主谓一致讲解与练习(答案) (2)

主谓一致

【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】

根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为：

1. 语法一致的原则

2. 意义一致的原则

3. 邻近一致的原则

谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。

一、语法形式一致的原则

即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：

1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例句：What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。

How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。

[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数。

例如：What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。

What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。

【考例】As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]

A. go

B. goes

C. going

D. went

[答案]B．[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词用goes。

2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。

例句：Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。

Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友。

1）并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。

Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。

2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no，each，every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：Each man and each woman is asked to help. 每个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。

Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。

More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。

[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。

例如：There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。

【考例】Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]

A. is planted

B. was planted

C. are planted

D. were planted

[解析] every year说明本句表示一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义,答案：C

3、如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with，as well as，like，but，except，besides，including，no less than，rather than，as much as，more than，along with，in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。

例如：An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.

Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。

No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。

She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。

4、不定代词each, either, neither 和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。

Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。

5.不定代词none 以及由"none of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可。

例如：Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。

Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。

6、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。

例如：The horse which is tied to the tree belongs to John.拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。

Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。

[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。

例如：This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。

He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请的人。

7、“a lot of （lots of），plenty of，a head of，heaps of，the rest（majority）of ，some（many，anymore，most，all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。

例如：Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。

Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。

Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。

注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。

例句：All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人) All is well. 一切都好。(表示整个事情或情况) 注意：2）“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：A number of students in our class are out by the lake.我们班有些学生到湖边去了。

The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。

【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2008包头)

A. are a number of deer

B. are a number of deers

C. is a number of deer

D. is a number of deers

答案：A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念，因此谓语动词应用复数形式。（deer单复数相同）

8、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：Two thirds of the country is dry or desert.这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。

More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.地球70%的表面被水所覆盖。

30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。

9、如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等+ 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。

例如：This kind of men is dangerous.这种人是危险的。

That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。

[注意]但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

例句：There kinds of tests are good . 这种测试很好。

Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。

二、逻辑意义一致原则

即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：

1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。

例句：Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。

The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。

2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员