计算机专业英语复习资料整理
计算机专业英语复习资料
Central Processing Unit 中央处理器Memory 内存Random-Access Memory 随机存储器Read-Only Memory 只读存储器Monitor 监视器keyboard 键盘Mouse 鼠标Hard disk 硬盘Operating system 操作系统Memory management 内存管理Device management 设备管理Storage management 存储管理Application Interface 应用程序接口Processor management 处理器User Interface 用户界面Data structure 数据结构Tree 树Nodes 节点Root nodes 根节点Leaf nodes 叶节点Identifiers 标识符Name Space 名空间Global Variables 全局变量Database 数据库Relational Database 关系数据库Stuctured Query Language 结构化查询语言Database Management system 数据库管理系统Distributed Database 分布式数据库Software Engineering 软件工程Requirement Analysis 需求分析Software Design 软件设计C was developed in the early 1970s, and it has grown into a very popular language now. C might be described as a "medium level language",Like a true high level language,there is a one-to-many relationship between a C statement and the machine language instruction it is compiled into. Thus a language like C gives you far more programing leverage than a low level assembly language.However, compared to most high level languange ,C has a very small set of constructs. In addition unlike most high level language ,C let you easily do chorse (such as bit and pointer manipulation) additionally performed by assembly languages, Therefore ,C is an especially good tool to use for developing operating system( such as the UNIX operating system),or other system software.翻译：C语言的开发始于20世纪70年代初期，现在已经成为非常流行的语言，C语言也许最适合被描述成为“中级语言”，。
计算机专业外语考试重点
一、汉语词汇翻译成英语1.分布式系统：Distributed NetWork Operating System2.命中率：hit rate3.管程：monitor process4.互斥：mutual exclusion（排斥）5.临界区：critical region6.宽度优先搜索：breadth（宽度）first search7.容错：fault tolerance8.嵌入式系统：embedded system9.人机交互：Human—Computer Interaction10.约束满足：constrain satisfaction11.搜索引擎：search engine12.代理网关：proxy gateway13.关系代数：relational algebra14.死锁检测：deadlock detection15.分型压缩：fractal compression16.地址解析协议：Address Resolution Protocol18.素数定理：prime number theorem19.关系演算：relational calculus20.关系型数据库：relational database21.布尔搜索：Boolean search其他正则表达式：regular expression视频图形阵列：Extended Video Graphics Array并行端口：parallel port视频随机访问存储器：video random access memory 扩展的存储器管理程序：expanded memory manager 数据处理：data processing分布式存储器：distributed memory指令集：instruction set离散的余弦变换：discrete cosine transform网络透明度：network transparency质量保证：Quality Assurance上确界：least upper bound下确界：greatest lower bound二、把英语词汇翻译成汉语1.Portability可移植性2.hash coding 哈希编码3.disk duplexing:磁盘双工4.expansion slot：扩展槽5.touch screen：触摸屏6.page fault：缺页7.virtual reality：虚拟现实8.Electronic commerce：电子商务9.instruction prefetch:指令预取10.space complexity：空间复杂度11.pattern recognition：模式识别12.Data warehouse：数据仓库13.eigenvalue:特征值14.course ware:课件15.pattern match：模式匹配16.course ware:课件17.collision detection:冲突检测18.ontology:本体19.cross-platform:跨平台20.eigenvector:特征向量21.disk mirroring磁盘镜像其他的：intranet：企业内部互联网granularity:粒度parallelism：并行redundancy：冗余algebraic：代数的embedding：嵌入semantics :语义学1.portability可移植性2.hash coding哈希编码3.disk mirroring 磁盘镜像4.expansion slot扩展插槽5.touch screen触摸屏6.Page fault页面错误7.virtual reality虚拟现实8.Electronic commerce电子商务9.instruction prefetch 指令领取10.space complexity空间复杂度11.pattern match模式匹配12.Data warehouse数据仓库13.eigenvalue特征值14.course ware 课件15.collision detection冲突检测16.ontology本体工程学17.cross-platform跨平台三、写出英文缩写并且翻译成汉语1.GUI：Graphical User Interface 图形用户接口2.RISC：Reduced Instruction-Set Computer 精简指令集计算机3.BLOB：Binary Large Object 二进制大对象4.AI：Artificial Intelligence 人工智能5.CAD：Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计6.DSS：Decision Support Systems 决策支持系统B：Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线8.HTML：Hypertext Markup Language 超文本标记语言9.DOS：Disk Operating System 磁盘操作系统10.MVS：Multiple Virtual Storage 多虚拟器存储11.EDF：Earliest Deadline First 最早截止时间优先12.VGA：(Extended)Video Graphics Array 视频图形阵列13.CAE：Computer Aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程14.CAI：Computer Aided Instruction 计算机辅助教学15.ERP：Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划16.JVM：Java Virtual Machine Java虚拟器GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer，精简指令集计算机BLOB Binary Large Object二进制大对象AI Artificial Intelligence人工智能CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计DSS Decision Support System决策支持系统USB Universal Serial BUS通用串行总线HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language超文本标记语言四、用英语回答问题（35分）1.What is the common structure of a presentation？And which parts are important and must be explained clearly？Title of the presentation/name and affiliation of the author, Outline, Why/What you want to do, Prior art/related work/what's new, How to do, Results,Evaluation：contribution/advantages/limitations,Application/recommendations, Conclusion/future work. What'new, how to do and result are important and must be explained clearly.2.What is the clear structure of a scientific paper？Which sections do you need to address in detai？A scientific paper contains 8 parts: Keywords, Abstract, Introduction, Method, Reuslt, Discuction, Conclusion/future work,ReferenceIntroduction, method and result must be addressed in detai3.What is the common structure of a thesis？What should be declared on cover page？A thesis generally consists of the cover page, abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents, list of Figures/Tables, chapters, list of publications and bibliography（参考文献，图书目录）.The cover page includes the title of your thesis, your research direction, your name and affiliation and the submitting time of your thesis.4.What kinds of documents are generally necessary to apply for a visa?The required documents vary with countries,but generally the following are necessary:①visa application forms with two photographs②your passport③The certificate（证明书;执照）of flightreservation and hotel reservation④Thebalance certificate of your personal bank account⑤Confirmation of your status and affiliation⑥Official invitation letter from the conference organizing committee⑦Visa application fee5.Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transctaion, what information should you get?And where can you find that?Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transaction（办理,处置，交易）, you should be familiar with the submission guideline for the appropriate publication. The guideline information can generally be found through selecting the link in the author resources section of the web page porvided by the journal.Read carefully the aim,scope,policy and submission procedure of the journal.Then click on the submit manuscript icon and submit your paper step by step according to the textual prompt.6.What search sites do you often use? Do you know any popular database of research? Omit, Google and YahooEngineering Village are the popular database for research.It is a Web-based information service that offers a wide range of quality resource for information specialists,professionals and ect.engineering fields including Compendex and Inspec.Both of them are bibliographic database.7.What should you consider of when you select a research subject?①Follow your interest②Attend to new Theory or Technology③Think Independently ④Search literature Extensively⑤Interdisciplinary（跨学科的）Research Provides New Opportunity。
计算机专业英语复习资料
计算机专业英语复习资料计算机专业英语复习资料1、that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system;(p1) 处理器是计算机智能系统2、In 1965,when he first set out what we now call Moore’s Law,Gordon Moore said the number of components that could be packed onto an integrated circuit would double every year or so(later amended to18 months). (P17)在1965年，⼽登穆尔说，可以将很多的零部件装载在⼀个集成电路元件中，这样的话就可以每年都翻倍，这也就是他第⼀次提出摩尔定律（后来修订为18个⽉）3-43、This multicore processor plugs directly into a single socket on the motherboard. (P18)这种多内核处理器直接插⼊主板上的⼀个单⼀的插座。
4、Multicore processors are especially well suited to tasks that have operations that can be divided up into separate thread and run in parallel. (P18)多核处理器特别适合那些可以分成单线程和并⾏运⾏的任务操作。
5、640*480 means that the screen consists of 640 columns by 480 rows of pixels. (P36)640×480表⽰屏幕由640列480⾏的像素组成。
6-76、However, they also are bulky, fragile, and consume a great deal of power. (p37)然⽽，他们也都是笨重的，脆弱的，并且消耗⼤量的电⼒。
计算机英语复习重点
