外研社高二英语动词的时态语态精讲教案

高二英语动词的时态语态专项练习外研社

【本讲教育信息】

一. 教学内容：

动词的时态语态专项练习

二. 重难点讲解：

动词的时态和语态

在接下来的时间里将给大家介绍一下动词的时态和语态。

到目前为止大家应该知道，动词共有16种时态和两种语态。

在时态方面，考题中主要涉及到其中的10种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、将来进行时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时。

1. 一般现在时：通常有六种用法，其中最重要的考点是：在时间或条件状语从句中表示将来的动作；安排或计划好的将来发生的动作。

如：1>. The train for Shanghai leaves at 11a.m and arrives at 11p.m.

2>. As soon as the manager comes back, I will tell him about it.

2. 一般过去时：关于该时态最主要请大家掌握它的概念：一个开始于过去结束于过去的动作，或存在的状态。记住这一点很重要，需要与现在完成时区分。

如：The other day she ran across an old friend in the street.

3. 一般将来时：除了用will + 动词原形表示该时态外，还有：

1> Be going to do sth：She is going to go abroad next year.

2> Be about to do sth：Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off.

3> Be to do sth：There is to be a class meeting this afternoon.

4. 现在进行时：除了众所周知的表正在进行动作外，还有如下特殊用法：

预计一个将要发生的动作；常与某些副词连用，表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶或不满。

如：1> How many of you are going to the party tonight.

2> The teacher is always criticizing us.

5. 现在完成时：这应该是五个基本时态中最令大家迷惑的一个。该时态分为已完成和未完成两种。常见的标志性的词有：since, for, already, so far, up to now, in the last few years, in the past three months etc.

如：1> He has lived here since he got married.

2> In the past two decades, research has expanded our knowledge about sleep and dreams.

3> In the last ten years great changes have taken place in China.

6. 过去将来时：只有一个考点：用于主句的谓语动词是过去时态的间接引语中，遵循时态呼应原则。

如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time.

7. 过去进行时：表示在过去的某个时刻发生的动作或某段时间内一直进行的动作。

如：1> At nine o’clock last night, I was counting the stars in the sky.

2> When the girl came in, the two dogs were fighting for a bone.

3> While I was preparing for the exam, the power was cut off.

8. 过去完成时：别名“过去的过去。”考题中对该时态的使用有要求，只有当句中有一个动作是过去时，才有可能用过去完成。

如：1> The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema.

2> By the time he was ten, he had built himself a chemistry lab.

9. 将来完成时：该时态只有一个考点，请大家注意与过去完成的区别：

如：By the time he is ten, he will have built himself a chemistry lab.

10. 现在完成进行时：表示现在以前一直发生的动作，强调动作在进行过程中的不间断，常有背景句作为铺垫。

如：—Y ou are all wet!

—Y es, I have been playing basketball all the morning.

语态：主要考察被动语态的用法。基本公式：主语+ be + 动词的过去分词。

还有一个要点大家需记住：只有及物动词才有被动语态。

除了大家熟悉的基本用法外，被动语态还有一些特殊用法，比如用主动的形式表达被动的概念，顾名思义，看起来是主动，实则为被动。

下面，我们将英文中常见的主动形式表被动含义的情况总结一下：

1> 动词read, sell, last, wash, write, lock等带状语,如well, easily时.

e.g.①This kind of cloth washes easily.（这种布好洗）

②The meeting lasted three hours.（会议持续了三个小时）

③My new pen writes well. （我的新钢笔好写）

2> 感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove等与形容词连用时.

e.g. ①Y ou look very well today.

②Y our bedroom smelt so terrible.

③My words proved right.

3> begin, end, stop, open, close等表示开，关，结束的含义时，及break out, take place, happen等动词表示爆发，发生概念时。

e.g. ①The library opens at ten.

②Class begins at half past eight.

③An earthquake took place in Tang Shan in 1976.

4> 某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式。

e.g. ①The question is easy to answer.

②His clothes are hard to wash.

③The fish is not fit to eat.

④He has an important meeting to attend.

【典型例题】

1. I can guess you were in a hurry. Y ou your sweater inside out.

A. had worn

B. wore