V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing作定语和状语

Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语

单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。

1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。

He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。

They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。

2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。

There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。

Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？

3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。

①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。

②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。

Ⅱ. V-ing作状语

V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________，且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。

1. 作时间状语

_________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。

2. 作结果状语

The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。

The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。

3. 作伴随状语与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。

He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。_____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。

4. 作原因状语

Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。___________________, he didn‟t go to school.(be) 由于生病，他没有上学。

注意：表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not . ______________________her address, , we couldn‟t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址，我们无法和她联系。

5. 作让步状语

Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小，但是他懂得很多电脑知识。

_________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. （live）

虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。

6. 作条件状语

Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。

_____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。

7. 作方式状语

____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。

注意：

1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用__________式：_________________

①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.

=___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。

②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom.

=____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。

2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用________式：_________.

The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。

3. V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。

①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. （）

②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. （）

Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ing

V-ing作状语时，相当于省略的状语从句。由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。

1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university.

=______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.

=_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.

3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn‟t go to the party.

=_____________________, I wouldn‟t go to the party.

4.As I am a student, I must study hard.

= _________________a student, I must study hard.