Hardware硬件、software软件、general-purpose machine通用计算机、special-purpose machine专用计算机、instruction指令、input\output输入输出、central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器、bus总线、personal computer个人计算机、operating system操作系统、Digital Video Disk(DVD)数字视盘、Compact Disk Read-Only Memory(CD-ROM)光盘只读存储器、audio声频、peripheral外围设备、operation操作码指令、operand操作数、register寄存器、control unit控制部件、arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)算术逻辑单元、word size字长、cache高速缓冲存储器、chip芯片、Random Access Memory（RAM)随机存储器、Read Only Memory （ROM)只读存储器、floppy disk软磁盘、volatile易失性、job management作业管理、job queue作业队列、batch system批处理系统、time-shared operating分时操作系统、multiprogramming多道程序设计、Dynamic Link Library（DLL)动态链接库、Encrypting File System(EFS)加密文件系统、stack堆栈、desktop桌面、definition分辨率、menu slide菜单滑块、taskbar任务栏、virus病毒、animation 动画、folder文件夹、favorite收藏夹、terminal终端、kernel内核、system call 系统调用、interpreter解释程序、shell命令解释程序、application suite应用程序集、word processor字处理程序、configuration配置、peripheral device外围设备、USB(Universal Serial Bus）通用串行总线、toolbar工具条、control panel控制面板、standby mode待机模式、GUI(Graphical User Interface）图形用户界面、icon 图标、dialog box对话框、removable hard disk可移动硬盘、zip disk大容量磁盘、network architecture网络体系结构、Open System Interconnection/Reference Model （OSI/RM)开放系统互连参考模型、client-server客户服务器、peer-to-peer对等、switch交换机、star topology星型拓扑、Ethernet以太网、UTP(Unshielded Twisted Pair）非屏蔽双绞线、coaxial cable同轴电缆、NIC(Network Interface Card）网络接口卡、WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network）无限局域网、route路由、ARPAnet 阿帕网、WWW（world wide web）万维网、browser浏览器、search engine搜索引擎、search criteria搜索条件、electronic mail电子邮件、SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）简单邮件传送协议、POP(Post Office Protocol）邮局协议、FTP(File Transfer Protocol）文件传送协议、Telnet(Telecommunication network)远程通信网、TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol）传输控制协议/互联网协议、HTTP（hypertext transfer protocol）超文本传送协议、URL（uniform resource locator）统一资源定位地址、video chip视频剪辑、tree topology树形拓扑、ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line）非对称数字用户线、hyperlink超级链接、package程序包、shareware共享软件、HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language）超文本标记语音、transaction实物、assembler汇编程序、selection structure选择结构、loop structure循环结构、form表单、Intranet因特内部网、OOP（Object-Oriented Programming)面向对象程序设计、release软件发布、life cycle生命周期、requirement analysis需求分析、feasibility可行性、flowchart流程图、algorithm算法、data structure数据结构、debugging调试、database record 数据库记录、database management system（DBMS)数据库管理系统、relational database关系数据库、field字段、script脚本、dynamic/static web page动态/静态web网页、API(Application Program Interface）应用程序接口、spreadsheet电子表格、presentation演示、Portable Document Format（PDF)可移植的文档格式、temple 模版、computer graphics（CG)计算机图形学、render渲染、three-dimensional computer graphics三维计算机图形、image图像、image processing图像处理、brightness亮度、contrast对比度、pixel像素、extension扩展名、CAD(computer-aided design）计算机辅助设计。
计算机专业英语期末考复习资料
英语翻译成汉语：1、In order to solve a computational problem, its solution must be specified in terms of a sequence of computational steps, each of which may be performed by a human or a digital computer．If you want to solve the computational problem with a computer, you should learn how to program．The task of developing programs for the soultion of computational problems is referred to as programming．Computer programming is the process of planning and creating a sequence of steps for a computer to follow．In general，this process will help us resolve a problem，which is either too tedious (冗长的) or difficult to work out otherwise．So programming is breaking a task down into small steps．译：为解决计算问题，其解决方案必须被指定在一个计算步骤的序列，每一个可能由一个人或一个数字计算机。
如果你想解决计算问题的计算机，你应该学会如何计划。
制定发展任务的计划称为编程。
计算机编程的过程中规划和创建一个序列的计算机执行步骤。
一般来说，这个过程将帮助我们解决一个问题，是太冗长的或难以解决的方式。
计算机专业常用英语
10. local a. 局部；本地[机]
localhost 本(主)机
比较 remote a. 远程 remote access 远程访问 remote communications 远程通信 remote terminal 远程终端
11. ring network 环形网络 ring topology 环形拓扑
4
比较 model 模型 module 模块 modulo 模(运算)
11. opcode 操作码( operation code ) 12. decode v. 译码
decoder 译码器，解码器，翻译程序
5
2.2 Microprocessor And Microcomputer
1. integrated circuit 集成电路
8. library (程序)库，库
16
9. single threading 单线程处理方式
Within a program, the running of a single process at a time. 在程序中，一次运行一个进程的方式。
single-precision 单精度 single-user computer 单用户计算机 thread 线程；线索 threaded tree 线索树 threading 线程技术
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16. idle a. 空闲，等待
Operational but not in use. 用来说明处在可操作状态但不在使用。 idle state 空闲状态
12
18. launch v. 启动，激活 19. prototyping 原型法 20. project n. 投影运算 21. workstation 工作站
计算机专业英语复习资料
阅读理解一、Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。
）1．A programming language, designed to facilitate the communication between human and computers, is a _____ notation _____ for describing computation in readable form. There are 3 levels of programming languages, they are____ machine language__ , which can be run directly by computer; __assembly language___ and _high-level language___. There are different high-level programming languages. Fortunately, most of them have many kinds of construct in common and vary only in the way that these must be __written ___ . Therefore, first thing to be decided about a task is to choose which programming language is best suited for the job.2．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. It is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. The CPU comprisesthe control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU) . The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons.3．Microsoft Word XP is the current Window version of Word, and documents created in Word XP can be easily _ incorporated into Excel, Power Point and Access files. In the interface of Word, the _ title bar __ displays the name of the current application and name of the current document; the __ menu bar lists the names of the menus available; the ___ toolbar gives the user quick access to frequently used editing functions; the __ ruler enables the user to change left and right margin. 4．Software Engineering, which means the application of engineering to software, is a method to develop, operate and __ maintain _ software. That is, the development of software is on a systematic, __ disciplined ____, quantitive basis. Before starting the development of software, you have to systematically approach the problem. You have to understand the __ requirements (what the software is supposed to do), carry out the design, do the __coding ___, carry out a rigorous testing and if the software is as per the requirements, release the software to the customer. Subsequently, if the customer wants二．根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误（1）．The central processing unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer systems. Among other things, its configuration determines whether a computer is fast or slow in relation to other computers. The CPU is the most complex computer system component, responsible for directing most of the computer system activities based on the instructions provided. As one computer generation has evolved to the next, the physical size of the CPU has often become smaller and smaller, while its speed and capacity have increased tremendously. Indeed, these changes have resulted in microcomputers that are small enough to fit on your desk or your lap.The CPU comprises the control unit and the arithmetic / logic unit (ALU).The control unit is responsible for directing and coordinating most of the computer systems activities. It determines the movement of electronic signals between main memory and the arithmetic/logic unit, as well as the control signals between the CPU and input/output devices.The ALU performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions — that is, it adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and does comparisons. These comparisons, which are basically ―less than‖, ―greater than‖, and ―equal to‖, can be combined into several common expressions, such as ―greater than or equal to‖. The objective of most instructions that use comparisons is to determine which instruction should be executed next.Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）1.With the development of computer, the physical size of the CPU has often become bigger and bigger.( F)2.The movement of electronic signals between main memory and the ALU as well as the control signal between the CPU andinput /output devices are controlled by the control unit of the CPU.( T)3.The CPU comprises the control unit and memory. ( F )4.The control unit performs all the arithmetic and logical (comparison) functions。
计算机英语复习资料
计算机英语（1）Desktop PatternIn the graphical user interface of Microsoft Windows 98,a graphical pattern-called wallpaper-displayed on the desktop (the background "beneath" windows, icons, and dialog boxes). The pattern or picture in the screen background that can be chosen by the user. To change the desktop pattern, choose Display from the Control Panel.桌面图案在Microsoft Windows 98的图形用户界面中,一种显示在桌面上称为壁纸(Wallpaper )的图形图案(窗口、图标和对话框后面的背景),屏幕背景可由用户选择图案样式或画面。
要改变桌面图案时,从控制面板上选择显示方式。
计算机英语（2）Federated DatabaseIn scientific networking ,a collaborative database (part of a collaborator) in which scientists pool their knowledge and discoveries .Federated databases are one proposed solution to the Grand Challenges——problems that are so complex that they far outstrip the capabilities of individual scientists ,or even individual research institutions ,to tackle them independently.联合式数据库在科学联网中,科学家们汇集其知识和发现的一种合作数据库(合作的一部分)。
计算机英语复习资料
