高考英语知识清单 (强化版)-专题11 特殊句式 (解析版)

专题11 特殊句式（解析版）
Part 1：知识点梳理
1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；
2.省略的基本原则及用法；
3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。

知识点1倒装
1：完全倒装
完全倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开
头的句子表示强调
Out rushed the children.
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Under the tree stood two
tables and four chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡
Present at the meeting were
1,000 students.
2：部分倒装
部分倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等
表示否定意义的副词放于句首
Hardly did I know what
had happened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
Only then did he realize
the importance of English.
not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒
Not only does he know
French,but also he is expert at
it.
neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装
Neither do I know it,nor
do I care about it.
so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成
分放于句首时,主谓要倒装
So busy is he that he
cannot go on a holiday.
as引导的让步状语
Child as he is,he has
learned a lot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So
人或事can I.
May you be in good
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中
health!
Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件
it in this way.
知识点2 省略
1. 不定式的省略
(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.
I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.
— Will you join in the game?
—I’d be glad to.
(2)感官动词(see, feel, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to等)和使役动词(let, make, have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时省略to，但在被动式中不能省略(let除外)。

He made me laugh.
Please have him come here.
I was made to laugh by him.
(3)如果不定式是be动词或完成式，则须在to后加上be或have。

— Are you a college student?
— No, but I want to be.
(4)介词but意为“除了”，后接不定式，但如果but前面有行为动词do, does, did时，but后的不定式去掉to。

I didn’t have any choice but to wait.
I could do nothing but wait patiently.
(5)不定式作表语，主语部分中出现了行为动词do, does, did时，作表语的不定式可省略to。

What we must do is (to) protect the environment.
(6)两个及以上不定式并列，后面的to可省略，第一个to不能省略。

My mother’s job is to look after the baby and clean the house.
2. 虚拟语气中if 的省略
在虚拟条件从句中，如果把助动词were, had, should提到句首，if 要省略。

Were I you, I would go with her.
3. 限制性定语从句中关系词的省略
(1)关系代词who, whom, which和that在定语从句中作动词宾语或作句子末端介词的宾语时可省略。

Is there anything (that) you want?
Who is the man (that) you were talking to?
(2)关系代词that 在定语从句中作表语时可省略。

Wuhan today is not the city (that) it was.
(3)关系副词when, where, why通常不能省略，但有特殊情况，即用于day, year, time, place, somewhere, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, the reason等少数词后时可以省略(也可换成that)，常用于口语。

That was the year (when/that) I first went abroad.
This is the place (where/that) they met yesterday.
That’s the reason (why/for which/that) he came.
4. 在对话中，常用so或not来代替上文的一部分或整个从句。

这种用法常见的词有hope, think, be afraid, call, say, speak, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine, fear, hear 等。

— She must look like a pretty girl.
— Yes, I think so.
— Could I take this book out?
—Sorry, I’m afraid not.
知识点3强调
疑问句形式为“Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”或“特殊疑问词+is/was it+that/who+其他成分”
Was it in high school that you began playing basketball?
Where was it that you put your mobile phone after coming back?
not...until...结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not 与until要放在一起
It was not until he removed his sunglasses that I recognized him.
知识点4反意疑问句
1：陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句当陈述部分主句的谓语动词是
think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine,且主句主语为第一人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致;当陈述部分主句的主语为第二、三人称时,反意疑问部分的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend,won’t he/she?
They don’t believe he will succeed,do they?
2：陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句
带有表示否定意义的前缀构成的词时,其
反意疑问部分用否定形式
He dislikes playing the piano,doesn’t he?
知识点5感叹句
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!
What beautiful butterflies
they are!
How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语! How tall a boy he is!
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How well she plays!
Part 2：高考真题精选
1.（202
2.6全国甲卷改错）
The disagreement was too sharp that neither he nor I knew what to settle it.
【答案】将too改为so。

【解析】考查状语从句。

句意：这分歧如此尖锐，以至于他和我都不知道如何解决它。

固定句型“so…that…”译为“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。

故将too改为so。

2.（2022.6全国乙卷语法填空）
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,
【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。

考察to do sth在句子中目的状语。

句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。

根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。

故填To strengthen。

3.（2022年新高考2卷）
He saved my son's life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___45___ to thank him. ”
【答案】how
【解析】考查特殊疑问词。

句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。

根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。

根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。

故填how。

4.（2021.6全国乙卷改错）
【答案】把hopes改为hope
【解析】考查省略句。

分析题目可知，此处表示(I) hope this can inspire…，故hope应用动词原形形式。

故把hopes改为hope。

5.（2021.6全国甲卷语法填空）
It is possible 3 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
【答案】to walk
【解析】考查形式主语句，本句是典型的It is adj. + to do的形式。

非谓语动词to do做真正主语，it 做形式主语。

故填to walk 。

6.（2021.3 天津卷单选）—Are you done with the book I gave you?
A. Hard to say
B. Not quite
C. Of course
D. It all depends
【答案】B
【解析】考查情景交际。

