GIS软件中英文对照
ARCGIS工具中英对照总结
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A R C G I S工具中英对照总结-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KIIAnalysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取 Clip 剪切 Select 选择 Split 拆分 Table Select 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除 Identity 查看 Intersect 相交 Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合 Update 更新 Proximity 邻域分析 Buffer 缓冲区 Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区 Near 临近 Point Distance 点距离 Statistics 统计表 Frequency 频度 Summary Statistics 总结统计Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具 Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模 Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到... Raster to ASCII 删格到 ASCII Raster to Float 删格到浮点 Raster to Point 删格到点 Raster to Polygon 删格到面 Raster to Polyline 删格到线ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox 中英文对照表① 3D Analyst Tools 三维分析工具Conversion 转换TIN 三角计算TIN 域值TIN 多边形标志TIN 节点TIN 边TIN 到栅格栅格转 TINFunctional Surface 表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raster Interpolation 栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math 栅格计算乘减加取整浮点除Raster Reclass 栅格重分类切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Raster Surface 栅格表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Terrain 地形地势地带领域TIN Creation TIN 创建创建 TIN编辑 TINTIN Surface TIN 表面TIN 坡度TIN 方位TIN 等高线多边形插值成多个面② Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split 拆分Table Select 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distance 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计③ Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模④ Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到...Raster to ASCII 删格到 ASCIIRaster to Float 删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline 删格到线To CAD 到 CADAdd CAD Fields 添加 CAD 字段Create CAD XData 创建 CAD 扩展实体数据Export to CAD 导出到 CADSet CAD Alias 设置 CAD 别名To Coverage 到 CoverageFeature Class To Coverage 要素类到 CoverageTo dBASE 到 dBASETable to dBASE [multiple] 表到 dBASETo GeodatabaseFeature Class To Feature Class 要素类到要素类Feature Class to Geodatabase [multiple] 要素类到 Geodatabase Import CAD Annotation 导入 CAD 注记Import Coverage Annotation 导入 Coverage 注记Import from CAD 从 CAD 导入Raster To Geodatabase[multiple] 栅格到 Geodatabase Table to Geodatabase[multiple] 表到 GeodatabaseTable To Table 表到表To Raster 到栅格ASCII to Raster ASCII 到栅格DEM to Raster DEM 到栅格Feature to Raster 要素到栅格Float to Raster 浮点到栅格Raster To Other Format 栅格到其他格式To Shapefile 到 ShapefileFeature Class To Shapefile 要素类到 Shapefile⑤ Data Interoperability Tools 数据互转工具⑥ Data Management Tools 数据管理工具Database 数据库Compact 紧凑Compress 压缩Disconnected Editing 分离编辑Check In 检入Check In From Delta 从增量中检入Check Out 检出Export To Delta 导出增量Domains 值域Add Coded Value To Domain 添加编码值到值域Assign Domain To Field 赋值值域到字段Create Domain 创建值域Delete Coded Value From Domain 从值域中删除编码值Delete Domain 删除值域Domain To Table 值域到表Remove Domain From Field 从字段删除值域Set Value For Range Domain 为范围值域设置值Table To Domain 表到值域Feature class 要素类Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Calculate Default Cluster Tolerance 计算缺省容限值Calculate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate 整合Update Annotation Feature Class 更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Features 要素Add XY Coordinates 添加 XY 坐标Check Geometry 检查几何形状Copy Features 复制要素Delete Features 删除要素Feature Envelope to Polygon 要素封装到多边形Feature To Line 要素到线Feature To Point 要素到点Feature To Polygon 要素到多边形Feature Vertices To Points 要素定点到点Multipart To Singlepart 多部分到单部分Polygon To Line 多边形到线Repair Geometry 修改集合形状Split Line At Vertices 在定点拆分线Fields 字段Add Field 添加字段Assign Default To Field 设置缺省到字段Calculate Field 计算字段Delete Field 删除字段General 一般Copy 复制Delete 删除Rename 重命名Select Data 选择数据追加追加Generalization 一般Aggregate Polygons 聚集多边形Collapse Dual Lines To Centerline 分解双线到中心线Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Smooth Line 平滑线Simplify Building 简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形Indexes 索引Add Attribute Index 添加属性索引Add Spatial Index 添加空间索引Remove Attribute Index 删除属性索引Remove Spatial Index 删除空间索引Find Conflicts 查找冲突Drop Index 删除索引Index Item 索引项Add Item 添加项Drop Item 删除项Joins 连接Join Info Tables 连接 Info 表Projections 投影Define Projection 定义投影Project 投影Transform 变换Renumber Nodes 重新计数节点Update IDs 更新 IDTolerances 容差Tolerance 容差Topology 拓扑Build 构建Clean CleanCreate Labels 创建标注VPF Tile Topology VPF 图块拓扑Workspace Management 工作空间管理Create Coverage 创建 CoverageJoins 连接Add Join 添加连接Remove Join 删除连接Layers and Table Views 图层和表的查看Make Query Table 制作查询表Make Raster Catalog Layer 制作栅格目录图层Make Raster Layer 制作栅格图层Make XY Event Layer 制作 XY 事件图层Save To Layer File 保存成图层文件Select Layer By Attribute 通过属性选择Select Layer By Location 通过位置选择制作表视图制作表视图制作要素图层制作要素图层Projections and Transformations 投影和转换Feature 要素Batch Project 批量投影Project 投影创建空间参考创建空间参考Raster 栅格Flip 翻转Mirror 镜像Project Raster 投影栅格Rescale 重建比例Rotate 旋转Shift 偏移War 翘曲Define Projection 定义投影Raster 栅格Batch Build Pyramids 批量建立金字塔Batch Calculate Statistics 批量计算统计表Build Pyramids 建立金字塔Calculate Statistics 计算统计表Clip 剪切Composite Bands 组合波段Copy Raster 复制栅格Copy Raster Catalog Items 复制栅格目录项Create Raster Catalog 创建栅格目录Delete Raster Catalog Items 删除栅格目录项Mosaic To New Raster 镶嵌到新的栅格Resample 重采样创建栅格数据集创建栅格数据集镶嵌镶嵌Relationship Classes 关系类Create Relationship Class 创建关系类Table To Relationship Class 表到关系类Subtypes 子类型Add Subtype 添加子类型Remove Subtype 删除子类型Set Default Subtype 设置缺省子类型Set Subtype Field 设置子类型字段Table 表Analyze 分析Change Privileges 改变权限Copy Rows 复制行Delete Rows 删除行Get Count 获得数目Pivot Table 关联表创建表创建表Topology 拓扑Add Feature Class To Topology 添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rule To Topology 添加规则到拓扑Create Topology 创建拓扑Remove Feature Class From Topology 从拓扑删除要素类Remove Rule From Topology 从拓扑中删除规则Set Cluster Tolerance 设置簇容限值Validate Topology 教验拓扑Versions 版本Alter Version 改变版本Create Version 创建版本Delete Version 删除版本Post Version 提交版本Reconcile Version 协调版本Register As Versioned 注册版本Unregister As Versioned 取消注册Workspace 工作空间Create ArcInfo Workspace 创建 ArcInfo 工作空间Create Feature Dataset 创建要素数据集Create Folder 创建文件夹Create Personal GDB 创建个人 GeodatabaseGeocoding Tools 地理编码工具Automate Geocoding Indexes 自动生成地理编码索引Create Address Locator 创建地址定位器Deautomate Geocoding Indexes 取消自动生成地理编码索引Delete Address Locator 删除地址定位器Geocode Addresses 地理编码地址Rebuild Geocoding Indexes 重建地理编码索引Standardize Addresses 标准化地址⑦ Geocoding Tools 地理编码工具⑧ Geostatistical Analyst Tools 地理统计分析工具 Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到 Grid⑨ Linear Referencing Tools 线性参考工具Calibrate Routes 校准路径Create Routes 创建路径Dissolve Route Events 融合路径事件Locate Features Along Routes 沿路径定位要素Make Route Event Layer 制作路径事件图层Overlay Route Events 叠加路径事件Transform Route Events 转换路径事件⑩ Spatial Analyst Tools 空间分析工具Conditional 条件拾取条件设空Density 密度核密度点密度线密度Distance 距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraction 提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization 一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理Groundwater 地下水粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层Hydrology 水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation 添补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Local 本地像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率Map Algebra 地图代数单输出地图代数多输出地图代数Math 数学计算Bitwise 为运算位与位右移位否位异或左位移按位或Logical 逻辑运算不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或Trigonometric 三角函数ATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10 的对数10 的指数2 的对数2 的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate 多元多变量Isocluster主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood 邻域块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay 叠加加权叠加Raster Creation 栅格创建创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass 重分类切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface 表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Zonal 区域区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表○11 Spatial Statistics Tools 空间统计工具Analyzing Patterns 分析模型Average Nearest Neighbor 平均邻近邻居High/Low Clustering[Getis-Ord General G]高/低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Morans I] 空间自相关Mapping Clusters 绘制群体Cluster and Outlier Analysis 群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*] 热点分析Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Central Feature 中心要素Directional Distribution 定向分布Linear Directional Mean 平均线方向Mean Center 平均中心Standard Distance 标准间隔距离Utilities 实用工具Calculate Areas 计算面积Collect Events 收集事件Collect Events with Rendering 带渲染收集事件Count Rendering 计算渲染Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到 Ascii 文本Z Score RenderineCoverage Tool: Coverage 覆盖、覆盖范围工具Point Distance 点距离Point Node 点到结点Thiessen 泰森近似多边形Conversion 转换From Coverage 从 CoverageExport To DLG 到 DLGExport To Interchange File 到 Interchange 文件Export To S57 到 S57Export To SETS 到 SETSExport To VPF 到 VPFUngenerate 取消生成To Coverage 到 CoverageAdvanced Tiger Conversion 高级 Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion 基本 Tiger 转换Generate 生成Import From DLG 从 DLG 导入Import From Interchange File 从 Interchange 文件导入Import From S57 从 S57 导入Import From SETS 从 SETS 导入Imort From VPF 从 VPF 导入Data Management 数据管理Aggregate 集合Append 追加Composite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线 Coverage 到区域Line Coverage To Route 线 Coverage 到路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形 Coverage 到区域Region To Polygon Coverage 区域到多边形 Coverage。
GIS词语中英文对照
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absolute reference frame 绝对参考坐标系adjacency analysis 相邻分析adjoining sheets 邻接图幅agglomeration (制图分类中的)聚合方法aggregation 聚合;聚集altitude tinting 分层设色anima ted mapping 动画制图anima tion 动画applica tions package 应用软件包applica tion program 应用程序Application Programming Interface(API) 应用程序界面Applications Program Interface 应用程序接口applica tions system 应用系统applied cartography 应用地图学auto-cartography 自动制图automa ted cartography 自动制图学automa ted data dictionary 自动数据字典automa ted data processing 自动数据处理Automated Digitizing System(ADS) 自动数字化系统automa ted feature recognition 自动特征识别azimuth coordinate system 方位坐标系B-spline b样条曲线B-tree 二叉树;二元树base map of topography 地形底图base map/cadastre 底图/地籍图Beijing geodetic coordinate system 1954 1954年北京坐标系block correction 区域改正block 数据块;信息组;程序块border figure 图廓数据border information 图廓注记border line 图廓线border matching 边缘匹配border 边缘;界限;边界线;邻接;图廓间cadastral survey 地籍测量cadaster 地政局;地籍图cadastral attribute 地籍特征cadastral data base 地籍数据库cadastral features 地籍特征cadastral information system 地籍信息系统cadastral information 地籍信息cadastral inventory 地籍调查cadastral la yer 地籍信息层cadastral lists 地籍册cadastral ma nagement 地籍管理cadastral map 地籍图cadastral map series 地籍图册cadastral mapping 地籍制图carrier frequency(GPS) 载波频率(全球定位系统)cartographic analysis 地图分析cartographic classification 地图分类cartographic communication 地图传输cartographic data base ma nagementsystem地图数据库管理系统cartographic data base 地图数据层cartographic data model 地图数据模型cartographic expert system 制图专家系统cartographic genera lization 制图综合cartographic projection 地图投影cartographic(a l) analysis 地图分析cartography 地图制图学;地图学chorographic map 时序图choropleth map 等值区域图class interval 分级间距;分类间距class list 分类清单class 分类,分级classification rule 分类规则cluster 聚类分析compaction 压缩completeness 完整性computer-graphics technology 计算机图形技术congruent ima ge 叠合图象contour 等高线,等值线,轮廓contouring displa y 分层显示cover-ID 层标识符covera ge [GIS]图层Ddata 数据data access security 数据存取安全性data accessibility 数据可达性data acquisition 数据获取data analysis 数据分析data architecture 数据结构data attribute 数据特性data base;database 数据库data capture 数据采集data catalogue 数据目录data communications 数据通信data quality 数据质量data security 数据安全性data conversion 数据转换data definition 数据定义data editing 数据编辑data element 数据要素data encoding 数据编码data entry 数据输入Data Exchange Format 数据交换格式data extraction 数据提取data file 数据文件data handling 数据处理data item 数据项data layering 数据分层data manipulation 数据操作data model 数据模型data product 数据产品data quality 数据质量data reality 数据真实性data records 数据记录data reduction 数据整理data reduction;datacompression 数据压缩data redundancy 数据冗余度data representation 数据表示data retrieval 数据查询data schema 数据模式data security 数据安全性data sensitivity 数据灵敏性data set 数据集data set quality 数据集质量data smoothing 数据平滑data snooping 数据探测法data sources 数据源data storage 数据贮存data structure conversion 数据结构转换data structure 数据结构data transfer 数据传输data transmission 数据传输data type 数据类型data updating 数据更新data vectorization 数据矢量化datum transformation 基准变换descriptive data 描述数据desktop GIS 桌面地理信息系统differential Global Positioning System ;DGPS差分全球定位系统digital cartography 数字地图制图digital correlation 数字相关digital data collection 数字数据存贮系统Digital Data Communication Message Protocol 数字化数据通讯消息协议Digital Data System 数字化数据系统digital data 数据;数字资料Digital Elevation Matrix(DEM) 数字高程矩阵digital encoding 数字编码digital exchange format 数据转换标准Digital Field Update System 数字化外业更新系统digital files synchronization 数字化文件同步化Digital Geographic Information 数字化地理信息交换标准Exchange Standard;DGIWG;NATOdigital image processing 数字图象处理digital image 数字影(图)象Digital Landscape Model 数字景观模型Digital Line Graph;DLG 数字线划图digital map registration 数字地图套合digital mapping 数字测图digital map 数字地图digital mosaic 数字镶嵌digital mosaicing 数字镶嵌digital number;DN 数字值digital orthoimagery 数字正射影象digital orthoimage 数字正射影象Digital Orthophotoquads;DOQ 数字正方形正射象片图digital orthophoto 数字正射影象digital photogrammetry 数字摄影测量digital process 数字化过程digital rectification 数字纠正digital simulation 数字模拟digital surface model;DSM 数字表面模型digital tablet 数字化板Digital Terrain Model;DTM 数字地面模型Digital to Analog Converter 数/模转换器digital tracing table 数控绘图桌digital value 数字化值digital voice 数字化声音digital-analog 数字模拟digitalyzer 模数转换器digital 数字的digitization 数字化digitize maps 数字化地图digitized data 数字化数据digitized file 数字化文件digitized image 数字化影象digitized terrain data 数字化地面数据digitized video 数字影(图)象digitizer accuracy 数字化仪精度digitizer resolution 数字化仪分辨率digitizer workstation 数字化工作站digitizer 数字化仪digitizing 数字化digitizing board 数字化板digigtizing cursor 数字化鼠标digitizing edit 数字化编辑digitizing table;tablet 数字化板digitizing threshold 数字化阀值digraph 有向图disk space 磁盘空间disk storage 磁盘存储diskette 软磁盘disk 磁盘distributed architecture 分布式体系结构Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境Distributed Data Processing 分布式数据处理Distributed Database Management System,DDBMS 分布式数据管理系统Distributed Database ;DDB 分布式数据库distributed processing 分布式处理Distributed Relational 分布式关系数据库结构Database Architecture(DRDA)districe coding 地区编码districting 分区(空间聚合)disturbed orbit 卫星轨道升交点document file 文档文件Document Image Peocessing(DIP) 文件影象处理document window 文档窗口document-file icon 文档文件图标document/page reader 光符识别仪器documentation drawing 二维绘图downloadable font 可传输字符download 文件(程序)传输(从中心机到个人微机)drafting scale 绘图比例尺drafting 绘制;绘图;草拟draft 草图;草案drainage map 水系图;流域图drainage pattern 水系类型;水网类型drainage 水系;水文要素;排水设备drape 两维数据在表面叠加产生透视图draping 两维数据叠加在透视图上drawing board 绘图板drawing entities 绘图实体Drawing Exchange Format 图形交换格式drawing extents 绘图范围drawing file 绘图文件drawing grid 绘图格网drawing interchange format 绘图交换格式drawing limits 绘图限制drawing registration 绘图对齐;绘图定位drawing sizes 图面大小;图幅尺寸drawing unit 绘图单元drawing 绘图drum plotter 滚筒式绘图机drum scanner 滚筒式扫描机duobinary coding 双二进制编码DX 90 水文地理数据格式dynamic-Link Library,DLL 动态链接库EE-R diagram E-R图earth gravity model 地球重利模型Earth Resources Information System;ERIS 地球资源信息系统EROS 地球资源观测系统earth satellite thematic sensing 地球卫星专题遥感earth shape;figure of the earth 地球形状Earth spheroid 地球椭球体Earth spherop 地球椭球面earth surface 地球表面earth synchronous orbit 地球同步轨道earth window 地球数据窗口Earth-centered ellipsoid 地心椭球Earth-fixed coordinate system 站心坐标系EarthResource Technology Satellite 地球资源技术卫星Earthwatch 地球监视卫星ecosystem 生态系统edge join 边缘匹配edge matching 边缘匹配edge of the format;map border 图廓Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换edit 编辑;修改edit verification 编辑核实edit/display on input 输入编辑/显示edit/display on output 输出编辑/显示editing 编辑effective radius of the Earth 地球有效半径eigenvector analysis 特征向量分析eigenvector 特征向量EIS process 环境影响评价过程electric mail ;e-mail 电子邮件electronic bearing 电测方位electronic chart 电子海图Electric Chart and Display 电子图形显示信息系统Information System;SCDISelectronic chart data base;ECDB 电子海图数据库Electronic Data Collection 电子数据集合Electronic Data Interchange;EDI 电子数据交换electronic drawing tablet 电子绘图板electronic engraver 电子刻图机electronic imaging system 电子成像系统electronic line scanner 电子扫描机electronic map 电子地图electronic publishing system 电子印刷系统Embedded QUEL 内嵌式查询embedded SQL 镶嵌式查询语言emergency run 地图翻印encipher;encode;encoding 编码enclosing rectangle (最小)封闭四边形encoding code model 编码模型encoding scheme 编码方法End Of Line 文件结束标志End Of Text 行结束标志end points 文本结束标志end user participation 终端用户参与end user 终端用户ent-to-end data system 终端站间数据系统Enhanced graphics Adapter(EGA) 增强图形适配器enhanced imagery 增强图象enhanced mode 增强模式entity 实体entity classes 实体类entity classes 实体分类entity instance 实体样品entity object 实体对象entity point 实体定位点entity relationship data model 实体关系数据模型entity relationship diagram;ERD 实体关系图Entity Relationship Model;E-R Model 实体关系模型entity set model 实体集模型entity set 实体集entity subtype/supertype 实体子类型/母类型entity type 实体类型Entity-Relationship Approach E-R法entity 实体,组织,结构entropy coding 熵编码entropy 熵(平均信息量)environmental analysis 环境分析environmental assessment 环境评价environmental cadastre 环境地籍图environmental capacity 环境容量environmental data base 环境数据库environmental data/information 环境数据/信息environmental map 环境地图environmental mapping data 环境制图数据environmental overlays 环境图environmental planning 环境规划environmental quality assessment 环境质量评价environmental remote sensing 环境遥感Eclogically Sustainable Development 生态平衡的持续发展equation item 方程项European Transfer Format(ETF) 欧洲传输格式executable file 执行文件execution 执行(程序指令)extended color 扩展彩色Extended Graphics Adapter(EGA) 增强图形适配卡Extended Graphics Array 扩展图形矩阵Extensional Database 扩展数据库external attribute table 外部属性表external data storage 外部数据存储(相对于数据库) external database file 外部数据库文件external margin 外图廓external polygon 外部多边形external program 外部程序external schema 外部模式external storage 外部存储设备Ffacilities 设施;装备facility data 设施数据facility instrument 设施设备facility map 设施图facility network 设施网络facility splice 设施接合fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换feature 特征Feature and Attribute Coding Catalogue 地物与属性编码目录feature attribute table 特征属性表feature bounded 边界标识地物feature class 特征分类feature codes menu 特征码清单feature codes 特征码feature coding 特征编码feature extraction 特征提取feature identifier 特征标识符feature ID 特征标识符feature instance 特征实例feature item 特征项feature marked 有标记特征feature number 特征标识符feature selection 特征选择feature separation 特征分类feature spanned 跨区特征feature supported 支持特征feature user-ID 特征用户标识码Federal Information Processing 联邦信息处理标准Standards(FIPS)Federal Information Processing Standards/ 联邦信息处理标准/空间数据转换标准Spatial Data Transfer Standard;FIPS/SDTSfield [数据]域file [计算机]文件file activity 文件活动file attribute 文件属性file compression 文件压缩file format 文件格式file fragmentation 文件分段存储file indexing 文件管理索引file integrity 文件完整性file name extension 文件扩展名file name 文件名file protection 文件保护file server protocol 文件服务器协议file server 文件服务器file set 文件集file specification 文件说明;文件说明表file structure 文件结构file system 文件系统File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议file transfer 文件转换file-by-file compression 文件压缩filename extension 文件后缀名fill pattern 填充模式fixed length record format 定长记录格式flag 标志;特征flair point 识别点;明显地物点flap 叠置floppy disk;floppy 软盘form line 地表形态线format conversion 格式转换format line 格式行format model 格式模型format 格式formatted model 格式化模型formatting function 格式化函数;格式编排Gauss plane coordinate 高斯平面坐标Gauss-Kruger coordinate 高斯-克吕格坐标Gauss-Kruger grid 高斯-克吕格格网Gauss-Kruger map projection 高斯-克吕格地图投影Gaussian coordinate 高斯坐标gazetteer 地名录general scale 基本比例尺generic term 地理通名Geo Based Information System 基于地学的信息系统geo-analysis 地理分析geo-defined unit 地理定义单元geo-distribution 地理分布geo-politic data base 行政区划数据库geo-referenced information system 地理参考信息系统geobase system 地区系统geobased information system 地区信息系统geobase 地区库geobotanical cartography 地植物学制图geocartography 地理制图geocoded virtual