新编临床医学英语之欧阳家百创编
医学专业英语词汇大全之欧阳美创编
一、内科常用字汇心血管系统 The Cardiovascular SystemAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiog ram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arterioscleros is 动脉硬化Hypertension高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统The Hemic and Lymphatic SystemAdenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia 白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统The Respiratory System Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统The Digestive SystemShort of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentes is腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteriti s胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门廔管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症LiverCirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统The Endocrine SystemGlycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统The Nervous System Cerebral Arterioscleros is 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy 脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyograp hy 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis 痀偻症Rachioscoliios is脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射Sciatica坐骨神经痛Chorea 舞蹈症Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩Migraine 偏头痛Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症Brain Swelling 脑肿胀brain Concussion 脑震荡brain Anoxia脑缺氧症brain Death 脑死肌肉骨骼系统 The Musculoskeleta l System Anterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosi s关节硬化Degenerated Joint Disease 变性关节炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折PelvicFracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏MatastaticLesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Amputation 截肢Bone graft 骨移植Hallux Valgus 大拇指外翻Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术Range of Motion 运动范围Varus 内翻Chondromalacia 软骨软化症泌尿及男性生殖系统The Urinary and Male Reproductive SystemCystitis 膀胱炎Circumcision包皮环割术Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查Hydronephrosis 肾水肿Renal Stone 肾结石Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Spermatogenesi s精子生成BenignProstatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄Dysuria 排尿困难Hematuria血尿Uremia尿毒症Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染Vasoligation输精管结扎Impotence 阳萎特殊感觉器官 The Organs of Special Senses Audiometer 听力计Otitis耳炎Otorrhea耳漏Tympanitis中耳炎Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术Nasitis鼻炎Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物Intraocular pressure 眼内压Oculus Uterque 双眼OculusSinister 左眼Oculus Dexter 右眼ExtraocularMuscle 眼外肌Ophthalmologis t 眼科医师Diplopia 复视Myopia 近视Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂Corneitis 角膜炎Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落Visual field 视野Vocal nodular 声带结节Dermatologist 皮肤科医师Dermatitis皮肤炎Cataract白内障Glaucoma青光眼综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindicati on 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射Lipoma 脂肪瘤Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适Necrosis坏死Nocturia 夜尿症Ployuria 多尿Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴Endometriosis子宫内膜异位Ovary 卵巢Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿Ovulation排卵Vaginitis阴道炎Colposcopy 阴道镜检法Galactocele乳腺囊肿Mammography 乳房X光摄影术Infertility 不孕症InVitro Fertilization 体外受精Amnion 羊膜Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多Anterpartal 产前的Antepartum 分娩前ChorionicVilli Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination人工受精Engagement 进入产位Estrogen动情基素Colostrum 初乳Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎Laparoscope 腹腔镜Embryo 胚胎Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕Primipara 初产妇Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中Multipara 经产妇Parity 经产PlacentaPrevia前置胎盘Postpartum 产後Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期Basal Body Temperature 基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产Expected Date of Confinement 预产期Fallopian Tube 输卵管Forceps 产钳Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块Labor Pain阵痛Painless Labor 无痛分娩Molding胎头变形Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素Stillbrith死产Suture 缝合Stump残物Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血三、小儿科常用字汇Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematom a头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus 水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteriti s肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis 坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒GermanMeasles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B 型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐四、精神科常用字汇Mental retardation 智能不足autism自闭症dement 痴呆症alzheimer's dementia阿尔茲海默式形痴呆症alcoholism 酒瘾substances Intoxication 物质中毒alcohol Intoxication 酒精中毒amphetamine Intoxication 安非他命中毒schizophrenia 精神分裂病delusional Disorder 妄想性病患Major Depressive Disorder重郁症疾患phobia畏惧症obsessive-Compulsive Disorder强迫性病患pedophilia恋童癖exhibitionism 暴露狂Transvestic Fetishism扮异性恋物癖GenderIdentity Disorders 性别认同疾患Anorexia Nervosa心因性厌食症Bulimia Nervosa心因性暴食症临床症状blunted affect 感情迟钝silly Laughter 傻笑apathy冷漠irritable 