语法讲解——同位语从句
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Grammar
• 同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要 从句之一 ，大家还记得名词性从 句包括哪几种从句吗？
• 主语从句
• 表语从句
• 宾语从句
• 同位语从句
语法讲解(一)
1. 同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名 词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情 况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短 语或从句充当。
2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night. We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.
book said was right.
A. what that
B. that what
C. that
D. whether
2. I have no idea _______. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned
e.g. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back.
注意: 同位语从句有时被别的词把它 和名词隔开：
The story goes that Marry killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.
⑵ 同位语从句的表现形式: ① 由that引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
Word came that he had been aboard.
② 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.
④ 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常 可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.
⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完 整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.
③ 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时 也可用when, where, who, whether等引 导; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?
2. Some researchers believe that there is
no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be
found. (05广东卷)
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
3. Danby left word with my secretary
4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea. We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.
5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people. The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句)
Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)
② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻 辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)
The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关 系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)
_________ he would call again in the
afternoon. （05浙江卷）
A．who
B．that
C．as
D．which
⑷ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ① 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽 象的也有不抽象的。
翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。
6. We don’t think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句)
7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句)
高考题
1. Along with the letter was his promise
____ he would visit me this coming
Christmas. ( 2004春季上海 )
A. which
B. that
C.ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้what
D. whether
答案B。这是一个同位语从句, 解释 promise的具体内容, 要用that引导。
8. Whether they are coming or not don’t matter too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句)
9. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句)
10. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句)
同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词
Jim, my brother, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词
I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词
She is the youngest among them five.
(4) 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
improved his English in such a short time. 15.W__h_a_twe need is more money.
16. The truth t_h_a_tthe earth turns around the sun is known to us.
17. W__h_e_n_ and w__h_e_r_e we will meet has not been decided yet.
练习 把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从 句的复合句。
1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
(5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
(6) 由of引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2008. 自从2008年以来, 北京市发生了很 大的变化。
11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句)
用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 12. I can’t decide w__h_i_ch_ book I should buy. 13. China is no longer w__h_a_t it used to be. 14. I am very interested in _h_o_w_ he
He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.
单项选择
1. One of them held the view __ the
语法讲解(二)
2. 同位语从句the Appositive clause (1) 同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为 同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句 的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth ,
hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名 词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解 释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同 位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。
3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view. Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
③ 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go.
⑶ 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其 前面的名词或代词。有时同位语 直接跟在名词或代词的后面。
• 同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要 从句之一 ，大家还记得名词性从 句包括哪几种从句吗？
• 主语从句
• 表语从句
• 宾语从句
• 同位语从句
语法讲解(一)
1. 同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名 词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情 况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短 语或从句充当。
2. The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night. We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.
book said was right.
A. what that
B. that what
C. that
D. whether
2. I have no idea _______. A. how to do B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife D. how much have they earned
e.g. The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. I have no idea when he will come back.
注意: 同位语从句有时被别的词把它 和名词隔开：
The story goes that Marry killed the king with an arrow. Word came that their team had won.
⑵ 同位语从句的表现形式: ① 由that引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.
Word came that he had been aboard.
② 由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.
④ 引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常 可省略。 The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting.
⑤ 同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完 整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won.
③ 同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时 也可用when, where, who, whether等引 导; 定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。 Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed. Do you know the place where he was born?
2. Some researchers believe that there is
no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be
found. (05广东卷)
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
3. Danby left word with my secretary
4. Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea. We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.
5. Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people. The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句)
Those who want to go please sign their names here. (定语从句)
② 同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻 辑关系； 定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的 主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语)
The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us. (同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关 系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded 的逻辑状语)
_________ he would call again in the
afternoon. （05浙江卷）
A．who
B．that
C．as
D．which
⑷ 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ① 同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽 象的也有不抽象的。
翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。
6. We don’t think you two have met before. 我们想你们两位以前没有见过面。 (宾语从句)
7. It is certain that John will do well in his exam. 约翰肯定会考好。 (主语从句)
高考题
1. Along with the letter was his promise
____ he would visit me this coming
Christmas. ( 2004春季上海 )
A. which
B. that
C.ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้what
D. whether
答案B。这是一个同位语从句, 解释 promise的具体内容, 要用that引导。
8. Whether they are coming or not don’t matter too much. 他们来不来无关紧要。 (主语从句)
9. Now is when we need him most. 现在是我们最需要他的时候。 (表语从句)
10. I have no idea how she got through the forest. 我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。 (同位语从句)
同位语的表现形式有以下几种： (1) 名词
Jim, my brother, is a handsome boy. (2) 代词
I myself will do the experiment. (3) 数词
She is the youngest among them five.
(4) 从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。
improved his English in such a short time. 15.W__h_a_twe need is more money.
16. The truth t_h_a_tthe earth turns around the sun is known to us.
17. W__h_e_n_ and w__h_e_r_e we will meet has not been decided yet.
练习 把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从 句的复合句。
1. Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.
(5) 由such as, that is引导 Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。
(6) 由of引导 The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2008. 自从2008年以来, 北京市发生了很 大的变化。
11. The fact that they won the prize made us happy. 他们获奖的事实令我们高兴。 (同位语从句)
用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。 12. I can’t decide w__h_i_ch_ book I should buy. 13. China is no longer w__h_a_t it used to be. 14. I am very interested in _h_o_w_ he
He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.
There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.
单项选择
1. One of them held the view __ the
语法讲解(二)
2. 同位语从句the Appositive clause (1) 同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为 同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句 的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。
它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth ,
hope , problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question 等名 词的后面, 对前面的名词作进一步的解 释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同 位语从句的词有连词that, 连接副词how, when, where, whether, what等。
3. Teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online. /Many Chinese parents hold the view. Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldn’t spend too much time online.
③ 由when引导 I have no idea when they will go.
⑶ 有时可用 namely (即), that is to say (也就是说), in other words (换句话说), that is (那就是), for example 等引出同位语, 说明其 前面的名词或代词。有时同位语 直接跟在名词或代词的后面。