map 地理编码虚拟图geocodes 地理编码formatting 格式化formfeed 换页;格式馈给forms interface 格式界面forms processing 表格处理fractal 分数的;分形;分数维fractional map scale 分数地图比例尺fractional scale 分数比例尺frequency band 频段;频带frequency bias 频偏frequency curve 频率曲线frequency demodulation 鉴频frequency distribution 频率分布full-resolution picture 全精度影(图)象,高分辨率影(图)象fully concatenated key 全连串码fully digital mapping 全数字化制图function library 功能库functional data base 功能数据库functional mapping 功能制图functional structure 功能结构fuzzy analysis 模糊分析fuzzy C-means 模糊聚类法fuzzy classifier method 模糊分类法fuzzy distance 模糊距离fuzzy intersection concept 模糊交叉概念fuzzy tolerance 模糊容限fuzzy 模糊的;失真的geocode 地理编码geocoding system 地理编码系统geocoding 地理编码Geographer's Line 地理坐标网geographic aggregation 地理聚合Geographic Analysis and Display System(GADS) 地理分析显示系统Geographic Analysis Package(GAP) 地理分析软件geographic analysis/modeling capability 地理分析/模拟能力geographic analysis 地理分析geographic area boundaries 地理面积边界Geographic Area Code Index(GACI) 地理面积编码索引Geographic Base File(GBF) 地理基础文件Geographic Base File/Dual 地理底图基础文件/双重独立地图编码Independent Map Encoding(GBF-DIME)Geographic Base Information System(GBIS) 地理基础信息系统Geographic Base System(GBS) 地理基础系统geographic boundaries 地理边界geographic boundary data 地理边界数据geographic calibration 地理标准geographic center 地理中心geographic classification 地理分类geographic codes 地理坐标码geographic coding 地理编码geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic coordinate 地理坐标geographic coverage 地理层geographic data base 地理数据库geographic data set 地理数据集geographic data structure 地理数据结构Geographic Database 地理数据库geographic data 地理数据geographic display system 地理显示系统geographic entity 地理实体geographic feature data 地理特征数据geographic feature 地理特征geographic graticule 地理坐标网geographic grid 地理网格geographic identifiers 地理标识符geographic indexed file 地理索引文件geographic indexes 地理索引geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic inverse 地理位置反算geographic landscape 地理景观geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic location 地理位置geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic modeling 地理模拟geographic name 地理名称geographic net 地理坐标格网geographic numbering system 地理编号系统geographic object 地理对象geographic pole 地极geographic position 地理位置geographic reference system 地理参考系统geographic reference 地理参考geographic referencing 地理参考过程geographic standardization 地理标准化geographic survey 地理测量geographic value 地理坐标值geographical coordinate 地理坐标geographical data base 地理数据库geographical general name 地理通名geographical map 地理图geographical mile 地理海哩geographical name index 地名索引transcription;geographical 地名注音法name transliterationgeographical name;place name 地名geographical network 地理格网geographical pole 地极geographical position 地理位置geographical reference system 地理坐标参考系geographical viewing distance 地理视距geographical zones 地理带geographical-exploration traverse 地理勘测路线geographical 地理的geographics limits 细线;内图廓线geographic 地理的;地理学的geography 地理学Geomatics (加拿大)地球信息学geometric rectification 几何校正geometric registration 几何配准geomorphic map 地貌类型图geomorphological mapping 地貌制图geomorphological map 地貌图geomorphology 地貌学geoprocessing application 地理处理应用geoprocessing approach 地理处理方法geoprocessing functions 地理处理函数geoprocessing modeling 地理处理模拟geoprocessing operations 地理处理操作geoprocessing productivity 地理处理率geoprocessing system 地理处理系统geoprocessing virtual map system 地理处理虚拟图系统Geoprocessing(GP) 地理处理过程geoprocessor 地理处理器GEOREF coordinate system 世界地理坐标参考系GEOREF grid 世界地理坐标参考网格georeference system 地理坐标参考系georeference 地理坐标参考georeferenced 地理坐标参考的georeferencing 地理坐标参考过程GEOREF 世界地理坐标参考系georelational model 地理相关模型geosphere 地理圈geostatistics 地理统计GIS/LIS 地理信息系统/土地信息系统Global Environmental Monitoring System(UNEP) 全球环境监测系统(联合国环境项目)global land information system(GLIS) 全球土地信息系统Global Positioning System(GPS) 全球定位系统global positioning 全球定位global rediation 总辐射global satellite system 全球卫星系统Global Telecommunications System 全球远程通讯系统global 全球的graphic compose 图形合成graphic data base file 图形数据库文件graphic data base 图形数据库graphic data concept 图形数据概念graphic illustration 图解说明;图解例证graphic input procedure 图形输入法graphic input unit 图形输入设备Graphic Interchange Format 图形交换格式graphic interpolation 图解内插法graphic limits 图形边界graphic manipulation 图形维护graphic map features 图示地图特征graphic map manipulation 图示地图操作graphic map scale 图解地图比例尺graphic mapping control point 图解图根点graphic menu 图示菜单graphic modes 图示模式graphic object 图形对象graphic output unit 图形输出设备graphic overlay 图形叠加graphic plane 图示面graphic primitive 图形元素graphic presentation 图形显示graphic production 图形生成graphic product 图形产品graphic rectification 图形校正graphic representation 图形表示graphic scale 图解比例尺graphic sign 图形记号graphic superimposition 图形叠加graphic symbol 图形符号graphic symbols/symbology 图形符号/符号表示graphic system components 图形系统组成graphic tablet 图形数字化板graphic terminal 图形终端graphic text string 图形文本串graphic trace 图形跟踪graphic variable 图形变量graphical screen interface 图形屏幕界面graphical user interface(GUI) 图形用户界面graphics accelerator 图形加速卡graphics cursor 图形光标graphics display units 图形显示单元graphics inquiry 图形查询graphics languages 图形语言graphics mode 图形模式graphics page 图形页Graphics Performance Characterization(GPC) 图形工作特性graphics resolution 图形分辨率graphics screen 图形屏幕界面graphics software 图形软件graphics tablet 图形数字化板graphics 图形graphic 图形的;图示的graph 图;图形graticule 格网graticule 十字丝;地理坐标网grating 光栅grid 格网grid amplitude 格网幅度grid azimuth 坐标方位角grid bearing 坐标方位角grid cell 格网元素;网眼grid cell compositing 网眼组成grid cell data structure 网眼数据结构grid cell data 网眼数据结构grid cell lattice 三维网眼格数据结构grid cell map-record format 网眼地图记录格式grid cell map 网眼地图grid cell modeling 网眼模拟grid cell search 网眼搜寻grid convergence 坐标纵线收敛角grid coordinate system 格网坐标系grid coordinates 格网坐标系grid data 格网数据grid declination 格网真北偏角grid equator 格网赤道grid factor 格网因子grid format 格网格式grid interval 网格间距grid inverse 网格反算grid length 坐标网距grid lines/codes 格网线/码grid magnetic angle 格网磁偏角grid map 格网地图grid meridian 坐标网纵线grid method 格网法grid of neighboring zone 邻带方里网grid origin 坐标格网原点grid structure 网格结构grid system 格网系统grid tick 格网标记grid variation 格网磁偏角grid zone 坐标带grid 栅格,格网;坐标网grid-point method 网点板法grid/raster data 格网/栅格数据gridded data 格网数据gridiron layout 格网平面图gridiron pattern 格网图形gridsystem 直角坐标格网grips 数据转换程序Hhalftone screen 半色调屏幕header file 头文件header label 头标header line 标题行header record 首记录header 标题hextree 分级图象数据模型hidden attribute 隐含属性hidden file 隐含文件hidden line removal 隐线消除hidden surfaces 隐面hidden variable 隐含变量hierarchical data base 分级数据库hierarchical data 分级数据hierarchical data model 层次数据模型hierarchical data structure 分级数据结构hierarchical database 分层数据库hierarchical districts 层次分区hierarchical file structure 分级文件结构hierarchical file system 分级文件系统hierarchical model 分级模型hierarchical organization 等级结构hierarchical relationship 分级关系式(数据文件结构)hierarchical sequence 层次序列hierarchical spatial relationship 分级空间关系hierarchical storage 分级存储hierarchical structure 分级结构hierarchical 分级的;层次的hierarchization 分级High Level Data Link Control 高级数据连接控制High Memory Area 高位地址内存区histogram 直方图;柱状图;频率图history 命令记录Huffman code 霍夫编码hull TIN表面Human Computer Interaction 人机交互Human Computer Interface 人机界面hypertext 电子文本;超级文本II channel 同相信道;I通路I notation parameter 整数记号参数I-beam I指针I/O addresses 输入/输出地址I/O Character Recognition(I/O CR) 输入/输出字符识别I/O error 输入/输出错误I/O port 输入/输出端口image coding 图象编码image compression 影(图)象压缩image contrast 影象反差image coordinate 影象坐标image correlation 影象相关image data base 影象数据库image data collection 图象数据收集image data compaction 图象数据压缩image data retrieval 图象数据检索image data storage 图象数据存储image data 影(图)象数据image definition 影象清晰度(分辨力)image degradation 影(图)象退化;影(图)象衰减image description 影象描绘image digitization 图象数字化image displacement 影象位移image distortion 影(图)象失真image integrator 图象综合image intensifier 影(图)象增强器;变象管;象亮化器image intensity 图象强度image interpretation 影象判读image magnification 影(图)象放大image matching 影象匹配image processing rectification 图象处理校正复原and restorationimage processing 图象处理校正复原image ray 象点投影线image recognition 影(图)象识别image reconstruction 影(图)象重建image reconstructor 影象再现装置image registration 图象配准image representation 影(图)象显示;影(图)象再现image resolution;ground resolution 影象分辨力image scale 影象比例尺image size 影(图)象尺寸;影(图)象范围image space coordinate system 象空间坐标系image space 象空间image stack 影(图)象栈image transform 影(图)象变换image transformation 图象变换image translator 影(图)象转换器image;imagery 影象image 象,象片;影象,图象;镜象图形imagery feature 影象特征index to Names 地名索引indexed sequential file 顺序索引文件indexed 索引化的indexing 索引;加下标;变址index 指标;指数;索引informatics 信息学information area 信息区information bit 信息位information center 信息中心information collection 信息采集information content 信息量information explosion 信息爆炸information extraction 信息提取information float 信息浮动information format 信息格式information management 信息管理information network 信息网information overlays 信息叠加information rate 信息传输速率Information requirement(IR) 请求信息information revolution 信息革命information science 信息科学information system 信息系统information technology(IT) 信息技术information theory 信息论information window 信息窗口infowmation 信息input area 输入区input data 输入数据input device 输入设备input image(inimage) 输入影(图)象input/output analysis 输入/输出分析input/outpu model 输入/输出模型Input/Output(I/O) 输入/输出input 输入inquiry 查询insert 插入;嵌入integrated data base 集成数据库integrated data layer 集成数据层Integrated Geographical Information System 集成化地理信息系统integrated GIS/technologies 综合地理信息系统/技术integrated information system 综合信息系统integrated spatial system 综合空间信息系统integrated system 综合系统interactive 交互式interactive digitizing 人机交互数字化interactive display 人机交互显示interactive drafting 交互式绘图interactive editing 交互式编辑Interactive Graphics and Retrieval System 交互图形与恢复系统Interactive Graphics Design System 交互式图形设计系统Interactive Graphics System/Interactive 交互式制图系统/交互式制图子系统Graphics Subsystem;IGS/IGSSinteractive graphics 交互式制图interactive image processing system 人机对话影(图)象处理系统interactive mode 交互式模式Interactive Multimedia 交互式多媒体interactive processing mode 人机交互模式interactive processing 人机交互处理interactive processing 交互式处理interactive restoration 人机对话复原Interactive Surface Modeling 交互式地表建摸interactive topology 交互式拓扑Interactive Volume Modeling 交互式立体模型intercell plot 单元间图(或文件)interchange format 交换格式interchange modeling 交换模拟interchange model 交换模型internal data model 内部数据模型internal data structure 内部数据结构(只在处理过程中保持的)internal database file 内部数据库文件interrecord data structures 交互记录的数据结构inverse fast Fourier transform 快速傅立叶变换isoline 等值线isolith 等厚度线isolong 等经度改正线isomagnetic chart 等磁力线图isometric coordinate 等量坐标isometric design 等角投影isometric latitued 等量纬度isometric map projection 等量地图投影isometric mapping 等量制图isoperimetric map projection 等量地图投影isoplane 等平面isopleth mapping 等值线制图isopleth map 等值线图isoplethic mapping 等值线制图isoplethic map 等值线图isopleth 等值线Kkey 关键字key attributes 关键属性key bed 标准层key entry 键盘输入key feedback area 码反馈区key field 关键字段key file 关键文件key horizon 标志层key identifiers 关键标识符key map 索引图;总图key pad 键座key value dictionary 关键值索引key variable indexing 关键变量索引keyboard buffer 键盘缓冲keyboard equivalent key 键盘等价命令键keyboard shortcut 键盘快捷命令keyboard 键盘Lland evaluation 土地评价Land Information System(LIS) 土地信息系统Land Information Technology(LIT) 土地信息技术land types 土地类型land unit 土地单元land use 土地利用landform 地表形态landscape drawings 景观绘图landscape map 景观地图layer file 层文件layer index 图层索引layer index 层索引layer system 分层设色法layer-tinted map 分层设色地图layered style map 分层设色地图layered style 分层设色表示法layering 分层;层化layers 层次layer 层layover 覆盖;遮蔽(雷达影像)Leaf Area Index 叶区域索引leaf level 叶层次league 里格leaking polygon 未闭合多边形legend 图例lettering 地图注记lineage 数据说明line element 线状要素line feature 线状特征line follower 线跟踪器(量测转换边界)line generalization 趋势线概化line graph 线状图line in polygon calculation 多边形内线判断计算line in polygon retrieval 多边形内线判断查询line intersection 线段交叉line map 线画图line of nodes 交轨线line symbologics 线状符号表达法line symbol 线状符号local database 局域数据库local datum 局部定标数据logical block 逻辑块logical channel number 逻辑通道号码logical consistency 逻辑一致性logical contouring 逻辑恒直线logical data base(LDB) 逻辑数据库logical data model 逻辑数据模型logical data structure 逻辑数据结构logical decision 逻辑判定logical design 逻辑设计logical exclusive operation of image 影象逻辑异运算logical expression 逻辑表达logical links 逻辑连接logical mounting 逻辑安装logical name 逻辑名字logical operation 逻辑运算logical operator 逻辑运算符logical order 逻辑指令logical overlap 逻辑重叠logical record 逻辑记录logical security 逻辑安全性logical selection 逻辑选择logical storage structure 逻辑存储结构logical unit 逻辑单元logic 逻辑login (=logon)注册lot and block 地块与街段lot dimensions 地块尺寸lot line 地块边界lot of record 地块记录lot 地块LPT port 并行口LU pooling 逻辑单元合并Mmachine bias 机器偏差machine code 机器码machine encoding 机器编码machine language 机器语言machine processable 机器可处理的man-machine interface 人机接口manager access 管理者存取manual digitizer 手扶数字化器manual digitizing 人工数字化manual encoding 人工编码manual link 人工连接manual map enhancement 人工地图增强manuscript map 原图;稿图manuscript 原图many-to-one relate 多对一关系map accuracy (absolute) 绝对地图精度map accuracy (relative) 相对地图精度map accuracy level 地图精度水平map accuracy specifications 地图精度说明map accuracy standards 地图精度标准map adjustment 地图接边;图幅接边map algebra 地图代数Map and Chart Data Interchange 地图与图表间数据交换map appearance 地图整饰map average 地形特征地图map black clouds 地图数据密集区map border 图廓map chart 作战海图map clarity 地图清晰性map closure 地图闭合map code (1)地图代码;(2)变换码,印象码map collar data 地图边缘数据map color atlas 地图色谱map compilation 地图编绘map complexity 地图复杂性map composition 地图编制map computerization 地图计算机化map coverage 地图层map data base 地图数据库map data retrieval 地图数据查询map data structure 地图数据结构map data 地图数据map decoration 地图整饰map deformation 地图变形map description 地图描述map digitization 地图数字化map digitizing 地图数字化map directory 地图目录map display 地图显示map distortion 地图畸变map distribution 地图供应map edge 图幅边缘map editing 地图编辑map extent 地图范围map face 图幅尺寸;图幅面积map feature 地图特征map files 地图文件map generalization 地图综合map graphics to text data linkage 图形-文本数据连接map graphics 图形-文本数据连接map grid 地图格网map information 地图信息map interpretation 地图判读map join 图幅连接map layer 图层map layout 图面配置map legibility 地图易读性map limits 图范围map linkage 图连接map load 地图负载量map making 制图map matching guidance 地图匹配导航map matching 地图匹配map measure 量图轨map miles 地图英里坐标系统map model system 地图模型系统map nadir 图面底点map name 地图名map of neotectonic strength 图上量算map origin 图坐标原点map overlay analysis 地图叠置分析map overlay modeling analysis 地图叠置模拟分析map overlay 地图叠置map parallel 图横线map perception 地图感受map plotting 填图map point 图上定位点;图面点map positional file 地图叠置文件map position 地图定位map projection system 地图投影系统map projection transformation 地图投影转换map projection 地图投影map projector 地图投影仪map quadrangle/map quad 地图标准图幅map query 地图查询map reading 读图map registration 地图对齐map representation file 地图表示文件map resolution 地图分辨率map revision 地图更新map scale number 地图比例尺数map scale 地图比例尺map scaling 地图比例变换map section 图区map series 系列地图map set miles 图集英里比例尺map sheet manipulation 图幅操作map sheet 图幅map shift 图幅移位map sliver 地图细小多边形map specifications 地图规范map standards 地图标准map substitute 临时版地图map symbolism 地图符号体系map symbol 地图符号map systematic errors 地图系统误差map test 地图检测map theme 地图专题map title 图名map tolerance 地图容限map transformation 地图转换map types 地图类型map unit tolerance 地图单位容限map units 地图单位容限。
ARCGIS英汉对照
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AAbsolute X,Y X,Y的绝对坐标Abstract 抽象,抽象类Access 数据库文件Activate 激活,使数据框架进入操作状态Alias 字段假名Aligned,alignment 字符注记对齐Allocation 空间配置,临近分配Animation 动画Annotation 地图注记、注记要素Application 应用,应用单元Attribute 属性Attribute table 属性表B Background 地图显示、制图的背景Band 影像波段Barrier 网络障碍Basic tool bar 基本工具条BMP 一种通用的图像数据格式Border 地图外框线、图廓线Brightness 图像显示亮度Buffer 临近、缓冲Buffer zone 临近区、缓冲区CCAD feature dataset CAD数据集Callout 引线式注记Catalog ArcCatalog的目录表、目录窗口Categories 定性分类Cell 栅格单元Cell size 栅格单元大小Charts 统计图(同Graph)Class 类Classification 分类Clip 裁剪,一种叠合处理方式Coclass visual basic 的组件类Closest facility 最近设施Cluster tolerance 线簇容差Color ramp 色彩过渡表Commands 命令Connectivity 网络连接Contract 图像显示的对比度Contour 等值线,等高线Control point 校正坐标用的控制点Coordinate system 坐标系,坐标系统Copy parallel 平行复制Cost distance 考虑成本的距离Cost weighted distance 以成本为权重的距离Coverage ArcInfo的一种数据格式Customize 用户化,自定制Cut/fill 填挖方DDangle node 悬结点Data frame 数据框架Data frame properties 数据框架特征设置对话框Data source 数据源Data view 数据视图Dataset 数据集dBASE 一种数据库管理软件的名称DBF,dbf 一种属性数据库的文件格式(dBASE的)Delta X,Y 相对偏移坐标Density 密度DGN 一种CAD数据文件格式Digitizing 数字化,矢量要素输入计算机Dimensions 相对距离注记Dirty area 问题区,可能存在违反拓扑规则要素的范围Display units 地图显示单位Dissolve 多边形归并、融合Drawing tool bar 绘图工具条Drop shadow 使制图元素具有阴影效果Dot density 点密度地图DXF 一种CAD数据文件交换格式DWG 一种CAD数据文件格式EEdge 网络线段,网络边线Edge match 地图接边Element 图形元素Elevation 高程End 端点End node 线的终点Endpoint 同End nodeEqual interval 等间距分类Extend 线要素延伸Extent(s) 数据的空间范围Extensions 扩展、软件的扩展模块FFacility 设施Feature 要素、地理要素Feature attribute table 要素属性表Feature class 要素类Feature dataset 要素数据集Field 属性表的字段Fill symbol 填充符号Fillet 加圆角From end 网络线段的起点、端点GGeodatabase 地理数据库、空间数据库Geographic coordinate system 地理坐标系Geometric network 几何网络用于市政公用设施的网络数据模型Geoprocessing 地理处理、空间处理Gradient fill symbol 渐变填充符号Graduated color 颜色渐变图Graduated symbols 符号渐变图Graph 统计图Graphic 图形Graphic element 图形元素Graphic text 图形注记Grid 格网HHistogram 直方图(常用于影像分类)Hyperlink 超链接IIcon 图标Identify 要素识别,显示要素的属性Image 影像、图像Image adjust 影像配准Incident 网络分析中的事件Index 索引Info arcinfo的属性数据库,和coverage对应Impedance 网络阻抗Integer 整数型数据Intersect 交叉,一种叠合处理方式Interpolate,interpolation 插值、空间插值Item 数据项JJoin 连接,表和表连接Junction 网络中线段端点和端点的交汇处LLabel 地图标注、属性标注Latitude 纬度、纬线Layer 地图图层,专题图层Layer properties 图层特征Layer file 图层设置文件Layout 地图布局Layout view 地图布局视图Legend 图例Line(feature) 线、线状要素Line symbol 线状要素符号Linear reference 线性参照Longitude 经度、经线MMacro(s) 宏命令,宏语言Marker symbol 点要素符号Map document 地图文档Map elements 地图制图元素Map template 地图制图模板Map topology 地图拓扑Map units 地图单位Match to symbol in a style 匹配某个格式文件中的符号Merge 要素合并Metadata 元要素Multi band 多波段影像Multi-part feature 组合要素,一个要素有多部分合并而成Multiple attributes 多重属性NNatural breaks 自然区分类Neatline 图廓线、图框线、地图分割线Network 网络Network dataset 网络数据集No data 无值的栅格单元Nodata 同No dataNormalization 归一化North arrow 指北针OOverlay 叠合、叠置Overshoot 过长OMDs(object model diagrams) 对象模型图OLE(object linking and embedding) 对象连接和嵌入Oneway 交通单向行驶PPan 图形平移Path 基于栅格的路径Parallel 平行Perpendicular 垂线Personal Geodatabase 个人地理数据库Picture 图片Pixel 像元、像素Pixel value 栅格单元值、像素单元值Point(feature) 点元素Polygon(feature) 多边形要素Polyline(feature) 线要素Precision 精度Preview 预览Profile 剖面Projected coordinate system 投影坐标系Project 项目、工程Projective 投影变换Proportional symbols 比例分配图Proximity 邻近、相邻Pseudo node 伪结点Pyramids 金字塔数据结构、数据索引QQuantities 定量分类(地图)Quartile 等量分类(地图)Query builder 查询工具,条件组合查询Query text box 查询文本框RRank 等级Raster 栅格Reclassify 再分类、重分类Record 记录,属性表的行Reference scale 参照比例显示、制图Reflection 偏转角度Relate 表和表的关联、连接Relational 关系型、关系模型Report 报表Residual error 残差,坐标转换后控制点和参照点坐标的差距RMS(root mean square) 坐标转换残差、平均根方差Rotate 要素旋转Route 网络路径Rubber sheeting 橡皮拉伸、坐标拉伸Rule 规则,拓扑规则Rulers 标尺SScale 地图比例要素缩放Scale bar 比例尺、图形比例尺Scale range 比例范围Scale text 比例说明、文字型比例尺SDE(spatial database engine) 空间数据引擎Segment 线要素的某一段Select 选择Selectable layer 可选要素的图层Selected feature 被选要素、入选要素Selected layer 被选图层Selection 选择、选择集Service area 基于网络的服务区Shape 要素的几何类型Shapefile 一种空间数据格式Shortest path (基于栅格的)最短路径、最佳路径Sketch 任意线Slope 坡度Snap,snapping 捕捉Spatial adjustment 空间校正Spatial join 空间连接Spatial reference 空间参照Split 线要素打断,插入结点Standard tool bar 标准工具条Start node 线要素的起点、起结点Start point 文字注记的起始点Stop (网络)停靠站Stretch 拉伸,调整影像的显示灰度、颜色Style 地图符号式样Surface 地面、地表Summarize 汇总统计Symbol 符号Symbology 符号规则,用于控制要素显示符号的对话框Symbol property editor 符号特征编辑器TTable 表、属性表Table of contents 操作界面中的目录表Target(layer) 编辑的目标图层Template 模板、制图模板Thiessen (polygon) 泰森多边形Thumbnail 缩略图TIN(triangular irregular network) 不规则三角网Title 标题,地图标题、插图标题To end 线段的终点Tolerance 容差Topology 拓扑Topology relation 拓扑关系Topology rule 拓扑规则Transform 坐标转换Transparence 透明方式显示图层Transparency 图像显示的透明度Trim 线要素剪切UUndershoot 线过短Union 合并,一种叠合计算方式Unique values 唯一值Utility(network) 市政公共设施(网络)U-Turn 转弯调头VValue 属性值,数值取值VBA(visual basic for application) 编程语言Vector 矢量Vertex 线的拐点Viewshed 视域Visible 字段的可见性,地物的可见W Workspace 工作空间XXML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Z Zoom 图形缩放Zoom in 图形放大Zoom out 图形缩小。
《GIS英汉词典》 专业术语、英汉互译、图文解释
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[data model]
DLG是由美国地质调查局(USGS)开发和分发的矢量数据格式。 DLG描述了关于地形、行政、水文、交通、人造特征等地理特 征的信息。
Digital Orthophotos Quadrangle (DOQ): 数字正射影像图
《GIS英汉词典》——专业术语、英汉互译、图文解释,通通在 这里!
