2020年高中英语外研版一轮复习综合素质提升学案：必修1 Unit 1 第一讲 句子成分

第一讲句子成分

一、主语、谓语

温故——考一考

说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分

1．①Class ②begins at eight.

答案：①主语②谓语

2．①The_teachers ②are_having a meeting.

答案：①主语②谓语

3．At five o'clock, ①they ②left.

答案：①主语②谓语

4．①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions.

答案：①谓语②谓语

5．①Smoking ②does harm to your health.

答案：①主语②谓语

6．There ①is ②a_pen on the desk.

答案：①谓语②主语

7．①Who ②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua?

答案：①主语②谓语

8．①This_story ②happened in London.

答案：①主语②谓语

9．①The_rich ②should_help the poor.

答案：①主语②谓语

10．This weekend, ①some_of_us ②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.

答案：①主语②谓语

知新——讲一讲

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。

1．主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如：The students are listening to me carefully.

学生们在认真听我讲课。

They want to learn English well.

他们想学好英语。

2．谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。

(1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气。例如：

He practises running every morning.

他每天早上练习跑步。

Don't play in the street.

不要在街上玩。

He is doing his homework now.

他现在正在做家庭作业。

(2)复合谓语：①由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成。例如：

You may keep the book for two weeks.

这本书你可以借两周。

He had to stay at home.

他不得不待在家里。

②由系动词加表语构成。例如：

We are students.我们是学生。

温故知新——练一练

Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)

1．①He ②has_become more and more interested in English.

答案：①主语②谓语

2．①The_living ②should_go_on_with his work.

答案：①主语②谓语

3．①He ②practises speaking English every morning.

答案：①主语②谓语

4．①The_child ②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.

答案：①主语②谓语

5．①To_see ②is_to_believe.

答案：①主语②谓语

6．①It ②is_necessary ③to_help_him_out.

答案：①形式主语②谓语③真正主语

7．①He ②looked_after the children carefully.

答案：①主语②谓语

8．①Four_plus_four ②is_eight.

9．①He ②can_speak English very well.

答案：①主语②谓语

10．①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.

答案：①主语②谓语

Ⅱ.汉译英

1．他昨天下午到达海南。

答案：Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.

2．我们经常在课堂上说英语。

答案：We often speak English in class.

3．掌握一门外语是有必要的。

答案：It is necessary to master a foreign language.

4．张教授是著名的科学家。

答案：Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.

5．我们打算今晚去拜访他。

答案：We are going to call on him tonight.

二、宾语、表语

温故——考一考

说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分

1．They visited an_exhibition yesterday.

答案：宾语

2．The heavy rain prevented ①me from ②arriving_at_school_on_time.

答案：①宾语②宾语

3．How many ①dictionaries do you have? I have ②five.

答案：①宾语②宾语

4．I enjoy listening_to_pop_music.

答案：宾语

5．She looks unhappy today.

答案：表语

6．He often went hungry in the past.

答案：表语

7．His job is to_teach_English.

答案：表语

8．Time is ①up. The class is ②over.