易怒的euphoria欣快感depression 忧郁ambivalence感情矛盾Flat Affect感情平淡suicideattempt 自杀企图queer behavior 怪异行为bizarre behavior 特异行为hypertalkative 多话hypotalkative 少话mutistic不语hyperactivity 活动过多hypoactivity 活动过少compulsive behavior 强迫行为verbigeration 重复语言catelepsy 僵直negativism阻抗行动Mannerism作态行为destrctive behavior 破坏行为autistic thinking 自闭性思考poverty of speech 言语贫乏flight of ideas 意念飞跃loosening of association 思考连结松散illogical thinking 不合逻辑思考pressure speech 言语急迫thought blocking 思考中断incoherent 语无伦次thought Withdrawal 思想退缩irrelevant 答非所问delusion 妄想delusion ofpersecution 被害妄想delusion of grandeur 夸大妄想Phobia 恐惧症acrophobia 惧高症algophobia 惧痛症sexual drive 性欲illusion 错觉hallucination 幻觉auditory hallucination 听幻觉disoreinatatio n 失去定向力amnesia记忆丧失症confabulation 虚谈症orientation 定向力judgement 判断力derealization 失真感insight病识感no insight 无病识感intellectual insight 理性的病识感true emotional insight 真正具有情绪性病识感心理学名词free association 自由联想dream analysis 梦的解析ego 自我id 原我super ego 超我ego boundary 自我界限libido 原欲scapegoat 代罪羔羊internal conflict 内在冲突conscious 意识unconscious 潜意识preconscious前意识transference 情感转移depersonalizat ion 人格解体derealization 脱离现实neurosis神经精神病Psychosis神经病Pleasure Principle 享乐原则Reality Principle 现实原则MoralPrinciple 道德原则Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation补偿作用conversion 转化作用denial 否认作用displacement 转移作用dissociation 解离作用fantasy 幻想作用identification 认同作用introjection 内射作用projection 外射作用retionalizatio n 合理化作用reaction formation 反向作用degression 退化作用repression 潜抑作用suppression 压抑作用restitution 归还作用sublimation 升华作用substitution 取代作用symbolism 象徵作用undoing 抵销作用distortion 曲解作用isolation 隔离作用Cognitive behavioral Therapy认知行为治疗Empathy 同理心Resistance阻抗testing out behavior 试探行为self-awareness 自我了解separation anxiety 分离焦虑reinforcement 增强原则catharsis 情绪宣泄confrontation 面质listen 倾听restraint 约束physical restraint 身体的约束chemical 药物的约束五、各科常用缩写AAAD against-advice discharge 自动出院A abdomen 腹部ADL activities of daily life 日常生活活动A/G albumin /globulinration 白蛋白/蛋球白比例AK above knee 膝上B.BE below elbow 肘下BH bodyheight 身高b.i.d twice a day 一日两次Bil bilateral 两侧的BK below knee 膝下BM bowel movement 肠蠕动BMR basal metabolic rate 基础代谢率BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy良性摄护腺肥大BTI biliary tractinfection胆道感染BUS blood, urine, stool 血液,小便,大便BW body weight 体重C.Ca. Carcinoma 癌CBC completeblood count 全血球计数CBD common bile duct 总胆管CH cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血Chest P-A chestposterio-anterio 前後胸部CO cardiac output 心输出量CPR cardiopulmonar yresuscitation 心肺复苏术CPS chronic paranasal sinusitis 慢性鼻窦炎C/T chemotherapy化学治疗法CT cerebral thrombosis 脑栓塞CT Scan computerized axial tomography scan 电脑断层检查CVA cerebral vascular accident 脑血管意外CVP central venouspressure 中心静脉压D.DC discontinue 停止D&C dilatation and curettage 扩张及刮除术DM diabetes mellitus 糖尿病DPT diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus 白喉,百日咳,破伤风DU duodenal ulcer 十二指肠溃伤E.ECG eletrocardiogr am 心电图EEG electroecephal ogram 脑电波图ENT ear, nose, throat 耳鼻喉F.FH family history 家族史FHS fetal heart sounds 胎心音FOU fever of unknown 不明原因发烧Fr fracture 骨折G.GB gall bladder 胆囊GI tract gastric intestinaltract 胃肠道GSR general surgicalroutine 一般外科常规gtt. Drops 滴GU genitourinary 生殖泌尿的GYN gynecology 妇科学HHb hemoglobi n 血色素HICH hyperte nsive intracerebral hemorrhage 高血压性脑内出血h.s. at bedtime 睡前HT Hypertension高血压Ht. (Hct.) Hematocrit 血球容积Hx History 病例IICP Intermit tent catheterization program 间歇性导尿ICU Intensive care unit 加护病房ICT Intracerebral tumor脑内肿瘤I & D Incision and drainage 切开及流IICP Increased intracranial pressure 增高胪内压Imp. Impression 臆断IM Intramuscular 肌肉内的I & O Intake and output 输入及排出IV Intravenous 静脉内的IVKO Intravenous keep open 静脉点滴维持通畅JJej. Jejunum 空肠Jt. Joint 关节KKn. Knee 膝KUB Kidney, ureter,baldder 肾、输尿管及膀胱L.LFT liver function test 肝功能试验LLQ left lower quadrant 左下象限LMP last menstrual period 最後一次月经MMBD may be discharged 可出院MN midnight 午夜NNKA non known allergy 不明原因的过敏NP nothing particular 并无特别的NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌NPO nothing by mouth 禁食O.OA osteo-arthritis 骨性关节炎OB occult blood 潜血OBS obstetrics 产科OP operation 手术OPD outpatient department 门诊Ortho. Orthopaedic 骨科矫行的OS ocular sinistro 左眼OToccupationaltherapy 职能治疗OU Both eyes 双眼Pp.c. after meals 饭後PCT Penicillin test 盘尼西林测验PE Physical examination 身体检查PI Present illness 目前病况p.o. by mouth 由口PPU Perforat ed petic ulcer 穿孔性胃溃疡PT Physical therapy 物理治疗PTA Prior to admission 入院前PTN Parenteral totalnutrition 肠道外的高营养QQ every 每一q.d. every day 每日q.h every hour 每小时q.i.d. four times a day 每日四次q.m. every morning 每日早晨q.n. every night 每日晚间RRA rheumatoi d a arthritis 类风湿性关节炎RBC red blood cell 红血球RN registere d nurse 护理师R/O rule out 可能是RR recovery room 恢复室R/T radio-therapy test 放射治疗RUQ right upper quadrant 右上象限Rx take取拿Med ication 处方Tre atment 治疗SSc. Subcutan eous 皮下的SOB short of breath 呼吸短促SP.g.r. spec ific gravity 比重S/P status/ post operation 手术後s-s half 一半St(stat) imm ediately 立刻Staph. Staph ylococcus 葡萄球菌Tt.i.d. Three times a day 每日三次TPR Temperat ure, pulse, respirations体温、脉搏、呼吸TURP Trans -urethral resection of prostate 经尿道切除摄护腺UURI Upper respiratory infection 上呼吸道感染WWBC White blood cell 白血球White blood count 白血球计数YY/O year old 年龄Z zero 零六、解剖式内外科常用字汇The cardiovascular system 心血管系统lungs 