前言:本文涉及GIS、遥感、测绘相关领域部分(130多个)专业术语,按英文单词首字母从A到Z进行排
序,并配以图片描述和中文简介。那些“知识已经还给大学老师”的同学们不用谢我哦!临近过年,赶紧收 藏起这份新年小礼物吧~
A
图片
术语
Active Sensors: 主动式传感器
Digital Terrain Model (DTM): 数字地面模型
[data model]
数字地面模型是一个表示地面特征空间分布的数据库,一般用一 系列地面点坐 标(x,y,z)及地表属性(目标类别、特征等)绗 成数据阵列,以此组成数字地面模型。 有时所指的地形特征点 仅指地面点的高程,就将这种数字地形描述称为数字高程模 型。
Arc: 弧段
[data structure]
直线或多边形边界,表示为一系列顶点或坐标点。
ArcGIS: Esri公司的GIS应用软件
[software]
ArcGIS是由Esri研发的一个GIS软件包,允许您收集、存储、管 理、可视化、导出、分析和绘制地理数据。 ArcGIS是一套可定 制的用户界面上的空间分析和制图工具,使您能够了解空间数 据并做出决策。
Affine transformation: 2D 仿射变换
[geometry]
ArcGIS中英文对照表
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创建标注
VPF 图块拓扑
Hale Waihona Puke Workspace Management 工作空间管理
Create Coverage
Data Management Tools 数据管理工具
Database 数据库
Compact
Compress
Disconnected Editing 分离编辑
点到结点
泰森近似多边形
从 Coverage
到 DLG
Export To Interchange File 到 Interchange 文件
Export To S57
Export To SETS
Export To VPF
Ungenerate
To Coverage
到 S57
ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox 中英文对照表
3D Analyst Tools 三维分析工具
Conversion
TIN 三角计算
TIN 域值
TIN 多边形标志
TIN 节点
融合
消除
查找冲突
简化建筑物
Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形
Indexes
Drop Index
Index Item
Items
Add Item
Drop Item
索引
项
删除索引
索引项
添加项
删除项
Line Coverage To Region 线 Coverage 到区域
Line Coverage To Route 线 Coverage 到路径
中英文地理信息系统(GIS)英语词汇表
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accreditation 委派accuracy 准确度acquisition 获取activity patterns 活动模式added value 附加值adjacency邻接Aeolian 伊奥利亚人的, 风的, 风蚀的Age of Discovery 发现的年代aggregation聚合algorithm, definition算法,定义ambiguity 不明确analytical cartography 分析制图application programming interfaces(APIs) 应用编程接口ARCGis 美国ESRI公司开发的世界先进的地理信息系统软件ArcIMS 它是个强大的,基于标准的工具,让你快速设计和管理Internet地图服务ArcInfo 在ArcGIS软件家族中,ArcInfo是GIS软件中功能最全面的。
它包含ArcView和ArcEditor 所有功能,并加上高级空间处理和数据转换ArcNews 美国ESRI向用户终生免费赠送的ArcNews报刊ArcSDE ArcSDE在ESRI GIS软件和DBMS之间提供通道,是一个空间数据引擎ArcUser Magazine 为ESRI用户创建的报刊ArcView 桌面GIS和制图软件,提供数据可视化,查询,分析和集成功能,以及创建和编辑地理数据的能力ARPANET ARPA 计算机网(美国国防部高级研究计划局建立的计算机网)aspatial data 非空间数据?Association of Geographic Information (AGI) 地理信息协会attribute data 属性数据attributes, types 属性,类型attributive geographic data 属性地理数据autocorrelation 自相关Autodesk MapGuide 美国Autodesk公司生产的Web GIS软件Automated mapping/facility management(AM/FM) systems 自动绘图/设备管理系统facilities 设备avatars 化身A VIRIS 机载可见光/红外成像光谱仪azimuthal projections 方位投影batch vectorization 批量矢量化beer consumption 啤酒消费benchmarking 基准Berry, Brianbest fit line 最优线binary counting system 二进制计算系统binomial distribution 二项式分布bivariate Gaussian distribution 二元高斯分布block encoding 块编码Bosnia, repartitioning 波斯尼亚,再分离成两个国家buffering 缓冲区分析Borrough, PeterBusiness and service planning(retailing) application in petroleum and convenience shopping 石油和便利购物的业务和服务规划(零售)应用business drivers 业务驱动business, GIS as 业务,地理信息系统作为Buttenfield, Barbaracadasters 土地清册Callingham, Martincannibalizing 调拨Cartesian coordinate system笛卡尔坐标系Cartograms 统计地图cartographic generalization 制图综合cartographic modeling 地图建模cartometric transformations 量图变换catalog view of database 数据库目录视图census data人口普查数据Census of Population 人口普查central Place Theory 中心区位论central point rule 中点规则central tendency 中心倾向centroid 质心choropleth mapping分区制图choosing a GIS 选择一个地理信息系统class 类别classification generalization 分类综合client 客户端client-server C/S结构客户端-服务器cluster analysis 聚类分析clutter 混乱coastline weave 海岸线codified knowledge 编码知识COGO data 坐标几何数据COGO editing tools 坐标几何编辑工具Collaboration 协作Local level 地方级National level 国家级Collection-level metadata 获取级元数据Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) systems 成熟的商业化系统chemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" />>> Commom object request broker architecture (CORBA) 公共对象请求代理体系结构Community, GIS 社区,地理信息系统Competition 竞争Component GIS 组件地理信息系统Component object model (COM) 组件对象模型Computer assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) 辅助大量估价,>>Computer-aided design (CAD)-based GIS 基于计算机辅助制图的地理信息系统Models 数据模型Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool 计算机辅助软件工程工具Concatenation 串联Confidence limits 置信界限Conflation 异文合并Conformal property 等角特性Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵Conic projections 圆锥投影Connectivity 连接性Consolidation 巩固Constant term 常数项Contagious diffusion 传染扩散Continuing professional development (CPD) 持续专业发展Coordinates 坐标Copyright 版权Corridor 走廊Cost-benefit analysis 成本效益分析Cost-effectiveness evaluation 成本效率评估Counting method 计算方法Cresswell, PaulCustomer support 客户支持Cylindrical Equidistant Projection 圆柱等距投影Cylindrical projections 圆柱投影> >Dangermond, Jack 美国ESRI总裁>> dasymetric mapping 分区密度制图>>data 数据>>automation 自动化>>capture costs 获取代价>>capture project 获取工程>>collection workflow 采集工作流>> compression 压缩>>conversion 转换>>definition 定义>>geographic, nature of 地理数据,数据的性质>> GIS 地理信息系统>>industry 产业>>integration 集成>>mining 挖掘>>transfer 迁移>>translation 转化>>data model 数据模型>> definition 定义>>levels of abstraction 提取等级>> in practice 实际上>>types 类型>>database 数据库>>definition 定义>>design 设计>>generalization 综合>>global 全球的>>index 索引>>multi-user editing 多用户编辑>> structuring 结构>>database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统>>capabilities 能力>>data storage 数据存储>>geographic extensions 地理扩展>>types 类型>>Dayton Accord 达顿协定,1995年12月达顿协定(DAYTON ACCORD)签订,巴尔干和平已经实现,波斯尼亚(包括黑塞哥维那)再被分解成两个国家>>decision support 决策支持>>deductive reasoning 演绎推理>>definitions of GIS 地理信息系统的各种定义>>degrees of freedom 自由度>>density estimation 密度估算>>dependence in space 空间依赖>>desktop GIS 桌面地理信息系统>>desktop paradigms 桌面范例>>Digital Chart of the World (DCW) 世界数字化图>>digital divide 数字鸿沟>>Digital Earth 数字地球>>Digital elevation models (DEMs) 数字高程模型>>Digital line graph (DLG) 数字线划图>>Digital raster graphic (DRG) 数字影像图>>Digital representation 数字表现>>Digital terrain models 数字地形模型>>Digitizing 数字化>>DIME (Dual Independent Map Encoding) program 美国人口调查局建立的双重独立地图编码系统>> Dine CARE >>Discrete objects 离散对象>>Douglas-Poiker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法,一种矢量数据抽稀算法>>Dublin Core metadata standard 都柏林核心元数据标准>>Dynamic segmentation 动态分割>>Dynamic simulation models 动态仿真模型>>> >Easting 朝东方>>Ecological fallacy 生态谬误>>e-commerce 电子商业>>editing 编辑>>education 教育>>electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱>>ellipsoids 偏振光椭圆率测量仪>>of rotation 旋转的>>emergency evacuation 应急撤退>>encapsulation 封装>>environmental applications 环境应用>>environmental impact 环境影响>>epidemiology 流行病学>>equal area property 等面积特性>>Equator 赤道>>ERDAS ERDAS公司是世界上最大的专业遥感图像处理软件公司,用户遍布100多个国家,软件套数超过17000套。
ARCGIS工具中英对照总结
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Analysis Tool:分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split拆分Table Select表选择Overlay叠加分析Erase 擦除Ide ntity 查看In tersect 相交SymmetricalDifferenee 对称差Union联合Update更新Proximity邻域分析Buffer缓冲区Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distanee 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计Cartography Tool:绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul- De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素xx掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模Co nversion Tool:转换工具From Raster 从删格到... Raster to ASCI I 删格到ASCIIRaster to Float删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline删格到线ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox中英文对照表①3D An alyst Tools三维分析工具Conversion 转换TIN三角计算TIN域值TIN多边形标志TIN节点TIN边TIN到栅格栅格转TINFun cti onal Surface 表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面XX视线Raster In terpolati on 栅格修补克里XX地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math栅格计算乘减加取整浮点Raster ReclasS栅格重分类切片查找用ASCI I文件重分类用表重分类重分类Raster Surface 栅格表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Terrain地形地势地带领域TIN Creatio nTIN 创建创建TIN编辑TINTIN SurfaceTIN 表面TIN坡度TIN方位TIN等高线多边形插值成多个面②An alysis Tool分析工具Extract 提取Clip剪切Select选择Split拆分Table Select 表选择Overlay叠加分析Erase擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union联合Update更新Proximity邻域分析Buffer缓冲区Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near临近Poi nt Dista nee 点距离Statistics 统计表Freque ncy 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计③Cartography Too I绘图工具Maski ng Tools掩模工具Cul-De-Sac MasksCul-De-Sa掩模Feature Outline Masks要素xx 掩模In tersect ing Layers Masks 相交图层掩模④Conv ersi on Tool转换工具From Raster从删格到…Raster to ASCI删格到ASCIIRaster to Float删格到浮点Raster to Poi nt 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyli ne 删格到线To CAD到CADAdd CAD Fields添加CAD 字段Create CAD XData创建CAD扩展实体数据Export to CAD导出到CADSet CAD Alias设置CAD 别名To Coverage至U CoverageFeature Class To Coverage 要素类至U CoverageTo dBASE至dBASETable to dBASE [multiple]表到dBASETo GeodatabaseFeature Class To Feature Clas要素类到要素类Feature Class to Geodatabase [multiple] 要素类至U Geodatabase Import CAD Annotation 导入CAD 注记Import Coverage Annotation 导入Coverage 注记Import from CAD 从CAD 导入Raster To Geodatabase[multiple栅格至U GeodatabaseTable to Geodatabase[multiple]表至U GeodatabaseTable To Table表到表To Raster到栅格ASCII to RasterASCI 到栅格DEM to RasterDEM 到栅格Feature to Raster要素到栅格Float to Raster浮点到栅格Raster To Other Format栅格到其他格式To Shapefile到ShapefileFeature Class To Shapefile 要素类到Shapefile⑤Data In teroperability Tools 数据互转工具⑥Data Man ageme ntTools数据管理工具Database数据库Compact 紧凑Compress 压缩Disco nn ected Edit ing 分离编辑Check In 检入Check In From Delta从增量中检入Check Out 检出Export To Delta 导出增量Domai ns 值域Add Coded Value To Domair添加编码值到值域Assign Doma in To Fielc赋值值域到字段Create Doma in创建值域Delete Coded Value From Domain从值域中删除编码值Delete Doma in删除值域Domai n To Table 值域到表Remove Doma in From Field从字段删除值域Set Value For Ra nge Domain为范围值域设置值Table To Domai n 表到值域Feature class 要素类Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Calculate Default Cluster Toleranee 计算缺省容限值Calculate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网xx Integrate 整合Update Anno tati on Feature Class更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Features 要素Add XY Coordinates添加XY 坐标Cheek Geometry检查几何形状Copy Features复制要素Delete Features 删除要素Feature En velope to Polygon 要素圭寸装到多边形Feature To Li ne 要素到线Feature To Poi nt 要素到点Feature To Polygo n要素到多边形Feature Vertices To Poi nts要素定点至U点Multipart To Singlepart多部分到单部分Polygon To Line多边形到线Repair Geometry修改集合形状Split Li ne At Vertices 在定点拆分线Fields字段Add Field添加字段Assign Default To Fielc设置缺省到字段Calculate Field 计算字段Delete Field删除字段General —般Copy复制Delete删除Ren ame重命名Select Data选择数据追加追加Gen eralizati on —般Aggregate Polygo ns聚集多边形Collapse Dual Li nes To Cen terli ne 分解双线到中心线Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Smooth Line 平滑线Simplify Buildi ng 简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon简化线或多边形IndexesxxAdd Attribute Index 添加属性xxAdd Spatial Index添加空间xx Remove Attribute Index 删除属性xx Remove Spatial Index删除空间xx Find Con flicts 查找冲突Drop Index 删除xxIn dex Itemxx 项Add Item添加项Drop Item删除项Joins连接Join Info Tables连接Info 表Projections 投影Define Projection 定义投影Project 投影Transform 变换Renu mber Nodes重新计数节点Update IDs更新IDTolera nces 容差Tolera nee 容差Topology拓扌卜Build构建Clea nClea nCreate Labels创建标注VPF Tile TopologyVPF图块拓扑Workspace Management 工作空间管理Create Coverage创建CoverageJoins连接Add Join添加连接Remove Join删除连接Layers and Table Views 图层和表的查看Make Query Table制作查询表Make Raster Catalog Laye制作栅格目录图层Make Raster Layer制作栅格图层Make XY Event Laye制作XY事件图层Save To Layer Fiie^存成图层文件Select Layer By Attribute 通过属性选择Select Layer By Location通过位置选择制作表视图制作表视图制作要素图层制作要素图层Projections and Transformations 投影和转换Feature 要素Batch Project批量投影Project 投影创建空间参考创建空间参考Raster栅格Flip翻转Mirror镜像Project Raster 投影栅格Rescale重建比例Rotate旋转Shift偏移War翘曲Define Projection 定义投影Raster栅格Batch Build Pyramids批量建立xxBatch Calculate Statistics批量计算统计表Build Pyramids建立xxCalculate Statistics 计算统计表Clip剪切Composite Bands 组合波段Copy Raster复制栅格Copy Raster Catalog Items复制栅格目录项Create Raster Catalog创建栅格目录Delete Raster Catalog Items 删除栅格目录项Mosaic To New Raster镶嵌到新的栅格Resample重采样创建栅格数据集创建栅格数据集镶嵌镶嵌Relati on ship Classes关系类Create Relatio nship Clas创建关系类Table To Relationship Class 表到关系类Subtypesxx 类型Add Subtype添加子类型Remove Subtype删除子类型Set Default Subtype设置缺省子类型Set Subtype Field设置子类型字段Table 表An alyze 分析Change Privileges改变权限Copy Rows复制行Delete Rows 删除行Get Cou nt获得数目Pivot Tablexx 表创建表创建表Topology拓扌卜Add Feature Class To Topology添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rule To Topology添加规则到拓扑Create Topology仓U建拓扌卜Remove Feature Class From Topology 从拓扌卜删除要素类Remove Rule From Topology从拓扑中删除规则Set Cluster Tolera nee设置簇容限值Validate Topology 教验拓扑Versions 版本Alter Version改变版本Create Version 创建版本Delete Versio n 删除版本Post Version提交版本Reeo ncile Versio n 协调版本Register As Versio nec注册版本Un register As Versioned 取消注册Workspace工作空间Create ArcInfo Workspace创建ArcInfo 工作空间Create Feature Dataset创J建要素数据集Create Folder创建文件夹Create Personal GDB创建个人GeodatabaseGeocodi ng Tools地理编码工具Automate Geocoding Indexes 自动生成地理编码xx Create Address Locator创建地址定位器Deautomate Geocoding Indexes取消自动生成地理编码xx Delete Address Locator删除地址定位器Geocode Addresses地理编码地址Rebuild Geocoding Indexes重建地理编码xxSta ndardize Addresses标准化地址⑦Geocoding Tools地理编码工具⑧Geostatistical Analyst Tools地理统计分析工具Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到Grid⑨Linear Referencing Tools线性参考工具Calibrate Routes 校准路径Create Routes创建路径Dissolve Route Eve nts融合路径事件Locate Features Alo ng Routes 沿路径定位要素Make Route Eve nt Layei制作路径事件图层Overlay Route Eve nts叠加路径事件Transform Route Eve nts 转换路径事件⑩Spatial An alyst Tools空间分析工具Conditional 条件拾取条件设空Den sity 密度核密度点密度线密度Dista nee 距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraetion 提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Gen eralizati on —般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理Groundwater 地下水粒子跟踪达西速率透水层Hydrology 水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation 添补克里XX地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格趋势距离权重倒数Local本地像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率XX度最低位置最高位置等于频率Map Algebra地图代数单输出地图代数多输出地图代数Math数学计算Bitwise为运算位与位右移位否位异或左位移按位或Logical逻辑运算不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或Trigonometric 三角函数ATa n2xx双曲xx双曲正切双曲正弦反xx反双曲xx 反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10的对数10的指数2的对数2的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方XX指数浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate多元多变量Isocluster主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood 邻域块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计过滤Overlay 叠加加权叠加Raster Creation 栅格创建创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass重分类切片查找用ASCI I文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface 表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线列表观察点视域Zonal区域区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表Spatial Statistics Tools空间统计工具An alyz ing Patter ns 分析模型Average Nearest Neighbor平均邻近邻居High/Low Clusteri ng[Getis-Ord Ge neral G高/ 低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Mora ns I] 空间自相关Mappi ng Clusters 绘制群体Cluster and Outlier An alysis群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*] 热点分析Hot Spot An alysis with Ren deri ng 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Cen tral Feature 中心要素Directional Distribution 定向分布Linear Directio nal Mea n 平均线方向Mea n Cen ter平均中心Sta ndard Dista nee标准间隔距离Utilities实用工具Calculate Areas 计算面积Collect Eve nts 收集事件Collect Eve nts with Ren deri ng 带渲染收集事件Cou nt Re nderi ng 计算渲染Ascii文本Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到Z Score Ren deri neCoverage Tool: Coverage覆盖、覆盖范围工具Poi nt Dista nee 点距离Point Node点到结点Thiesse nxx近似多边形Conversion 转换From Coverage从CoverageExport To DLG至U DLGExport To Interchange File 至U Interchange 文件Export To S57到S57Export To SET到SETSExport To VPF到VPFUngen erate取消生成To Coverage至U CoverageAdvaneed Tiger Conversion 高级Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion基本Tiger 转换Gen erate 生成Import From DLG从DLG 导入Import From Interchange File 从Interchange 文件导入Import From S57从S57 导入Import From SETS从SETS导入Imort From VPF从VPF 导入Data Man ageme nt 数据管理Aggregate 集合Append追加Composite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线Coverage 至U区域Line Coverage To Route线Coverage 至U路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形Coverage 至U区域Regi on To Polyg on Coverage 区域至U多边形Coverage。
ARCGIS工具中英对照总结
