effect,effective,effectiveness,efficiency,efficacy和potency

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efficient和effective的区别

efficient和effective的区别
efficient是指工作效率高，其名词形式为efficiency，意为“效率，功效”。

effective是指某种事物起了作用，产生了效果，其名词形式为effectiveness，意为“效果，有效”。

efficient双语例句
1.With today's more efficient contraception women can plan their families and careers.
如今有了更加有效的避孕方法，女性便可以规划她们的家庭和事业。

2.An efficient transport system is critical to the long-term future of London.
高效的公共交通系统对伦敦长远的未来至关重要。

3.She was efficient and reliable.
她办事很有效率，也很可靠。

4.This is currently the most efficient way to transmit certain types of data like electronic mail.
这是目前传送电子邮件等某些类型的数据的最高效方式。

5.Taking risks is the only way employees can provide effective and efficient customer service.
员工能够为客户提供有价值、高效的服务的唯一途径就是敢于冒险。

Efficacy, effectiveness, efficiency的区别

Australian Prescriber Vol. 23 No. 6 2000E D I T O R I A LEfficacy, effectiveness, efficiency John Marley, Professor, Department of General Practice, University of Adelaide, AdelaideIndex words: drug utilisation, cost-effectiveness, drug evaluation.(Aust Prescr 2000;23:114–5) How is it, that guidelines for treatment often seem unrelated to the patient sitting in front of the doctor? Guidelines are mostly based on evidence gathered from randomised controlled trials. These trials are very good at assessing efficacy – that is, can a treatment work? Despite this, trials are not without substantial biases. Many people may be screened before a few are chosen to be included in a study, yet the results of the study will be applied to the very people who were excluded. The population studied in trials tends to be young, male, white, suffering from a single condition and using a single treatment. Most patients, at least in general practice, do not fit this description. They often have multiple illnesses, take multiple medications and are either too young or too old to have been included in clinical trials. Perhaps we should accept a proposal to define efficacy in relation to medications as ‘the extent to which a drug has the ability to bring about its intended effect under ideal circumstances, such as in a randomised clinical trial’.*Efficacy is not the same as effectiveness.1 A treatment is effective if it works in real life in non-ideal circumstances. In real life, medications will be used in doses and frequencies never studied and in patient groups never assessed in the trials. Drugs will be used in combination with other medications that have not been tested for interactions, and by people other than the patient – the ‘over the garden fence’ syndrome. Effectiveness cannot be measured in controlled trials, because the act of inclusion into a study is a distortion of usual practice. Effectiveness can be defined as ‘the extent to which a drug achieves its intended effect in the usual clinical setting’.* It can be evaluated through observational studies of real practice. This allows practice to be assessed in qualitative as well as quantitative terms.2Australia is well suited to conduct observational studies because we have a high standard of relatively unrestricted practice and good national databases, such as those held by the Health Insurance Commission. These databases can be used for validating researchers’ separate database effectiveness studies. In America there are very large patient databases held by the Health Maintenance Organisations. Their size is impressive, but size is not everything. The data may have been collected primarily for billing and they may be incomplete. Clinical practice is often governed by protocols, and medications are limited to those supplied by the current preferred providers. The reimbursement mechanism for doctors may mean that they code conditions at the highest severity level. Patients belonging to one of these organisations may not represent the American population as a whole. In Britain, the General Practice Research Database, compiled from practice electronic records, is very useful, especially for studies in pharmacoepidemiology. The British enjoy relatively unrestricted clinical practice, but they do not have readily usable national datasets against which to check the validity of their database studies.It is an irony that drugs are licensed for use almost exclusively on the results of controlled trials, yet they are withdrawn from use because of observational data that would not be acceptable to licensing authorities. Biases are present in observational studies, just as they are in trials, but they can be defined and often controlled for, giving these studies a much greater value than that currently awarded to them.*From a suggested dictionary of pharmacoepidemiology byC. Ineke Neutel, University of Ottawa Institute on Health ofthe Elderly, Research Department, SCO Health Services.43 Bruyere Street, Ottawa CANADA K1N 5C8.114Australian Prescriber Vol. 23 No. 6 2000Efficiency depends on whether a drug is worth its cost to individuals or society. The most efficacious treatment, based on the best evidence, may not be the most cost-effective option. It may not be acceptable to patients. In every country, rationing of health care is a reality. There is no country, however wealthy, that can afford to deliver all the health care possible to the whole of its population at all times. Rationing may be implicit or explicit, but it will happen. Good effectiveness and efficiency studies will make this rationing more informed.Good practical guidelines, such as the Therapeutic Guidelines series, are clearly very important and extremely useful. They could be made even more relevant to the patient in front of the doctor, by being less dependent on efficacy studies. We should make more use of effectiveness and efficiency studies and abandon the censorship of the evidence drawn from them. R E F E R E N C E S1.Haynes B. Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it? Br Med J 1999;319:652-3.2.Greenhalgh T. Is my practice evidence-based? Br Med J 1996;313:957-8. E-mail: john.marley@.au115。