肺脏venisvessels血管capillaries微血管cardi 心脏arteriesblood clot凝血The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液Red blood cell 红血球White blood cell白血球Platelet血小板TheRespiratory System 呼吸系统Bronchial tube 主支气管Alveoii气泡Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Lung肺Bronchioles小支气管Pleura胸膜Chest 胸Air 气The Digestive System 消化系统Lips唇teeth 牙齿tongue舌bile duct 胆管gallbladder 胆囊duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠appendix 阑尾smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠rectum 直肠anus 肛门pancreas胰stomach 胃esophagus食道pharynx咽The Endocrine SystemGlands 腺体Adrenals肾上腺Pancreas胰Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房Ovaries 卵巢Testes睾丸The Nervous SystemBrain 脑Spinal cord 脊髓Vertebra脊椎Cranium颅腔Meninges脑膜Nerves神经The Musculoskeleta l System 肌肉骨系统Skull 头骨Clavicle锁骨Sternum 胸骨Ribs 助骨Joints 关节Ligaments 韧带Tendons 肌腱Cartilage 软骨The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统Cortex皮质Urinary膀胱Urethra尿道Ureters输尿管Kidney 肾脏Renal pelvis 肾孟Vas deferens精管Urinarybladder 膀胱prostate gland 前列腺scrotum 阴囊testis 睾丸penis阴茎urethra尿道The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve 听神经Ear 耳朵Hearing 听觉的tube 耳咽管Eardrum 耳骨膜Eustachian 欧式管Nasal cavities 鼻腔Nose 鼻Eyelid眼睑Lens晶球体Carnea角膜Tear duct泪管Conjunctiva结膜Choroid layer 脉络膜Retina视网膜Sclera巩膜Optic nerve视神经Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇。
新编临床医学英语之欧阳理创编
第1期:病患的问题与诉求Unit 1 Text A Internal Medicine and Today's Internis t第1单元文章A 内科与内科医生Questions/Pleas of the Patient病患的问题与诉求How can I find a good doctor?"我如何找到一位良医？How can I find a good doctor whom I can afford?"如何能够碰到一位价格亲民的医生？How can I find a good doctor who cares about me as a pe rson?〃又如何能够遇见一位把我当成“人”看待的医生？How can I find a good doctor who will take the time to li sten and understand?"如何找到一位能够花时间倾听我的诉说，了解我的名医？People who need medical care ask these questions throug hout the world every day.每天，全球有许多病患都在询问这些问题。
They ask them because they face a health care system tha t is scientifically complex,organizationally overloaded, and generally not oriented t o the patient as a person.他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。
When an individual first becomes ill, regardless of the sy mptoms, he or she needs mostsomeone who seems to say,如果有人生了病，不管症状如何，他们最希望听到的是："I am a good doctor；I charge a reasonable amount for my services；I care about you，thepatient and I will take the time to listen and understand. "“我是医生；我只收取亲民价格，我关心病患，我将倾听你的诉求，理解你。
D-二聚体的检测及临床意义之欧阳家百创编
欧阳家百创编D-二聚体的检测及临床意义欧阳家百（2021.03.07）近年由于血栓性疾病的增多，检验医学即时检验(POCT)在免疫测定技术方面，特别是在出凝血和血栓性疾病的研究上取得了重大的进展。
D-二聚体的检测方法，从传统的定性试验，变为简单快速准确定量的即时检验。
金标全定量快速检测对于血栓性疾病的及时准确欧阳家百创编欧阳家百创编诊断、以及对溶栓治疗的疗效监测，是必不可少的重要指标。
一、D-二聚体的形成正常人纤溶酶和抑制酶之间保持了动态平衡，使血液循环能正常进行。
人体内的纤溶系统，对保持血管壁的正常通透性；维持血液的流动状态和组织修复，起着重要作用。
为维护正常生理状态，在外伤或血管受损的情况下，血栓的形成可防止血液从损伤的血管中流失。
欧阳家百创编欧阳家百创编病理状态下，机体发生凝血时，凝血酶作用于纤维蛋白，转变为交联纤维蛋白，同时纤溶系统被激活，降解纤维蛋白形成各种碎片。
γ链能把二个含D片断的碎片连接起来，形成D-二聚体。
D-二聚体水平的上升，代表血块在血管循环系统中形成，急性血栓形成的一个敏感的标记物。
但不具特异性;下列因素如外科手术、创伤、感染、发炎、怀孕、产后等，也会导致凝血酶的产生使D-D水平的上升。
欧阳家百创编欧阳家百创编D-二聚体的升高反映了体内存在着凝血及纤溶活性增强的重要分子标志物。
因此它既可反映体内存在着血栓或继续形成的状况，又可反映体内纤溶活性增强的指标，因为纤维蛋白降解产物中，唯有D-二聚体可反映血栓形成后的溶栓活性，对于临床血栓性疾病的诊断和溶栓治疗有着极其重要的价值。
二、D-二聚体检测的方法学的进展1、三P试验：FDP碎片X和可溶性纤维蛋白单体FM复欧阳家百创编欧阳家百创编合物的定性试验。
缺点：敏感性差，DIC阳性率30-60%，试验时间长，干扰因素多，采血不顺，溶血均可影响结果，只能定性不能定量。
2、胶乳凝集法：简单快速缺点：敏感性低，定性或定量倍比稀释，费试剂，重复性差。
雅思阅读真题之欧阳家百创编
The SpectacularEruptionofMountSt. Helens欧阳家百（2021.03.07）A The eruption in May 1980 of Mount St. Helens, Washington State, astounded the world withits violence. A gigantic explosion tore much of the volcano's summit to fragments; the energyreleased was equal to that of 500 of the nuclear bombs that destroyed Hiroshima in 1945.B The event occurred along the boundary of two of the moving plates that make up the Earth'scrust. They meet at the junction of the North American continent and the Pacific Ocean. Oneedge of the continental North American plate over-rides the oceanic Juan de Fuca micro-plate,producing the volcanic Cascade range that includes Mounts Baker, Rainier and Hood, and LassenPeak as well as Mount St. Helens.C Until Mount St. Helens began to stir, only Mount Baker and Lassen Peak had shown signs oflife during the 20th century. According to geological evidence found by the United StatesGeological Survey, there had been two major eruptions of Mount St. Helens in the recent(geologically speaking)past: around 1900 B.C., and about A.D. 1500. Since the arrival ofEuropeans in the region, it had experienced a single period of spasmodic activity, between 1831and 1857. Then, for more than a century, Mount St. Helens lay dormant.D By 1979, the Geological Survey, alerted by signs of renewed activity, had been monitoringthe volcano for 18 months. It warned the local population against being deceived by themountain's outward calm, and forecast that an eruption would take place before the end of thecentury. The inhabitants of the area did not have to wait that long. On March 27, 1980,a fewclouds of smoke formed above the summit , and slight tremors were felt. On the 28th, larger anddarker clouds,. consisting of gas and ashes,. emerged and climbed as high as 20,000 feet. In Aprila slight