定语从句的译法概要

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5.He gave me a fountain pen, which I kept to this day.
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6.I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I was to appear at the
meeting.
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7.He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.
• 限制性定语从句（1 period） • 非限制性定语从句（1 period） • 兼有状语功能的定从（1 period） ）
Teaching Postscripts
• 本讲主要介绍英汉翻译中定语从句的译法，定 语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语 从句。对于限制性限制性定语从句一般采用前 置法、后置法和融合法，而对于非限制性定语 从句可以采用前置法、后置法或译成独立句。 兼有状语职能的定语从句应从原文的字里行间 发现逻辑关系，然后译成汉语各种相应的偏正 复句。同学们需要进一步在多读多练上下工夫。
后置法
• 有些定语从句结构比较复杂，译成汉语 前置定语显得太长，不符合汉语表达习 惯时，往往可以译成后置的并列分句。
1．They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. • 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力，这个理想是每个中 国人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为了这个理想 而牺牲了自己的生命。(重复英语先行词)
• 1．We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
• 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有国籍的某些标志。
• 2. nuclear weapons, which are after all created by man, certainly will be eliminated by man.
• 大使只宴请了几个人，因为他特想和这 些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。
译成表结果的分句
• There was something original, independent,
and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
• 这个方案富于创造性，独出心裁，很有魄力，所 以使他们都很喜欢。
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10.Those who are in favor please hold up their hands.
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11.My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keenLeabharlann Baidusportsman.
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12. She is going to spend the summer in Shanghai, where she has some friends.
第十讲 定语从句的译法
Study Objectivities Main Points
Key and Difficult Points Teaching Contents
Teaching Postscripts
Study Objectivities
了解英汉翻译中定语从句的译法
Main Points
• 但密格尔的富有感染力的笑声打破了静默.
后置法
• A 译成并列分句
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He told the accident to Frederic, who told it to
Peter’s wife, Janet.
• 他把这起事故告诉了弗雷德里克, 弗雷德里克又告诉了彼 得的妻子珍妮特。（如果把who译成他，就会指代不清）
• 核武器毕竟是人类创造的，也一定有人类销毁。
二、非限制性定语从句
• 英语非限制性定语从句对先行词不起限 制作用，只对它加以描写、叙述或解释。 翻译这类从句时可采用前置法或后置法。
前置法
• 一些较短而具有描写性的英语非限制性定语从句， 也可以译成带“的”的前置定语，放在被修饰词的 前面；但这种处理方法不如用在英语限制性定语从 句那样普遍。
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8.He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for.
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9.I have not given up my effort to get a passport , that will enable me to visit the
South Africa.
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13. The little girl who was afraid of waking her father walked quietly out of the
room.
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14. I cannot afford do buy the car, which is too expensive.
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15. China, which abounds in material and spiritual resources, is destined to play a
• 2． She is the teacher who is moving into social activities.
• 她是个教师，正在从事社会活动。(省略英语先行词)
融合法
• 融合法是指把原句中的主语和定语从句融合在一起 译成一个独立句子的一种翻译方法。由于限制性定 语从句与主句关系密切，所以融合法比较适用于翻 译限制性定语从句。英语中的there be 结构往往 就是这样处理的。
• 1．The people who worked for him live in mortal fear of him.
• 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。
• 2．We should know such symbols as are
used to represent chemical elements. • 我们应该知道那些用以表示化学元素的符号。
• 1．There are many people who want to see the film.
• 许多人要看这部电影。
• 2．There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
• 楼下有人要见你。
• 此外，还有些带有定语从句的英语复合句， 译成汉语时可将英语主句压缩成汉语词组作 主语，而把定语从句译成谓语，融合成一个 句子。
• C. 在译文中从句前置，重复英语关系词所代表的含义
• World War II was ,however, more complex than World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
• 第一次世界打颤战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、资源和 领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复杂。
译成独立句
• 与主干分开，译成一个独立的汉语句子。
• She is reading a novel, the name of which I don’t know.
• 她在看一本小说。书名我不知道。
• He had talked to the Vice-President, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done.
• 他和副总统谈过话。副总统向他担保，凡是能够 做到的都将竭尽全力去做。
三、兼有状语职能的定语从句
• 英语中有些定语从句，兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上 与主句有状语关系，说明原因结果、目的、让步、假设 等关系。
• 翻译时应善于从原文的字里行间发现这些逻辑关系，然 后译成汉语各种相应的偏正复句。
译成表原因的分句
• The ambassador was giving a dinner
for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to here from.
• 她想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这个事的 关注
译成表条件或假设的分句
• Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.
• 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能 维持一家人的生活就行。
• He would be a short-sighted commander who merely manned his fortress and did not look beyond.
• 谁如果只守城堡而不往远处看，那他就是一个目光短 浅的指挥员。
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练习：
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1.This is the soldier who just returned from the front.
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2.He was the writer who was moving into operational activities.
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3.There has never been man around me who wrote so many memos.
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4.But listen, I met a man, who said you could hire.
• 1．He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant，but he did not like his brother， who was aloof and arrogant.
• 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
• 2.But Miggle’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.
• 译成表让步的分句
• He insisted on building another
house, which he had no use for.
• 他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无 此需要。
译成表目的的分句
• She wants to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.
• 一、限制性定语从句 • 前置、后置、融合法 • 二、非限制性定语从句 • 前置、后置、译成独立句法 • 三、兼有状语功能的定从 • 译成相应的偏正复句
Key and Difficult Points
• 1．后置、融合法 • 2．译成独立句法 • 3．兼有状语功能的定从
Teaching Contents
decisive role in international affairs.
• 参考译文： • 1.这是刚从前线回来的战士。（前置法） • 2.他是个作家，正在从事实际活动。（省先行词） • 3.在我周围的人中从没有一个象他那样写过那么多的备忘录。（融合法） • 4.听着，我遇见过一个人，这个人说你是有权雇人的。（关系词表达出
• B 在译文中从句后置，省略英语关系词所代表的含义
• After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
• 饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
第十讲 定语从句的译法
定语从句可分为限制性定语从句与非限制性 定语从句。
对于限制性限制性定语从句一般采用前置法、 后置法和融合法，
而对于非限制性定语从句可以采用前置法、 后置法或译成独立句。
一、限制性定语从句
前置法
• 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限 制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号 分开。尤其是一些较短的、结构比较简 单的从句，没有它主句的意思就不会完 整、不明确。翻译时，可以按照汉语定 语前置的习惯将其译成带“的”的名词 短语，放在先行词的前面，将复合句译 成汉语的单句。