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Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split 拆分Table Select 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distance 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到... Raster to ASCII 删格到ASCII Raster to Float 删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline 删格到线ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox 中英文对照表①3D Analyst Tools 三维分析工具Conversion 转换TIN 三角计算TIN 域值TIN 多边形标志TIN 节点TIN 边栅格转TINFunctional Surface 表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raster Interpolation 栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math 栅格计算乘减加取整浮点除Raster Reclass 栅格重分类切片查找用ASCII 文件重分类重分类Raster Surface 栅格表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Terrain 地形地势地带领域TIN Creation TIN 创建创建TIN编辑TINTIN Surface TIN 表面TIN 坡度TIN 方位TIN 等高线多边形插值成多个面②Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split 拆分Table Select 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multiple Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distance 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计③Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模④Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到...Raster to ASCII 删格到ASCIIRaster to Float 删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline 删格到线To CAD 到CADAdd CAD Fields 添加CAD 字段Create CAD XData 创建CAD 扩展实体数据Export to CAD 导出到CADSet CAD Alias 设置CAD 别名To Coverage 到CoverageFeature Class To Coverage 要素类到CoverageTo dBASE 到dBASETable to dBASE [multiple] 表到dBASETo GeodatabaseFeature Class To Feature Class 要素类到要素类Feature Class to Geodatabase [multiple] 要素类到Geodatabase Import CAD Annotation 导入CAD 注记Import Coverage Annotation 导入Coverage 注记Import from CAD 从CAD 导入Raster To Geodatabase[multiple] 栅格到Geodatabase Table to Geodatabase[multiple] 表到GeodatabaseTable To Table 表到表To Raster 到栅格ASCII to Raster ASCII 到栅格DEM to Raster DEM 到栅格Feature to Raster 要素到栅格Float to Raster 浮点到栅格Raster To Other Format 栅格到其他格式To Shapefile 到ShapefileFeature Class To Shapefile 要素类到Shapefile⑤Data Interoperability Tools 数据互转工具⑥Data Management Tools 数据管理工具Database 数据库Compact 紧凑Compress 压缩Disconnected Editing 分离编辑Check In 检入Check In From Delta 从增量中检入Check Out 检出Export To Delta 导出增量Domains 值域Add Coded Value To Domain 添加编码值到值域Assign Domain To Field 赋值值域到字段Create Domain 创建值域Delete Coded Value From Domain 从值域中删除编码值Delete Domain 删除值域Domain To Table 值域到表Remove Domain From Field 从字段删除值域Set Value For Range Domain 为范围值域设置值Table To Domain 表到值域Feature class 要素类Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Calculate Default Cluster Tolerance 计算缺省容限值Calculate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate 整合Update Annotation Feature Class 更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Features 要素Add XY Coordinates 添加XY 坐标Check Geometry 检查几何形状Copy Features 复制要素Delete Features 删除要素Feature Envelope to Polygon 要素封装到多边形Feature To Line 要素到线Feature To Point 要素到点Feature To Polygon 要素到多边形Feature Vertices To Points 要素定点到点Multipart To Singlepart 多部分到单部分Polygon To Line 多边形到线Repair Geometry 修改集合形状Split Line At Vertices 在定点拆分线Fields 字段Add Field 添加字段Assign Default To Field 设置缺省到字段Calculate Field 计算字段Delete Field 删除字段General 一般Copy 复制Delete 删除Rename 重命名Select Data 选择数据追加追加Generalization 一般Aggregate Polygons 聚集多边形Collapse Dual Lines To Centerline 分解双线到中心线Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Smooth Line 平滑线Simplify Building 简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形Indexes 索引Add Attribute Index 添加属性索引Add Spatial Index 添加空间索引Remove Attribute Index 删除属性索引Remove Spatial Index 删除空间索引Find Conflicts 查找冲突Drop Index 删除索引Index Item 索引项Add Item 添加项Drop Item 删除项Joins 连接Join Info Tables 连接Info 表Projections 投影Define Projection 定义投影Project 投影Transform 变换Renumber Nodes 重新计数节点Update IDs 更新IDTolerances 容差Tolerance 容差Topology 拓扑Build 构建Clean CleanCreate Labels 创建标注VPF Tile Topology VPF 图块拓扑Workspace Management 工作空间管理Create Coverage 创建CoverageJoins 连接Add Join 添加连接Remove Join 删除连接Layers and Table Views 图层和表的查看Make Query Table 制作查询表Make Raster Catalog Layer 制作栅格目录图层Make Raster Layer 制作栅格图层Make XY Event Layer 制作XY 事件图层Save To Layer File 保存成图层文件Select Layer By Attribute 通过属性选择Select Layer By Location 通过位置选择制作表视图制作表视图制作要素图层制作要素图层Projections and Transformations 投影和转换Feature 要素Batch Project 批量投影Project 投影创建空间参考创建空间参考Raster 栅格Flip 翻转Mirror 镜像Project Raster 投影栅格Rescale 重建比例Rotate 旋转Shift 偏移War 翘曲Define Projection 定义投影Raster 栅格Batch Build Pyramids 批量建立金字塔Batch Calculate Statistics 批量计算统计表Build Pyramids 建立金字塔Calculate Statistics 计算统计表Clip 剪切Composite Bands 组合波段Copy Raster 复制栅格Copy Raster Catalog Items 复制栅格目录项Create Raster Catalog 创建栅格目录Delete Raster Catalog Items 删除栅格目录项Mosaic To New Raster 镶嵌到新的栅格Resample 重采样创建栅格数据集创建栅格数据集镶嵌镶嵌Relationship Classes 关系类Create Relationship Class 创建关系类Table To Relationship Class 表到关系类Subtypes 子类型Add Subtype 添加子类型Remove Subtype 删除子类型Set Default Subtype 设置缺省子类型Set Subtype Field 设置子类型字段Table 表Analyze 分析Change Privileges 改变权限Copy Rows 复制行Delete Rows 删除行Get Count 获得数目Pivot Table 关联表创建表创建表Topology 拓扑Add Feature Class To Topology 添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rule To Topology 添加规则到拓扑Create Topology 创建拓扑Remove Feature Class From Topology 从拓扑删除要素类Remove Rule From Topology 从拓扑中删除规则Set Cluster Tolerance 设置簇容限值Validate Topology 教验拓扑Versions 版本Alter Version 改变版本Create Version 创建版本Delete Version 删除版本Post Version 提交版本Reconcile Version 协调版本Register As Versioned 注册版本Unregister As Versioned 取消注册Workspace 工作空间Create ArcInfo Workspace 创建ArcInfo 工作空间Create Feature Dataset 创建要素数据集Create Folder 创建文件夹Create Personal GDB 创建个人GeodatabaseGeocoding Tools 地理编码工具Automate Geocoding Indexes 自动生成地理编码索引Create Address Locator 创建地址定位器Deautomate Geocoding Indexes 取消自动生成地理编码索引Delete Address Locator 删除地址定位器Geocode Addresses 地理编码地址Rebuild Geocoding Indexes 重建地理编码索引Standardize Addresses 标准化地址⑦Geocoding Tools 地理编码工具⑧Geostatistical Analyst Tools 地理统计分析工具Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到Grid⑨Linear Referencing Tools 线性参考工具Calibrate Routes 校准路径Create Routes 创建路径Dissolve Route Events 融合路径事件Locate Features Along Routes 沿路径定位要素Make Route Event Layer 制作路径事件图层Overlay Route Events 叠加路径事件Transform Route Events 转换路径事件⑩Spatial Analyst Tools 空间分析工具Conditional 条件拾取条件设空Density 密度核密度点密度线密度Distance 距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraction 提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization 一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理Groundwater 地下水粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层Hydrology 水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程累积流量Interpolation 添补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Local 本地像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率Map Algebra 地图代数单输出地图代数多输出地图代数Math 数学计算Bitwise 为运算位与位右移位异或左位移按位或Logical 逻辑运算不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或Trigonometric 三角函数ATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10 的对数10 的指数2 的对数2 的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate 多元多变量Isocluster主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood 邻域块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay 叠加加权叠加Raster Creation 栅格创建创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass 重分类切片查找用ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface 表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Zonal 区域区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表○11Spatial Statistics Tools 空间统计工具Analyzing Patterns 分析模型Average Nearest Neighbor 平均邻近邻居High/Low Clustering[Getis-Ord General G]高/低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Morans I] 空间自相关Mapping Clusters 绘制群体Cluster and Outlier Analysis 群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*] 热点分析Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Central Feature 中心要素Directional Distribution 定向分布Linear Directional Mean 平均线方向Mean Center 平均中心Standard Distance 标准间隔距离Utilities 实用工具Calculate Areas 计算面积Collect Events 收集事件Collect Events with Rendering 带渲染收集事件Count Rendering 计算渲染Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到Ascii 文本Z Score RenderineCoverage Tool: Coverage 覆盖、覆盖范围工具Point Distance 点距离Point Node 点到结点Thiessen 泰森近似多边形Conversion 转换From Coverage 从CoverageExport To DLG 到DLGExport To Interchange File 到Interchange 文件Export To S57 到S57Export To SETS 到SETSExport To VPF 到VPFUngenerate 取消生成To Coverage 到Coverage关于17-20周实训的几点说明Advanced Tiger Conversion 高级Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion 基本Tiger 转换Generate 生成Import From DLG 从DLG 导入Import From Interchange File 从Interchange 文件导入Import From S57 从S57 导入Import From SETS 从SETS 导入Imort From VPF 从VPF 导入Data Management 数据管理Aggregate 集合Append 追加Composite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线Coverage 到区域Line Coverage To Route 线Coverage 到路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形Coverage 到区域Region To Polygon Coverage 区域到多边形Coverage页脚内容。
ArcGIS中英文对照表
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表面体积
表面点
表面长度
视线
Raster Interpolation 栅格修补
克里金
地形到栅格
曲线拟合
用文件地形到栅格
自然邻域
趋势
距离权重倒数
Raster Math
乘
减
加
取整
浮点
除
Raster Reclass
切片
查找
用 ASCII 文件重分类
Advanced Tiger Conversion 高级 Tiger 转换
Basic Tiger Conversion 基本 Tiger 转换
Generate
Import From DLG
生成
从 DLG 导入
Import From Interchange File 从 Interchange 文件导入
从删格到...
删格到 ASCII
Raster to Float
Raster to Point
Raster to Polygon
Raster to Polyline
To CAD
Add CAD Fields
Create CAD XData
Export to CAD
Update IDs
Tolerances 容差
Tolerance
Topology 拓扑
Build
Clean
Create Labels
VPF Tile Topology
定义投影
投影
变换
添加 XY 坐标
重新计数节点
更新 ID
GIS英语
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现整理ArcGIS空间分析扩展模块涉及到术语(英汉对照)Altitude 高度,海拔,地平纬度Analysis extent 分析范围Analysis mask 分析掩码Arithmetic functions 算术函数Arithmetic operators 算术运算符Aspect 坡向Attribute table属性表Azimuth方位角,地平经度Barrier 界线、中断线、阻碍线Boolean Operators 逻辑运算符cell 单元(注:pixl 像元)cell size 单元大小cell statistics 单元统计continuous raster 连续栅格数据contour 等值线coordinate system坐标系统cost dataset 成本数据集cost weighted allcation 成本权重分配cost weighted direction 成本权重方向cost weighted distance 成本权重距离Density 密度Destination目的地Discrete raster 离散栅格数据feature 要素feature Dataset 要素数据集field 字段、域Focal functions 邻域函数Global functions全局函数Grid格网Hillshade山体阴影Histogram 直方图Interpolation 内插、插值Inverse Distance Weighted 反距离权重(插值)Kriging 克里格(插值)least-cost path 最低成本路径local functions局域函数Make permanent 生成永久文件Map Algebra 地图代数GIS英文词汇翻译GIS英文词汇翻译abscissa横坐标absolute accuracy绝对精度absolute coordinates绝对坐标absorption吸收abstraction抽取accuracy 精度across-track scanner跨径扫描仪active remote sensing主动遥感Add Data 添加数据address geocoding地址地理编码address locator地址定位器address matching地址匹配Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer 高级甚高分辨率辐射仪agreement licensee 协议被许可人air station航摄站alidade照准仪along-track scanner沿径扫描仪alphanumeric grid字母数字网格视差立体图analog image模拟图像analysis mask分析掩模anisotropy各向异性antipode对跖点apogee远地点arc弧architecture架构archive档案argument参数arithmetic expressionaspatial data非空间数据aspect ratio纵横比astrolabe星盘atlas grid地图集网格atmospheric window大气窗口atomic clock原子钟attenuation衰减authentication身份验证author 作者autocorrelation自相关automated cartographyautomation scale自动化比例autovectorization自动矢量化axis轴azimuthal projection 方位投影backscatter后向散射band波段band ratio波段比band-pass filter带通滤波器bandwidth带宽bar scale比例尺(图形比例尺) base layer底层base station基站batch 批量batch geocoding批量地理编码batch processing批处理batch vectorization 批量矢量化bathymetric curve 等深线battleships grid战舰网格Bayesian statistics 贝叶斯统计bearing方位角Bézier curvebilinear interpolation双线性内插法binding绑定binomial distribution二项式分布biogeography生物地理学blind digitizing盲目数字化block group街区群block kriging块段克里金法bookmark 书签boolean 1.布尔数据类型; 2.布尔值Boolean operator布尔运算符boundary边界界线boundary monument界标boundary survey 边界测量bounding rectangle边界矩形Bowditch rule包狄法则break point 断点breakline断裂线browser 浏览器buffer area 缓冲区business logic 业务逻辑CAD 计算机辅助设计(computer-aided design) cadastral survey地籍测量cadastre地籍calibration 校准,定标callout line标注线camera station摄站capacity容量cardinal point方位基点cardinality基数Cartesian coordinate system 笛卡尔坐标系cartogram统计图cartographer制图员cartography制图学cartouche地图饰框catalog tree 目录树catchmentcategorical raster 类目栅格celestial sphere天球cell size栅格大小cells 栅格cellular automaton 元胞自动机census block人口普查区块census geography 人口普查地理学center 中心点centerline中心线centerpoint中点central meridian 中央子午线centroidchart 图表chi-square statistic卡方统计choropleth map面量图chroma色度chronometer天文钟circle圆circular variance圆方差civilian code民用码Clarke Belt克拉克带Clarke ellipsoid 克拉克椭球Clarke spheroid 克拉克椭球面clearinghouse(信息或服务)交换中心clinometric map坡度图code-phase GPS码相位GPScognitive map认知图coincident重叠cokriging协同克里金法command 命令command line 命令行compass north罗经北compass point罗经点compass rose罗经盘compass rule罗盘仪法则compression program 压缩程序computational geometry计算几何学conformal projection等角投影,保角投影,正形投影conformality保形性conic projection圆锥投影conjoint boundary共同边界constant azimuth恒定方位containment包含Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata 数字地理空间元数据的内容标准continuous raster连续栅格contour 等高线,等值线contour drawings 等高线图,等值线图contour interval等高线间距,等值线间距contour line等高线,等值线contour tagging等高线标注,等值线标注contrast ratio对比度contrast stretch对比度扩展convergence angle收敛角conversion转换convex hull凸包coordinate geometry坐标几何学coordinate system??坐标系??coordinated universal time 协调世界时correlation相关corridor analysis走廊分析, 廊道分析county subdivision县级分区covariance协方差coverage1.覆盖面;2.ESRI图层cracking裂化Crandall rule Crandall 法则crop guide裁切参考线crop marks裁切标记cross correlation交叉相关cross covariance交叉协方差cross tabulation 交叉表cross validation交叉验证cross variogram交叉变差函数cubic convolution立方卷积插值法cultural feature人文要素cultural geography文化地理学curb approach路边通道curve fitting曲线拟合customizations 自定义cylindrical projection圆柱投影dangle length悬线长度dangle tolerancedangling arc 悬弧dasymetric mapping分区制图(多用于人口数据)data management 数据管理data table 数据表dataset 数据集datum基准DBMS 数据库管理系统(data-base management system) dead reckoning航位推测法declination 1.偏角;2.磁偏角degree slope坡度Delaunay triangulation德洛内三角delimiter分隔符demography人口统计学densify增密密度计density slicing密度分割deploy 部署或安装(硬件、软件等)depression contour洼地等高线depth contour等深线depth curve深度曲线descending node降交点desire-line analysis期望线分析desktop 桌面desktop clients 桌面客户端Desktop GIS 桌面GIS destination目标determinate flow direction确定性流向deterministic model确定性模型detrending趋势分离developable surface可展表面developer 开发人员development environment开发环境diazo process重氮晒印法difference 差异differential correction差分校正differential Global Positioning System差分全球定位系统diffusion扩散Digital elevation model 数字高程模型Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard 数字化地理信息交换标准Digital Geographic Information Working Group 数字地理信息工作组digital image processing数字图像处理digital line graph数字线划图digital nautical chart数字海图digital number数值digital orthophoto quadrangle数字正射影像图digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle数字正射影像象限图digital raster graphic数字栅格图digital terrain elevation data??数字地形高程数据??digital terrain model数字地形模型digitizer数字化仪Dijkstra’s algorithm狄捷斯特拉算法dilution of precision精度衰减因子dimension 尺寸,维,维度directed network flow有向网络流direction 方向Dirichlet tessellation荻瑞斯莱特镶嵌,荻瑞斯莱特剖分discovery 发现discrete data离散数据discrete digitizing离散数字化discrete raster离散栅格数据displacement 位移display scale显示比例display unit显示单位dissemination 扩散,传播distance距离distance decay 距离衰减distance unit 距离单位distortion变形district 地区dithering抖动diurnal arc周日弧docking停靠Doppler shift 多普勒位移Doppler-aided GPS多普勒辅助GPSdot density map点密度图dot distribution map点分布图double precision双精度double-coordinate precision 双坐标精度Douglas-Peucker algorithm 道格拉斯-普克算法downstream下游drafting描绘draping叠加,披盖drift漂移drive-time area驾车时间区drop-down list 下拉列表drum scanner鼓式扫描仪Dual Independent Map Encoding 双重独立坐标地图编码dynamic zoom 动态缩放easting东距eccentricity偏心率ecliptic黄道edge边edgematching边缘匹配elastic transformation弹性变形electromagnetic spectrum 电磁光谱electronic atlas电子地图集electronic navigational chart 电子航海图element元素elevation guide高程指南ellipsoid 椭球体ellipticity椭圆率end offset末端偏移endpoint 端点enterprise GIS企业级GISentity objects 实体对象envelope包络矩形environmental model环境模型ephemeris星历表equal competition area平等竞争区equal-area classification等积分类equal-area projection等积投影equal-interval classification 等距分类equatorial plane 赤道面equidistant projection等距投影ESRI Data ESRI 数据event事件exponent指数export导出exposure stationexpression表达式extended 扩展extent范围extrapolation外插法extrude 拉伸extrusion拉伸face平面false easting东移假定值false northing北移假定值feature 要素Federal Geographic Data Committee 美国联邦地理数据委员会field 字段fill 填充圆角filter过滤器,过滤flow direction流向flow map流向图focal analysis 邻域分析focal functions 邻域函数form 地形,形式fractal分形framework 框架frequency频率from-node起点Full Extent完整范围fuzzy boundary模糊边界fuzzy classification模糊分类fuzzy set模糊集合fuzzy tolerance模糊容差Gauss-Krüger projection高斯-克吕格投影generalization概化,(数据库或地图的)综合技术geocentric coordinate system??地心坐标系??geocode地理编码geocoding 地理编码geocomputation地理计算geodata 地理数据geodatabase 地理数据库geodatabase data model地理数据库数据模型geodataset地理数据集geodesic测地线geodetic 测地学geographic coordinate system 地理坐标系geographic information science地理信息学Geographic Information System (GIS) 地理信息系统(GIS) geography地理学geography level地理等级Geography Markup Language地理标记语言geoid大地水准面geoid-ellipsoid separation大地水准面-地球椭球面分离geolocation几何定位geometric coincidence几何重叠geometric correction几何校正geometric dilution of precision 几何精度衰减因子geometric network几何网络geometric transformation几何变换geometry 几何学geomorphology地貌学geoprocessing 地理处理georectification地理校正georeference 地理参考georeferencing地理参考georelational data model地理相关数据模型geospatial data地理空间数据geospatial data clearinghouse 地理空间数据交换中心geospatial technology地理空间技术geospecific model地学相关模型geostationary对地静止geostatistics地理统计学geosynchronous对地同步geotypical model典型地理模型GIS地理信息系统GIScience地理信息学Global Navigation Satellite System 全球卫星导航系统Global Positioning System全球定位系统global spatial data infrastructure全球空间数据基础架构glyph字形gnomonic projection日晷投影Go to XY 转至XYGPS全球定位系统grad梯度(原英文单词可能有误) gradian梯度gradient坡度,斜率graticule经纬网gravimeter重力计gravimetric geodesy大地重力学gravity model引力模型gray scale灰度great circle大圆Greenwich mean time 格林尼治标准时间Greenwich meridian格林尼治子午线grid 网格grid cell网格单元ground 大地,地面GUI GUI (图形用户界面) hachure晕渲线Hamiltonian circuit汉密尔顿回路Hamiltonian path汉密尔顿路径height高度Helmert transformation线性正形变换hemisphere半球heuristic试探算法,试探函数hexadecimal十六进制High Accuracy Reference Network高精度基准网High Precision Geodetic Network高精度大地基准网hillshading 坡面阴影,晕渲histogram equalization直方图均衡化hole孔洞horizontal geodetic datum 水平大地基准human geography人文地理学hydrography水文地理学hydrologic cycle水循环hydrology水文学hyperlink 超链接hypsography测高学,地势图hypsometric curve等高线hypsometric map地势图hypsometry测高法Identify 识别identity link一致性链接illumination照度image coordinate图像坐标image data图像数据image division图像除法运算image scale图像比例尺image space图像空间imager成像仪impedance阻抗import导入IMS IMS (网络地图服务器,Internet Map Server) incident energy入射能量index索引index map索引图infrared scanner红外扫描仪infrastructure基础设施inset map插图instance 实例instantiation实例化integer data整数型数据integration 集成intensity亮度interactive vectorization 交互矢量化interchange format交换格式interferogram干涉图intermediate data中间数据international date line 国际日期变更线international meridian 国际子午线International Organization for Standardization 国际标准化组织interpolation内插法interrupted projection分瓣投影intrinsic stationarity内在稳态inverse distance weighted interpolation反距离加权内插法irregular triangular mesh不规则三角网irregular triangular surface model不规则三角面模型isanomal等地平isarithm等数线isobar等压线isochrone等时线isohyet等雨量线isolines 等值线isometric line等容线isopleth等值线isotherm等温线isotropy无向性iteration 迭代iterative procedure迭代过程jaggies 锯齿Jenks’ optimization詹克斯优化joint operations graphic联合作战地图junction element交点元素kernel内核key identifier 主标识符kinematic positioning动态定位knockout分离区(信号或通讯的中断) known point已知点Kohonen map柯霍南图kriging克里金法label标签labeling 标注lag间隔land cover土地覆盖land information system土地信息系统land use土地利用landform地形landmark地标Landsat陆地卫星landscape ecology景观生态学large scale大比例尺lattice点阵面layers 层layout布局least squares 最小二乘法level水平leveling水平测量library 类库license 许可证license agreement 许可协议licensee 被许可人lidar激光雷达line线line feature线要素line of sight视线line simplification线条简化line smoothing线条平滑linear dimension线性尺寸linear feature线性要素linear interpolation线性内插法linear referencing线性参考(用于交通GIS) linear unit线性单位localization本地化location query位置查询location-allocation位置分配location-based services 基于位置的服务logarithm对数logical network逻辑网络loop traverse闭合导线loxodrome恒向线magnetic bearing磁方位magnetometer磁力计majority resampling 多数重新采样map algebra地图代数map collar地图边缘map display地图显示map document地图文档map element地图元素map extent地图范围map feature 地图要素map generalization 地图概化,地图综合map projection地图投影map query地图查询map readingmap scale地图比例尺map series地图系列map service地图服务map sheet地图map style地图风格map unit地图单位mapping 制图mask掩模mass point散点mathematical operator 数学运算符matrix矩阵mean center平均中心mean sea level平均海平面mean stationarity平均稳态Measure 测量measure valuemeasurement residual测量残差median中间数median center平均中心mental map意境图meridian子午线metadata 元数据metropolitan statistical area 大都市统计区microdensitometer测微密度计micrometer1.测微计;2.微米minimum bounding rectangle 最小边界矩形minimum map unit最小地图单位minor axis短轴misclosure闭合差Mitigation 减轻mobile clients 移动客户端Mobile GIS移动GISmodel模型monument标石morphology形态学mosaic镶嵌图mud pit 泥浆池multichannel receiver多频道接收器multidimensional data多维数据multipart feature多部分要素multipatch feature带纹理要素multiplexing channel receiver多路复用频道接收器multipoint feature多点要素multispectral scanner多光谱扫描仪multivariate analysis多元分析My Places 我的位置National Spatial Data Infrastructure美国国家空间数据基础设施natural breaks classification??自然分类??navigation导航NavstarNavstar (美国国防部全球定位系统联合服务项目)neighborhood statistics邻域统计networked 联网node节点noncoterminous polygon 非相连多边形nonversioned 非版本normal distribution 正态分布normal probability distribution正态概率分布northing北距oblate ellipsoid扁椭球体oblate spheroid扁椭球面offset 偏移oill spill 溢油(原文oill 应为Oil)Online GIS 在线GISOpen Geodata Interoperability Specification开放地理空间数据互操作规范Open Geospatial Consortium开放地理空间协会open traverse不闭合导线OpenGIS ConsortiumOpenGIS 协会OpenLSOpenLS (OpenGIS所包含的Open Location Service) operand运算数operator运算符optical center光学中心ordinal data序数数据ordinary kriging普通克里金法ordinate纵坐标Ordnance Survey英国陆地测量局orientation方向origin point 原点orthogonal offset正交偏移orthographic正交orthomorphic正形orthophoto 正射影像orthophotograph正射影像orthophotoquad无等高线正射影像orthophotoscope正射投影仪orthorectification 正射校正outlier 异常值outline vectorization轮廓矢量化output data 输出数据overlay重叠overprinting套印overview map总览图pan平移panchromatic sharpening 全色锐化parallax bar视差尺parameter参数parametric curve参数曲线passive remote sensing被动遥感passive sensors被动传感器path路径pathfinding路径搜寻peak山峰percent slope斜率perigee近地点persistence持久性photogeology摄影地质学photogrammetry摄影测量学photomap摄影地图photometer光度计physical geography自然地理学pit洼地,山谷placement 放置planar coordinate system 平面坐标系planar enforcement平面强化planarize平面化plane平面planimetric map平面图planimetric shift平面位移platform平台plot 绘图plotter绘图仪plumb line铅垂线。