lull ensued, but the volcanologists remained pessimistic. The, in early May, the northernflank of the mountain bulged, and the summit rose by 500 feet.E Steps were taken to evacuate the population. Most- campers, hikers, timbercuttersleft theslopes of the mountain. Eighty-four-year-old Harry Truman, a holiday lodge owner who had livedthere for more than 50 years, refused to be evacuated, in spite of official and public, including anentire class of school children, wrote to him, begging him to leave. He never did.F On May 18, at 8.32 in the morning, Mount St. Helens blew its top. literally. Suddenly, it was1300 feet shorter than it had been before its growth had begun. Over half a cubic mile of rock haddisintegrated . At the same moment, an earthquake with an intensity of 5 on the Richter scale wasrecorded. It triggered an avalanche of snow and ice. mixed with hot rock-the entire north face ofthe mountain had fallen away. A wave of scorching volcanic gas and rock fragments shothorizontally from the volcano's riven flank, at an inescapable 200 miles per hour. As the slidingice and snow melted, it touched off devastating torrents of mud and debris, which destroyed alllife in their path. Pulverised, which destroyed all life in their path.Pulverised rock climbed as adust cloud into the atmosphere. Finally, viscous lava, accompanied by burning clouds of ash andgas, welled out of volcano's new crater, and from lesser vents and cracks in its flanks.G Afterwards, scientists were able to analyse the sequence of events. First, magmamoltenrock-at temperatures above 2000oF. had surged into the volcano from the Earth's mantle. Thebuild-up was accompanied by an accumulation of gas, which increased as the mass of magmagrew. It was the pressure inside the mountain that made it swell. Next, the rise in gas pressurecaused a violent decompression. Which ejected the shattered summit like a cork from a shakensoda bottle. With the summit gone, the molten rock within was released in a jet of gas andfragmented magma, and lava welled from the crater.H The effects of the Mount St. Helens eruption were catastrophic. Almost all the trees of thesurrounding forest, mainly Douglas firs. were flattened. and their branches and bark ripped off bythe shock wave of the explosion. Ash and mud spread over nearly 200square miles of country. Allthe towns and settlements in the area were smothered in an even coating of ash. Volcanic ash siltedup the Columbia River 35 miles away, reducing the debris that accumulated at the foot of thevolcano reached a depth. in places, of 200 feet.I The eruption of Mount St. Helens was one of the most closely observed and analysed inhistory. Because geologists had been expecting the event, they were able to amass vast amounts oftechnical data when it happened. Study of atmospheric particles formed as a result of theexplosion showed that droplets of sulphuric acid, acting as a screen between the Sun and theEarth's surface, caused a distinct drop in temperature. There is no doubt that the activity of MountSt. Helens and other volcanoes since 1980 has influenced our climate . Even so, it has beencalculated that the quantity of dust ejected by Mount St. Helens - a quarter of a cubic mile- wasnegligible in comparison with that thrown out by earlier eruptions, such as that of Mount Katmaiin Alaska in 1912 (three cubic miles). The volcano is still active. Lavadomes have formed insidethe new crater, and have periodically burst. The threat of Mount St Helens lives on..Questions 1 and 2Answer questions 1 and 2 by writing the appropriate letter A-I inboxes 1 and 2 on your answersheet.Example AnswerWhich paragraph compares the eruption to the energy Areleased by nuclear bomb?1. Which paragraph describes the evacuation of the mountain?2. Which paragraph describes the moment of the explosion of Mount St. Helens?Questions 3 and 43. What are the dates of the TWO major eruptions of Mount St. Helens before 1980?Write TWO dates in box 3 on your answer sheet.4 How do scientists know that the volcano exploded around the two dates above?Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS , write your answer in box 4 on your answersheetQuestions 5-8Complete the summary of events below leading up to the eruption of Mount St. Helens. ChooseNO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.W rite your answers in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.In 1979 the Geological Survey warned ... (5) ... to expect a violent eruption before the end of thecentury. The forecast was soon proved accurate. At the end of March there were tremors andclouds formed above the mountain. This was followed by a lull, but in early May the top of themountain rose by ... (6)... . People were ...(7) ... from around the mountain. Finally, on May 18that ...(8) ..., Mount St. Helens exploded.Question 9 and 10Complete the table below giving evidence for the power of the Mount St. Helens eruption.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.Item Equivalent toExampleThe energy released by the explosion ofMount St. HelensAnswer500 nuclear bombsThe area of land covered in mud or ash ...