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text(单选或多选)1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chip1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output System3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6. disk drives; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallel1. artificial; instructions2. low-level; high-level3. machine4. machine5. functional; logic6. statement7. module8. digital1. application; operating2. assemblers3. compiler4. interpreter5. debugger6. loop7. device driver8. John von Neumann1. off-the-shelf2. exclusive3. cascade4. requirements; integration5. throwaway6. immediate; stable7. reuse-oriented; framework8. software; compromises1. flat2. data3. application; administrators4. conceptual5. tables6. fragmented; replicated7. structured8. entity-relationship; attributesII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:(英译中或中译英)1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. neural network 神经网络3. parallel processing 并行处理4. 操作指令operating instructions5. function key 功能键，操作键6. voice recognition module 语音识别模块7. video game 电子游戏8. 操作系统operating system9. 易失性存储器volatile memory10. 磁盘驱动器disk drive11. storage register 存储寄存器12. function statement 函数语句13. assembly language 汇编语言14. data declaration 数据声明15. 可执行程序executable program16. 程序模块program module17. 条件语句conditional statement18. 赋值语句assignment statement19. 机器语言machine language20. pattern matching 模式匹配21. source file 源文件22. 解释执行的语言interpreted language23. 设备驱动程序device driver24. 目标代码object code25. 应用程序application program26. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试27. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）28. system evolution 系统演变29. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition30. 瀑布模型waterfall model31. 系统集成system integration32. 软件复用software reuse33. end user 最终用户，终端用户34. atomic operation 原子操作35. database administrator 数据库管理员36. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库37. 数据属性data attribute38. 全局控制总线global control bus缩略语的含义:1. BIOS 基本输入/输出系统2. CPU 中央处理哭3. CRT 阴极射线管4. IC 集成电路5. LCD 液晶显示(器)6. SQL 结构化查询语言7. USB 通用串行总线8. VLSI 超大规模集成的9. VIRUS 计算机病毒10. HTTP 超文本传输协议11. WWW 万维网12. PC 个人电脑13. DDR SDRAM 双倍速率同步动态随机存储器III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessar(完形填空)(只选十个空)A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a programknown as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of systemsoftware known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. Theconcept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers,programsthat translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languagesbecame more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality codein terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer scienceproblem in itself.III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: (完形填空)(只选十个空)A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languagesthat people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can runthe program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is notin machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, andloaders (加载程序)—finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personalcomputers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produceversions of the same。
计算机专业英语复习资料
Computer software system计算机软件系统Operating system操作系统Three dimensional三维Disk operating system磁盘操作系统Network operating system网络操作系统Office software办公软件Reading software阅读软件Typewriting software打字软件Antivirus software杀毒软件Download software下载软件Graphic design software图形设计软件Chatting software聊天软件Arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑单元Central processing unit中央处理器floppy disk软盘mobile hard disk移动硬盘electronic form电子表格word processing system文字处理系统device management设备管理software management软件管理file management文件管理job processing作业处理work book工作簿work sheet工作表web-camera摄像头graphical interface图形界面graphical browser图形浏览器graphical design图形设计windows operating system窗口操作系统management information system管理信息系统panda joss stick熊猫烧香hard disk硬盘mobile disk移动磁盘ROM read only memory只读存储器CPU central processing unit中央处理器USB universal serial通用串行总线PC personal computer个人计算机CD compact disk光盘3D three dimensional三维DOS disk operating system磁盘操作系统OS operating system操作系统WC water closet厕所BC Before Christ公元前ALU arithmetic logic unit运算逻辑单元RAM random access memory随机存储器DVD digital video disk数字视频磁盘VCD video compact disk视频光盘IT information technology信息技术IBM international business machines国际商用机MSN Microsoft network 微软提供的网络在线服务MOS multitask operating system多任务操作系统IS international standard国际标准EC electronic commerce电子商务CAD computer aided design计算机辅助设计An integrated computer has two parts。
计算机专业英语总复习
计算机专业英语总复习1.LSI :large-scale integrated circuit大规模集成电路2.VLSI :very large-scale integrated circuit超大规模集成电路3.vacuum tube真空管4.integrated circuit集成电路5.artificial intelligence 人工智能 AI6.parallel-processing并行处理7.A digital computer is generally made up of five distince elements:a central processing unit,input devices,memory storage devices,output devices,and a bus.8.Accroding to the text,modern digital computers can be divided into four major categories on the basis of cost and performance.They are microcomputers,workstations（工作站）,minicomputers（小型机）,and mainframes（大型机）.(The largest and fastest of these are called supercomputers巨型机.)9.The first electronic computers ,such as Colossus and ENIAC created in Britain and the US respectively ,used vacuum tubes（真空管）,which later gave place to transistors（晶体管）.10.microcomputer 微型计算机palmtop 掌上电脑——palmlaptop 笔记本电脑——lapdesktop 台式机——deskThe personal computer or microcomputer,a relatively low-cost machine,usually of desktop size (though"laptops"are small enough to fit in a briefcase, and "palmtops"can fit a pocket.)11.One important parallel-processing (并行处理)approach is the neural network ,which mimics the architecture of the nervous(神经系统的）system.12.One of the trends in computer development ismicrominiaturization（微小型化）.(superconductivity 超导性).第二章1.flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪2.parallel connection 并行连接串行连接serial connection3.操作系统operating system （OS）4.液晶显示（器）LCD (liquid crystal display)5.基本输入/输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)6.According to the text, the two main types of storage devices are disk drives（磁盘驱动器）and memory(存储器）.7.A computer bus consists of two channels : one that the CPU uses to locate data, called the address bus(地址总线）, and another to send the data to that address, called the data bus（数据总线）.8.output hardware：video display 视频显示器screenprinter 打印机9.input hardware：joystick 游戏柄、function key 功能键、trackball 轨迹球、scanner 扫描仪、microphone 麦克风第三章1.We can classify programming languages under two types:low-level languages and high-level languages.2.High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented(面向过程), functional(函数式), object-oriented(面向对象) ,or logic languages （逻辑语言).3.A machine language is a low-level language in binary code that a computer can understand and execute directly.4.High-level languages must first be translated into a machine language by another program called a compiler(编译器）before they can be understood and processed by a computer.5.function statement 函数语句object-oriented language 面向对象语言assignment statement 赋值语句conditional statement 条件语句data declaration 数据声明functional structure 功能结构object-oriented 面向对象logic language 逻辑语言6.In many programming languages , a key data type is a pointer(指针）.7.An expression(表达式）is a piece of a statement that describes a series of computations to be performed on some of the program's variables.8.Programmers use statement to manipulate common components of programming languages, such as variables and macros(宏）.第四章1. The most common subroutines ：function 函数、procedure 过程、library routine 库程序、system routine 系统程序、device driver 设备驱动2. A debugger(调试程序）is a program that often used to help find problems in other programs.3. A program called linker(连接器）comnines all of the translated pieces into a single executable program.4. There are three types of application programs to translate source code（源代码）into object code（目标代码）.They are compilers(编译程序）, interpreters（解释程序）,and assemblers （汇编程序）.。
计算机专业英语复习资料整理
英译汉汉译英翻译&简答1）The motherboard is the communications web for the entire computer system.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。
2）The central processing unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer.译:中央处理单元，即CPU，是计算机的“大脑”3）CPU consists of two function al units: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.译:CPU有两个功能单元：控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。
4）A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organized to accept, store and process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program.5）译:计算机是快速而精准的系统，它用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。
6）When people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the computer’s main memory (or primary memory) called random access memory or RAM, which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。
最强计算机基础英语总结
第十二章
1 Accoring to the text, the largest category of computer criminals is _employees_.
7.The smallest unit of information handled by a computer is bit, which is the abbreviation of binary digit , A group of eight bits makes up a(n) byte .
2 People who gain unauthorized access to a computer system for fun and challenge are called _hackers _.
3 Peopleuter system for malicious purposes are called _crackers_.
4.According to the text, modern digital computer can be divided into four major categories on the basis of cost and performance. They are microcomputers, workstations , minicomputers,and mainframes .
