修辞学 (1)

B (laughs for---)
A no it’s for me but it’s very plain B it’s a lovely colour A it is nice B yeah I never di I could never take to knitting except on these double o needles with string you know that’s my sort of knitting A yeah
Lexical Features
General words are also used very
frequently in daily conversation. Eg: thing, do, go, come, work, etc.
Pronouns, especially first and
Eg: American school slang: to dig to understand
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
to turn off
a rat mickey mouse break it up
to disgust
a first year student easy course in the university stop that nonsense
Semantic Features
The randomness of subject matter
(because conversation is casual in nature. No one would have made a plan for what to talk about in the conversation before he joins in the conversation.)
The use of colloquial words, expressions
and idioms; phrasal verbs
*Eg: *yeah *Cos *Kinda *In the same boat *For a donkey’s years *Give the cold shoulder *Face the music
The frequent use of contractions.
(makes the conversation sound natural)
Eg: don’t, I’m, he’s, we’d, shouldn’t, didn’t
Phonological Features
Overlapping of words or phrases of the
phone (=telephone), plane (=airplane, aeroplane), bus (=ombibus).
* Abbreviate the suffix.
*ad (=advertisement) *photo (=photograph) * exam (=examination) * mike (=microphone) * mini (=mini-skirt) * memo (=memorandum) *taxi (=taxicab)
4 features
Phonological Features Lexical Features Grammatical Features Semantic Features
Phonological Features
In daily conversations, the participants
second person pronouns are used for quick reference.
Grammatical Features
Short and loose sentences(present tense and
past tense)
Minor sentences
1)A unit consisting of a dependent clause:
The English of conversation
By Class 2 ,group 2
The English of conversation
Class 2 Group 2
*Shipin
2015-6-8
What is conversation?
Conversation refers to the act or an instance of talking together, for example, a familiar talk between friends；a verbal exchange or ideas, opinions, etc.
A you got a cold B no just a bit sniff cos I’m I am cold and I’ll be all right once I’ ve warmed up do I look as I’ve got a cold A no I thought you sounded as if you were B m A pull your chair up close if you want is it B yes I’ll be all right in a minute it’s just that I’m what you have got A what have you got B stupid I had a about five thousand books to take back to senate house yesterday and I got all the way through the college to where the car was at the parking meter at the other end and realized I’d left my coat in my locker and I just couldn’t A me B face going all the way back again with this great you know my arms were aching A m
conversation seem flexible, general and effective)
eg: tall, fat, a few moments, about two o’clock
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
eg: smile, laughter, sods, cry, fluff words, gestures and facial expressions.
Lexical Features
The use of informal, monosyllabic,
Anglo- Saxon words.
eg: do, eat, have, sleep, work, buy, go, come
Yes Because Kind of In the same situation • For a long time • Show indifference or ignore • Meet the worst • • • •
Lexical Features
Slang and jargon words may some times occur.
Thank you .
naturally use different phonological devices, such as pitch, short or long pauses, slow or quick tempo, elision, stress and different kinds of intonation patterns.
eg: Oh, if I were you.
2)A phrase. Eg: “all aboard.”
3)An elliptical sentence.
eg: A : I will not be back again. B: Why?
Grammatical Features
Interrogative sentences (seek information) Simple nominal and verbal group structure
B and I thought well I’ll get it on Tuesday it’s a bit silly cos I need it
A m it’s gone very cold hasn’t it B m it’s freezing A m I’m B you’re knitting what are you knitting that’s not a tiny garment A no
participants.
Normal non-fluency: sudden change of Apart from the above, para-linguistic
devices are used.
subject matter, hesitation, nervousness, a lack of planning of the conversation.
Lexical hyperbole (intensify the
meaning of the speakers)
eg: the students asked me a train of questions yesterday.
Semantic Features
The use of vague words.(make
B it grows quickly
A yeah I get very fed up B the process though do you sew I used to sew a lot when A no I don’t B in the days when I was a human being
The common abbreviative forms are divided into three:
*1. Abbreviate the prefix. *2.Abbreviate the suffix. *3.Abbreviate the prefix and suffix.
Abbreviate the prefix.
Abbreviate the prefix and suffix.
*flu (=influenza) *fridge (=refrigerator)
Some other kinds of abbreviation
*msg=message 信息 * luv=love 爱 * bro=brother 兄弟 * sis=sister 姐妹 *gvmt=government 政府 *uni=university 大学 *cuz/cos=because *2=to 数字代替了字母 *brb=be right back
*Inexplicitness *Randomness of subject- matter
*Normal non-fluency
General features:
1)Informality 2)Inexplicitness(含糊的) 3)Normal non-fluency 4)Lexical banality(a trite or obvious remark) 5)Syntactic looseness 6)Randomness(随机的) of subject-matter