(9)...The quantity of dust ejected ...(10)...Question 11Choose the appropriate letter A-D and write it in box 11 one your answer sheet.11. According to the text the eruption of Mount St. Helens and other volcanoes has influenced ourclimate by ...A increasing the amount of rainfall.B heating the atmosphere.C cooling the air temperature.D causing atmospheric storms.READING PASSAGE 2Questions 12-16Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs A-G.Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below.Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.NB There are more headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them.You may use any of the headings more than once.List of Headings(i) The effect of changing demographics on organisations(ii) Future changes in the European workforce(iii) The unstructured interview and its validity(iv) The person-skills match approach to selection(v) The implications of a poor person-environment fit(vi) Some poor selection decisions(vii) The validity of selection procedures(viii) The person-environment fit(ix) Past and future demographic changes in Europe(x) Adequate and inadequate explanations of organisational failure Example Paragraph A Answer (x)12. Paragraph B13. Paragraph C14. Paragraph D15. Paragraph E16. Paragraph GPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 Britishcompanies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionallyundertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguablyorganisations do fail because ofundercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely,organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen oftenunderperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainmentof organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet andthe "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs.A more completeexplanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisationactually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, ispeople.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for thejob involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational andprofessional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who ismost likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have theability and predisposition toacquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in aparticular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, withother employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of theorganisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992).Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience toworking in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout £20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oilrig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss oflife. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low jobsatisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress,which affect organisationaloutcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e.physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticatedand more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests,assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis ofa single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selectiondecision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, theinterviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject"decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that theunstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poorpredictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods likegraphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,!recruitment becomes a "buyer'smarket" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economictrends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, Thebirth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacementof the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeanswill be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% ofall women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% ofmen.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make itincreasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be moreresponsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain anddevelop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from homeor job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting andretaining staff in the future.Questions 17-22Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 17. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.18. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.19. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.20. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.21. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.22. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smallerthan now.Questions 23-25Complete the notes below with words taken from Reading Passage 2. Use NO MORE THANONE or TWO WORDS for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet. READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-38 which are based on Reading Passage 3on pages 9 and 10."The Rollfilm Revolution"The introduction of the dry plate process brought with it many advantages. Not only was it muchmore convenient, so that the photographer no longer needed to prepare his material in advance,but its much greater sensitivity made possible a new generation of cameras. Instantaneousexposures had been possible before, but only with some difficulty and with special equipment andconditions. Now, exposures short enough to permit the camera to the held in the hand were easilyachieved. As well as fitting shutters and viewfinders to their conventional stand cameras,manufacturers began to construct smaller cameras in tended specifically for hand use.One of the first designs to be published was Thomas Bolas' s 'Detective' camera of 1881.Externally a plain box, quite unlike the folding bellows camera typical of the period, it could beused unobtrusively. The name caught on, and for the next decade or so almost all hand cameralwere called ' Detectives', Many. of the new designs in the 1880s were for magazine cameras, inwhich a number of dry plates could be pre-loaded and changed one after another followingexposure. Although much more convenient than stand cameras, still used by most serious workers,magazine plate cameras were heavy, and required access to a darkroom for loading andprocessing the plates. This was all changed by a young American bank clerk turned photographicmanufacturer, George Eastman, from Rochester, New York. Eastman had begun to manufacture gelatine dry plates in 1880. being one of the first to do so inAmerica. He soon looked for ways of simplifying photography, believing that many people wereput off by the complication and messiness. His first step was to develop, wih the cameramanufacturer William H. Walker, a holder for a long roll of paper negative 'film'. This could befitted to a standard plate camera and up to forty-eight exposures made before reloading. Thecombined weight of the paper roll and the holder was far less than the same number of glassplates in their ling-tight wooden holders. Although roll-holders had been made as early as the1850s, none had been very successful be cause of the limitations of the photographic materialsthen available. Eastman's rollable paper film was sensitive and gave negatives of good quality;the Eastman-Walker roll-holder was a great success.The next step was to combine the roll-holder with a small hand camera; Eastman's first designwas patented with an employee, F. M. Cossitt, in 1886. It was not a success. Only fifty Eastmandetective cameras were made, and they were sold as a lot to a dealer in 1887; the cost was toohigh and the design too complicated. Eastman set about developing a new model, which waslaunched in June 1888. It was a small box, containing a roll of paperbased stripping filmsufficient for 100 circular exposures 6 cm in diameter. Its operation was simple: set the shutter bypulling a wire string; aim the camera using the V line impression in the camera top; press therelease botton to activate the exposure; and turn a special key to wind to the film. A hundredexposures had to be made, so it was important to record each picture in the memorandum bookprovided, since there was no exposure counter. Eastman gave his camera the invented name'Kodak'-which was easily pronounceable in most languages. and had two Ks which Eastman feltwas a firm, uncompromising kind of letter.The importance of Eastman's new roll-film camera was not that it was the first. There had beenseveral earlier cameras, notably the Stirn 'America', first demonstrated in the spring of 1887 andon sale from early 1888. This also used a roll of negative paper, and had such refinements as areflecting viewfinder and an ingenious exposure marker. The real significance of the first Kodakcamera was that it was backed up by a developing and printing service. Hitherto ,virtually allphotographers developed and printed their own pictures. This required that facilities of adarkroom and the time and inclination to handle the necessary chemicals, make the prints and soon. Eastman recognized that not everyone had the resources or the desire to do this. When acustomer had made a hundred exposures in the Kodak camera, he sent it to Eastman's factory inRochester (or later in Harrow in England) where the film was unloaded, processed and printed,the camera reloaded and returned to the owner. "You Press the Button, We Do the Rest" ranEastman's classic marketing slogan; photography had been brought to everyone. Everyone, that is,who could afford $ 25 or five guineas for the camera and $ 10 or two guineas for the developingand printing . A guinea ( $ 5 ) was a week's wages for many at the time, so this simple camera costthe equivalent of hundreds of dollars today.In 1889 an improved model with a new shutter design was introduced, and it was called the No. 2Kodak camera. The paper-based stripping film was complicated to manipulate, since theprocessed negative image had