句意：—我给你的书你看完了吗？—不完全是。

我还在读最后一章。

A.Hard to say很难说；B.Not quite不完全是；C.Of course当然；D.It all depends这要看情况了。

根据语境可知，本空应填"Not quite" 。

故选：B。

7.（2021.3 天津卷单选）—How's the project going?
A. Easy come easy go
B. Far from it
C. By all means
D. So far so good
【答案】D
【解析】考查情景交际。

句意：—这个项目进展的如何？—到目前为止，一直都还不错。

我们要做的就是完成最后一项工作。

A.Easy come easy go 来得容易去得也快；B.Far from it远非如此；C.By all means 绝不；D.So far so good到目前为止，一直都还不错。

根据下半句可知，目前进展还不错。

故选D。

8.（2020·江苏卷）Building such a bridge over the bay was ______ but the local government made it within two years.
A. a wet blanket
B. a piece of cake
C. a dark horse
D. a hard nut to crack
【答案】D
【解析】考查习惯用语辨析。

句意:在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情，但当地政府在两年内完成了。

A. a wet blanket一件扫兴的事情；B. a piece of cake小菜一碟；C. a dark horse出人意外的获胜者；D. a hard nut to crack很难解决的问题。

根据空前such a bridge over the bay及空后but the local government made it within two years可知，在海湾上建造这样一座桥是一件困难的事情。

故选D。

9. （2020·江苏卷）—Do you know anything about Zhang Zhongjing?
—______ He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. How come?
B. So what?
C. By all means.
D. With pleasure.
【答案】C
【解析】考查日常交际用语。

句意:-你知道关于张仲景的事情吗？-当然。

自东汉以来，他被尊为医学大师。

A. How come?怎么会？B. So what?那又怎样？C. By all means.当然；D. With pleasure.很愿效劳。

根据空后He has been honored as a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.可知，后者对张仲景非常了解。

所以他“当然”知道关于张仲景的事情。

C选项符合语境。

故选C。

10．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第一次)）—Tim has difficulty in making decisions.
—__________. He's still hesitating about whether to take the job.
A．That’s it B．Give it a try C．It's settled D．You're kidding me
【答案】A
【解析】考查情景交际。

句意：—Tim做决定有困难。

—就是。

他还在犹豫是否接受那份工作。

A.That's it就是；B. Give it a try试一试:C. It's settled那就决定了;D.You're kidding me你在跟我开玩笑吧。

此处是对上句情况的肯定，故选A。

11．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)
—Shall I order a taxi for Sarah to go to the airport tonight?
—______. I’ll drive her there.
A．Have a try B．Don’t mention it C．Don’t bother D．Go ahead
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。

句意:--今晚我为莎拉叫一辆出租车去机场好吗？--不用麻烦了。

我开车送她去。

A. Have a try试一试吧；B. Don’t mention it别客气，不用谢；C. Don’t bother不用麻烦了；D. Go ahead 走吧，干吧。

根据“I will drive her there”可知，第二个人会送莎拉去机场，因此他让第一个人“不用麻烦叫出租车”。

故选C。

12．（2020·（天津卷)英语笔试（第二次)）
—Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call in advance.
—______. I will.
A．My pleasure B．No wonder C．Good point D．Never mind
【答案】C
【解析】考查情景交际。

句意:--下次你去拜访Bob的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。

--好主意。

我会的。

A. My pleasure 我很荣幸，别客气；B. No wonder难怪；C. Good point好主意；D. Never mind没
有关系。

根据”I will”可知，第二个人对第一个人的提议非常赞同。

故C选项符合语境。

故选C。

13.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】12.The professor warned tie students that on no account _____________ use mobile phones in his class.
A. should they
B. they should
C. dare they
D. they dare
【答案】A
【解析】考查部分倒装。

句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。

on no account 决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do，敢于做dare do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。

14. 【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. They were two reasons for the decision.
【答案】They改为There
【解析】考查there be句型。

句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。

句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是对这两个原因的解释。

故将They改为There。

15.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查强调句。

句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。

这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其他部分。

本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up in front of our house。

故选B。

点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。

分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，It is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。

强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。

判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

16.【2018·北京】8. In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.
A. press
B. to press
C. pressing
D. pressed 【答案】A
【解析】考查祈使句。

句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。

and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中。

只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。

故A选项正确。

点睛：祈使句+and/or+陈述句是一种常见结构。

当前后两部分间为承接关系时，用and；前后意思为相反关系时，用or。

该句式中的陈述句部分常用一般将来时态。

17.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen V oegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。

句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。

这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。

空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。

故填feeding。

18.【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查虚拟语气和倒装。

虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。

句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。

【名师点睛】
在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词……
e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。

若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t置于句首。

考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装
19.【2017·天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who
B. where
C. which
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。

根据关键词It was 开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。

故选D。

考点：考查强调句型。

【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors..这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。

除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。