ArcGIS中英文对照表
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Arc GIS 9 Arc Toolb ox 中英文对照表3D A nalys t Too ls 三维分析工具Conve rsionTIN三角计算TIN域值TI N 多边形标志TI N 节点TIN 边TIN到栅格栅格转 TI N转换Fun ction al Su rface表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raste r Int erpol ation栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Ras ter M ath 乘减加取整浮点除Raste r Rec lass切片查找用 AS CII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Raste r Sur face坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率栅格计算栅格重分类栅格表面等高线等高线列表观察点视域TINCreat ion 创建TIN编辑 TINTINSurfa ce TIN坡度TI N 方位TIN 等高线多边形插值成多个面Analy sis T ool:Extra ct ClipSe lectSplitTabl e Sel ectO verla y EraseIden tityInt ersec tT IN 创建T IN 表面分析工具提取剪切选择拆分表选择叠加分析擦除查看相交Sym metri cal D iffer ence对称差Uni onUp dateProxi mityBuff erMu ltipl e Rin g Buf ferN ear Poin t Dis tanceStat istic sFr equen cy Summa ry St atist ics 联合更新邻域分析缓冲区多环缓冲区临近点距离统计表频度总结统计Carto graph y Too l: Mask ing T oolsCul-De-S ac Ma sks绘图工具掩模工具Cul-De-S ac 掩模Fea tureOutli ne Ma sks要素轮廓线掩模I nters ectin g Lay ers M asks相交图层掩模Conve rsion Tool: FromRaste r Raste r toASCII转换工具从删格到...删格到 ASCI IRas ter t o Flo atRa sterto Po intR aster to P olygo nR aster to P olyli ne To CA DAd d CAD Fiel dsC reate CADXDataExpo rt to CADSet CADAliasTo Cove rage删格到浮点删格到点删格到面删格到线到CAD 添加 CA D 字段创建C AD 扩展实体数据导出到C AD设置 CAD别名到 Cove rageFea tureClass To C overa ge 要素类到 Co verag e To dBAS E 到 dB ASE Tabl e todBASE [mul tiple] 表到dBASETo G eodat abaSEFeat ure C lassTo Fe ature Clas s要素类到要素类Featu re Cl ass t o Geo datab ase [mult iple]要素类到 Geod ataba se I mport CADAnnot ationImpo rt Co verag e Ann otati onIm portfromCADR aster To G eodat abase[mult iple]Ta ble t o Geo datab ase[m ultip le]T ableTo Ta ble To Ra ster到栅格ASCII to R aster ASCI I 到栅格DEMto Ra sterDEM到栅格Featu re to Rast er 要素到栅格Floa t toRaste r 浮点到栅格导入 CAD注记导入 Co verag e 注记从 CAD导入栅格到G eodat abase表到G eodat abase表到表Rast er To Othe r For mat 栅格到其他格式To Sh apefi le 到S hapef ile Feat ure C lassTo Sh apefi le 要素类到S hapef ileCove rageTool:Cove rage工具Analy sis Ext ractClipSel ectS plitOverl ayEr ase分析提取剪切选择拆分叠加擦除Iden tityInt ersec tU nionUpdat ePro ximit y判别相交联合更新邻近Buffe rNea rP ointDista nceP ointNodeThies sen Conv ersio n 转换From Cove rageExp ort T o DLG缓冲近邻点距离点到结点泰森近似多边形从 Cove rage到 DLGExp ort T o Int ercha nge F ile 到 Inte rchan ge 文件Exp ort T o S57Ex portTo SE TSEx portTo VP FU ngene rateTo Co verag e到S57到 SETS到 VP F取消生成到C overa geA dvanc ed Ti ger C onver sion高级 Ti ger 转换Bas ic Ti ger C onver sion基本Tiger转换Gener ate Impo rt Fr om DL G生成从D LG 导入Imp ort F rom I nterc hange File从 In terch ange文件导入Impo rt Fr om S57Imp ort F rom S ETSI mortFromVPF DataManag ementAgg regat eA ppend从S57 导入从 SE TS 导入从 VP F 导入数据管理集合追加Compo siteFeatu res 要素合成Li ne Co verag e ToRegio n 线 Cove rage到区域L ine C overa ge To Rout e 线 Cove rage到路径P olygo n Cov erage To R egion多边形Cover age 到区域Re gionTo Po lygon Cove rage区域到多边形 Cov erage Gen erali zatio n一般Agg regat e Pol ygons聚集多边形Coll apseDualLines To C enter line分解双线到中心线Disso lve Elim inateFi nd Co nflic tsSi mplif y Bui lding融合消除查找冲突简化建筑物S impli fy Li ne Or Poly gon 简化线或多边形In dexesDrop Inde xInd ex It emIt emsA dd It em DropItem索引项删除索引索引项添加项删除项Joi nsJo in In fo Ta blesProje ction s连接投影连接I nfo 表Def ine P rojec tionPro jectTrans formTab les 表Add XY C oordi nates Re numbe r Nod esUp dateIDsT olera nces容差To leran ce Topol ogy 拓扑BuildClea nCre ate L abelsVP F Til e Top ology定义投影投影变换添加 XY坐标重新计数节点更新 ID容差构建C lean创建标注VPF 图块拓扑Works paceManag ement工作空间管理C reate Cove rageDat a Man ageme nt To ols 数据管理工具Da tabas e 数据库C ompac tCom pressDi sconn ected Edit ing 分离编辑Check In Chec k InFromDeltaChec k OutEx portTo De ltaD omain s 值域A dd Co ded V alueTo Do mainAssig n Dom ain T o Fie ld Creat e Dom ain 创建Cover age紧凑压缩检入从增量中检入检出导出增量添加编码值到值域赋值值域到字段创建值域D elete Code d Val ue Fr om Do main从值域中删除编码值Dele te Do mainDom ain T o Tab leRe moveDomai n Fro m Fie ldSe t Val ue Fo r Ran ge Do mainTable To D omainFeat ure c lass要素类删除值域值域到表从字段删除值域为范围值域设置值表到值域Appen d Ann otati on Fe ature Clas ses 追加注记要素类Cal culat e Def aultClust er To leran ce 计算缺省容限值Calc ulate Defa ult S patia l Gri d Ind ex 计算缺省空间格网索引Integ rate整合Upd ate A nnota tionFeatu re Cl ass 更新标记要素类创建要素类Feat ures要素创建要素类Add XY C oordi natesCh eck G eomet ryC opy F eatur es Delet e Fea tures添加XY 坐标检查几何形状复制要素删除要素F eatur e Env elope to P olygo n 要素封装到多边形F eatur e ToLineFeatu re To Poin tFea tureTo Po lygonFe ature Vert icesTo Po intsMulti partTo Si nglep art Poly gon T o Lin eRep air G eomet rySp lit L ine A t Ver ticesFi elds字段Add F ieldAss ign D efaul t ToFieldCa lcula te Fi eldD elete Fiel dGen eral一般Cop yD eleteRena meSe lectData追加Gener aliza tion一般Di ssolv eE limin ate Simp lifyLineSmo oth L ineI ndexe s 索引A dd At tribu te In dexA dd Sp atial Inde xR emove Attr ibute Inde x R emove Spat ial I ndexJoins连接AddJoinRem ove J oin要素到线要素到点要素到多边形要素定点到点多部分到单部分多边形到线修改集合形状在定点拆分线添加字段设置缺省到字段计算字段删除字段复制删除重命名选择数据追加融合消除简化线平滑线添加属性索引添加空间索引删除属性索引删除空间索引添加连接删除连接Laye rs an d Tab le Vi ews 图层和表的查看MakeQuery Tabl eMak e Ras ter C atalo g Lay erMa ke Ra sterLayer制作查询表制作栅格目录图层制作栅格图层Make XY E ventLayerSave To L ayerFileSel ect L ayerBy At tribu teSe lectLayer By L ocati on制作表视图制作要素图层制作 XY事件图层保存成图层文件通过属性选择通过位置选择制作表视图制作要素图层Pro jecti ons a nd Tr ansfo rmati 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sterToler anceValid ate T opolo gy Versi ons 版本Alter Vers ion Crea te Ve rsionDel ete V ersio nPo st Ve rsionReco ncile Vers ion Regi sterAs Ve rsion edUn regis ter A s Ver sione dW orksp ace 工作空间Creat e Arc InfoWorks paceCreat e Fea tureDatas et Creat e Fol der Crea te Pe rsona l GDB从拓扑中删除规则设置簇容限值教验拓扑改变版本创建版本删除版本提交版本协调版本注册版本取消注册创建ArcIn fo 工作空间创建要素数据集创建文件夹创建个人 Geo datab aseGeoco dingToolsAut omate Geoc oding Inde xesC reate Addr ess L ocato r地理编码工具自动生成地理编码索引创建地址定位器De autom ate G eocod ing I ndexe sDel ete A ddres s Loc atorGeo codeAddre ssesReb uildGeoco dingIndex esSt andar dizeAddre sses取消自动生成地理编码索引删除地址定位器地理编码地址重建地理编码索引标准化地址Geo stati stica l Ana lystTools地理统计分析工具Geos tatis tical Laye r ToGrid导出地理统计图层到GridLi nearRefer encin g Too lsC alibr ate R outesCrea te Ro utesDis solve Rout e Eve nts线性参考工具校准路径创建路径融合路径事件Loc ate F eatur es Al ong R outes沿路径定位要素MakeRoute Even t Lay er Overl ay Ro ute E ventsTran sform Rout e Eve nts Sp atial Anal yst T oolsCo nditi onal条件拾取条件设空Densi ty 密度核密度点密度线密度Dist ance距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联E xtrac tion提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样G enera lizat ion 一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理制作路径事件图层叠加路径事件转换路径事件空间分析工具Grou ndwat er 粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层H ydrol ogy 下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Inte rpola tion克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Loca l像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率Ma p Alg ebra单输出地图代数多输出地图代数M ath Bitw ise位与位右移位否位异或地下水水文添补本地地图代数数学计算为运算左位移按位或Lo gical不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或Trigo nomet ric ATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10 的对数10 的指数2的对数2的指数上取整下取整乘减加否平方逻辑运算三角函数平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数Mul tivar iateIs oclus ter主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neigh borho od 块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overl ay 加权叠加Rast er Cr eatio n创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格R eclas s 切片查找用 AS CII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surfa ce 坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表多元多变量邻域叠加栅格创建重分类表面观察点视域Zo nal 区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表Spat ial S tatis ticsTools Ana lyzin g Pat terns区域空间统计工具分析模型Aver age N eares t Nei ghbor平均邻近邻居High/Low C luste ring[Getis-OrdGener al G]高/低聚类Spat ial A utoco rrela tion[Mora ns I]空间自相关Ma pping Clus ters绘制群体Clust er an d Out lierAnaly sis 群体和群外要素分析Cl uster/Outl ier A nalys is wi th Re nderi ng 带渲染群体和群外要素分析HotSpotAnaly sis [Geti s-Ord Gi*]热点分析HotSpotAnaly sis w ith R ender ing 带渲染热点分析M easur ing G eogra phicDistr ibuti ons 测量地理分布C entra l Fea tureDirec tiona l Dis tribu tionLinea r Dir ectio nal M ean Mean Cent erSt andar d Dis tanceUt iliti es 实用工具Calcu lateAreasColl ect E ventsCol lectEvent s wit h Ren derin gCou nt Re nderi ng中心要素定向分布平均线方向平均中心标准间隔距离计算面积收集事件带渲染收集事件计算渲染Ex portFeatu re At tribu te to Asci i 导出要素表到A scii文本ZScore Rend erine湖南师范大学资源环境科学学院G IS 研究中心周亮二 00四年十一月二十四日。
ArcGIS英汉对照
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ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox中英文对照表分析( analysis)注记( annotation)注记要素类( annotation feature class)注记对象( annotation target)属性( attribute)障碍( barrier)绘图( cartography)数据框( data frame)字段( field )障碍( barrier)数据库( database)数据集( dataset)范围( extent)组合要素( multipart feature)图形比例尺( scalebar)空间分析( spatial analysis)符号( symbol)3D Analyst Tools三维分析工具转换ConversionTIN三角计算TIN域值TIN多边形标志TIN节点TIN边TIN到栅格栅格转TINFunctional Surface表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raster Interpolation栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math栅格计算乘减加取整浮点除Raster Reclass栅格重分类切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类栅格表面Raster Surface坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域TIN Creation创建 TIN编辑 TINTIN SurfaceTIN坡度TIN方位TIN等高线多边形插值成多个面TIN 创建TIN 表面Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split 拆分Table Select 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multiple Ring 多环缓冲区Buffer 临近Near 点距离Point Distance 统计表Statistics 频度Frequency 总结统计SummaryStatisticsCartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Cul-De-Sac 掩模MasksFeature Outline Masks要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks相交图层掩模Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到 ...Raster to ASCII 删格到 ASCIIRaster to FloatRaster to PointRaster to PolygonRaster to Polyline To CADAdd CAD FieldsCreate CAD XDataExport to CAD SetCAD AliasTo Coverage删格到浮点删格到点删格到面删格到线到 CAD添加 CAD 字段创建 CAD 扩展实体数据导出到CAD设置 CAD 别名到 CoverageFeature Class To Coverage要素类到CoverageTo dBASE到dBASETable to dBASE [multiple]表到dBASETo GeodatabaSE要素类到要素类Feature Class To Feature ClassFeature Class to Geodatabase [multiple]要素类到GeodatabaseImport CAD Annotation 导入 CAD 注记Import Coverage Annotation 导入 Coverage 注记Import from CAD 从 CAD 导入Raster To Geodatabase[multiple]栅格到GeodatabaseTable to Geodatabase[multiple] 表到 GeodatabaseTable To Table 表到表To Raster 到栅格ASCII to Raster ASCII 到栅格DEM to Raster DEM 到栅格Feature to Raster 要素到栅格Float to Raster 浮点到栅格Raster To Other Format 栅格到其他格式To Shapefile 到 ShapefileFeature Class To Shapefile 要素类到 ShapefileCoverage Tool: Coverage 工具Analysis 分析Extract 提取Clip 剪切Select 选择Split 拆分Overlay 叠加Erase 擦除Identity 判别Intersect 相交Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻近Buffer 缓冲Near 近邻Point Distance 点距离Point Node 点到结点Thiessen 泰森近似多边形Conversion 转换从 CoverageFrom Coverage 到 DLGExport To S57 到 S57Export To SETS 到 SETSExport To VPF 到 VPFUngenerate 取消生成To Coverage 到 CoverageAdvanced Tiger Conversion 高级 Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion 基本 Tiger 转换Generate 生成Import From DLG 从 DLG 导入Import From Interchange File 从 Interchange 文件导入Import From S57 从 S57 导入Import From 从 SETS 导入SETS 从 VPF 导入Imort From VPF 数据管理Data Management 集合Aggregate 追加AppendComposite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线 Coverage 到区域Line Coverage To Route 线 Coverage 到路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形 Coverage 到区域Region To Polygon Coverage 区域到多边形 Coverage Generalization 一般Aggregate Polygons 聚集多边形Collapse Dual Lines To Centerline分解双线到中心线Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Find Conflicts 查找冲突Simplify Building 简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形Indexes 索引Drop Index 删除索引Index Item 索引项Items 项Add Item 添加项Drop Item 删除项Joins 连接Join Info Tables 连接 Info 表Projections 投影Define Projection 定义投影Project 投影Transform 变换Tables 表Add XY Coordinates 添加 XY 坐标Renumber Nodes 重新计数节点Update IDs 更新 IDTolerances 容差Tolerance 容差Topology 拓扑Build 构建Clean CleanCreate Labels 创建标注VPF Tile Topology VPF 图块拓扑Workspace Management工作空间管理Create Coverage 创建 CoverageData Management Tools 数据管理工具Database 数据库紧凑Compact 压缩CompressDisconnected Editing 分离编检入辑从增量中检入Check In 检出Check In From Delta 导出增量Check OutExport To Delta添加编码值到值域Domains 值域赋值值域到字段Add Coded Value To Domain 创建值域Assign Domain To FieldCreate DomainDelete Coded Value From Domain 从值域中删除编码值Delete Domain 删除值域Domain To Table 值域到表Remove Domain From Field 从字段删除值域Set Value For Range Domain 为范围值域设置值Table To Domain 表到值域Feature class 要素类Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Calculate Default Cluster Tolerance 计算缺省容限值Calculate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate 整合Update Annotation Feature Class更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Features 要素Add XY Coordinates 添加 XY 坐标Check Geometry 检查几何形状Copy Features 复制要素Delete Features 删除要素Feature Envelope to Polygon 要素封装到多边形Feature To Line 要素到线Feature To Point 要素到点Feature To Polygon 要素到多边形Feature Vertices To Points 要素定点到点Multipart To Singlepart 多部分到单部分Polygon To Line 多边形到线Repair Geometry 修改集合形状Split Line At Vertices 在定点拆分线Fields 字段Add Field 添加字段Assign Default To Field 设置缺省到字段Calculate Field 计算字段Delete Field 删除字段General 一般Copy 复制Delete 删除Rename 重命名Select Data 选择数据追加追加Generalization 一般Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Simplify Line 简化线Smooth Line 平滑线Indexes 索引Add Attribute Index 添加属性索引Add Spatial Index 添加空间索引Remove Attribute Index 删除属性索引Remove Spatial Index 删除空间索引Joins 连接Add Join 添加连接Remove Join 删除连接Layers and Table Views 图层和表的查看Make Query Table 制作查询表Make Raster Catalog Layer 制作栅格目录图层Make Raster Layer 制作栅格图层Make XY Event LayerSave To Layer FileSelect Layer By AttributeSelect Layer By Location制作表视图制作要素图层Projections and Transformations FeatureBatch ProjectProject创建空间参考RasterFlipMirrorProject RasterRescaleRotateShiftWarDefine ProjectionRaster栅格Batch BuildPyramidsBatch CalculateStatistics Build PyramidsCalculate StatisticsClipComposite BandsCopy RasterCopy Raster Catalog ItemsCreate Raster CatalogDelete Raster CatalogItems Mosaic To NewRasterResample创建栅格数据集镶嵌关系类Relationship ClassesCreate Relationship ClassTable To Relationship Class Subtypes子类型Add SubtypeRemove SubtypeSet Default SubtypeSet Subtype FieldTable表制作 XY 事件图层保存成图层文件通过属性选择通过位置选择制作表视图制作要素图层投影和转换要素批量投影投影创建空间参考栅格翻转镜像投影栅格重建比例旋转偏移翘曲定义投影批量建立金字塔批量计算统计表建立金字塔计算统计表剪切组合波段复制栅格复制栅格目录项创建栅格目录删除栅格目录项镶嵌到新的栅格重采样创建栅格数据集镶嵌创建关系类表到关系类添加子类型删除子类型设置缺省子类型设置子类型字段Analyze 分析Change Privileges 改变权限Copy Rows 复制行Delete Rows 删除行Get Count 获得数目Pivot Table 关联表创建表创建表Topology 拓扑Add Feature Class To Topology添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rule To Topology 添加规则到拓扑Create Topology 创建拓扑Remove Feature Class From Topology从拓扑删除要素类Remove Rule From Topology 从拓扑中删除规则Set Cluster Tolerance 设置簇容限值Validate Topology 教验拓扑Versions 版本Alter Version 改变版本Create Version 创建版本Delete Version 删除版本Post Version 提交版本Reconcile Version 协调版本Register As Versioned 注册版本Unregister As Versioned 取消注册Workspace 工作空间Create ArcInfo Workspace 创建 ArcInfo 工作空间Create Feature Dataset 创建要素数据集Create Folder 创建文件夹Create Personal GDB 创建个人 Geodatabase Geocoding Tools 地理编码工具Automate Geocoding 自动生成地理编码索引Indexes 创建地址定位器Create Address LocatorDeautomate Geocoding Indexes 取消自动生成地理编码索引Delete Address Locator删除地址定位器Geocode Addresses地理编码地址Rebuild Geocoding Indexes重建地理编码索引Standardize Addresses标准化地址Geostatistical Analyst Tools地理统计分析工具Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到 GridLinear Referencing Tools Calibrate RoutesCreate RoutesDissolve Route Events 线性参考工具校准路径创建路径融合路径事件Locate Features Along Routes沿路径定位要素Make Route Event Layer 边界清理 Overlay Route EventsTransform Route EventsSpatial Analyst ToolsConditional条件拾取条件设空Density密度核密度点密度线密度Distance距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraction提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀制作路径事件图层空间分析工具叠加路径事件转换路径事件Groundwater地下水粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层Hydrology水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation添补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数本地Local像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率地图代数Map Algebra单输出地图代数多输出地图代数数学计算Math为运算Bitwise位与位右移位否位异或左位移按位或Logical不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或TrigonometricATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10的对数10的指数2的对数2的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方逻辑运算三角函数平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除MultivariateIsocluster主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay加权叠加Raster Creation 多元多变量邻域叠加栅格创建创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass重分类切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类表面Surface坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Zonal 区区域几何域区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表Spatial Statistics Tools 空间统计工具Analyzing Patterns 分析模型Average Nearest Neighbor 平均邻近邻居High/Low Clustering[Getis-Ord General G] 高/低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Morans I] 空间自相关Mapping Clusters 绘制群体Cluster and Outlier Analysis 群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*]热点分析Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Central Feature 中心要素Directional Distribution 定向分布Linear Directional Mean 平均线方向Mean Center 平均中心Standard Distance 标准间隔距离Utilities 实用工具Calculate Areas 计算面积Collect Events 收集事件Collect Events with Rendering 带渲染收集事件Count Rendering 计算渲染Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到 Ascii 文本Z Score Renderine湖南师范大学资源环境科学学院GIS 研究中心周亮二 00 四年十一月二十四日。
