微处理器和微控制器处理

评语：将英文和中文都分别整理到一起即可再发给我。翻译可以过关了。

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

Chapter Outline

Introduction

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

The 280 and the 8051

A Microcontroller Survey

Development Systems for Microcontrollers

Summary

微处理器和微控制器

章节纲要

1、介绍

2、微处理器、微控制器

3、Z80和8501

4、一个单片机调查

5、开发系统的控制器

6、摘要

The past two decades have seen the introduction of a technology that has radically changed

the way in which we analyze and control the world around us. Born of parallel developments in computer architecture and integrated circuit fabrication. the microprocessor. or

"computer on a chip," first became a commercial reality in 1971 with the introduction of

the 4-bit 4004 by a small. unknown company by the name of Intel Corporation. Other.

more well-established, semiconductor firms soon followed Intel's pioneering technology

so that by the late 1970s one could choose from a half dozen or so microprocessor types.

The 1970s also saw the growth of the number of personal computer users from a

handful of hobbyists and "hackers" to millions of business. industrial. governmental.

defense. educational. and private users now enjoying the advantages of inexpensive

computing.

A by-product of microprocessor development was the microcontroller. The same fabrication techniques and programming concepts that make possible the general-purpose

microprocessor also yielded the microcontroller.

Microcontrollers are not as well known to the general public, or even the technical community, as are the more glamorous microprocessors. The public is. however. very

well aware that "something" is responsible for all of the smart VCRs. clock radios. Washers and dryers. video games. telephones. microwaves. TVs. automobiles, toys. vending

machines, copiers. elevators. irons. and a myriad of other articles that have suddenly become intelligent and "programmable . " Companies are also aware that being competitive

in this age of the microchip requires their products. or the machinery they use to make

those products. to have some "smarts."

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the concept of a microcontroller and survey a representative group. The remainder of the book will study one of the most popular

types, the 8051. in detail.

过去二十年来,我们已经发现一个技术的引进,已经从根本上改变了我们分析和控制周围世界的方式。计算机体系结构和集成电路制造的并行发展，微处理器或“计算机芯片”的诞生最初成为商业现实是在1971年，伴随着当时规模很小，并不知名的英特尔公司发布的一款4bit 处理器——4004。此后，其他当时更具有规模和实力的半导体公司很快跟随着英特尔公司的开创性技