定语从句中as与which用法异同 (1)
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定语从句中as 与which用法异同
摘要:定语从句作为高考必考的语法项目之一,受到同学和教师的关注。为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有章可循,不盲目,不失分,本文就定语从句中as和which 的用法作一简单比较。
关键词: as 与which 异同
定语从句在高中语法的学习中是一个难点,也是高考必考的语法项目之一,为了使同学们在高三学习及以后的复习阶段有的放矢,现将定语从句中as和which的用法做一比较,供大家参考。
一、在限定性定语从句中
as 和which 作为关系代词用法有差异:
⑴、as 常与such, the same, as, so等词连用构成定语从句。as 在定语从句中作主语、宾
语、表语,这时作宾语的as 不可以省略。as 在从句中指前面提到的人或物。
Such people as (people such as) you describe are rare nowadays.
(你所描述的人现在已很少见了。)
I have the same trouble as you ( have ).
(我和你有同样的困难。)
张道真 1995 实用英语语法[M]北京外语教学与研究出版社(7):573-574
He is as great a man as ever lived.
注意:①the same ---as 引导的定语从句和the same ---that 引导的定语从句不相同。
the same---as 表示的是“和---一样的”所指的是同一类事物。
the same---that表示的是“如---一样的”所指的是同一个事物。
下面试比较:
I bought the same dictionary as you bought.
(我买了一本和你的一样的词典。)
I met the same person that I saw yesterday.
(我遇见了昨天你看见得那个人。)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7):252
②such--- as---中,as 引导定语从句,as 在从句中作主语、宾语等; such--- that ---
中的that 引导的是结果状语从句。
下面试比较:
They had such a fierce dog as I had never seen. (as 在句中作seen 的宾语。) (他们家有一条我从未见过的凶狗。)
They had such a fierce dog that no one dare to go near their house. ( that 引导结果状语从句,在句中不作成分)
(他们有一条很凶的狗,没人敢靠近他们家。)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7):252
⑵、which一般指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
The river which runs through the centre of the city was polluted seriously. (作主语)
(穿过是中心的那条河遭到了严重的污染。)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7):243
I have been to the city twice (which) you visited. (作宾语)
(你参观的那座城市,我去过两次。)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7): 245)
二、在非限定性定语从句中
as 和which 作为关系代词,均可以引导非限定性定语从句,并都可以代表主句的一部分或者是整个主句.在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,一般可互换。
1.二者可以通用的情况:
She married him, as/which was quite natural.(作主语)
(她嫁给他,那是相当自然的事。)
She is a good comrade, as/ which we all know.(作宾语)
(他是个好同志,这点我们都知道)
It seems a beautiful picture, as / which in fact it is.(作表语)
(它是一幅好看的画,事实上真是。)
2.二者不可以通用的情况:
⑴只能用as的情况
①当引导的定语从句在句首时,只能用as
As we all know, smoking is bad for our health.
(众所周知,吸烟有害健康。)
常用的结构总结如下:
as is known to all, as is well- known, as can be seen,as has been said before, as was expected, as has pointed out, as was reported等等。
还有:as you know, as you see, as often happens, as is often the case.
②当关系代词强调的是从句的意思时,要用as.
He is very poor, as we can judge from the clothes he wears.
(他很穷,这从他穿的衣服就可以看出来)
③当非限定性定语从句的谓语是被动语态时,要用as.
He must be from Africa, as can be seen from his skin.
(他一定来自非洲,从他的皮肤可以看出来。)
⑵只能用which的情况
①如果非限定性定语从句是否定意义时
You pretended not to know me, which I didn’t understand.
( 你假装不认识我,我真不明白)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7):252
②如果非限定性定语从句的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”,而且关系代词作从句的主语时
All the students passed the entrance examination, which delighted our teacher.
(所有学生都通过了入学考试,老师很高兴。)
③如果非限定性定语从句的结构是:“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”,而且关系代词作从句的
主语或者宾语时
He dislikes everyone in the class, which I find quite strange.
(他不喜欢班里的每一个人,我认为这太奇怪了.)
马德高,朱崇军 2008 高中英语语法全解[M]北京中国社会出版社 (7):252