to be stripped from the paper base for printing. At the end of 1889Eastman launched a new roll film on a celluloid base. Clear, tough, transparent and flexible, thenew film not only made the rollfilm camera fully practical, but provided the raw material for theintroduction of cinematography a few years later. Other, larger models were introduced, includingseveral folding versions, one of which took pictures 21.6 cm x 16.5 cm in size. Othermanufacturers in America and Europe introduced cameras to take the Kodak roll-films, and otherfirms began to offer developing and printing services for the benefit of the new breed ofPhotographers.By September 1889 , over 5,000 Kodak cameras had been sold in the USA, and the company wasdaily printing 6-7,000 negatives, Holidays and special events created enormous surges in demandfor processing: 900 Kodak users returned their cameras for processing and reloading in the weekafter the New York centennial celebration.Questions 26-29Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 26-29 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does agree with the writerNOTGIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 26. Before the dry plate process short exposures could only b achieved with cameras held inthe hand.27. Stirn's America' camera lacked Kodak's developing service.28. The first Kodak film cost the equivalent of a week's wages to develop.29. Some of Eastman's 1891 range of cameras could be loaded in daylight.Questions 30-34Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 30-34 on your answer sheet. Questions 35-38Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREEWORDS from the passage foreach answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-38 on your answer sheet.。
医院科室牌标牌中英文对照表之欧阳与创编
医院科室牌标牌中英文对照表病房楼楼层总索引Layout of Inpatient Building大厅Lobby卫事中心Patient-aid center小卖部Buffet出院病人领取费用清单List of expenses for discharged patients普通病人出院结帐Check-out for common discharged patients住院登记收费Check-in for inpatients医保社保出院结帐Check-out for patients with medical / social insurance病区药房Ward dispensary输血科Transfusion section急诊化验Emergency lab急诊手术室Emergency operating theatre门诊手术室Clinic operating theatre出入院病人接待处Reception of inpatients（二病区）重症监护ICU ( Area 2 )外科示教室Surgery demo room妇科示教室Gynecology demo room仓库Warehouse特殊感染病室Special infection diseases主任办公室Director office治疗室Therapeutic room护士长办公室Head nurse office医生办公室Doctor office护士站Nurse station（三病区）儿科Pediatrics Dept (Area 3)电脑中心Computer center更衣室Change room儿科教研室Pediatrics teaching & research section 婴儿洗澡间Infant bathroom新生婴儿监护室Neonatuswardship新生婴儿室Neonatus room重症室ICU诊疗室Consulting room（四病区）产科Obstetrical Dept (Area 4)机房Machine room婴儿抚触中心Infant-stroking center（五病区）产房Obstetrical Ward (Area 5)分娩室Delivery room隔离分娩室Isolation delivery room陪伴分娩室（一）Delivery room with companion (1)陪伴分娩室（二）Delivery room with companion (2)护士值班室Nurse on duty医生值班室Doctor on duty单床间Single-bed room（六病区）妇科Gynecology ( Area 6)妇科教研室Gynecology teaching and research section换药室Dressing room(七病区）骨科Orthopedics Dept ( Area 7)（八病区）普外（肝、胆、胰、肛肠）科General Surgical Dept (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Anorectum (Area 8)外科教研室Surgery teaching & research section（九病区）心胸（肿瘤）外科Cardiothoracic Surgery (Tumor) ( Area 9)（十病区）普外（泌尿）科General Surgical Dept (Urinary system) (Area 10)（十一病区）耳鼻咽喉科、眼科、口腔科( Area 11)E.N.T. Dept, Ophthalmology Dept, Stomatology Dept眼科暗房Ophthalmological dark room（十二病区）神经外科Surgical Dept of Neurology (Area 12)麻醉科Anesthesiology dept示教室Demo room麻醉医生办公室Office of anesthesia doctor医生休息室Doctor rest room女更衣室Change room (F)男更衣室Change room (M)有菌手术室Non aseptic operating theatre手术取材室Operation material room麻醉器械储藏室Storeroom of anesthesia instrument非限制区Unrestricted area半限制区Semi-restricted area换鞋处Shoe-changing配电室Distribution room手术室Operating theatre石膏房Gypsum room手术准备室Operation preparation清洗间Cleaning room麻醉准备室Anesthesia preparation麻醉器械室Anesthesia instrument room 限制区Restricted area精密仪器室Precision instrument room 无菌室Asepsis room护士登记室Nurse registration room复苏室Anabiosis room麻醉清洗消毒室Anesthesia cleaning and sterilizing room等候室Waiting room存放间Storage room后勤楼楼层分布Layout of Logistic Building病案统计室Medical record statistics room图书室Library后勤服务管理中心Logistic service and management center设备科Equipment section工程维修部Engineering maintenance dept基建科Capital construction section供应服务部Supply service dept实习生值班室（1）Probationer night shift room (1)门诊楼楼层总索引Layout of Outpatient Building本层科室分布Layout of sections开水间Boiled water检验科Laboratory section抽血化验Blood test门诊药房Clinic dispensary大小便、白带化验Test of stool, urine, leukorrhea药房Dispensary体液实验室Humoral lab放射影像科Radio & Image dept放射科登记处X-ray registration放射科X-ray dept摄片2 (X-ray 2)挂号收费Registration charging内科（二）Internal medicine dept ( 2 )门诊办公室Outpatient office老干部门诊Veteran carder clinic老年专科Special section of geriatric diseases糖尿病专科Diabets special section内科专家门诊1 Expert clinic of internal medicine ( 1 )专家门诊Expert clinic专科门诊Clinic of special section高血压专科Hypertension special sectionC T 室CT room换药室Dressing room肛肠科Anorectum section肝胆专科专家门诊Expert clinic of liver and gallbladder section骨科Orthopedics dept腰腿痛专科Lumbago & Skelalgia special section 脑外科Cerebral surgery疼痛专科Special