中层干部八大核心管理技能

管理縱橫技能-八.管理發展簡史
〄管理發展簡史
1776年 1911年 1913年 1916年 1933年 1945年 1953年 1960年 1972年系統管理科學管理官僚制度行政管理人際關系定量管理組織行為系統理論權變理論勞動分工鐵鍬實驗亞當〃斯密弗雷德裡克〃泰勒馬克斯〃韋伯亨利〃法約爾梅奧戴明道格拉斯〃麥格裡格切斯特〃巴納德
中層干部八大核心管理技能
制作〆Power&Andy
Agenda
1. 管理縱橫技能 2.时间管理技能 3.有效授权技能
4.组织沟通技能
5.团队管理技能
6.目标管理技能
7.有效决策技能 8.有效领导技能
中層干部八大核心管理技能之一
管理縱橫技能
Management&Managers
3）會後控制
〄會議結束前運用“會議檢查表” 〄“會議記錄”有效性的秘訣〄會後個人承擔的行動項目和責任控制
時間管理技能-一.善用生命的資源
工作場所中10位時間的竊賊
時間的竊賊 3.電話人原因方便自己還是方便別人〇解決行動〆 1）有些瑣事讓助手或秘書決定々 2）工作電話要有紀錄々 3）養成3分鐘內把問題解決並掛掉電話的
工作場所中10位時間的竊賊
時間的竊賊 5.別人打擾解決行動〆確認工作的目標和價值。 6.拖延解決行動〆找借口原因 “面子”
遲早都要做，不如現在做。
時間管理技能-一.善用生命的資源
工作場所中10位時間的竊賊
時間的竊賊 7.不當的受托原因逞強，好表現解決行動〆 1）集中精力做好分內之事々 2）勇於說“不”。
管理縱橫技能
一. 二. 三. 四. 五. 六. 七. 八. 管理是什麼〇誰是管理者〇管理者做什麼〇深入理解管理管理者的角色管理者理念管理者的素質管理發展簡史

你知道临床试验中Efficacy,effectiveness和efficiency的区别吗？

你知道临床试验中Efficacy,effectiveness和efficiency的区别吗？：是指药物在实验室中或临床试验研究的理想环境下所能达到的最⼤预期效效Efficacy：是指药物在实验室中或临床试验研究的理想环境下所能达到的最⼤预期果。

