专题四 语法填空

语法填空主要是说明文和记叙文，材料词数均为200词左右。话题贴近考生生活，符合高中生的阅读水平，难度适中。短文设10个空，考查形式分为有提示词和无提示词两种，有提示词设空一般为7个，无提示词设空一般为3个。提示词多为实词，主要考查实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词)的词性转化和基本用法，如动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致；名词的数；形容词和副词的比较等级等。无提示词多考查虚词的用法，主要考查介词、冠词和连词等。考点分布均匀，除了强调句型、倒装句、省略句和情态动词等之外，基础和重点的语法项目都考查到了。语法填空命题规律主要体现在：

1．从句子结构及语法形式入手考查句子常识和基础语法，语篇中的句子结构和常见的语法形式是命题重点；

2．从词汇的本义、转义和前后缀的变化入手考查词性转化，词性转化以实词中的名词、动词、形容词、副词为主。

(2020·全国Ⅰ)

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—1.________(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken nding on the moon’s far side is 2.________(extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 3.________ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 4.________(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山), more so 5.________ the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard

Chang’e-4 6.____________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it

7.________________(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon

8.______________(construct)．” Data about the moon’s composition，such as how 9.________ ice and other treasures it contains，could help China decide whether 10.________(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.

1．答案touched

解析考查时态。句子主语是the unmanned Chang’e-4 probe，谓语动词是touch。根据时间状语last week可判断用一般过去时。touch down意为“(飞机等)降落，着陆”。

2．答案extremely

解析考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰形容词challenging应用extreme的副词形式extremely。

3．答案where

解析考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰a spot，且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

4．答案interest

解析考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。此处是“be of＋名词”结构，be of interest to sb.意为“对某人有吸引力”。

5．答案than

解析考查more...than...的用法。根据前面的比较级more可知，此处是将the far side of the moon和the familiar near side进行比较，故填than。

6．答案to find

解析考查非谓语动词(不定式)。use sth.to do sth.表示“用某物做某事”，不定式表示目的。7．答案means

解析考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

8．答案is constructed

解析考查时态和语态。整句话的时态为一般现在时，且the moon与construct(组成，构成)之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

9．答案much

解析考查how much的用法。此处意为“它含有多少冰和其他宝藏”，所填词修饰ice“冰”，是不可数名词，故用much。

10．答案its

解析考查代词。所填词修饰后面的plans，故填it的形容词性物主代词形式its。

(2020·全国Ⅱ)

Decorating with Plants，Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 1.________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers 2.________(carry) special significance.They represent the earth 3.________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：

Oranges：Orange trees are more 4.________ decoration；they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 5.________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

Bamboo：Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.6.________(certain) during the holiday period，this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 7.________ health，abundance and a happy home.They are easy 8.________(care) for and make great presents.

Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花)：The 9.________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 10.____ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)．They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.

语篇解读这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。

1．答案celebration

解析考查词性转换(动词变名词)。由空前的不定冠词a可知此处应填名词。