ARCGIS工具中英对照总结范文
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ARCGIS工具中英对照总结范文AnalyiTool:分析工具E某tract提取Clip剪切Select选择Split拆分TableSelect表选择Overlay叠加分析Erae擦除Identity查看Interect相交SymmetricalDifference对称差Union联合Update更新Pro某imity邻域分析Buffer缓冲区MultipleRingBuffer多环缓冲区Near临近PointDitance点距离Statitic统计表Frequency频度SummaryStatitic 总结统计CartographyTool:绘图工具MakingTool掩模工具Cul-De-SacMakCul-De-Sac掩模FeatureOutlineMak要素轮廓线掩模InterectingLayerMak相交图层掩模ConverionTool:转换工具FromRater从删格到...RatertoASCII删格到ASCIIRatertoFloat删格到浮点RatertoPoint删格到点RatertoPolygon删格到面RatertoPolyline删格到线ArcGIS9ArcToolbo某中英文对照表①3DAnalytTool三维分析工具Converion转换TIN三角计算TIN域值TIN多边形标志TIN节点TIN 边TIN到栅格栅格转TINFunctionalSurface表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线RaterInterpolation栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数RaterMath栅格计算乘减加取整浮点除RaterRecla栅格重分类切片查找用ASCII文件重分类用表重分类重分类RaterSurface栅格表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Terrain地形地势地带领域TINCreationTIN创建创建TIN编辑TIN TINSurfaceTIN表面TIN坡度TIN方位TIN等高线多边形插值成多个面②AnalyiTool:分析工具E某tract提取Clip剪切Select选择Split拆分TableSelect表选择Overlay叠加分析Erae擦除Identity查看Interect相交SymmetricalDifference对称差Union联合Update更新Pro某imity邻域分析Buffer缓冲区MultipleRingBuffer多环缓冲区Near临近PointDitance点距离Statitic统计表Frequency频度SummaryStatitic总结统计③CartographyTool:绘图工具MakingTool掩模工具Cul-De-SacMakCul-De-Sac掩模FeatureOutlineMak要素轮廓线掩模InterectingLayerMak相交图层掩模④ConverionTool:转换工具FromRater从删格到...RatertoASCII删格到ASCIIRatertoFloat删格到浮点RatertoPoint删格到点RatertoPolygon删格到面RatertoPolyline删格到线ToCAD到CADAddCADField添加CAD字段CreateCAD某Data创建CAD扩展实体数据E某porttoCAD导出到CADSetCADAlia设置CAD别名ToCoverage到CoverageFeatureClaToCoverage要素类到CoverageTodBASE到dBASETabletodBASE[multiple]表到dBASEToGeodatabaeFeatureClaToFeatureCla要素类到要素类FeatureClatoGeodatabae[multiple]要素类到GeodatabaeImportCADAnnotation导入CAD注记ImportCoverageAnnotation导入Coverage注记ImportfromCAD从CAD导入RaterToGeodatabae[multiple]栅格到GeodatabaeTabletoGeodatabae[multiple]表到GeodatabaeTableToTable 表到表ToRater到栅格ASCIItoRaterASCII到栅格DEMtoRaterDEM到栅格FeaturetoRater要素到栅格FloattoRater浮点到栅格RaterToOtherFormat栅格到其他格式ToShapefile到ShapefileFeatureClaToShapefile要素类到Shapefile⑤DataInteroperabilityTool数据互转工具⑥DataManagement Tool 数据管理工具CheckInFromDelta从增量中检入CheckOut检出E某portToDelta导出增量Domain值域AddCodedValueToDomain添加编码值到值域AignDomainToField赋值值域到字段CreateDomain创建值域DeleteCodedValueFromDomain从值域中删除编码值DeleteDomain删除值域DomainToTable值域到表RemoveDomainFromField从字段删除值域SetValueForRangeDomain 为范围值域设置值TableToDomain表到值域Featurecla要素类AppendAnnotationFeatureClae追加注记要素类CalculateDefaultCluterTolerance计算缺省容限值CalculateDefaultSpatialGridInde某计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate 整合UpdateAnnotationFeatureCla更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Feature要素Add某YCoordinate添加某Y坐标CheckGeometry检查几何形状CopyFeature复制要素DeleteFeature删除要素FeatureEnvelopetoPolygon要素封装到多边形FeatureToLine要素到线FeatureToPoint要素到点FeatureToPolygon要素到多边形FeatureVerticeToPoint要素定点到点MultipartToSinglepart多部分到单部分PolygonToLine多边形到线RepairGeometry修改集合形状SplitLineAtVertice在定点拆分线Field字段AddField添加字段AignDefaultToField设置缺省到字段CalculateField计算字段DeleteField删除字段General一般Copy复制Delete删除Rename重命名SelectData选择数据追加追加Generalization一般AggregatePolygon聚集多边形CollapeDualLineToCenterline分解双线到中心线Diolve融合Eliminate消除SmoothLine平滑线SimplifyBuilding简化建筑物SimplifyLineOrPolygon简化线或多边形Inde某e索引AddAttributeInde某添加属性索引AddSpatialInde某添加空间索引RemoveAttributeInde某删除属性索引RemoveSpatialInde某删除空间索引FindConflict查找冲突DropInde某删除索引Inde某Item索引项AddItem添加项DropItem删除项Join连接JoinInfoTable连接Info表Projection投影DefineProjection定义投影Project投影Tranform变换RenumberNode重新计数节点UpdateID更新IDTolerance容差Tolerance容差Topology拓扑Build构建CleanCleanCreateLabel创建标注VPFTileTopologyVPF图块拓扑WorkpaceManagement工作空间管理CreateCoverage创建Coverage Join连接AddJoin添加连接RemoveJoin删除连接LayerandTableView图层和表的查看MakeQueryTable制作查询表MakeRaterCatalogLayer制作栅格目录图层MakeRaterLayer制作栅格图层Make某YEventLayer制作某Y事件图层SaveToLayerFile保存成图层文件SelectLayerByAttribute通过属性选择SelectLayerByLocation通过位置选择制作表视图制作表视图制作要素图层制作要素图层ProjectionandTranformation投影和转换Feature要素BatchProject批量投影Project投影创建空间参考创建空间参考Rater栅格Flip翻转Mirror镜像ProjectRater投影栅格Recale重建比例Rotate旋转Shift偏移War翘曲DefineProjection定义投影Rater栅格BatchBuildPyramid批量建立金字塔BatchCalculateStatitic批量计算统计表BuildPyramid建立金字塔CalculateStatitic计算统计表Clip剪切CopyRaterCatalogItem复制栅格目录项CreateRaterCatalog创建栅格目录DeleteRaterCatalogItem删除栅格目录项MoaicToNewRater镶嵌到新的栅格Reample重采样创建栅格数据集创建栅格数据集镶嵌镶嵌RelationhipClae关系类CreateRelationhipCla创建关系类TableToRelationhipCla表到关系类Subtype子类型AddSubtype添加子类型RemoveSubtype删除子类型SetDefaultSubtype设置缺省子类型SetSubtypeField设置子类型字段Table表Analyze分析ChangePrivilege改变权限CopyRow复制行DeleteRow删除行GetCount获得数目PivotTable关联表创建表创建表Topology拓扑AddFeatureClaToTopology添加要素类型到拓扑AddRuleToTopology 添加规则到拓扑CreateTopology创建拓扑RemoveFeatureClaFromTopology从拓扑删除要素类RemoveRuleFromTopology从拓扑中删除规则SetCluterTolerance设置簇容限值ValidateTopology教验拓扑Verion版本AlterVerion改变版本CreateVerion创建版本DeleteVerion删除版本PotVerion提交版本ReconcileVerion协调版本RegiterAVerioned注册版本UnregiterAVerioned取消注册Workpace工作空间CreateArcInfoWorkpace创建ArcInfo工作空间CreateFeatureDataet创建要素数据集CreateFolder创建文件夹CreatePeronalGDB创建个人GeodatabaeGeocodingTool地理编码工具AutomateGeocodingInde某e自动生成地理编码索引CreateAddreLocator创建地址定位器DeautomateGeocodingInde某e取消自动生成地理编码索引DeleteAddreLocator删除地址定位器GeocodeAddree地理编码地址RebuildGeocodingInde某e重建地理编码索引StandardizeAddree标准化地址⑦GeocodingTool地理编码工具⑧GeotatiticalAnalytTool地理统计分析工具GeotatiticalLayerToGrid导出地理统计图层到Grid⑨LinearReferencingTool线性参考工具CalibrateRoute校准路径CreateRoute创建路径DiolveRouteEvent融合路径事件LocateFeatureAlongRoute沿路径定位要素MakeRouteEventLayer制作路径事件图层OverlayRouteEvent叠加路径事件TranformRouteEvent转换路径事件⑩SpatialAnalytTool空间分析工具Conditional条件拾取条件设空Denity密度核密度点密度线密度Ditance距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联E某traction提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理Groundwater地下水粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层Hydrology水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation添补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Local本地像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率MapAlgebra地图代数单输出地图代数多输出地图代数Math数学计算Bitwie为运算位与位右移位否位异或左位移按位或Logical不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或TrigonometricATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10的对数逻辑运算三角函数10的指数2的对数2的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate多元多变量Iocluter主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood邻域块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay叠加加权叠加RaterCreation栅格创建创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Recla重分类切片查找用ASCII文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Zonal区域区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表11SpatialStatiticTool空间统计工具○AnalyzingPattern分析模型AverageNearetNeighbor平均邻近邻居High/LowClutering[Geti-OrdGeneralG]高/低聚类SpatialAutocorrelation[MoranI]空间自相关MappingCluter绘制群体CluterandOutlierAnalyi群体和群外要素分析Cluter/OutlierAnalyiwithRendering带渲染群体和群外要素分析HotSpotAnalyi[Geti-OrdGi某]热点分析HotSpotAnalyiwithRendering 带渲染热点分析MeauringGeographicDitribution测量地理分布CentralFeature中心要素DirectionalDitribution定向分布LinearDirectionalMean平均线方向MeanCenter平均中心StandardDitance标准间隔距离Utilitie实用工具CalculateArea计算面积CollectEvent收集事件CollectEventwithRendering带渲染收集事件CountRendering计算渲染E某portFeatureAttributetoAcii导出要素表到Acii文本ZScoreRenderineCoverageTool:Coverage覆盖、覆盖范围工具PointDitance点距离PointNode点到结点Thieen泰森近似多边形Converion转换FromCoverage从CoverageE某portToDLG到DLGE某portToInterchangeFile到Interchange文件E某portToS57到S57E某portToSETS到SETSE某portToVPF到VPFUngenerate取消生成ToCoverage到CoverageAdvancedTigerConverion高级Tiger转换BaicTigerConverion基本Tiger转换Generate生成ImportFromDLG从DLG导入ImportFromInterchangeFile从Interchange文件导入ImportFromS57从S57导入ImportFromSETS从SETS导入ImortFromVPF 从VPF导入DataManagement数据管理Aggregate集合Append追加LineCoverageToRegion线Coverage到区域LineCoverageToRoute线Coverage到路径PolygonCoverageToRegion多边形Coverage到区域RegionToPolygonCoverage区域到多边形Coverage。
ArcGIS中英文对照表
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ArcGIS中英文对照表ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox 中英文对照表3D Analyst Tools 三维分析工具ConversionTIN 三角计算TIN 域值TIN 多边形标志TIN 节点TIN 边TIN 到栅格栅格转 TIN转换Functional Surface 表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raster Interpolation 栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math乘减加取整浮点除Raster Reclass切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Raster Surface坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率栅格计算栅格重分类栅格表面等高线等高线列表观察点视域TIN Creation 创建 TIN编辑 TINTIN Surface TIN 坡度TIN 方位TIN 等高线多边形插值成多个面Analysis Tool: ExtractClipSelectTable Select Overlay Erase Identity IntersectTIN 创建TIN 表面分析工具提取剪切拆分表选择叠加分析擦除查看相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差UnionUpdateProximityBufferMultiple Ring BufferNearPoint DistanceStatisticsFrequencySummary Statistics联合更新邻域分析缓冲区多环缓冲区临近点距离统计表频度总结统计Cartography Tool:Masking ToolsCul-De-Sac Masks绘图工具掩模工具Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模Conversion Tool:From RasterRaster to ASCII转换工具从删格到...删格到 ASCIIRaster to FloatRaster to PointRaster to PolygonRaster to PolylineTo CADAdd CAD FieldsCreate CAD XDataExport to CADSet CAD AliasTo Coverage删格到浮点删格到点删格到面删格到线到 CAD添加 CAD 字段创建 CAD 扩展实体数据导出到 CAD设置 CAD 别名到 CoverageFeature Class To Coverage 要素类到 CoverageTo dBASE到 dBASETable to dBASE [multiple] 表到 dBASETo GeodatabaSEFeature Class To Feature Class要素类到要素类Feature Class to Geodatabase [multiple] 要素类到GeodatabaseImport CAD AnnotationImport Coverage AnnotationImport from CADRaster To Geodatabase[multiple]Table to Geodatabase[multiple]Table To TableTo Raster 到栅格ASCII to Raster ASCII 到栅格DEM to Raster DEM 到栅格Feature to Raster 要素到栅格Float to Raster 浮点到栅格导入 CAD 注记导入 Coverage 注记从 CAD 导入栅格到 Geodatabase表到 Geodatabase表到表Raster To Other Format 栅格到其他格式To Shapefile到 ShapefileFeature Class To Shapefile 要素类到 Shapefile Coverage Tool: Coverage 工具AnalysisExtractClipSelectSplitOverlayErase分析提取剪切选择拆分叠加擦除Identity Intersect UnionUpdate Proximity判别相交联合更新邻近BufferNearPoint Distance Point Node Thiessen Conversion 转换From Coverage Export To DLG缓冲近邻点距离点到结点泰森近似多边形从 Coverage到 DLGExport To Interchange File 到 Interchange 文件Export To S57Export To SETSExport To VPFUngenerateTo Coverage到 S57到 SETS到 VPF取消生成到 CoverageAdvanced Tiger Conversion 高级 Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion 基本 Tiger 转换GenerateImport From DLG生成从 DLG 导入Import From Interchange File 从 Interchange 文件导入Import From S57Import From SETSImort From VPFData ManagementAggregateAppend从 S57 导入从 SETS 导入从 VPF 导入数据管理集合追加Composite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线 Coverage 到区域Line Coverage To Route 线 Coverage 到路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形 Coverage 到区域Region To Polygon Coverage 区域到多边形 CoverageGeneralization一般Aggregate Polygons聚集多边形Collapse Dual Lines To Centerline 分解双线到中心线DissolveEliminateFind ConflictsSimplify Building融合消除查找冲突简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形IndexesDrop IndexIndex ItemItemsAdd ItemDrop Item索引项删除索引索引项添加项删除项JoinsJoin Info Tables Projections连接投影连接 Info 表Define Projection ProjectTransformTables 表Add XY Coordinates Renumber Nodes Update IDs Tolerances 容差Tolerance Topology 拓扑BuildCleanCreate LabelsVPF Tile Topology定义投影投影变换添加 XY 坐标重新计数节点更新 ID容差构建Clean创建标注VPF 图块拓扑Workspace Management 工作空间管理Create CoverageData Management Tools 数据管理工具Database 数据库CompactCompressDisconnected Editing 分离编辑Check InCheck In From DeltaCheck OutExport To DeltaDomains 值域Add Coded Value To DomainAssign Domain To FieldCreate Domain创建 Coverage紧凑压缩检入从增量中检入检出导出增量添加编码值到值域赋值值域到字段创建值域Delete Coded Value From Domain 从值域中删除编码值Delete DomainDomain To TableRemove Domain From FieldSet Value For Range DomainTable To DomainFeature class 要素类删除值域值域到表从字段删除值域为范围值域设置值表到值域Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Calculate Default Cluster Tolerance 计算缺省容限值Calculate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate整合Update Annotation Feature Class 更新标记要素类创建要素类Features要素创建要素类Add XY CoordinatesCheck GeometryCopy FeaturesDelete Features添加 XY 坐标检查几何形状复制要素删除要素Feature Envelope to Polygon 要素封装到多边形Feature To LineFeature To PointFeature To PolygonFeature Vertices To PointsMultipart To Singlepart Polygon To LineRepair GeometrySplit Line At Vertices Fields 字段Add FieldAssign Default To Field Calculate FieldDelete FieldGeneral 一般CopyDeleteRenameSelect Data追加Generalization 一般DissolveEliminateSimplify LineSmooth LineIndexes 索引Add Attribute IndexAdd Spatial Index Remove Attribute Index Remove Spatial Index Joins 连接Add JoinRemove Join要素到线要素到点要素到多边形要素定点到点多部分到单部分多边形到线修改集合形状在定点拆分线添加字段设置缺省到字段计算字段删除字段复制删除重命名选择数据追加融合消除简化线平滑线添加属性索引添加空间索引删除属性索引删除空间索引添加连接删除连接Layers and Table Views 图层和表的查看Make Query TableMake Raster Catalog LayerMake Raster Layer制作查询表制作栅格目录图层制作栅格图层Make XY Event LayerSave To Layer FileSelect Layer By AttributeSelect Layer By Location制作表视图制作要素图层制作 XY 事件图层保存成图层文件通过属性选择通过位置选择制作表视图制作要素图层Projections and Transformations 投影和转换FeatureBatch ProjectProject创建空间参考RasterFlipMirrorProject RasterRescaleRotateShiftWarDefine ProjectionRasterBatch Build Pyramids栅格要素批量投影投影创建空间参考栅格翻转镜像投影栅格重建比例旋转偏移翘曲定义投影批量建立金字塔Batch Calculate StatisticsBuild PyramidsCalculate StatisticsClipComposite BandsCopy RasterCopy Raster Catalog ItemsCreate Raster Catalog批量计算统计表建立金字塔计算统计表剪切组合波段复制栅格复制栅格目录项创建栅格目录Delete Raster Catalog Items 删除栅格目录项Mosaic To New RasterResample创建栅格数据集镶嵌Relationship Classes关系类镶嵌到新的栅格重采样创建栅格数据集镶嵌Create Relationship Class创建关系类Table To Relationship Class 表到关系类SubtypesAdd SubtypeRemove SubtypeSet Default SubtypeSet Subtype FieldTable子类型表添加子类型删除子类型设置缺省子类型设置子类型字段AnalyzeChange PrivilegesCopy RowsDelete RowsGet CountPivot Table创建表Topology 拓扑分析改变权限复制行删除行获得数目关联表创建表Add Feature Class To Topology 添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rule To TopologyCreate Topology添加规则到拓扑创建拓扑Remove Feature Class From Topology 从拓扑删除要素类Remove Rule From TopologySet Cluster ToleranceValidate TopologyVersions 版本Alter VersionCreate VersionDelete VersionPost VersionReconcile VersionRegister As VersionedUnregister As VersionedWorkspace 工作空间Create ArcInfo WorkspaceCreate Feature DatasetCreate FolderCreate Personal GDB从拓扑中删除规则设置簇容限值教验拓扑改变版本创建版本删除版本提交版本协调版本注册版本取消注册创建 ArcInfo 工作空间创建要素数据集创建文件夹创建个人 GeodatabaseGeocoding ToolsAutomate Geocoding Indexes Create Address Locator地理编码工具自动生成地理编码索引创建地址定位器Deautomate Geocoding Indexes Delete Address Locator Geocode AddressesRebuild Geocoding Indexes Standardize Addresses取消自动生成地理编码索引删除地址定位器地理编码地址重建地理编码索引标准化地址Geostatistical Analyst Tools 地理统计分析工具Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到 GridLinear Referencing ToolsCalibrate RoutesCreate RoutesDissolve Route Events线性参考工具校准路径创建路径融合路径事件Locate Features Along Routes 沿路径定位要素Make Route Event LayerOverlay Route EventsTransform Route EventsSpatial Analyst Tools Conditional 条件拾取条件设空Density 密度核密度点密度线密度Distance 距离代价分配代价回联代价距离代价路径欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraction 提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization 一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理制作路径事件图层叠加路径事件转换路径事件空间分析工具Groundwater粒子跟踪达西流达西速率透水层Hydrology下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation 克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Local像素统计分级合成大于频率小于频率普及度最低位置最高位置等于频率Map Algebra 单输出地图代数多输出地图代数MathBitwise位与位否位异或地下水水文本地地图代数数学计算为运算左位移按位或Logical不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑与逻辑否逻辑异或逻辑或Trigonometric ATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10 的对数10 的指数2 的对数2 的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整否平方逻辑运算三角函数平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate Isocluster创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay加权叠加Raster Creation 创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass切片查找用 ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface坡向坡度填/挖山影等高线等高线列表多元多变量邻域叠加栅格创建重分类表面观察点视域Zonal区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表Spatial Statistics Tools Analyzing Patterns区域空间统计工具分析模型Average Nearest Neighbor平均邻近邻居High/Low Clustering[Getis-Ord General G]高/低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Morans I] 空间自相关Mapping Clusters绘制群体Cluster and Outlier Analysis群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*] 热点分析Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Central FeatureDirectional DistributionLinear Directional MeanMean CenterStandard DistanceUtilities 实用工具Calculate AreasCollect EventsCollect Events with RenderingCount Rendering中心要素定向分布平均线方向平均中心标准间隔距离计算面积收集事件带渲染收集事件计算渲染Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到 Ascii 文本Z Score Renderine湖南师范大学资源环境科学学院GIS 研究中心周亮二 00 四年十一月二十四日。
ARCGIS工具中英对照总结