为什么医⽣有时觉得治疗指南与现实中的治疗看起来不相关呢？指南多数是由循证的随机对照试验结果⽽得出。

这些试验可以⽤于评估治疗的有效性（efficacy）。

但是，临床试验研究却不能保证没有严重的偏倚。

尽管临床试验研究可能会筛选很多⼈，然后选择其中少数⼈参与研究，但研究的结果可能适⽤于被排除的少数⼈中。

参与试验的研究⼈⼝更趋向于年轻的，⽩种⼈，男性，仅患单⼀疾病，且应⽤单⼀治疗⽅法。

但现实中⼤多数患者并不符合这⼀要求。

他们往往同时患有多种疾病，需要服⽤多种药物，或者年龄太⼩或太⼤，⽽被排除在临床试验之外。

我们应该将“Efficacy”定义为“在理想的情况下，如在⼀个随机临床试验中，药物可达到的预期效果”。

Effectiveness：是指药物在现实临床中是有效的。

与efficacy不同，⼀种治疗如果它在真实条件下有效果，说明这种治疗是有效的（effective）。

在真实条件下，药物的剂量、使⽤频率和患者群体都是临床随机试验研究中所没测试过的。

临床中的有效性是不能在对照试验中进⾏测定的，因为⽆法按照研究规范设置纳⼊标准。

Effectiveness可以被定义为“⼀种药物在真实的临床条件下，通过观察性研究评估其实际疗效。

Efficiency：我们应该多利⽤效益和效率的研究和舍弃⼀些不必要的审查。

Efficiency取决于⼀种药物的价值是否与个⼈或社会⽀付的费⽤相当。

循证医学中最有效的治疗未必是最划算的治疗，也可能是患者难以承受的治疗。

在所有国家都不可能让所有⼈同时享有最合理的医疗保健。

既有良好的临床有效性effectiveness⼜能符合好的成本效益efficiency的研究将使更多患者受益。

效率英语单词

效率英语单词以下是20个关于“效率”相关的单词：一、efficiency（效率；效能；功效）1. 单词用法- 作不可数名词。

例如：The new machine has greatly improved the efficiency of production.（新机器极大地提高了生产效率。

）2. 近义词- effectiveness（有效性；效力），productivity（生产力；生产率）3. 短语搭配- energy efficiency（能源效率）；efficiency improvement（效率改进）4. 双语例句- We should strive to raise the efficiency of our work.（我们应该努力提高工作效率。

）二、productivity（生产率；生产力；多产）1. 单词用法- 作不可数名词。

例如：High - tech equipment can boost productivity in the factory.（高科技设备能提高工厂的生产率。

）2. 近义词- output（产量；输出），yield（产量；收益）3. 短语搭配- labour productivity（劳动生产率）；increase productivity（提高生产率）4. 双语例句- Thepany is trying various methods to enhance productivity.（公司正在尝试各种方法来提高生产率。

）三、effectiveness（有效性；效力）1. 单词用法- 作不可数名词。

例如：The effectiveness of this medicine needs to be further tested.（这种药的有效性需要进一步测试。

）2. 近义词- efficiency（效率；效能），validity（有效性；正确性）3. 短语搭配- cost - effectiveness（成本效益；性价比）；effectiveness evaluation（有效性评估）4. 双语例句- We are concerned about the effectiveness of the new teaching method.（我们关注新教学方法的有效性。

Unit 4 Sports 课后练习

考察状语从句。这里是一个时间状语从句，所以由when引导
• He was working on a new book D I went to see him. A. first time B. for the first time C. by the first time D. the first time 语境: 我第一次去看他的时候，他正在写一本新书. The first time 作为名词词组可引导时间状语从句。类似的还有the last time, next time, the moment等
3.With all the items his son needed C , she rushed him to the school. A. to buy B. buying C. bought D. to be bought With的复合结构中，his son needed为all the items的定语，过去分词bought 表示buy的动作已结束，与items之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. A such a have loss, the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 考察非谓语动词形式作状语.意为遭受严重损失后，那位商人没有勇气继续做生意了。因为遭受重创先发生，故用现在分词的完成式. 2. D the window, my finger was seriously cut. A. Having cleaned B. To cleaned C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning 考察非谓语动词的用法.也就是说，主句动作发生在从句动作过程中，所以 A和B不对，C要求cleaning 的逻辑主语要与主句的主语一致，所以也不对；当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，只能用状语从句。

形容词和副词

形容词和副词1.temporary adj. 临时的，暂时的；短暂的Most adolescent problems are temporary . 多数青少年问题是暂时性的。

n. 临时工，临时雇员plex adj. 复杂的；难懂的3.accurate adj. 精确的，准确的；正确无误的(常指文字，信息，测量) Police have stressed thatthis is the most accurate description of the killer to date...警方强调这是迄今对凶手最精确的描述。

