(医学遗传学)人类染色体畸变
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苯妥英钠可引起人淋巴细胞多倍体细胞数增 高
2020/8/12
• agricultural chemicals Some agricultural chemicals can induce chromosome aberration, like phosphate pesticide.
2020/8/12
1956 ”
电 影 真 假 公 主
”
末代沙皇尼古拉二世的公主斯塔西娅
2020/8/12
安娜-安德森
10 人类染色体畸变 chromosome aberration
2020/8/12
Any type of change in the chromosome structure or number (deficiencies, duplications, translocations, inversions, etc.).
2020/8/12
Analyzing chromosome aberrations helps characterize repair/misrepair pathways involved in the processing of DNA damage. Ionizing radiation has some unique features as a probe of such pathways. Compared to other genotoxic agents, it produces copious quantities of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and its timing can be controlled more accurately.
• Industrial poisons
苯、甲苯、铝、砷、二硫化碳、氯丁二稀、 氯乙烯单体
2020/8/12
• Food additive
Preservative(防腐剂),pigment(色素),AF-2(硝基 呋喃基糖酰胺),benzosulfimide(环己基糖精)。
2020/8/12
C biological mutagen
2020/8/12
The spectrum of different radiationinduced chromosome aberrations is informative about the geometry of chromosomes during interphase, and vice versa.
2020/8/12
Although it can be a mechanism for enhancing genetic diversity, such alterations are usually fatal or ill-adaptive, especially in animals.
2020/8/12
2020/8/12
D Maternal age
2020/8/12
Down综合征与母亲年龄
Baidu Nhomakorabea
2. chromosomal aberrations
A. chromosome numerical aberration
Numerical aberration is a change in the number of chromosomes from the normal number characteristic of the human beings.
1. factors inducing chromosome aberration
A. Ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation produces
rearrangements of the genome.
2020/8/12
2020/8/12
When irradiation occurs during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, large-scale rearrangements appear as exchange-type chromosome aberrations at the next mitosis. Such aberrations can alter cellular phenotypes, and are important in various areas of biology:
• toxoid sterigmatocystin(杂色曲霉素),
Flavacin(黄曲霉素), clavacin(棒曲霉素)等 • virus
German measles virus(风疹病毒), (hepatovirus)乙肝病毒, Measles virus(麻疹病
毒), cytomegalovirus(巨细胞病毒)
2020/8/12
Drug • antitumor drug（抗肿瘤药物）
环磷酰胺、氮芥、白硝安（马利兰）、甲 氨喋呤、阿糖胞苷等抗癌药物
• Tocolysis（子宫收缩抑制剂）
• drug which prevent pregnancy reaction(预
防妊娠反应的药物)
• anti-epileptic
2020/8/12
Moreover, initial radiation damage has a discrete, stochastic character that can be modulated by using different kinds of radiation (e.g. a -particles versus x-rays) having different ionization densities.
2020/8/12
B. chemical mutagen
A kind of substances, such as drugs or toxins ,that causes chromosomal aberrations of living organisms, or increase the rate of mutation.
2020/8/12
• agricultural chemicals Some agricultural chemicals can induce chromosome aberration, like phosphate pesticide.
2020/8/12
1956 ”
电 影 真 假 公 主
”
末代沙皇尼古拉二世的公主斯塔西娅
2020/8/12
安娜-安德森
10 人类染色体畸变 chromosome aberration
2020/8/12
Any type of change in the chromosome structure or number (deficiencies, duplications, translocations, inversions, etc.).
2020/8/12
Analyzing chromosome aberrations helps characterize repair/misrepair pathways involved in the processing of DNA damage. Ionizing radiation has some unique features as a probe of such pathways. Compared to other genotoxic agents, it produces copious quantities of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), and its timing can be controlled more accurately.
• Industrial poisons
苯、甲苯、铝、砷、二硫化碳、氯丁二稀、 氯乙烯单体
2020/8/12
• Food additive
Preservative(防腐剂),pigment(色素),AF-2(硝基 呋喃基糖酰胺),benzosulfimide(环己基糖精)。
2020/8/12
C biological mutagen
2020/8/12
The spectrum of different radiationinduced chromosome aberrations is informative about the geometry of chromosomes during interphase, and vice versa.
2020/8/12
Although it can be a mechanism for enhancing genetic diversity, such alterations are usually fatal or ill-adaptive, especially in animals.
2020/8/12
2020/8/12
D Maternal age
2020/8/12
Down综合征与母亲年龄
Baidu Nhomakorabea
2. chromosomal aberrations
A. chromosome numerical aberration
Numerical aberration is a change in the number of chromosomes from the normal number characteristic of the human beings.
1. factors inducing chromosome aberration
A. Ionizing radiation Ionizing radiation produces
rearrangements of the genome.
2020/8/12
2020/8/12
When irradiation occurs during the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, large-scale rearrangements appear as exchange-type chromosome aberrations at the next mitosis. Such aberrations can alter cellular phenotypes, and are important in various areas of biology:
• toxoid sterigmatocystin(杂色曲霉素),
Flavacin(黄曲霉素), clavacin(棒曲霉素)等 • virus
German measles virus(风疹病毒), (hepatovirus)乙肝病毒, Measles virus(麻疹病
毒), cytomegalovirus(巨细胞病毒)
2020/8/12
Drug • antitumor drug（抗肿瘤药物）
环磷酰胺、氮芥、白硝安（马利兰）、甲 氨喋呤、阿糖胞苷等抗癌药物
• Tocolysis（子宫收缩抑制剂）
• drug which prevent pregnancy reaction(预
防妊娠反应的药物)
• anti-epileptic
2020/8/12
Moreover, initial radiation damage has a discrete, stochastic character that can be modulated by using different kinds of radiation (e.g. a -particles versus x-rays) having different ionization densities.
2020/8/12
B. chemical mutagen
A kind of substances, such as drugs or toxins ,that causes chromosomal aberrations of living organisms, or increase the rate of mutation.