2 Most people use the terms “electeonic commerce” and “electronic__business_interchangeably.
计算机专业英语 复习
Chapter 11.Raw, unprocessed facts, including text, numbers, images, and sounds.a.data2.Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources。
h。
utilities3.Type of application programs that are more narrowly focused on specificdisciplines and occupations。
f。
specialized4.Also known as servers. b。
midrange computers5.The most widely used handheld computers are smartphones and ___。
d。
PDAs6.Type of memory that is sometimes referred to as temporary storagebecause its contents will typically be lost if the electrical power to the computer is disrupted. e。
RAM7.The most important kinds of secondary media are hard disks，solid—statestorage, and ___。
c。
optical disks8.The type of solid—state drive widely used for transporting data andinformation between computers and a variety of specialty devices。
g. USB9.Type of file created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things likebudgets and to predict sales。
计算机专业英语复习提纲
计算机专业英语复习提纲(注意：加粗单词为重点词汇)第一章1 The Invention of the ComputerENIAC---the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer,It was developed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania. The project began in 1943and was completed in 1946.ENIAC--- 电子数字积分计算机。
它是由宾夕凡尼亚大学的J. Presper Eckert 和John Mauchly 研制的。
该工程于1943年开始，并于1946年完成。
2 Computer Generations1. First-Generation Computers: 1951～1958First-generation computers were characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as their principal electronic component. V acuum tubes are bulky and produce a lot of heat, so first-generation computers were large and required extensive air conditioning to keep them cool. In addition, because vacuum tubes do not operate very fast, these computers were relatively slow.第一代计算机的特色是使用真空管为其主要电子器件。
真空管体积大且发热严重,因此第一代计算机体积庞大，并且需要大量的空调设备保持冷却。
计算机英语知识点汇总总结
计算机英语知识点汇总总结计算机英语是指与计算机相关的英语词汇和表达方式。
在当今信息化社会，计算机已经成为人们生活和工作中不可或缺的工具。
掌握计算机英语知识对于提高工作效率、开展国际合作和交流具有重要意义。
下面将对计算机英语的知识点进行汇总总结，方便大家学习和参考。
一、计算机硬件1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) - 中央处理器2. Random Access Memory (RAM) - 随机存取存储器3. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - 硬盘驱动器4. Solid State Drive (SSD) - 固态硬盘5. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) - 图形处理器6. Motherboard - 主板7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - 电源供应器8. Optical Drive - 光驱9. Peripheral - 外设10. Input Devices (Keyboard, Mouse) - 输入设备11. Output Devices (Monitor, Printer) - 输出设备二、计算机软件1. Operating System (OS) - 操作系统2. Application Software - 应用软件3. Programming Language - 编程语言4. Database Management System (DBMS) - 数据库管理系统5. Web Browser - 网络浏览器6. Antivirus Software - 杀毒软件7. Office Suite - 办公软件套件8. File Compression Software - 文件压缩软件9. Utility Software - 实用工具软件10. Open Source Software - 开源软件三、网络与通讯1. Internet - 互联网2. World Wide Web (WWW) - 万维网3. Website - 网站4. Domain Name - 域名5. IP Address - IP地址6. Router - 路由器7. Modem - 调制解调器8. Ethernet - 以太网9. Wireless - 无线10. Broadband - 宽带四、计算机安全1. Firewall - 防火墙2. Encryption - 加密3. Password - 密码4. Authentication - 认证5. Cyber Security - 网络安全6. Phishing - 钓鱼网站7. Malware - 恶意软件8. Vulnerability - 漏洞9. Patch - 补丁10. Data Breach - 数据泄露五、计算机术语与操作1. Desktop - 桌面2. File - 文件3. Folder - 文件夹4. Copy, Cut, Paste - 复制、剪切、粘贴5. Download - 下载6. Upload - 上传7. Install - 安装8. Uninstall - 卸载9. Update - 更新10. Backup - 备份六、计算机编程1. Syntax - 语法2. Variable - 变量3. Function - 函数4. Loop - 循环5. If-else Statement - if-else语句6. Object - 对象7. Class - 类8. Inheritance - 继承9. Debugging - 调试10. Algorithm - 算法七、计算机英语常用缩写1. CPU - Central Processing Unit2. RAM - Random Access Memory3. GPU - Graphics Processing Unit4. HDD - Hard Disk Drive5. SSD - Solid State Drive6. OS - Operating System7. DBMS - Database Management System8. IP - Internet Protocol9. DNS - Domain Name System10. HTML - HyperText Markup Language以上是关于计算机英语的知识点汇总总结，希望能够对大家的学习和工作有所帮助。
应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料
应用技术学院-计算机专业英语复习资料专业英语复习资料一、请写出以下单词的中文意思。
1、floppy disk软盘2、printer打印机3、optical disk光盘4、formatting toolbar 格式工具条5、formula方程式6、relational database关系数据库7、antivirus program抗病毒程序8、fragmented破碎9、user interface用户界面10、bus line总线11、smart card智能卡12、motherboard主板13、digital camera数码相机14、fax machine传真机15、ink-jet printer喷墨打印机16、access time访问时间17、direct access直接存取18、Bluetooth蓝牙19、digital signal数字签名20、protocols协议21、operating system 操作系统22．requirements analysis 需求分析23．network security 网络安全24．data structure 数据结构25．decision support system 决策支持系统26．software crisis 软件危机27．computer virus 电脑病毒28．email attachment 电邮附件29．central processing unit ( CPU )中央处理单元30．ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机31. multimedia 多媒体32. software life cycle软件生命周期33. structured programming 结构化程序34. functional testing 功能测试35. word processor 文字处理36. code windows 代码窗口37. firewall 防火墙38. LAN local area network局域网39. hacker 黑客40. switch 开关41．数据库管理系统database management system42．传输控制协议transmission control protocol43．多文档界面multiple document interface 44．面向对象编程Object-oriented programming 45．只读存储器read-only memory46．数字视频光盘Digital Video Disc47．计算机辅助设计computer aided design48．结构化查询语言Structured Query Language49．通用串行总线Universal Serial Bus50．企业之间的电子商务交易方式EDi二、单项选择题。
计算机专业英语(一)--07757-----15日上午-复习资料
计算机专业英语--07757-15日上午-复习资料一、选择填空题：1. How many layers does the ISO/OSI mode have? (seven )2.How many different types of Entity relationships are there?( 4 )3. How many parts are there in URL? (3 ) 04．How many record-based logical models are widely used ?( 3 )5.How many different types of Entity relationships are there?( 4 )6.How many layers does the TCP/IP layering model have? (5 )7.How many basic units do today's digital computers consist of? ( 4 )8. How many classes are the data models divided into?( 3 )9. How many basic operating system types are there? (3 )10. He had a large (number) of facts to prove his statements.11. He told me all (As a result ), he will have to be away from school for two or three months.12.How data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called (.bits )13. How many basic operating system types are there? (3 ).14. How many record-based logical models are widely used ?( 3)HTML stand for(Hypertext Markup Language ) 15.External devices are linked to a small computer system through (interfaces ). 16.CPU has only two fundamental sections: the arithmetic and logic unit and(the control unit ).17.arithmetic and logic unit executes instructionsCD-ROM belongs to (optical laser disk ) 18. Creating the database and its table structure uses (data definition )19. A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics and dataconstraints is a (data model )20. Another name for primary storage is (RAM ).21. A computer system has five parts, they are input, output, storage,control unit and (processing components ).22.A special type of primary storage which cannot be altered by the programmer is called (ROM )23. A list of protocols used by a certain system , one protocol per layer, is calleda (protocol stack )24.A computer system has four parts, they are output, storage, processing components and ( input )25. Another name for primary storage is (RAM ).26. A data model is a collection of conceptual tool for describing (data, data relationship, data semantics, data constraints )27.A communication pathway connecting two or more devices is a (channel )28.A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an (address )29. All functions in spreadsheets start with (an equal sign ).30. A bus that is used to designate the source or destination of the data on the data bus is called ( address bus )31. An E-mail server can be considered asa (powerful operating system )32.A computer system has five parts, they are input, output, processing components , control unit and (storage ).33.All Intranet related documents are written in(HTML )19. A programming technique that allows you to view concepts as a variety of objects is called (object oriented programming )34.A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an (address )35.A bus that is used to control the access to and the use of the data and address bus is called (control bus)36.A location in memory is accessed by its (address ).37. A small piece of code that can be transported over the Internet and executed on the recipient’s machine. The sentencedescribes (applet )38. An E-mail server can be considered asa (high-configuration computer ) .39. A protocol is a set of (regulations).40. All functions in spreadsheets startwith (an equal sign ）.41. A computer system has input, output,storage, and (CP ).42. A protocol is a set of (regulations).43.All Intranet related documents arewritten in (HTML)44.A bus that connects major computercomponents is called (system bus )45.A bus that is used to designate thesource or destination of the data on thedata bus is called ( address bus )46.A bus that provides a path for movingdata between system modules is called( data bus )47.A collection of conceptual tools fordescribing data, data relationships,（data semantics and data）48.A collection of interconnected