4.efficient 与effective的区别efficient 高效；efficiency,意为“效率,功效”.effective 有效effectiveness,意为"效果,有效".increase efficiency of production and diminish cost of output（成本）His order to arrest me was no longer effective. Light clothes are effective in keeping cool in warm weather.The faith I placed in my doctor’s treatment perhaps helped in its effectiveness.5.constant adj. 不断的，持续的The Forbidden City attracts a constant stream of visitors everyday, especially in national holidays.6.contain 包含Factory shops contain a wide range of cheap furnishings（furniture）7.consist in=lie in在于The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.consist with 和……保持一致Deeds should consist with words言行一致consist of 由……组成My diet consisted almost exclusively(唯一地) of chocolate-covered biscuits and glasses of milk.8.obese adj. 极为肥胖的lean adj. 瘦的；贫瘠的；简洁的；精干的Obese people tend to havehigher blood pressure than lean people.9.frustrate v. 挫败；阻挠；使受挫折Doesn't it frustrate you that audiences in the theatre are sorestricted?10.sensitive adj. 感性的易受影响的Compared with his sister, Jerry is more even sensitive to,and more easily troubled by, emotional and relationship problems.11.accessible adj. 易接近的，可达到的Frank put the medicine in a top drawer(抽屉) to make sureit would not be accessible to the kids.12.几倍The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as thepresent(现在的目前的) one.13.deliberately 故意地Don’t defend him any more. It’s obvious that he deliberately destroyedthe fence of the garden even without apology.14.relevant 有关的I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussion now. Hehas missed the point.15.stubborn 固执倔强的Joe is proud and stubborn, never admitting he is wrong and alwayslooking for someone else to blame.16.otherwise 否则Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn’t have found it otherwise.17.meanwhile 同时；在此期间；（引出某一情形的另一方面，尤指与前面提到的完全相反时)与之相比，然而Smoking, even at light levels, is harmful to health. Drinking with measure, meanwhile, is beneficial.18.dreadful 糟糕透顶的He told us the dreadful news. (强调糟糕程度)极其非常We’ve made adreadful mistake19.clumsy adj. 笨拙的；复杂难懂的I'd never seen a clumsier, less coordinated boxer20. ridiculous adj. 可笑的，荒谬的It was an absolutely ridiculous decision21. urgent adj. 急迫的；极力主张的There is an urgent need for food and water22. 四个“永远”的区别：（1）perpetual A perpetual feeling, state, or quality is one that never ends or changes.（continuing without interruption）不断的 a perpetual stream of visitors 不间断的客流I thought her perpetual complaints were going to prove too much for me. 我想我再也受不了她无休无止的抱怨了。

effect的各种变形

effect的各种变形Effect是一个非常常见的英文单词，它通常被翻译为“效果”，但实际上，它还有许多其他的译法和变形。

在本文中，我们将探讨Effect的各种变形及其用法。

1. Effect首先，让我们来看看Effect的基本译法。

Effect是名词，表示“结果”、“影响”或“效果”。

例如：The effect of the medicine was immediate.（这种药的效果立竿见影。

）The new policy had a positive effect on the economy.（新政策对经济产生了积极的影响。

）2. AffectAffect是Effect的动词形式，表示“影响”、“作用于”或“使受到影响”。

例如：The bad weather affected our travel plans.（恶劣的天气影响了我们的旅行计划。

）The teacher's words affected the student deeply.（老师的话深深地影响了学生。

）3. EffectiveEffective是Effect的形容词形式，表示“有效的”、“有成效的”或“起作用的”。

例如：The new strategy was very effective in increasing sales.（新战略在增加销售方面非常有效。

）The medicine was very effective in treating the disease.（这种药治疗这种病非常有效。

）4. EffectivenessEffectiveness是Effective的名词形式，表示“有效性”、“成效”或“功效”。

例如：The effectiveness of the new policy remains to be seen.（新政策的有效性还有待观察。

）The effectiveness of the medicine has been proven in clinical trials.（这种药的功效已在临床试验中得到证明。

工作效率的单词

工作效率的单词一、表示工作效率的基础单词1. Efficiency•读音：[ɪˈfɪʃnsi]。

•解释：这是最常用的表示效率的单词，指的是在完成任务时有效利用资源（如时间、精力等）的能力。

例如，“The new system has greatly improved the efficiency of our work.”（新系统极大地提高了我们的工作效率。

）•近义词：productivity（生产力，强调产出的数量和质量，与效率密切相关）；effectiveness（有效性，侧重于达成目标的能力，也是效率概念的一部分）。

