幼儿亲子依恋状况的调查研究

幼儿亲子依恋状况的调查研究

——以河北省某县幼儿园为例

摘要

亲子依恋是亲子关系与学前儿童心理发展中的一个概念。大量国内外的研究表明，早期亲子依恋的质量会对个体的人格和心理产生重要的影响。我国当前亲子关系现状，在一些家庭中普遍存在：过分强调父母权威，忽视幼儿主动性，亲子之间缺乏互动支持等现象。本文通过运用问卷调查和访谈法收集数据并整理记录，对影响幼儿亲子依恋因素的分析，探讨阻碍幼儿与父母建立安全亲子依恋的主要原因。本研究属于应用研究。希望通过探究影响这一问题的因素，促进建立安全型的亲子依恋，为亲子关系研究提供一份力量，进而来改善亲子关系，促进孩子后期成长。研究结果显示，从总体上看，幼儿与父母的亲子依恋状况良好，依恋类型以安全性为主，幼儿与父亲和母亲的亲子依恋状况差别不大，幼儿的年龄差异对于与母亲依恋的影响大于与父亲依恋。要促进亲子依恋状况的更加良好发展，需要家庭，托幼园所和社会共同努力。

关键词：幼儿，亲子依恋，影响因素

A Case Study on Early Childhood Attachment

——in a Preschool in Hebei province

Abstract

Parent-child attachment is the parent-child relationship and a concept of preschool children's psychological development. At home and abroad a large number of studies have shown that the quality of the early parent-child attachment will be important impact on individual's personality and psychological. The current status of parent-child relationship in our country, is common in some families, too much emphasis on the authority of parents, neglect children's initiative, the phenomenon such as the lack of interaction between parents and children to support. In this paper, by using method of questionnaire and interview to collect the data and record, the analysis of the factors affecting children's parent-child attachment, hinder the children and parents to establish safety of the main causes of parent-child attachment. This study belongs to application research. Hopes to explore the influencing factors of this issue, promote to establish a secure parent-child attachment, provide a power for the

study of the parent-child relationship, and then to improve the parent-child relationship, promote the children grow up late. The results showed that overall, children with parents' parent-child attachment is in good condition, attachment style is given priority to with security, children with his father and mother's parent-child attachment status difference is not big, young children's age difference for attachment is greater than the effect of attachment with his father and mother. To promote the better development of parent-child attachment status, need family, kindergartens and social work together.

Key words: children, parent-child attachment, influencing factors

第一部分提出问题

一、选题由来

家庭是集情感、文化、道德等多种因素于一体的集合体。亲子关系是一个家庭中，最基本、重要的一种关系，它对儿童个性与社会发展有非常重要的影响。尤其西方学者对于有关亲子关系从多个方面进行研究，为实践调适形成良好的亲子关系奠定理论基础。西方发达国家尤其将婴幼儿早期教育和综合发展作为国家的重大教育计划和任务，关注亲子关系研究，对照西方国家，我国亲子关系研究方面比较欠缺，处于正在发展阶段。

亲子依恋是亲子关系与学前儿童心理发展中的一个概念。

在教学实践中，我发现部分幼儿与父母关系并不亲厚，有躲避的现象，是不安全的亲子依恋类型，因此我选取亲子关系的一个重要方面亲子依恋来反映亲子关系的状况。

二、选题意义

家庭是生活最基本的环境，父母是孩子的第一任老师。家庭教育对幼儿一生的成长至关重要，且错过了很难通过后期的学习弥补。正如德国教育家福禄贝尔所提出的观点，国民的命运掌握在父母手中。而在家庭中，家庭教育的成功与否取决于亲子关系状况。儿童亲子关系也与幼儿的个性形成和自我意识发展密不可分。而且大量的研究表明，早期亲子依恋的质量会对个体的人格和心理产生重要的影响。

我国的亲子依恋现状不容乐观。正处于社会转型期，一些家庭出现父母与子