networksis called an (internet )49.A communication pathway connecting twoor more devices is a (channel )50.A computer having the hardware andsoftware necessary for it to be connectedto a network. The sentence describes(Network Computer)51.A computer processes information into( data ).52.A computer system has input, output,(storage) and processing components.53.A display screen is divided into a gridof ( pixels ).54.A location in memory is accessed by its( address ).55.A multiprocessor system has( more thanone CPU )56.A protocol is a set of( regulations ).57.A small piece of code that can betransported over the Internet and executedon the recipient’s machine. The sentencedescribes (applet )58.A special type of primary storage whichcannot be altered by the programmer iscalled (ROM )59.A Web browser is a piece of(software ).60.All programs and data must betransferred to (primary storage ) from aninput device or from secondary storagebefore programs can be executed or data canbe processed61.All the characteristics thatdistinguish birds (from) other animals canbe traced to prehistoric times.62.An (Intranet ) is simply the applicationof Internet technology within an internalor closed usergroup63.An(MISD ) computer would apply severalinstructions to each datum it fetches formmemory64.An(SISD) computer carries out oneinstruction on one datum at a timeconstraints is a (data model )65. What does HTTP stand for? (HypertextTransfer Protocol )66.What does the WWW stand for?(World WideWeb )67. Which is an simply the application ofinternet technology within an internal orclosed group?( intranet )68. WWW stand for（World Wide Web）69. When a CPU needs the data to operate,it goes where first? (the cache ).70.What kind of computer would applyseveral instructions to each datum itfetches form memory? (MISD )71. What is a computer program? (a set ofinstructions )72.What is a set of programs thatmanipulate encoded knowledge to solveproblems in a specialized domain that81.normally requires human expertise?(Expert system )73.Which one can be rewritten? (U-DISK )74. When hypertext pages are mixed withother media, the result iscalled(hypermedia )75.What does a worksheet mean?(a workingarea framed by letters and numbers )76. What does A worksheet mean? (an EXCELprogram )77. What kind of computer would apply oneinstructions to each datum it fetches formmemory? (SISD )78.Which networks usually span tens ofkilometers?( Metropolitan area )79.What does IC stand for? (IntelligentCircuit )80.What you said reminds me(of somethingI read a few days ago.）81.Which description is false? (deltaframes don’t record the interframechanges )82.Which description is false?(The beautyof an Intranet lies in platformdependence )83.Which description is false?(We can’tview an OS as a resource allocator )84.Which description is true?(It’s notnecessary that different views shouldcontain different data )85.Which is a magnetic secondary storagedevice? (disk )86.Which is magnetic secondary storagedevices?( .tape )87.With optimal laser disk technology, theread/write head used in magnetic storage isreplaced by (two) lasers88.Would you mind (filling) this form?89.The way each object combines its memberdata and member functions into a singlestructure is called (Encapsulation )90.The standard query language ofrelational database is (SQL )91.The “brain” of a computer system is(CPU )92. The ISO/OSI mode has (seven ) layers93.The basic output device on a smallcomputer is a (display screen ).94.To prevent user programs frominterfering with the proper operation ofthe system, the hardware was modified tocreate two models: (User mode and monitormode )95.The realization of the mobile internetrelies on a new set of standards ,known asthe (WAP )96.The software that allows one or manypersons to use and/or modify this data isa (DBMS )97.The physical components of a computerare collectively called (hardware ).98.. The most popular processorinterconnection topology is the(hypercube ).99. The part of an instruction that tellsthe processor what to do is the(operand ).100.The part of an instruction that tellsthe processor what to do is the (operationcode ).101.The permanently useful data is storedin ( the ROM )102.The interference that distortselectronic signals transmitted over adistance is called (noise ).103.The WWW is based on which of thefollowing standards(client-server model )104. The Central Processor has only twofundamental sections(the control unit andthe arithmetic and logic unit)105.The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)reference model is based on a proposaldeveloped by (ISO ).106. The basic output device on a smallcomputer is a (display screen ).107.The software which acts as an interfacebetween a user of a computer and thecomputer hardware is (operating system )108.The protocol which downloads filesfree of charge from thousands of computersaround the globe is (FTP protocol )109.The “intelligence” of a computersystem is (processor )110.The Central Processor has only twofundamental sections (the control unit andthe arithmetic and logic unit )111.The computer component that actuallymanipulates the data is (theprocessor ).112.The data models don’t include(control unit models )113.The decision (having been making ),the next problem was how to make a goodplan.114.The house(standing ) at the corner ofthe street was built in 1984.115.The interference that distortselectronic signals transmitted over adistance is called (noise ).116.The kids are (bound to)be hungry whenthey get home—they always are.117.The most popular processorinterconnection topology is the(hypercube ).118.The physical components of a computerare collectively called (hardware ).119.The processor fetches and executes(instructions).120.The realization of the mobile internetrelies on a new set of standards ,known asthe (WAP )121.The smog is due to invisible gases,（mostly from automobile exhaust.）122.The software that allows one or manypersons to use and/or modify this data isa (DBMS )123.The software which acts as an interfacebetween a user of a computer and thecomputer hardware is (operating system )124.The source of a computer’s logic is(software ).125.The standard query language ofrelational database is (SQL )126.The steps that occur between theuser’s click and the page being displayeddon’t include (the TCP connection isn’treleased )127.The waveform repeats the same shape atregular intervals and this portion iscalled a (period )128.The WWW is（ based on client-servermodel standards）129.Three main categories of optical laserdisks don’t include (primary storage )130.To facilitate an even faster transferof instructions and data to the processor,most computers are designed with(Cachememory)131. Optical laser disk includes CD-ROM,magneto-optical disk and (WORM disk )132.Output devices don’t include(scanner )133.Output devices don’t include (mouse )134.Output devices don’t include(scanner )135. Objected-based logic models are usedfor ( describing data at the conceptual andview levels )136.Data and program instructions arestored in (memory ).137.If an object inherits its attributesfrom a single parent, it is called(singleinheritance )138. Programmers write ( source code ).139.（Primary storage） provides the CPUwith temporary storage for programs anddata140.Normally, how long does a user need towait until his/her E-mail account is readyif he/she applies for it from an ISP ? (notime )141.Before typing in any data, a user needsto (select the cell).142.Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase computer system(throughput )143..LCD is based on which of the following?(TFT )( It is not yet known )whether robots willone day have vision as good as human(database management system ) allows oneor many persons to use and/or modify thisdata(Expert system) is s set of programsthat manipulate encoded knowledge to solveproblems in a specialized domain thatnormally requires human expertise(Multimedia)is encoded at least through acontinuous and a discrete medium(the World Wide Web ) is an architecturalframework for accessing linked documentsspread out over thousands of machines allover the Internet(parallel OS ) is tightlycoupled144.Data and program instructions arestored in (memory ).145.Each cell of a worksheet can hold (onepiece of data ).146.Edison failed (thousands of ) timesbefore he succeeded in producing the firstelectric lamp.hard disk is a magnetic secondary storagedevice147.In computer networks, the rules and conventions used in the conversation are known as (protocol ) 148.Input devices don’t include (video displays ) 149.It is impossible to solve (so difficult problem ) in such a short time. 150.（LCD ）is based on TFT 151.Memory’s contents are changed when it is (written ). 152.Normally, how long does a user need to wait until his/her E-mail account is ready if he/she applies for it from an ISP ? (no time ) 153.Once a user starts an IRC client, the server on the IRC service provider side will provide the user a (channel ). 154.One of the methods (adopted ) is to organize visits to other factories. 