翻译lecture six

Group competition
1．I am looking forward to the holidays． 我在等待假日的到来. 2．Much of our morality is customary． 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness， affection weakness，thrift avarice． 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺 爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
• 本电扇款式新颖，造型雅致，色彩鲜艳，色泽调 和。是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。
Question for thought
• What is the purpose of using amplification in translation? • A) to make the version natural and fluent • B) to achieve rhetoric effects • C) to adequately render the original meaning
Eight translation techniques 1．增译法(amplification)； 2．重译法(repetition)； 3．减译法(omission)； 4．词类转移法(conversion)； 5．词序调整法(inversion)： 6．分译法(division)； 7．正说反译，反说正译 (negation)； 8．语态变换法(the change of the voices)
• 事实上，她们都是非常优雅的女士；她们并不是不
会谈笑风生，问题是要碰到她们高兴的时候；她们 也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于她们是否乐意 这样做；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大
• The fan，with its modern，elegant，bright，and harmoniously colored design，is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days．
气助词”添词
虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
• Modesty helps one to go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind．
跑了和尚跑不了庙。
• The monk may run away，but the temple can’t run away with him.
After-class assignment
1. 这个小男孩饭前都洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。 2. 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修 改的地方。这样你才能把工作做好。 3 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 4．My work，my family，my friend are more than enough to fill my time． 5．To erห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ is human，to forgive divine．
（1） Amplification 增译法
Three types: Semantic amplification Grammatical amplification Rhetoric amplification
Semantic amplification
• The crowds melted away .
类似词汇如： arrogance, indifference, tension， confusion, solution, remedies, jealousy, faultfinding
• The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable, and without echoes.
4 Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学 使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。 5 As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement． 作为一个东方人，我不得不为贵国所取得的历史性成 就感到骄傲。
• 6 A fool and his words are soon parted；a man of genius and his money. • 7 One cannot learn to produce a sound from an explanation only，or get a correct idea of a flavor from a description：a sound must be heard，a color seen，a flavor tasted，all odor inhaled． • 8 Now, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar．
留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
• So long as green hills remain，there will never be a shortage of fire-wood．
• 增补连词。。。。。。。
Rhetoric amplification
They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited
这之前，基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下榻。
• 增补概括性的词…….
His diligence，earnestness，carefulness and brilliance make him praised by all．
他勤勉、踏实、细心、才华过人，这些优良品 质使他受到众人的夸奖。
Mr Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon． • 直到昨天下午霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论 了我的各项建议。 Consider my auto-repairman，again．He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me．
•
• 5 犯错乃人之常情，宽恕乃神之圣行。
• 6愚人会很快忘记说过的话，智者会很快放弃手里的 钱。 • 7人不能只从讲解中学会发音，也不能光靠看说明而 真正体会出某种滋味来：声音必须耳闻，颜色必须 目见，滋味必须口尝，气味必须吸入.
• 8我决定对词汇要像守财奴那样不轻易放过；也要像 穷人过日子，把每个句子当做身边最后一块钱，尽 量拖延，慢慢花掉。
人群渐渐散开了 .
We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深感染 .
He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.
loftiness patriot: 英语习惯运用抽象词汇，而 汉语习惯运用具体词汇 将 “抽象概念变为 具体概念”，
这个会议室有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时髦、无 回声。
The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.
美俄双方已进行了一系列的秘密磋商
Henry Kissinger had slept there before， in July and again in October．
A ring road lies on the site of an old city wall which has been moved.
旧的城墙已经拆掉，原来的墙址上修了一条环城 马路
• According to our record，your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from us．Unfortunately the business between us • has been interrupted in the last few years． •
• 根据我们的记录，贵公司过去购买我们的化工产 品的数量相当可观，可惜近年来业务一度中断了。 • Man，was，is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions．
• 人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条 件。
• Was as poor as we are. Had never thought has been moved…采用“语法时间状语或语
• 3The magistrates are free to burn down houses while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps． (One man may steal a horse while another may not look over the hedge．) • 4上班，做家务，交朋友，(这些)占用了我的全部时间。
• 老人说，“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。
他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。”
• I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.
以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为 我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但 这次情况确是如此 。
• 1 The little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins. • 2Before handing in your translation，you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved．Only thus can you do your work well .
你再想想我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯，每 次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。
增补表示复数概念的词 。 。 。。 。。
Grammatical amplification
The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”