高考英语知识清单 (强化版)-专题11 特殊句式 (解析版)

专题11 特殊句式（解析版）

Part 1：知识点梳理

1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；

2.省略的基本原则及用法；

3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。

知识点1倒装

1：完全倒装

完全倒装

here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开

头的句子表示强调

Out rushed the children.

表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首

Under the tree stood two

tables and four chairs.

强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡

Present at the meeting were

1,000 students.

2：部分倒装

部分倒装

never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等

表示否定意义的副词放于句首

Hardly did I know what

had happened.

only和修饰的状语放于句首

Only then did he realize

the importance of English.

not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒

Not only does he know

French,but also he is expert at

it.

neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装

Neither do I know it,nor

do I care about it.

so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成

分放于句首时,主谓要倒装

So busy is he that he

cannot go on a holiday.

as引导的让步状语

Child as he is,he has

learned a lot.

so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So

人或事can I.

May you be in good

用于表示祝愿的祈使句中

health!

Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件

it in this way.

知识点2 省略

1. 不定式的省略

(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.

— Will you join in the game?

—I’d be glad to.

(2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。

He made me laugh.

Please have him come here.

I was made to laugh by him.

(3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。

— Are you a college student?

— No, but I want to be.

(4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不定式去掉to。

I didn’t have any choice but to wait.

I could do nothing but wait patiently.

(5)不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的不定式可省略to。

What we must do is (to) protect the environment.

(6)两个及以上不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。

My mother’s job is to look after the baby and clean the house.

2. 虚拟语气中if 的省略

在虚拟条件从句中，如果把助动词were, had, should提到句首，if 要省略。

Were I you, I would go with her.

3. 限制性定语从句中关系词的省略

(1)关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中作动词宾语或作句子末端介词的宾语时可省略。

Is there anything (that) you want?

Who is the man (that) you were talking to?

(2)关系代词that 在定语从句中作表语时可省略。

Wuhan today is not the city (that) it was.

(3)关系副词when, where, why通常不能省略，但有特殊情况，即用于day, year, time, place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, the reason等少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)，常用于口语。

That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad.

This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.

That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.

4. 在对话中，常用so或not来代替上文的一部分或整个从句。这种用法常见的词有hope, think, be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear 等。

— She must look like a pretty girl.

— Yes, I think so.

— Could I take this book out?

—Sorry, I’m afraid not.

知识点3强调

疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”

Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?

Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?