155.Physical data models are used for (describing data at the lowest level ) 156.Polymorphism gives objects the ability to respond to (messages from ) routines when the object’s exact type isn’t known. 158. In C++ this ability is a result of (late binding ) 159.Processor has only two fundamental sections (the control unit and the arithmetic and logic unit) 160.Programs are known collectively as (software ).record-based logic models don’t include (Physical data model )\ 161.Scientists will have to come up (with ) new methods of increasing the world’s food supply. 162. Which of the following feature of a word processor becomes more useful with the growth of the amount of text?( wording searching) 163. Which of the following feature of a word processor can show underline, bold, italic, font and other typing styles on the screen? (WYSIWYG ) 164. Which of the following does NOT belong to hidden characters or commands? (retrieval) 165. Where is the Entry Bar of a worksheet?(below the icons of the worksheet ) 166. Which of the following can NOT be created by spreadsheets?(start chart ) 167. Which of the following message can be sent by E-mail without an attachment? (text message) 168. Which of the following can be applied for an E-mail message without an attachment? (none) 169. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the E-mail advantages? (none) 170. A private network-based E-mail system is not for (home users) 171. Which of the following is called a searching engine?(Web browser ) 172. Which of the following is NOT an Internet application?(file compiling) 173. To start an online chatting, a user needs to know the (Web address of an IRC client ) 174. Once a user starts an IRC client, the server on the IRC service provider side will provide the user a (channel ) 175. Which of the following is the primary function of the WWW? (accessing resources ) 176. Which of the following is NOT supported by the WWW? (File compiling) 177. To accommodate a binary number, which of the following of a computer doesn't have more digits than those for decimal numbers do? (keyboard ) 178. Which of the following unit provides signals to start the operations in the ALU the memory and the input/output unit? (control unit ) 179. What does IC stand for?( Intelligent Circuit ) 180. How many the most influential components does a computer system configuration include? (4 ) 181. Which of the following does NOT belong to one of the most influential components of a computer system configuration? (the operating system ) 182. Which of the following memory will lose the data stored in it when the power is gone or a malfunction occurs? (the RAM) 183. The permanently useful data is stored in which of the following memory? (the ROM ) 184. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output?( voice) 185. Which of the following does NOT belong to a computer hardcopy output device? (a monitor) 186. Which of the following belongs to an impact computer hardcopy output device? （a plotter ） 187. Which of the following is the major advantage of a DVD-ROM over a CD-ROM? （capacity ） 188. Which of the following is the major advantage of a CD-R or a CD-RW over a CD-ROM or a DVD-ROM? (writing data) 189. Which of the following is the major advantage of a U-disk over a hard disk? （easy to carry ） 190. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevant terminologies?( data) 191. Which of the following is the most fundamental concept of computer software?（program ） 192. Which of the following does NOT belong to computer system software? （word processing program ） 193. Which function of a word processor can ensure typing correctness?（spell checking ） 194. What do users need to do with the spell-checked files to ensure their correctness?（proofread ） 195. Which of the following is NOT one of a word processor's functions?（compiling typed text ） 196. Which of the following is NOT one of the most commonly used software-relevant terminologies?（ data ） 197. A computer processes data into ( information). 198. Data flow into the computer as(input ). 199. Information flows from a computer as ( output ) 200. The ( stored program )distinguishes a computer from a calculator. 201. The physical components of a computer are collectively called( hardware ) 202. Programs are known collectively as( software ) 203. A physical switch is (hardware ); its setting is(software ). 204. A ( byte ) holds enough bits to store a single character. 205. A ( word )is a group of ( bytes ) 206. The " digit-times-place-value "rule work, with (numbers )but not with( characters ) 207. When memory is(read ).its contents are not changed. 208. The programmer can read and write(RAM ). 209. What type of memory can only be read? ROM 210. The processor's, components are synchronized by( clock pulses ) 211. Which processor component executes instructions? (arithmetic and logic unit ) 212. The basic input device on a small computer is a ( keyboard ). 213. The basic output device on a small computer is a( display screen ) . 214. A (printer ) generates hard- copy output. 215. External devices are linked to a small computer system through( control units ) 216.The (register ) translates between the computer's internal codes and a peripheral device's external codes. 217. A(remote ) terminal communicates with a distant computer over data transmission lines. 218. (Wide area ) network can be worldwide. 219. (Metropolitan area )networks usually span tens of kilometers. 220.(The network layer ) is concerned with controlling the operation of the subnet. 221. (The physical layer ) is concerned with transmitting raw bits over a communication channel. 222. The main task of (The data link layer )is to transform a raw transmission facility into a line that appears free of undetected transmission errors to the network layer. 223.(The session layer )allows users on different machines to establish sessions between them. 224. The ( operating system )serves as ahardware/software interface.225. The source of a computer ’s logicis(software ).226. A disk drive is limited to afew( primitive operatios )227. Programmers write ( source )code.名词解释：1.class hierarchy 类层次2.XML 可扩展标记语言3.Intranet 内部网4.data bus 数据总线5.Operating system 操作系统6.CAD 计算机辅助设计7.Neural Networks 神经网络8. topology analysis 拓扑分析9.ADO ActiveX 数据对象10. multiprogramming 多道程序设计11. ODBC 开放数据库互连12.VR 虚拟现实13.cache memory 高速缓冲存储器14.FTP 文件传输协议15.system bus 系统总线16. GUI 图形用户界面17.ROM 只读存储器18.object-oriented programming 面向对象编程19.virtual reality 虚拟现实20.主存(Main memory )21.调制解调器(modem )22.可编程只读存储器 (PROM )23. off-line operation 脱机操作24.客户端/服务器(Client/Server )25.多媒体(Multimedia )26.虚函数(virtual function )27. neural network 神经网络28..VDT 视频显示终端29.EDI 电子数据交换30.CAM 计算机辅助制造31. RDBMS 关系型数据库管理系统32.database 数据库33.RAM 随机存储器工具条( toolbar )35.统一资源定位( URL )36.统一资源标识符( URI )37.人工智能( Artificial Intelligence )38. KDD 数据库中的知识发现39.面向对象(Object Oriented )40.图形用户接口(Graphical userinterface )41.中央处理器( CPU )42.计算机网络( computer network ）43.国际互联网 (Internet )44.计算机辅助制造( CAM )45.软件工程(software engineering )46.视频压缩(video compression )47.算术逻辑部件( ALU )48.计算机应用(computer application )49.电子商务(Electronic Business )50.虚拟现实(virtual reality )51. EJB 企业（Java Beans ）52.图形用户接口(Graphical userinterface )53.应用编程接口(API ）54.视频点播VOD55. memory stick 记忆棒56.传输控制协议/互联网协( TCP/IP )57.万维网( WWW )58.地理信息系统( GIS )59. RAP 快速应用程序原型技术60.只读存储( ROM )61.系统软件( system software )62.磁盘操作系(DOS )63.结构化查询语言( SQL )64.虚拟专用网( VPN )65.开放式系统互( OSI )66.个人数字助理(PDA )67. VLSI 超大规模集成电路68.带宽(bandwidth )69.集成电路(integrated circuit )70.结构化编程(Structured programming )71.复杂指令集计算机(CISC )72.短信消息服务(SMS )73.PCI 外围设备互连74.real time operating system 实时操作系统75.OODBMS 面向对象的数据库管理系统76.abstract data type 抽象数据类型77.abstract data type 抽象数据类型78.bit:位,二进制位79.bitmap:位图80.boot:引导,自举81.cache:高速缓存82.CAD 计算机辅助设计83.capacity:容量84.cursor:光标85.desktop:桌面86.disk:硬盘87.document:文档 88.DVD:数字视盘 89.E-mail:电子邮件 90.Ethernet:以太网 91.Expert System 专家系统 92.field:域 93.font:字体 94.Hard disk 硬盘 95.HTML 超文本标记语言 96.HTTP:超文本传输协议 97.icon:图标 98.input:输入 99.instruction:指令 100.ISP 因特网服务提供商 101.item:条目 102.KDD 数据库中的知识发现 103.keyboard:键盘 104.MIMD:多指令流多数据流 105.mouse:鼠标 106.multiprogramming 多道程序设计 work communication 网络通信 108.off-line operation 脱机操作 109.output:输出 110.package:包 111.pixel:像素 112.pointer:指针 113.primary memory 主存 114.processor:处理机 115.RAM 随机存储器 116.real time operating system 实时操作系统 117.SIMD:单指令流多数据流 118.SISD:单指令流单数据流 119.sort:排序,分类 120.system bus 系统总线 121.throughput:吞吐量 122.topology analysis 拓扑分析 123.virtual reality 虚拟现实 124.WAN 广域网 125.Web site 网站站点 126.超文本标记语言( HTML ) 127.超文本传输协议（HTTP ） 128.程序（program ） 129.电子邮件（:E-Mail ） 130.防火墙:（firewall ） 131.封装 (encapsulation ) 132.工具条 ( toolbar ) 133.工作站（workstation ） 134.光驱:（CD-ROM ） 135.国际互联网 (Internet ) 136.机器人（robot ） 137.集线器（hub ） 138.计算机(Computer ) 139.计算机辅助软件工程 (CASE ) 140.键盘 （keyboard ） 141.可编程只读存储器 (PROM ) 142.可移植性 (transportability ) 143.客户端/服务器 (Client/Server ) 144.软盘驱动器( FDD ) 145.数据（data ） 146.数据库管理系( DBMS ) 147.搜索引擎 (search engine) 148.随机存取存储器（RAM ） 149.网络计算机（network computer ） 150.文件:（file ） 151.下载:（download ） 152.