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Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Sel ect 选择Split 拆分Tabl e Sel ect 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multipl e Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distance 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到... Raster to ASCII 删格到ASCII Raster to Fl oat 删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline 删格到线ArcGIS 9 ArcToolbox 中英文对照表①3D Analyst Tools 三维分析工具Conversion 转换TIN 三角计算TIN 域值TIN 多边形标志TIN 节点TIN 边TIN 到栅格栅格转TINFunctional Surface 表面功能插值形状表面体积表面点表面长度视线Raster Interpolation 栅格修补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Raster Math 栅格计算乘减加取整浮点除Raster Reclass 栅格重分类切片查找用ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Raster Surface 栅格表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Terrain 地形地势地带领域TIN Creation TIN 创建创建TIN编辑TINTIN Surface TIN 表面TIN 坡度TIN 方位TIN 等高线多边形插值成多个面②Analysis Tool: 分析工具Extract 提取Clip 剪切Sel ect 选择Split 拆分Tabl e Sel ect 表选择Overlay 叠加分析Erase 擦除Identity 查看Intersect 相交Symmetrical Difference 对称差Union 联合Update 更新Proximity 邻域分析Buffer 缓冲区Multipl e Ring Buffer 多环缓冲区Near 临近Point Distance 点距离Statistics 统计表Frequency 频度Summary Statistics 总结统计③Cartography Tool: 绘图工具Masking Tools 掩模工具Cul-De-Sac Masks Cul-De-Sac 掩模Feature Outline Masks 要素轮廓线掩模Intersecting Layers Masks 相交图层掩模④Conversion Tool: 转换工具From Raster 从删格到...Raster to ASCII 删格到ASCIIRaster to Fl oat 删格到浮点Raster to Point 删格到点Raster to Polygon 删格到面Raster to Polyline 删格到线To CAD 到CADAdd CAD Fiel ds 添加CAD 字段Create CAD XData 创建CAD 扩展实体数据Export to CAD 导出到CADSet CAD Alias 设置CAD 别名To Coverage 到CoverageFeature Class To Coverage 要素类到CoverageTo dBASE 到dBASETabl e to dBASE [multipl e] 表到dBASETo GeodatabaseFeature Class To Feature Class 要素类到要素类Feature Class to Geodatabase [multipl e] 要素类到GeodatabaseImport CAD Annotation 导入CAD 注记Import Coverage Annotation 导入Coverage 注记Import from CAD 从CAD 导入Raster To Geodatabase[multipl e] 栅格到GeodatabaseTabl e to Geodatabase[multipl e] 表到GeodatabaseTabl e To Tabl e 表到表To Raster 到栅格ASCII to Raster ASCII 到栅格DEM to Raster DEM 到栅格Feature to Raster 要素到栅格Fl oat to Raster 浮点到栅格Raster To Other Format 栅格到其他格式To Shapefil e 到Shapefil eFeature Class To Shapefil e 要素类到Shapefil e⑤Data Interoperability Tools 数据互转工具⑥Data Management Tools 数据管理工具Database 数据库Compact 紧凑Compress 压缩Disconnected Editing 分离编辑Check In 检入Check In From Delta 从增量中检入Check Out 检出Export To Delta 导出增量Domains 值域Add Coded Value To Domain 添加编码值到值域Assign Domain To Fiel d 赋值值域到字段Create Domain 创建值域Del ete Coded Value From Domain 从值域中删除编码值Del ete Domain 删除值域Domain To Tabl e 值域到表Remove Domain From Fiel d 从字段删除值域Set Value For Range Domain 为范围值域设置值Tabl e To Domain 表到值域Feature class 要素类Append Annotation Feature Classes 追加注记要素类Cal culate Default Cluster Tol erance 计算缺省容限值Cal culate Default Spatial Grid Index 计算缺省空间格网索引Integrate 整合Update Annotation Feature Class 更新标记要素类创建要素类创建要素类Features 要素Add XY Coordinates 添加XY 坐标Check Geometry 检查几何形状Copy Features 复制要素Del ete Features 删除要素Feature Envel ope to Polygon 要素封装到多边形Feature To Line 要素到线Feature To Point 要素到点Feature To Polygon 要素到多边形Feature Vertices To Points 要素定点到点Multipart To Singl epart 多部分到单部分Polygon To Line 多边形到线Repair Geometry 修改集合形状Split Line At Vertices 在定点拆分线Fiel ds 字段Add Fiel d 添加字段Assign Default To Fiel d 设置缺省到字段Cal culate Fiel d 计算字段Del ete Fiel d 删除字段General 一般Copy 复制Del ete 删除Rename 重命名Sel ect Data 选择数据追加追加Generalization 一般Aggregate Polygons 聚集多边形Collapse Dual Lines To Centerline 分解双线到中心线Dissolve 融合Eliminate 消除Smooth Line 平滑线Simplify Buil ding 简化建筑物Simplify Line Or Polygon 简化线或多边形Add Attribute Index 添加属性索引Add Spatial Index 添加空间索引Remove Attribute Index 删除属性索引Remove Spatial Index 删除空间索引Find Conflicts 查找冲突Drop Ind ex 删除索引Index Item 索引项Add Item 添加项Drop Item 删除项Joins 连接Join Info Tabl es 连接Info 表Projections 投影Define Projection 定义投影Project 投影Transform 变换Renumber Nod es 重新计数节点Update IDs 更新IDTol erances 容差Tol erance 容差Topol ogy 拓扑Buil d 构建Cl ean Cl eanCreate Labels 创建标注VPF Til e Topol ogy VPF 图块拓扑Workspace Management 工作空间管理Create Coverage 创建CoverageAdd Join 添加连接Remove Join 删除连接Layers and Tabl e Views 图层和表的查看Make Query Tabl e 制作查询表Make Raster Catal og Layer 制作栅格目录图层Make Raster Layer 制作栅格图层Make XY Event Layer 制作XY 事件图层Save To Layer Fil e 保存成图层文件Sel ect Layer By Attribute 通过属性选择Sel ect Layer By Location 通过位置选择制作表视图制作表视图制作要素图层制作要素图层Projections and Transformations 投影和转换Feature 要素Batch Project 批量投影Project 投影创建空间参考创建空间参考Raster 栅格Flip 翻转Mirror 镜像Project Raster 投影栅格Rescal e 重建比例Rotate 旋转Shift 偏移War 翘曲Define Projection 定义投影Raster 栅格Batch Buil d Pyramids 批量建立金字塔Batch Cal culate Statistics 批量计算统计表Buil d Pyramids 建立金字塔Cal culate Statistics 计算统计表Clip 剪切Composite Bands 组合波段Copy Raster 复制栅格Copy Raster Catal og Items 复制栅格目录项Create Raster Catal og 创建栅格目录Del ete Raster Catal og Items 删除栅格目录项Mosaic To New Raster 镶嵌到新的栅格Resampl e 重采样创建栅格数据集创建栅格数据集镶嵌镶嵌Relationship Classes 关系类Create Relationship Class 创建关系类Tabl e To Relationship Class 表到关系类Subtypes 子类型Add Subtype 添加子类型Remove Subtype 删除子类型Set Default Subtype 设置缺省子类型Set Subtype Fiel d 设置子类型字段Tabl e 表Analyze 分析Change Privil eges 改变权限Copy Rows 复制行Del ete Rows 删除行Get Count 获得数目Pivot Tabl e 关联表创建表创建表Topol ogy 拓扑Add Feature Class To Topol ogy 添加要素类型到拓扑Add Rul e To Topol ogy 添加规则到拓扑Create Topol ogy 创建拓扑Remove Feature Class From Topol ogy 从拓扑删除要素类Remove Rul e From Topol ogy 从拓扑中删除规则Set Cluster Tol erance 设置簇容限值Validate Topol ogy 教验拓扑Versions 版本Alter Version 改变版本Create Version 创建版本Del ete Version 删除版本Post Version 提交版本Reconcil e Version 协调版本Register As Versioned 注册版本Unregister As Versioned 取消注册Workspace 工作空间Create ArcInfo Workspace 创建ArcInfo 工作空间Create Feature Dataset 创建要素数据集Create Fol der 创建文件夹Create Personal GDB 创建个人GeodatabaseGeocoding Tools 地理编码工具Automate Geocoding Indexes 自动生成地理编码索引Create Address Locator 创建地址定位器Deautomate Geocoding Indexes 取消自动生成地理编码索引Geocode Addresses 地理编码地址Rebuil d Geocoding Indexes 重建地理编码索引Standardize Addresses 标准化地址⑦Geocoding Tools 地理编码工具⑧Geostatistical Analyst Tools 地理统计分析工具Geostatistical Layer To Grid 导出地理统计图层到Grid⑨Linear Referencing Tools 线性参考工具Calibrate Routes 校准路径Create Routes 创建路径Dissolve Route Events 融合路径事件Locate Features Al ong Routes 沿路径定位要素Make Route Event Layer 制作路径事件图层Overlay Route Events 叠加路径事件Transform Route Events 转换路径事件⑩Spatial Analyst Tools 空间分析工具Conditional 条件拾取条件设空Density 密度核密度点密度线密度Distance 距离代价分配代价回联代价距离欧几里德分配欧几里德方向欧几里德距离走廊路径距离路径距离分配路径距离回联Extraction 提取提取值到点根据属性提取用圆提取用多边形提取用掩模提取用点提取用矩形提取采样Generalization 一般区块组合多数过滤收缩消蚀细化聚合膨胀边界清理Groundwater 地下水粒子跟踪透水层Hydrol ogy 水文下陷点填充捕捉汇流点河流分级河流到要素河流连接流向流域流程盆地累积流量Interpolation 添补克里金地形到栅格曲线拟合用文件地形到栅格自然邻域趋势距离权重倒数Local 本地像素统计分级合成大于频率最低位置最高位置等于频率Map Algebra 地图代数单输出地图代数多输出地图代数Math 数学计算Bitwise 为运算位与位右移位否位异或左位移按位或Logical 逻辑运算不等于为空大于大于等于小于小于等于测试等于组合与组合异或组合或逻辑异或逻辑或Trigonometric 三角函数ATan2余弦双曲余弦双曲正切双曲正弦反余弦反双曲余弦反双曲正切反双曲正弦反正切反正弦正切正弦10 的对数10 的指数2 的对数2 的指数上取整下取整乘减加取整平方根指数整除浮点绝对值自然对数自然指数除Multivariate 多元多变量Isocluster主成分创建特征最大似然性分类波段组统计类概率系统树图功能编辑署名函数Neighborhood 邻域块统计点统计焦点流焦点统计线统计过滤Overlay 叠加加权叠加创建常量栅格创建正态栅格创建随机栅格Reclass 重分类切片查找用ASCII 文件重分类用表重分类重分类Surface 表面坡向坡度填/挖山影曲率等高线等高线列表观察点视域Zonal 区域区域几何区域几何到表区域填充区域统计区域统计到表面积制表○11Spatial Statistics Tools 空间统计工具Average Nearest Neighbor 平均邻近邻居High/Low Clustering[Getis-Ord General G]高/低聚类Spatial Autocorrelation [Morans I] 空间自相关Mapping Clusters 绘制群体Cluster and Outlier Analysis 群体和群外要素分析Cluster/Outlier Analysis with Rendering 带渲染群体和群外要素分析Hot Spot Analysis [Getis-Ord Gi*] 热点分析Hot Spot Analysis with Rendering 带渲染热点分析Measuring Geographic Distributions 测量地理分布Central Feature 中心要素Directional Distribution 定向分布Linear Directional Mean 平均线方向Mean Center 平均中心Standard Distance 标准间隔距离Utilities 实用工具Cal culate Areas 计算面积Coll ect Events 收集事件Coll ect Events with Rendering 带渲染收集事件Count Rend ering 计算渲染Export Feature Attribute to Ascii 导出要素表到Ascii 文本Z Score RenderineCoverage Tool: Coverage 覆盖、覆盖范围工具Point Distance 点距离Point Nod e 点到结点Thiessen 泰森近似多边形Conversion 转换From Coverage 从CoverageExport To Interchange Fil e 到Interchange 文件Export To S57 到S57Export To SETS 到SETSExport To VPF 到VPFUngenerate 取消生成To Coverage 到CoverageAdvanced Tiger Conversion 高级Tiger 转换Basic Tiger Conversion 基本Tiger 转换Generate 生成Import From DLG 从DLG 导入Import From Interchange Fil e 从Interchange 文件导入Import From S57 从S57 导入Import From SETS 从SETS 导入Imort From VPF 从VPF 导入Data Management 数据管理Aggregate 集合Append 追加Composite Features 要素合成Line Coverage To Region 线Coverage 到区域Line Coverage To Route 线Coverage 到路径Polygon Coverage To Region 多边形Coverage 到区域Region To Polygon Coverage 区域到多边形Coverage青年人首先要树雄心,立大志,其次就要决心作一个有用的人才。
地理信息系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
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中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)A Survey on Spatio-Temporal Data WarehousingAbstractGeographic Information Systems (GIS) have been extensively used in various application domains, ranging from economical, ecological and demographic analysis,to city and route planning. Nowadays, organizations need sophisticated GIS-based Decision Support System (DSS) to analyze their data with respect to geographic information, represented not only as attribute data, but also in maps. Thus, vendors are increasingly integrating their products, leading to the concept of SOLAP (Spatial OLAP). Also, in the last years, and motivated by the explosive growth in the use of PDA devices, the field of moving object data has been receiving attention from the GIS community. However, not much has been done in providing moving object databases with OLAP functionality. In the first part of this paper we survey theSOLAP literature. We then move to Spatio-Temporal OLAP, in particular addressing the problem of trajectory analysis. We finally provide an in-depth comparative analysis between two proposals introduced in the context of the GeoPKDD EU project: the Hermes-MDC system,and Piet, a proposal for SOLAP and moving objects,developed at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.Keywords: GIS, OLAP, Data Warehousing, MovingObjects, Trajectories, AggregationINTRODUCTIONGeographic Information Systems (GIS) have been extensively used in various application domains, ranging from economical, ecological and demographic analysis, to city and route planning (Rigaux, Scholl, & V oisard, 2001; Worboys, 1995). Spatial information in a GIS is typically stored in different so-called thematic layers (also called themes). Information in themes can be stored in data structures according to different data models, the most usual ones being the raster model and the vector model. In a thematic layer, spatial data is annotated with classical relational attribute information, of (in general) numeric or string type. While spatial data is stored in data structures suitable for these kinds of data, associated attributes are usually stored in conventional relational databases. Spatial data in the different thematic layers of a GIS system can be mapped univocally to each other using a common frame of reference, like a coordinate system.These layers can be overlapped or overlayed to obtain an integrated spatial view.On the other hand, OLAP (On Line Analytical Processing) (Kimball,1996; Kimball & Ross, 2002) comprises a set of tools and algorithms that allow efficiently querying multidimensional databases, containing large amounts of data, usually called Data Warehouses. In OLAP, data is organized as a set of dimensions and fact tables. In the multidimensional model, data can be perceived as a data cube, where each cell contains a measure or set of (probably aggregated) measures of interest. As we discuss later, OLAP dimensions are further organized in hierarchies that favor the data aggregation process (Cabibbo & Torlone, 1997). Several techniques and algorithms have been developed for query processing, most of them involving some kind of aggregate precomputation (Harinarayan, Rajaraman, & Ullman, 1996).The need for OLAP in GISDifferent data models have been proposed for representing objects in a GIS. ESRI () first introduced the Coverage data model to bind geometric objects to non-spatial attributes that describe them. Later, they extended this model with object-oriented support, in a way that behavior can be defined for geographic features (Zeiler,1999). The idea of the Coverage data model is also supported by the Reference Model proposed by the Open Geospatial Consortium (). Thus, in spite of the model of choice,there is always the underlying idea of binding geometric objects to objects or attributes stored in (mostly) object-relational databases (Stonebraker & Moore, 1996). In addition, query tools in commercial GIS allow users to overlap several thematic layers in order to locate objects of interest within an area, like schools or fire stations.For this, they use indexing structures based on R-trees (Gutman, 1984).GIS query support sometimes includes aggregation of geographic measures, for example, distances or areas (e.g., representing different geological zones). However, these aggregations are not the only ones that are required, as we discuss below.Nowadays, organizations need sophisticated GIS-based Decision Support System (DSS) to analyze their data with respect to geographic information, represented not only as attribute data, but also in maps, probably in different thematic layers. In this sense, OLAP and GIS vendors are increasingly integrating their products (see, for instance,Microstrategy and MapInfo integration in /, and /). In this sense, aggregate queries are central to DSSs. Classical aggregate OLAP queries (like “total sales of cars in California”), and aggregation combined with complex queries involving geometric components (“total sales in all villages crossed by the Mississippi river and within a radius of 100 km around New Orleans”) must be efficiently supported. Moreover, navigation of the results using typical OLAP operations like roll-up or drill-down is also required. These operations are not supported by commercial GIS in a straightforward way. One of the reasons is that the GIS data models discussed above were developed with “transactional” queries in mind. Thus, the databases storing nonspatial attributes or objects are designed to support those (nonaggregate) kinds of queries. Decision support systems need a different data model, where non-spatial data, probably consolidated from different sectors in an organization, is stored in a data warehouse. Here,numerical data are stored in fact tables built along several dimensions.For instance, if we are interested in the sales of certain products in stores in a given region, we may consider the sales amounts in a fact table over the three dimensions Store, Time and Product. In order to guarantee summarizability (Lenz & Shoshani, 1997), dimensions are organized into aggregation hierarchies. For example, stores can aggregate over cities which in turn can aggregate into regions and countries. Each of these aggregation levels can also hold descriptive attributes like city population, the area of a region, etc. To fulfill the requirements of integrated GIS-DSS, warehouse data must be linked to geographic data. For instance, a polygon representing a region must be associated to the region identifier in the warehouse. Besides, system integration in commercial GIS is not an easy task. In the current commercial applications, the GIS and OLAP worlds are integrated in an ad-hoc fashion, probably in a different way (and using different data models) each time an implementation is required, even when a data warehouse is available for non-spatial data.An Introductory Example. We present now a real-world example for illustrating some issues in the spatial warehousing problematic. We selected four layers with geographic and geological features obtained from the National Atlas Website (). Theselayers contain the following information: states, cities, and rivers in North America, and volcanoes in the northern hemisphere (published by the Global V olcanism Program - GVP). Figure 1 shows a detail of the layers containing cities and rivers in North America, displayed using the graphic interface of the Piet implementation we discuss later in the paper. Note the density of the points representing cities (particularly in the eastern region). Rivers are represented as polylines. Figure 2 shows a portion of two overlayed layerscontaining states (represented as polygons) and volcanoes in the northern hemisphere.There is also non-spatial information stored in a conventional data warehouse. In this data warehouse, dimension tables contain customer,stores and product information, and a fact table contains stores sales across time. Also, numerical and textual information on the geographic components exist (e.g., population, area), stored as usual as attributes of the GIS layers.In the scenario above, conventional GIS and organizational data can be integrated for decision support analysis. Sales information could be analyzed in the light of geographical features, conveniently displayed in maps. This analysis could benefit from the integration of both worlds in a single framework. Even though this integration could be possible with existing technologies, ad-hoc solutions are expensive because,besides requiring lots of complex coding, they are hardly portable. To make things more difficult, ad-hoc solutions require data exchange between GIS and OLAP applications to be performed. This implies that the output of a GIS query must be probably exported as members in dimensions of a data cube, and merged for further analysis. For example, suppose that a business analyst is interested in studying the sales of nautical goods in stores located in cities crossed by rivers. She could first query the GIS, to obtain the cities of interest. She probably has stored sales in a data cube containing a dimension Store or Geography with city as a dimension level. She would need to“manually” select the cities of interest (i.e., the ones returned by the GIS query) in the cube, to be able to go on with the analysis (in the best case, an ad-hoc customized middleware could help her). Of course, she must repeat this for each query involving a (geographic) dimension inthe data cube.Figure 1. Two overlayed layers containing cities