•反义词：inefficiency（无效率，缺乏效率的状态）。

2. Productivity•读音：[ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti]。

•解释：主要指生产能力或生产率，可用于描述工作中单位时间内的产出量。

例如，“We need to increase our productivity to meet the market demand.”（我们需要提高生产率以满足市场需求。

）•近义词：efficiency（二者都与工作的成果和资源利用有关）；output（产出，与生产力概念相关）。

•反义词：unproductivity（非生产性，缺乏生产能力的状态）。

3. Effectiveness•读音：[ɪˌfekˈtɪvnəs]。

•解释：强调达成预期目标的能力，是工作效率的一个重要方面。

如果一项工作虽然速度快但没有达到目的，就缺乏有效性。

例如，“The effectivene ss of this marketing strategy is yet to be proven.”（这个营销策略的有效性还有待证明。

）•近义词：efficiency（效率高往往意味着有效性强）；success（成功，成功地达成目标与有效性概念相符）。

•反义词：ineffectiveness（无效性，不能达到目标的状态）。

efficacy 翻译

efficacy 翻译基本解释●efficacy：功效，效力●/ˈɛfɪkəsi/●n. 功效，效力具体用法●n.:o功效，效力o同义词：effectiveness, efficiency, potency, capability, performanceo反义词：ineffectiveness, inefficiency, impotence, incapability, failureo例句：●The efficacy of the new drug was proven in clinical trials,showing significant improvement in patient outcomes over aperiod of six months.●新药的功效在临床试验中得到了证明，显示出在六个月的时间内患者结果有显著改善。

●Researchers are conducting studies to determine the efficacyof the vaccine in preventing the spread of the virus among different age groups.●研究人员正在进行研究，以确定疫苗在不同年龄组中预防病毒传播的效力。

●The efficacy of the treatment was questioned after severalpatients reported no improvement in their symptoms.●在几位患者报告症状没有改善后，治疗的效力受到了质疑。

●The efficacy of the marketing campaign was evident in theincreased sales figures and brand recognition.●营销活动的效力在于销售数字的增加和品牌认知度的提高。

高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇

高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇姓名：学校：专业：学号：高考英语阅读理解常见重点词汇阅读理解一定要用词汇量做基础foundation=base基础foresee=predict预测electronic电子的electriclight通过电工作的electricalapplication与电有关的establish=build创办extinct=dieout灭绝enormous=vast=massive=huge巨大的monitor班长，监控，显示器elegant=graceful优雅的essential=vital/necessary重要的motivate/motivation=inspire/inspiration激发multiply乘,增加mysterious=puzzling神秘的erase=rub---out=wipe---away抹去endanger=causedamageto…危害negative/positive消极/积极enthusiasm/pessimism乐观/悲观facility=appliance设备impact=effect=influence影响efficient有效率的effective有效果的influential=prominent=powerful有影响力的 negotiate=discuss谈判investigate=inspect视察常见的重点词汇帮助考生理解答题gymnastics=gym体育馆nevertheless=however然而notepad=note=pad笔记本interval=break中场休息glory=spender辉煌，光荣nutrition营养intelligence智力diligence勤奋gallery画廊habitat栖息地habit习惯nursery=kindergarten幼儿园 observe观察，遵循，庆祝geometry几何学astronomy天文学generous/mean慷慨/小气intend/intention打算imitate=modelafter…模仿guilty/innocent无辜的insurance保险heritage=culturalrelics遗产 factor=aspect=part因素ingredient成分。

「有效的、有效率的」英文是efficient或effective？中文意思差异？

「有效的、有效率的」英文是efficient或effective？中文意
思差异？
你知道「有效的、有效率的」的英文是efficient 还是effective 呢？这两个英文单字是易混淆字，很多人常常会搞不清楚哪个单字是指有效率的，哪个单字则是指有效益的。

如果你还不知道这两个英文单字的差别，那就赶快学起来吧！
下面说明 efficient、 effective 的中文意思差异！
1.efficient 有效的、有效率的
efficient 的意思是指「有效的、有效率的」，efficient 是形容词。

至于「效率」的英文则叫做efficiency。

例： She was efficient and reliable. 她高效而可靠。

例： We offer a fast, friendly and efficient service. 我们提供快速，友好和高效的服务。

2. effective 有效益的、能产生预期结果的
effective 的意思是指「有效益的、能产生预期结果的」，effective 并不是指有效率，而是指有效益，能产生预期结果的效益。