小型计算机系统接口 （SCSI ） 153.协议（protocol ） 154.芯片（chip ） 155.虚函数(virtual function ) 156.指令:（instruction ） 157.主关键字（key ） 158.专家系统（expert system ） 判断题： 1.CD-R recorders are used to duplicate CDs( T ) 2.CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. ( T ) 3.CD-R recorders are used to duplicate CDs T ) 4.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T ) 5.C is an Object-Oriented programming language. ( F ) 6.The system clock is the brain of a computer. ( F ) 7.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T ) 8.Cache memory is less expensive than RAM.( F) 9.CD-R recorders can be used to duplicate CDs( T ) 10.C++ language is a structured programming language. (F ) 11.Cache memory is as fast as RAM. ( T ) 12.C++ language is a structured programming language.( F) 13.Cache memory is more expensive than RAM.( T )14.CPU has only one fundamental section: the control unit. ( F )15.Internet resources are stored on Web servers. ( T )16.Windows 2000 is the first Windows operating system in a real sense.( F ) 17.We can view an operating system as a resource manager. ( T )18.Windows 95 is the first Windows operating system in a real sense. ( T ) 19.We can view an OS as a resource manager. ( T )20.We can view an operating system as a output hardware. ( T )21.WWW stands for World Wide Web. ( T )22.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )23.You can connect 120 devices to a computer by USB. (T ）24.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )25.You can connect 127 devices to a computer by USB. ( T )26.You can connect 255 devices to a computer by USB. ( F )27.Keyboard and mouse are both the input devices of the computer. ( T )28.Both the user names and the passwords must be unique for E-mail accounts.( F ) 29.Buffering is an approach to improving system performance. ( T )30.Buffering is an approach to improving system performance. ( T )31.ALU is one of the components of CPU.( T ）32.A cache runs as fast as a RAM. ( F)33.An OS is the software which acts as an interface between a user and a computer. ( T )34.A buffer's capacity is low and price is high, and it runs as fast as a RAM. ( F ) 35.A CPU includes the ALU and the controller. ( T )36.ALU is one of the components of CPU. ( T ）37.JAVA is a Object-Oriented programming language.(T )38.A scanner belongs to the output device. ( F )39.A U-disk belongs to the output device.( T )40.PROM is the abbreviation of portable read –only memory. ( F )41.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F)42.Printer is the input device of the computer. ( F)43.Microsoft Windows 2000 is an operating system of the computer. ( T )44.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F)45.Printer is the input device of the computer. ( F)46.PCIisabbreviationofperipheralcomponen tinterconnect.( T )47.Primary storage provides CPU with temporary storage for programs and data. (T)48.Printer is the I/O device of the computer. ( T )49.The system clock sends out pulses regularly. ( T )50.PDA is one of the components of CPU. ( F )51.PCI is a popular low-bandwidth bus. ( F )52.FTP is a protocol of the computer network. ( T )53.PROM is the abbreviation of portable read –only memory.（T )54.HTTP stands for High Transportation Port. ( F )55.Hard disks and floppies operate in different ways. ( F)56.Hard disk provides CPU with temporary storage for programs and data. (F)57.Cache memory is much faster than RAM. ( T）58.HTML is used to write Web pages.( T)59.HTTP is used to locate Internet resources. ( F )60.VDT stands for video display terminal. (T)61.System bus provides a path for moving data between system modules. ( F ）62.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB of data. ( F )63.There 3 main categories of optical laser disks: CD-ROM, DVD and VCD. ( F )64.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB of data. ( F )65.The user name must be unique for E-mail accounts. ( T ) 66.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F ）67.The Web browser is used to display thedata stored on the Internet. ( T )68.The wide of the bus is also called the"word length". ( T )69.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F )70.The CPU is the brain of a computer( T )71.The single-sided DVD can store 6.5GB ofdata. ( F )72.To format a floppy means that magneticareas are created. (T )73.Microsoft SQL server 2000 is anoperating system of the computer. ( F )74.Microsoft Office 2003 is operatingsystem software. ( F )75.-DOS refers to Microsoft Disk OperatingSystem. ( T )76.MS Office 2000 is the first Windowsoperating system in a real sense. ( F )77.Microsoft Office 2003 is an operatingsystem software. ( F )78.MS-DOS is a Object-Oriented programminglanguage. ( F )79.MS Windows 2000 is a hardware componentof computer.（F)80.DVD provides CPU with temporary storageprogramdata.( F )81.JAVA is a structured programminglanguage. ( F )82.JAVA is a Object-Oriented programminglanguage. （ T )83.ROM is the abbreviation of read ofmemory. ( F )84.OS is the software which acts as aninterface between a user and a computer.( T )85.FTP is not a protocol of the computernetwork. ( F )86.FTP is a protocol of the computernetwork. ( T )87.Linux is an operating system. ( T )88.URL is used to locate Internet resources.( T )89.E-mail is a method of sending andreceiving messages on the Internet. ( F )90.XML is used to write Web pages.( F )91.A buffer's capacity is low and price ishigh, and it runs as fast as a RAM. ( F )92.A scanner belongs to the output device.( F )93.A U-disk belongs to the outputdevice.( T )94.Both the user names and the passwordsmust be unique for E-mail accounts.( F )95.C is an Object-Oriented programminglanguage. ( F )96.FTP is not a protocol of the computernetwork. ( F )97.Hard disk provides CPU with temporarystorage for programs and data. (F )98.HTML is used to write Web pages.( T)99.Linux is an operating system. ( T )100MS-DOS refers to Microsoft DiskOperating System. ( T )101.Primary storage provides CPU withtemporary storage for programs and data.(T)102.The smallest unit of the memory is themagnetic cell.( T)103. Magnetic cells use the "write" and"read" currents with same direction tostore and retrieve data.( F)104. The most influential component of acomputer system configuration is thememory.( F )105. Both ink-jet and laser printers arenon-impact printers; they are based on thesame principle. （F）106. Ink-jet printers have pins in theirprinting heads to form dots to produceprinted results.（ F）107. A plotter is the popular hardcopyoutput device commonly used in theeducation sector. （F）108. Word processors ease much of tediumassociated typing, proofing. andmanipulating words. （T）109.The real strength of a word processoris its ability to store, retrieve , andchange data. （T）110.The implementation of the WWW is basedon a standard client-server model. （T）111.All Von Neumann type digital computersconsist of the input/output unit, thearithmetic unit, networking unit, thecontrol unit and the memory. （F）112.A scanner belongs to the input/outputdevice. （T）113. A binary number needs more computerresource to accommodate than a decimalnumber.（T）114.The operations on decimal numbers aremuch easier and need much less time than ina binary system. （F）115. HTML is so important to the WWW thatit is recognized every where on the WWW.（F）116. The Web server is the only componentof the WWW that is able to read the HTML.（F）117. Generally speaking, most of E-mailsystems do allow text formatting.（F）118. Users have to attach word-formattedtexts to their E-mail messages if they haveto send word-formatted texts. （T）119.Instantaneousness and high efficiencyare major advantages of the E-mailapplication. （T）连线题：1. Computer software A. provides supportfor application software.2.System utilities B refers toMicrosoft Disk Operating System.3.System software C is a set of computerprograms.4. Operating systems D. has been widelyused in CAD programs.5.MS-DOS E. are more suitable for PCusers.6. The Unix F. can be understood assystemtune-up programs.7. The Linux G. are truly powerfulenterprise-level computing tools.8. The Unix and Linux H. is the firstWindows operating system in a real sense.9. MS Windows I. has been adopted fornternet servers.10. Windows 95 J. are preloaded ontocomputers by computer makers.11. The storage device A. sends outpulses regularly.12. A CPU includes B. faster than a RAM.13.The wide of the bus C. the ALU and thecontroller.14. The system clock D. is used to readand write data.15. ROM E. belongs to the systemconfiguration of a computer.16. A buffer runs F. the buffer firstwhen it needs data to operate.17. A CPU searches G. exchangesections of data when necessary.18. A hard disk and a RAM H. is theextension of the RAM.19. A RAM I. is able to keep the datastored in it when the power is gone.20. The virtual memory J. is also calledthe "word length"连线结果：1-C 2-F 3-A 4-J 5-B 6-D7-I 8-G 9-E 10-H 11-E 12-C 13-J14-A 15-I 16-B 17-F 18-G 19-D20-H填空题：1.Thread is sometimes called lightweightprocess.2.A collection that stores objects of thesame data type is referred to asa homogeneous collection.3.A virus scanner is a program that isdesigned to check an entire computer systemfor known viruses or suspicious activity.4.A stack is a list of items that areaccessible at only one end of the list.5. Electronic Business is the integrationof IT and particularly the Internet intobusiness processes to change organizationsand create new ones.6. Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase the computer systemthroughput .7.The operating system acts as the managerof system resources and allocates them tospecific programs and users as necessaryfor their tasks.8.Hubs can be categorized as either CSMA/CDor full-duplexrepeaters.9.Frequency division multiplexing (FDM)is the technical term applied to a networksystem that uses multiple carrierfrequencies to allow independent signalsto travel through a medium.10、The Unified Modeling Language(UML)is agraphical language for visualizing ,specifying , constructing , anddocumenting the artifacts of asoftware-intensive system.11. Data query uses a set of commands toexplore the database contents and allowsthe user to convert the raw data into usefulinformation.12.Another important object-orientedconcept that relates to the class hierarchyis that common messages can be sent to theparent class objects and all derivedsubclass objects. In formal terms, this iscalled polymorphism.13.Anentity is an object , which can beuniquely distinguished from other objects.14.Remote teleworkers also have the optionto have an ISDN line installed to their homeor office , linking them to the corporateIntranet via a local internet serviceprovider(ISP).15.In predicate calculus , eachpredicate is given a name , which isfollowed by the list of arguments.16. Virtual functions utilize a table foraddress information.17.The MAC sublayer defines the CarrierSense Multiple Access with CollisionDetection protocol , which made Ethernetfamous.18.Pages are viewed with a browser .19.An expert system’s knowledge isobtained from expert sources and coded ina form suitable for the system to use in itsinference or reasoning processes.20.Windows managers manage the devicesused to exchange information betweenapplications and users.21.Methods are similar to the functions ofprocedure-oriented programming.The C++ class actually serves as atemplate or pattern for creating objects.22.The private section of a class limits theavailability of data or methods to theclass itself.23.Flash memory is intermediate betweenEPROM and EEPROM in bith cost andfunctionality.24.Inheritance in object-orientedprogramming allows a class to inheritproperties from a class of objects.25.The Entity-Relationship model( E-Rmodel )is based on a perception of a realworld which consists of objects calledentities and relationships among theseobjects.26.Linux is an operating system , whichacts as a communication service between thehardware and the software of a computersystem.27.Spooling provides a pool of jobs whichhave been read and waiting to be run.28.Data management uses a set of commandsto enter , correct , delete , and updatedata within the database tables.29.The pattern of the oscillation iscalled a waveform .30.Moore observed that the number oftransistors that could be put on a singlechip was doubling every year and 27. Toreduce design complexity , most networksare organized as a series oflayer( levels ) , each one built upon theone below it.31.correctly predicted that this pacewould continue into the near future.32.Thread is sometimes called lightweightprocess.33.A collection that stores objects of thesame data type is referred to asa homogeneous collection.34.A virus scanner is a program that isdesigned to check an entire computer systemfor known viruses or suspicious activity.35.A stack is a list of items that areaccessible at only one end of the list.36.Electronic Business is the integrationof IT and particularly the Internet intobusiness processes to change organizationsand create new ones.37.Cache memory is employed by computerdesigners to increase the computer systemthroughput .38.The operating system acts as the managerof system resources and allocates them tospecific programs and users as necessaryfor their tasks.39.Hubs can be categorized as eitherCSMA/CD or full-duplexrepeaters.。
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英译汉汉译英翻译&简答1）The motherboard is the communications web for the entire computer system.译:主板是整个计算机系统的沟通网。
2）The central processing unit (CPU) is the “brain” of the computer.译:中央处理单元，即CPU，是计算机的“大脑”3）CPU consists of two function al units: the control unit and the arithmetic-logic unit.译:CPU有两个功能单元：控制单元和算术-逻辑单元。
4）A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organized to accept, store and process data, and produce results under the direction of a stored program.5）译:计算机是快速而精准的系统，它用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。
6）When people use the term “memory” in reference to computers, they are almost always referring to the computer’s main memory (or primary memory) called random access memory or RAM, which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.译:当人们谈及计算机用到“内存”这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。
7）RAM holds the program and data that the CPU is presently processing.译:RAM存储计算机正在加工的程序和数据。
8）How many categories can computer hardware be divided into?答:Computer hardware can be divided into four categories: CPU, storage devices, input devices and output devices.译:计算机硬件可以分为四个部分：中央处理器、存储设备、输入和输出设备。
9）Do you know the main types of memory? What are they?答:There are three well-known types of memory chips: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS).译:有三类众所周知的内存条：随机存取存储器（RAM）、只读存储器（ROM）和互补金属-氧化半导体（CMOS）。
1）There are three types of language translators: assembler, compiler and interpreter.译:语言翻译器有三种：汇编程序，编译程序和解释程序。
2）The main function s of operating systems: job management, memory management and device management.译:操作系统的主要功能：工作管理、内存管理和设备管理。
3）What is software? How many kinds is it divided into?答:①A computer must be supplied with instructions so that it knows how to perform tasks. These instructions are called software.②Computer software can generally be divided into basic kinds: system software and applicationsoftware.②译:计算机软件通常被分为两类：系统软件和应用软件。
4）Do you know the main kinds of system software? What are they?答:System software is made up of four kinds of programs: operating system, utilities, device drivers and language translators.译:系统软件分为四类：操作系统，实用程序，设备驱动程序和语言翻译器。
5）How many types of paragraph alignment? Please list them.答:There are five types of paragraph alignment: justified, centered, left, right and distributed.译:段落对齐有五种类型：两端对齐、居中、左对齐、右对齐和分散对齐。
6）In a worksheet, if we want to change data into charts, what function should we use?答:Use Chart Wizard.1）Traditionally, computer programming languages are divided into four levels, which are as follows: machine language, assembly language, high-level languages, and object-oriented programming languages.译:传统上将计算机程序设计语言划分为4个级别，它们是：机器语言、汇编语言、高级语言、面向对象的程序设计语言。
2）So we can say machine language is the language made up of binary-coded instructions that is used directly by the computer.译:所以，我们可以说，机器语言是一种由二进制代码指令所组成的，由计算机直接使用的语言。
3）What language is the only language that a computer can identify and carry out directly?答:Machine is the only language that a computer can identify and carry out directly.4）What are the characteristics of Java?答:Java has the following features: simple, object-oriented, distributed, interpreted, robust, secure, portable, platform-independent, and multithreading.译:Java具有如下特征：简单性、面向对象、分布式、解释性、健壮、安全性、可移植性、平台无关性、多线程。
1）The relational data model represents all data in the database as simple two-dimensional tables called relations.译:关系数据模型用一种称之为关系的简单的二维表来表示数据库中的所有数据。
2）By data manipulation, we mean:The retrieval of information stored in the database.The insertion of new information into the database.The deletion of information from the database.The modification of information stored in the database.译:数据操纵的意思是指：对存储在数据库中的信息进行检索。
向数据库中插入新的信息。
从数据库中删除数据。
修改数据库中存储的信息。
3）Examples of Web Databases in Use: Information retrieval, E-Commerce and E-Business, Dynamic W eb page.译:网络数据库使用示例：获取信息、电子商务、动态网页。
4）The “dynamic” word is used with Web sites to refer to custom results individualized to each user in contrast to the static Web pages that do not change.译:“动态”这个词与网站用在一起是指每个用户所得到的网页是个性化的，而不是一成不变的静态网页。
5）What can a database simply be defined as?答:A database can simply be defined as a structured set of data.译:数据库可以简单界定为一个结构化的数据集。
1）It means that computer information can be represented through audio, graphics, images, video and animation to traditional media (i.e. texts, drawings, etc.).译:这意味着计算机信息可以通过传统媒体（文本、图画等）以外的音频、图像、影像、视频和动画等形式表现出来。
2）Multimedia in education & training: Multimedia in business, Multimedia in entertainment, Multimedia in public places.译:多媒体应用:教育培训中的多媒体、商业中的多媒体、娱乐中的多媒体、公共场所的多媒体3）Literally, the word “multimedia” is derived from the combination of “multi” and “media” whose care is the media.译：就字面意义而言，“多媒体”这个词来自“multi”和“media”的合成，其核心是媒体。