and rivers in North America.On the contrary, GIS/Data warehousing integration can provide a more natural solution. The second part of this survey is devoted to spatio-temporal datawarehousing and OLAP. Moving objects databases (MOD) have been receiving increasing attention from the database community in recent years, mainly due to the wide variety of applications that technology allows nowadays. Trajectories of moving objects like cars or pedestrians, can be reconstructed by means of samples describing the locations of these objects at certain points in time. Although thereFigure 2. Two overlayed layers containing states in North America and volcanoes in thenorthern hemisphere.exist many proposals for modeling and querying moving objects, only a small part of them address the problem of aggregation of moving objects data in a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) scenario. Many interesting applications arise, involving moving objects aggregation, mainly regarding traffic analysis, truck fleet behavior analysis, commuter traffic in a city, passenger traffic in an airport, or shopping behavior in a mall. Building trajectory data warehouses that can integrate with a GIS is an open problem that is starting to attract database researchers. Finally, the MOD setting is appropriate for data mining tasks, and we also comment on this in the paper. In this paper, we first provide a brief background on GIS, data warehousing and OLAP, and a review of the state-of-the-art in spatial OLAP. After this, we move on to study spatio-temporal data warehousing, OLAP and mining. We then provide a detailed analysis of the Piet framework, aimed at integrating GIS, OLAP and moving object data, and conclude with a comparison between this proposal, and the Hermes data cartrridge and trajectory datawarehouse developed in the context of the GeoPKDD project (Information about the GoePKDD project can be found at http://www.geopkdd.eu).A SHORT BACKGROUNDGISIn general, information in a GIS application is divided over several thematic layers. The information in each layer consists of purely spatial data on the one hand, that is combined with classical alpha-numeric attribute data on the other hand (usually stored in a relational database). Two main data models are used for the representation of the spatial part of the information within one layer, the vector model and the raster model. The choice of model typically depends on the data source from which the information is imported into the GIS.The Vector Model. The vector model is used the most in current GIS (Kuper & Scholl, 2000). In the vector model, infinite sets of points in space are represented as finite geometric structures, or geometries, like, for example, points, polylines and polygons. More concretely, vector data within a layer consists in a finite number of tuples of the form (geometry, attributes) where a geometry can be a point, a polyline or a polygon. There are several possible data structures to actually store these geometries (Worboys, 1995).The Raster Model. In the raster model, the space is sampled into pixels or cells, each one having an associated attribute or set of attributes. Usually, these cells form a uniform grid in the plane. For each cell or pixel, the sample value of some function is computed and associated to the cell as an attribute value, e.g., a numeric value or a color. In general, information represented in the raster model is organized intozones, where the cells of a zone have the same value for some attribute(s). The raster model has very efficient indexing structures and it is very well-suited to model continuous change but its disadvantages include its size and the cost of computing the zones.Spatial information in the different thematic layers in a GIS is often joined or overlayed. Queries requiring map overlay are more difficult to compute in the vector model than in the raster model. On the other hand, the vector model offers a concise representation of the data, independent on the resolution. For a uniform treatment of different layers given in the vector or the raster model, in this paper we treat the raster model as a special case of the vector model. Indeed, conceptually, each cell is, and each pixel can be regarded as, a small polygon; also, the attribute value associated to the cell or pixel can be regarded as an attribute in the vector model.Data Warehousing and OLAPThe importance of data analysis has increased significantly in recent years as organizations in all sectors are required to improve their decision-making processes in order to maintain their competitive advantage. We said before that OLAP (On Line Analytical Processing) (Kimball, 1996; Kimball & Ross, 2002) comprises a set of tools and algorithms that allow efficiently querying databases that contain large amounts of data. These databases, usually designed for read-only access (in general, updating isperformed off-line), are denoted data warehouses. Data warehouses are exploited in different ways. OLAP is one of them. OLAP systems are based on a multidimensional model, which allows a better understanding of data for analysis purposes and provides better performance for complex analytical queries. The multidimensional model allows viewing data in an n-dimensional space, usually called a data cube (Kimball & Ross,2002). In this cube, each cell contains a measure or set of (probably aggregated) measures of interest. This factual data can be analyzed along dimensions of interest, usually organized in hierarchies (Cabibbo & Torlone, 1997). Three typical ways of OLAP tools implementation exist: MOLAP (standing for multidimensional OLAP), where data is stored in proprietary multidimensional structures, ROLAP (relational OLAP), where data is stored in (object) relational databases, and HOLAP (standing for hybrid OLAP, which provides both solutions. In a ROLAP environment, data is organized as a set of dimension tables and fact tables, and we assume this organization in the remainder of the paper.There are a number of OLAP operations that allow exploiting the dimensions and their hierarchies, thus providing an interactive data analysis environment. Warehouse databases are optimized for OLAP operations which, typically, imply data aggregation or de-aggregation along a dimension, called roll-up and drill-down, respectively. Other operations involve selecting parts of a cube (slice and dice) and reorienting the multidimensional view of data (pivoting). In addition to the basic operations described above, OLAP tools provide a great variety of mathematical, statistical, and financial operators for computing ratios, variances, ranks,etc.It is an accepted fact that data warehouse (conceptual) design is still an open issue in the field (Rizzi & Golfarelli, 2000). Most of the data models either provide a graphical representation based on the Entity- Relationship (E/R) model or UML notations, or they just provide some formal definitions without user-oriented graphical support. Recently, Malinowsky and Zimányi (2006) propose the MultiDim model. This model is based on the E/R model and provides an intuitive graphical notation. Also recently, Vaisman (Vaisman, 2006a, 2006b) introduced a methodology for requirement elicitation in Decision Support Systems, arguing that methodologies used for OLTP systems are not appropriate for OLAP systems.Temporal Data WarehousesThe relational data model as proposed by Codd (1970), is not wellsuited for handling spatial and/or temporal data. Data evolution over time must be treated in this model, in the same way as ordinary data. This is not enough for applications that require past, present, and/or future data values to be dealt with by the database. In real life such applications abound. Therefore, in the last decades, much research has been done in the field of temporal databases. Snodgrass (1995) describes the design of the TSQL2 Temporal Query Language, an upward compatible extension of SQL-92. The book, written as a result of a Dagstuhl seminar organized in June 1997 by Etzion, Jajodia, andSripada (1998), contains comprehensive bibliography, glossaries for both temporal database and time granularity concepts, and summaries of work around 1998. The same author (Snodgrass, 1999), in other work, discusses practical research issues on temporal database design and implementation.Regarding temporal data warehousing and OLAP, Mendelzon and Vaisman (2000, 2003) proposed a model, denoted TOLAP, and developed a prototype and a datalog-like query language, based on a (temporal) star schema. Vaisman, Izquierdo, and Ktenas (2006) also present a Web-based implementation of this model, along with a query language, called TOLAP-QL. Eder, Koncilia, and Morzy (2002) also propose a data model for temporal OLAP supporting structural changes. Although these efforts, little attention has been devoted to the problem of conceptual and logical modeling for temporal data warehouses. SPATIAL DATA WAREHOUSING AND OLAPSpatial database systems have been studied for a long time (Buchmann, Günther, Smith, & Wang, 1990; Paredaens, Van Den Bussche, & Gucht, 1994). Rigaux et al. (2001) survey various techniques, such as spatial data models, algorithms, and indexing methods, developed to address specific features of spatial data that are not adequately handled by mainstream DBMS technology.Although some authors have pointed out the benefits of combining GIS and OLAP, not much work has been done in this field. Vega López,Snodgrass, and Moon (2005) present a comprehensive survey on spatiotemporal aggregation that includes a section on spatial aggregation. Also, Bédard, Rivest, and Proulx (2007) present a review of the efforts for integrating OLAP and GIS. As we explain later, efficient data aggregation is crucial for a system with GIS-OLAP capabilities.Conceptual Modeling and SOLAPRivest, Bédard, and Marchand (2001) introduced the concept of SOLAP (standing for Spatial OLAP), a paradigm aimed at being able to explore spatial data by drilling on maps, in a way analogous to what is performed in OLAP with tables and charts. They describe the desirable features and operators a SOLAP system should have.Although they do not present a formal model for this, SOLAP concepts and operators have been implemented in a commercial tool called JMAP, developed by the Centre for Research in Geomatics and KHEOPS, see /en/jmap/solap.jsp. Stefanovic, Han, and Koperski (2000) and Bédard, Merret, and Han (2001), classify spatial dimension hierarchies according to their spatial references in: (a) non-geometric;(b) geometric to non-geometric; and (c) fully geometric. Dimensions of type (a) can be treated as any descriptive dimension (Rivest et al., 2001). In dimensions of types (b) and (c), a geometry is associated to members of the hierarchies. Malinowski and Zimányi (2004) extend this classification to consider that even in the absence of several related spatial levels, a dimension can be considered spatial. Here, a dimension level is spatial if it is represented as a spatial data type (e.g., point, region), allowing them to link spatial levels through topological relationships (e.g., contains, overlaps). Thus, a spatial dimension is a dimension that contains at least one spatial hierarchy. A critical point inspatial dimension modeling is the problem of multiple-dependencies, meaning that an element in one level can be related to more than one element in a level above it in the hierarchy. Jensen, Kligys, Pedersen, and Timko (2004)address this issue, and propose a multidimensional data model for mobile services, i.e., services that deliver content to users, depending on their location.This model supports different kinds of dimension hierarchies, most remarkably multiple hierarchies in the same dimension, i.e., multiple aggregation paths. Full and partial containment hierarchies are also supported. However, the model does not consider the geometry, limiting the set of queries that can be addressed. This means that spatial dimensions are standard dimensions referring to some geographical element (like cities or roads).Malinowski and Zimányi (2006) also propose a model supporting multiple aggregation paths. Pourabbas (2003) introduces a conceptual model that uses binding attributes to bridge the gap between spatial databases and a data cube. The approach relies on the assumption that all the cells in the cube contain a value, which is not the usual case in practice, as the author expresses. Also, the approach requires modifying the structure of the spatial data to support the model. No implementation is presented.Shekhar, Lu, Tan, Chawla, & Vatsavai (2001) introduced MapCube, a visualization tool for spatial data cubes. MapCube is an operator that, given a so-called base map, cartographic preferences and an aggregation hierarchy, produces an album of maps that can be navigated via roll-up and drill-down operations.Spatial Measures. Measures are characterized in two ways in the literature, namely: (a) measures representing a geometry, which can be aggregated along the dimensions; (b) a numerical value, using a topological or metric operator. Most proposals support option (a), either as a set of coordinates (Bédard et al., 2001; Rivest et al., 2001; Malinowski & Zimányi, 2004; Bimonte, Tchounikine, & Miquel, 2005), or a set of pointers to geometric objects (Stefanovic et al., 2000). Bimonte et al. (Bimonte et al., 2005) define measures as complex objects (a measure is thus an object containing several attributes). Malinowski and Zimányi (2004) follow a similar approach, but defining measures as attributes of an n-ary fact relationship between dimensions.Damiani and Spaccapietra (2006) propose MuSD, a model allowing defining spatial measures at different granularities. Here, a spatial measure can represent the location of a fact at multiple levels of (spatial) granularity. Also, an algebra of SOLAP operators is proposed.Spatial AggregationIn light of the discussion above, it should be clear that aggregation is a crucial issue in spatial OLAP. Moreover, there is not yet a consensus about a complete set of aggregate operators for spatial OLAP. We now discuss the classic approaches to spatial aggregation. Han et al. (1998) use OLAP techniques for materializing selected spatial objects, and proposed a so-called Spatial Data Cube, and the set of operations that can be performed on this data cube. The model only supports aggregation of spatial objects.Pedersen and Tryfona (2001) propose the pre-aggregation of spatial facts. First, they pre-process these facts, computing their disjoint parts in order to be able to aggregate them later. This pre-aggregation works if the spatial properties of the objects are distributive over some aggregate function. Again, the spatial measures are geometric objects.Given that this proposal ignores the geometries, queries like “total population of cities crossed by a river” are not supported. The paper does not address forms other than polygons, although the authors claim that other more complex forms are supported by the method, and the authors do not report experimental results.With a different approach, Rao, Zhang, Yu, Li, and Chen (2003), and Zhang, Li, Rao, Yu, Chen, and Liu (2003) combine OLAP and GIS for querying so-called spatial data warehouses, using R-trees for accessing data in fact tables. The data warehouse is then exploited in the usualOLAP way. Thus, they take advantage of OLAP hierarchies for locating information in the R-tree which indexes the fact table.Although the measures here are not only spatial objects, the proposal also ignores the geometric part of the model, limiting the scope of the queries that can be addressed. It is assumed that some fact table, containing the identifiers of spatial objects exists. Finally, these objects happen to be points, which is quite unrealistic in a GIS environment, where different types of objects appear in the different layers. Some interesting techniques have been recently introduced to address the data aggregation problem. These techniques are based on the combined use of (R-tree-based) indexes, materialization (or preaggregation) of aggregate measures, and computational geometry algorithms.Papadias, Tao, Kalnis, and Zhang (2002) introduce the Aggregation Rtree (aR-tree), combining indexing with pre-aggregation. The aR-tree is an R-tree that annotates each MBR (Minimal Bounding Rectangle) with the value of the aggregate function for all the objects that are enclosed by it. They extend this proposal in order to handle historic information (see the section on moving object data below), denoting this extension aRB-tree (Papadias, Tao, Zhang, Mamoulis, Shen, and & Sun, 2002). The approach basically consists in two kinds of indexes: a host index, which is an R-tree with the summarized information, and a B-tree containing time-varying aggregate data. In the most general case, each region has a B-tree associated, with the historical information of the measures of interest in the region. This is a very efficient solution for some kinds of queries, for example, window aggregate queries (i.e., for the computation of the aggregate measure of the regions which intersect a spatio-temporal window). In addition, the method is very effective when a query is posed over a query region whose intersection with the objects in a map must be computed on-thefly,and these objects are totally enclosed in the query region. However, problems may appear when leaf entries partially overlap the query window. In this case, the result must be estimated, or the actual results computed using the base tables. In fact, Tao, Kollios, Considine, Li,and Papadias (2004), show that the aRB-tree can suffer from the distinct counting problem, if the object remains in the same region for several timestamps.时空数据仓库的调查摘要地理信息系统已被广泛应用于不同的应用领域,包括经济,生态和人口统计分析,城市和路线规划。