例： Jenny is a very effective teacher. 珍妮课教得非常好。

例： Is that new plan effective? 这项新计划有效吗？
例：It’s an effective cure for a headache. 这是治疗头痛的有效方法。

effective, effective 中文, effective 意思, efficient, efficient 中文, efficient 意思, 有效率的英文, 有效的英文, 有效益的英文。

效果用英语怎么说

效果用英语怎么说效果是由某种动因或原因所产生的结果。

例句：模拟火车开动的音响效果很逼真。

那么你知道吗?下面来学习一下吧。

效果的英语说法1：effect效果的英语说法2：result效果的相关短语：效果律 Loi de l'effet ; Law of effect ; the law of effect ; law of effect间离效果 Distancing effect ; Effet de distanciation ; distancing effect ; defamiliarization特技效果 special effects ; trick ; effect chase ;治疗效果Treatment oute ; therapeutic effect ; Treatment effect ; therapeutic efficacy教学效果teaching effect ; teaching effectiveness ; the selection of teaching materials ; teaching results镜头效果 Lens Effects浮雕效果Emboss ; Bas Relief ; case WordArtEffectStyle.embos ... ent效果的英语例句：1. What will be the effect of the alliance between IBM and Apple?若IBM公司和苹果公司联手将会有什么效果呢?2. Slimming snacks that offer miraculous weight loss are a con.有神奇减肥效果的瘦身点心是一个骗局。

3. Adjust the aerial's position and direction for the best reception.调整天线的位置和方向以达到最佳接收效果。

effect的各种变形

effect的各种变形effect，这个单词在英语中可以作为名词和动词使用，意为“效果”、“影响”、“效力”等。

在日常生活和工作中，我们经常会用到这个单词，但是你知道吗？effect还有很多变形，例如effective、ineffective、effectively等。

本文将为大家介绍effect的各种变形及其用法。

一、effecteffect作为名词时，常用于描述某个事物所产生的结果或影响。

例如：1. The effect of the new policy will be felt by everyone in the company.新政策的影响将被公司中的每个人感受到。

2. The medicine had a positive effect on my health.这种药对我的健康有积极的影响。

effect作为动词时，常用于表示“产生影响”、“实现”等意义。

例如：1. The new policy will effect a change in the company's operation.新政策将对公司的运营产生变化。

2. The teacher's encouragement effected a positive change in the student's behavior.老师的鼓励使学生的行为发生了积极的变化。

二、effectiveeffective是effect的形容词形式，意为“有效的”、“实际的”等。

例如：1. The new system is more effective than the old one.新系统比旧系统更有效。

2. The company's effective use of social media has helped it reach a wider audience.公司有效地利用社交媒体帮助其触达更广泛的受众。

雅思写作词汇大汇总之E开头

雅思写作词汇大汇总之E开头2016-7-4 合肥思瑞雅思教育今天为大家收录了雅思写作中的一些高频词汇，希望在考试中能够帮助大家Eearn v.赚钱earth n.地球ease v.缓和easy adj.容易的eat v.吃e-book n.电子书economic adj.经济的economically adv.经济地economy n.经济education n.教育effect n.影响effectively adv.有效地efficiently adv.效率高地effort n.努力element n.因素emergency n.紧急情况emission n.排放emit v.排放employee n.员工employer n.老板employment n.雇佣endanger v.使...陷入危险(常用被动)enjoyable adj.愉快的enlarge v.扩大enormous adj.巨大的enormously adv.巨大地enough adj.足够的enrolment n.录取ensure v.确保entertain v.娱乐entertainment n.娱乐environment n.环境environmental adj.环境方面的equal adj.平等的，相同的equally adv.平等地，相同地era n.时代especially adv.尤其地essential adj.重要的establish v.建立ethnic n.种族even 甚至event n.事件ever-increasing adj.不断上涨的evident adj.明显的exceed v.超过exciting adj.兴奋的exist v.存在expand v.扩张expectation n.期待expenditure n.花费expensive adj.贵的experience n.经验、经历experiment n.实验experimentation n.实验expert n.专家export v.出口exposure n.暴露express v.表达extent n.程度extinct adj.灭绝的。