, iris recognition is especially good for identification. There are a couple of reasons for this. First, because the iris is inside the eye and well-protected from damage, it doesn’t change over time. Second, because the iris is mostly flat, it is easy to create a very accurate video image of it. As a result, iris recognition is one of the most reliable biometric forms of ID we have. For this reason, iris recognition is often used in automated border crossing between some countries and in buildings where security is important.As technology develops, there will continue to be new biometric ways to identify people. Given that biometrics is based on our unique physical features, this makes it the most reliable way to identify people. Words and expressionsidentity theft 身份窃取biometrics n.生物测量学，生物识别技术pitch n.音高rhythm n.节奏submit v.提交extract v.提取，提炼Before you listenTask 1 Match the words in bold with their definitions.1. The man’s face was recorded electronically and then used to confirm his identity. BA. (n.) important parts or aspects of something 2. The student got a passport because his student card wasn’t sufficient for international travel. HB. (adv .) by means of electronic equipment such as a computer 3. Each person’s fingerprints are unique . DC. (v.) to be different in different situations4. The woman’s hair color and eye color, along with other physical features, made it easy to identify her. AD. (adj.) being the only one of a kind, unlike anything else5. To identify the man, the police used a combination of information from a photo and a hair sample. F E. (v.) to make someone believe something that is not true6. Driver’s licenses vary from country to country. CF. (n.) two or more different things used together 7. He pretended that everything was fine. EG. (adj.) complete or total8. The woman couldn’t say with absolute certainty that she recognized the man in the photo. GH. (adj.) as much as is neededTask 2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Change the form if necessary.absolute combination electronically featurepretend sufficient unique vary1. China’s unique development model has successfully set the country on the path to its rejuvenation.2. The flowers in the botanical garden vary in color and size.3. Sleep data was collected electronically from the individuals through wrist monitors.4. The information you provided was not sufficient . Please include your address and date of birth.5. It’s against the law to pretend you are someone that you are not.6. The scientist used a combination of tests to prove his theory.7. The man said to the police, “That’s absolutely true.”8. One’s face and fingerprints are features that can be used to identify the person.Global listeningTask 1 Listen to Beyond the ID card and rearrange the products in the order they are mentioned. _____5_____ DNA testing_____1_____ photo IDs_____2_____ PINs_____6_____ iris recognition_____3_____ fingerprint recognition_____4_____ voice recognitionClose listeningTask 1 Listen to Beyond the ID card again and choose the best answer to each question you hear.1. Question 1.A. An identification number.B. One’s height.C. A security chip.D. One’s gender.2. Question 2.A. They can be forgotten.B. They can be too short.C. They can be changed.D. They can be stolen.3. Question 3.A. They’ve been used for a long time.B. They’re easy to carry.C. Many countries use them.D. Each fingerprint is unique.4. Question 4.A. He should speak as loudly as possible.B. He should speak as clearly as possible.C. He should speak at the same pace as the recording.D. He should speak the same words as the recording.5. Question 5.A. It takes a long time.B. It’s expensive to do.C. It isn’t totally certain.D. It must be done in a lab.6. Question 6.A. To describe the color of the iris.B. To indicate an advantage.。

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