中国文化与社会 期末试题

Remark（评价）秦始皇

Some people think he is a topping emperor

In Chinese history，Qin shi huang is the first emperor who has rare gifts and bold strategy.He united the six countries，making China become the largest empire in the world.only a few people can be compared with him in Chinese emperors about his great achievements.

Some people consider him as a brutal emperor“Fen Shu Keng Ru”destroyed many classic books and kill many Confucian scholars.He built luxurious E Pang Gong and Li Shan Tomb.What's more，for the sake of medicine against death，he sent thousands of people to East Sea，which deepened the people's misery.

简答题、论述题

Unit 1 Confucian thought on heaven and humanity

1.What does filial＂piety”mean accordimg to Confucius孔子认为孝是什么意思？How do you understand你是怎么理解的？

Confucius regarded"filial piety and fraternal dutyas the essence of ren. The Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong)quotes Confucius as saving. The greatest love for people is the love of its parents孔子把“孝与兄弟的责任”视为仁的本质。中庸援引孔子的话：“人

最伟大的爱是父母的爱I think filial piety is the basis of being a man, and parents are the most important people in the world. Our life is given by our parents, and we should always be grateful to our parents

我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的

生命是由父母给予的，我们应该永远感激我们的父母。

2.What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of“life”Please illustrate it with an exam。儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说In the Confucian philosophy of life", love for and kindness toward

all living things are emphasized。在儒家的“生命”哲学中，强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。

3.What s the meaning of“ren”（仁）（benevolence）according

Confucius（根据孔子，“仁”是什么意思？）？

Confucius interpreted ren as"love of people, which begins with the love for ones parents。孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱”，从“爱父母”开始。

4. According to Confucius, what qualities are persons of virtue supposed to have根据孔子的说法，“品德人”应该具备什么素质？

“persons of virtue”should have sound character and uplifted minds. Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals, great virtue, love of people, and the six arts as the general principles of education. Of these, virtue was the most important。

“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起

重要的社会责任，为社会做出贡献。他认为崇高的理想，伟大的美德对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重要的。

5.Why does our Kongzi become Confucius in the west?

Confucius is a Latinized name bestowed upon Kongzi by Jesuit missionaries in the 18th century, which is a critical time when missionaries introduced Chinese culture to the West。

6.What is Confucius view on Heaven according to these lines?

Heaven does not speak in words. It speaks through the rotation of the four seasons and the growth of all1 iving things（天何言？四时行焉，百物兰焉，天何言哉？）．＂ーSelected from The Analects Confucius regarded Heaven" as nature-confucius believes that nature is not a lifeless mechanism separate from human; instead, it is a great world full of life and the process of creating life. Human is part of nature。

7.How is Confucian concept of Heaven related to the modern ecological civilization?

Confucius regarded Heaven'as nature and the source of life, and required people to hold Heaven in awe. This is the source of the modern ecological civilization.Ren (仁)and li（礼)are the two core concepts of