同位语从句语法及联系
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同位语从句(Appositive Clauses)
一、概念
1. 同位语:紧跟在名词或代词之后,用于说明该名词或代词是何人、何物的
词语叫做同位语。
We Chinese love our country. 我们中国人热爱我们的祖国。
主语同位语
I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of.
作为年纪最小的儿子的我经常受到最好的照顾。
This word, dyeing, is often misspelled. Dyeing这个单词经常被拼错。
【活学活用】
①我们学生应该努力学习。
__________________________________________________
②这是我的名字,Tony。___________________________________________
2. 同位语从句:在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定:我们必须立即行动。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
二. 同位语从句的功能及引导词
1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,置于某些抽象名词之后。换言之,同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系,对其内容作进一步说明。常见的名词有:fact(事实),idea(想法),news(新闻),belief(信念),message(信息),proposal(建议),proposition(建议),evidence(证据),proof(证据),possibility(可能性),suggestion(建议)等。
The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
命令士兵纹丝不动站在原地是将军发出的。
2. 引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接副词how, when, where等。
(注:if和which不能引导同位语从句。)例如:
⑴如同位语从句意义完整,应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成
分,只起连接作用,但不可省略)
The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
【活学活用】翻译
①你在哪儿听说我不能来?
__________________________________________________
②李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。
_______________________________________________________________ ⑵如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“是否”的含义,用whether引导同位语从
句。(注:if不能引导同位语从句)
Li asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading.
李问我这小说是否值得读。
【活学活用】翻译
①我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
___________________________________________________________
②我不知道他是否回来。________________________________________
⑶如同位语从句意义不完整,需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”
等含义,用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
他是怎么回家的,我没有什么印象,也许是骑自行车回家的。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
【活学活用】翻译
①我不知道他何时会离开。
______________________________________________
②他们如何克服困难的,我没有印象。
________________________________________
③她提出这个问题:我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
________________________________________________________
三、注意事项
1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)从意义上看:同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词短语所表达的内容可以划上一个等号。例如:
He heard the news that his team had won. (the news= his team had won)
He came to the decision that he must act at once. (the decision =he must act at once)
★★★或者说,同位语从句可以变为中心词的表语从句,而定语从句则不能:
① He came to the decision that he must act at once.
→ The decision was that he must act at once.
中心词表语从句
② The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
→The news was that we are having a holiday tomorrow.
中心词表语从句
▲对比:
The news that appeared in the papers this morning was well received. (此句为
定语从句,the news ≠that appeared in the papers this morning,也不能变成中心词的表语从句:The news was that appeared in the papers this morning。(×))
(2)从that从句的语法功能上看:定语从句中的that是属于关系代词既代替先行词,同时可以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位语从句中的that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分,但也不能省略。★试比较:
①The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
②The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)