主谓一致的讲解与练习
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主谓一致讲解与练习
主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,对主谓一致的考查主要集中在以下内容:
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语做主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。
2、由and或both .... and连接的并列成分做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
The poet and writer has come.
3、由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, nd修
饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。(用and 连接的并列主语被each, every 或no 修饰时,谓语动词用单数.)例如:
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
4、主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with ,
as well as (也还有),together with,along with,like 等引导的介词短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。(就远)例如:
The woman with two children is my aunt .
注意:主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。
Mr. Smith, followed by his wife and three children, has just arrived.
5、一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police(警察),cattle (牛), clothes等做主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
6、集体名词family, class, team, group 等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。
7、当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构
等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States .
8、news ,maths,physics ,politics 等词貌似复数,实为单
数,其谓语动词用单数.
9名词如:news,以ics结尾的学科名称。如:
physics,mathematics,economics; 国名如theUnited States: 报
纸名如the New Times 书名如Arabian Nights; 以及The United
Nati ons等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Physics is difficult for many people.
9、“the 形+容词”如( the poor ,the rich ,the young,the old ,
the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)做主语,谓语动词用复数
10、由each, any, no, every构成的复合代词做主语时,谓语动词都用单数。(each of +复数代词,谓语动词用单数。复数代词+each,谓语动词用单数。)
11、有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
注意:如果这类名词前用了 a pair of等,则谓语动词的单复数形
式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes.
My new pair of socks is on the bed.
12、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词做主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
13、不定代词由all, most, more, some, an y nonef故主语时,也要
依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
All of the work has been finished.
All of the people have gone.
14、疑问代词故主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意
义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。
Who is your brother?
Who are League members?
15、分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of
后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用
单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。
Part of the work has been done by us .
Ten percent of the apples were bad .
The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population
are peasants .
16、half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词做主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。
17、由what 引出的从句做主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。
18、由连词not .. but .... ,or, either .. o rn either . nornot only…butalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓
语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。
19、T here be句型、以here开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一
致。
20、a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。
21、“one or two 复+ 数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数。
One or two days are eno ugh to see thecit一、两天的时间就够
了)
22、many a +单数名词(许多……);more than one +单数名词(不止一……)做主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数。注意:“ morethan +基数词+复数名词”结构或“ more+复数名词+ than one 做主语时,谓语用复数。
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.
More members than one are against your plan.