section of pains普外科General surgical dept皮肤科Dermatology dept性病专科Special section of VD儿科专家门诊Expert clinic of pediatrics儿科Pediatrics dept中药房TCM dispensary耳鼻咽喉专家门诊Expert clinic of E.N.T耳鼻咽喉科E.N.T. dept中医科TCM dept眼科检查室(眼电生理) Ophthalmology check room (EOG)眼科专家门诊Ophthalmologic expert clinic煎药室Herb decocting room眼科治疗室Therapeutic room of ophthalmology眼科检查室（眼压验光视野）Examination room of ophthalmology (intraocular tension, optometry, visual field)声阻抗室Acoustic impedance room电测听室Electrometric hearing test助听器选配室Hearing aid selection眼科诊室(常规诊室) Ophthalmology clinic (Routineclinic)宣教室Publicizing and education胸外肿瘤专科Special section of thoracic tumor皮肤性病科专家门诊Expert clinic of dermatosis and VD 人流室Induced Abortion Room介入门诊Intervention clinic妇产科专家门诊Expert clinic of gynecology & obstetrics 高危妊娠门诊High-danger pregnancy clinic妇产科Gynecology & obstetrics dept仓库Warehouse心室晚电位Ventricle late potential动态血压Dynamic blood pressure动态心电图室Dynamic ECG心向量Vectorcardiogram心电图室ECG room心电图科ECG section超声科Ultrasonographic section彩色B超Color B-Ultrasonography理疗推拿科Physical therapy & manipulation section儿科示教室Demo room of pediatrics盆腔炎治疗室Therapeutic room of PID儿童生长发育门诊Children growth clinic急诊B超Emergency B-Ultrasonography胃镜肠镜预约窗口Reservation of gastroscope and enteroscope examination脑电图Electroemcephalogram (缩写EEG)脑地形图Emcepholo topography红外线乳腺诊断室Infrared light diagnosis of glandulamammaria颅脑超声CraniocerebralUltrasonographic examination消化科Digestion section心理测验室Psychological test room专家门诊Expert clinic心理咨询科Psychological consult section中西医结合Combination of TCM and Western medicine 病理科Pathologic section细胞学室Cytology room技术室Technical room 免疫组化室Immunohistochemistry room档案室Archives room巨检室Gross examination room诊断室Diagnosis room口腔科Stomatology dept胃镜肠镜检查室Gastroscope and enteroscope examination康复科Rehabilitation section碎石科Lithotriptic section输液室Infusion room化液室Infusion preparation泌尿外科Urologic surgery dept肌注皮试Intracutaneous test of intramuscular injection 小儿输液室Children's infusion room成人输液室Adults' infusion room针灸推拿Acupuncture & manipulation生活皮肤美容Skin beauty腰突症Protrasion of the lumbar intervertebral disci保健按摩Healthcare massage针炙减肥Acupuncture weight-reducing医保办Medical insurance office放免实验室Radioimmunoassay room防保科Prophylactic section院感科Section of inner infection prevention医学美容Medical cosmetology微生物实验室Microbioloy Laboratory room检验医学中心Clinical laboratory medicine center HIV实验室HIV Laboratory room血液学实验室Haematology Laboratory room主任办公室The office director免疫学实验室Lmmunology Laboratory room 生物化学实验室Biochemistry Laboratory room 档案库房Archives storeroom信息科Information section综合档案室Comprehensive archives room临床系办公室Clinic dept office文印室typing and printing room护理部Nursing department科教科Scientific education section院办公室Hospital office书记室Secretary office人事科Personnel section院长室President office副院长室Vice president office会议室Meeting room医务科Section of medical affairs保安部Security dept顾问室Consultant office医疗服务质量监控办公室Medical service supervision office教室Class room出纳室Paybox会计室Accounting house核算办Accounting office工会Trade union医疗纠纷接侍室Reception of medical disputes财务科长室Finance section chief外科病房楼楼层总索引Layout of Inpatient Building of Internal Medicine Dept发热呼吸道门诊Fever and Respiratory tract clinic体检中心Physical examination center跟车医师Ambulance doctor肝炎门诊Hepatitis clinic值班室（内科）Night shift room (Dept of internal medicine)值班室（外科）Night shift room (Surgical dept)急诊外科Emergency surgical dept急诊内科Emergency internal medicine dept值班室（驾驶员）Night shift room (Driver)急诊输液室Emergency infusion room肠道门诊Intestinal tract clinic急诊分诊台Guide to emergency急诊儿科Emergency pediatrics污物间Feculence room清创室Trauma cleaning room输液台Infusion table急诊挂号收费Emergency registration charging肠道门诊观察室Observation ward of intestinal tract clinic 急诊指挥中心Emergency command center夜间药房Night dispensary主任办公室Director office监护室ICU治疗室Therapeutic room护士办公室Nurse office观察室2 Observation ward 2抢救室Salvaging room观察室1 Observation ward 1肝炎门诊观察室Observation ward of Hepatitis clinic 干部病房Cardre Ward心内科Cardiac internal medicine dept医生办公室Doctor office诊疗室Consulting room心血管Cardiovascular (怎么没有科或室?)呼吸内科Respiration internal medicine心脏介入中心Cardio intervention center内分泌内科Incretion internal medicine血液Blood (怎么没有科或室?)消化Digestion (怎么没有科或室?)肾内科Kidney internal medicine血液层流病房Aseptic ward介入治疗中心Intervention therapy center水处理间Water treatment room手术室Operating theatre准备室Preparation room仓库更衣室Warehouse change room病人更衣室Patient change room家属接待室Reception room of patients' relative内科示教室Demo room of internal medicine操作室Operating theatre透析室( 1) Dialysis room (1)透析室(2) Dialysis room (2)药剂科Medicament Section腰突症专科Special section of protrasion of the lumbar intervertebral disci保健按摩专科Special section of healthcare massage针灸推拿专科Special section of acupuncture and manipulation老年病专科Special section of geriatric diseases针灸（中医）减肥专科Special section of acupuncture weight-reducing (TCM)生活皮肤护理美容室Skin care and cosmetology心电图检查室ECG examination脑电图检查室EEG examination脑地形图检查室Encephalo topography examination颅脑超声检查室CraniocerebralUltrasonographic examination红外线检查室Infrared ray examination精神、心理咨询科Mental and psychological consultation 彩色B超检查室Color B- Ultrasonographic examination肝病专家门诊Expert clinic of hepatitis diseases中西医结合专科Special section in combination of TCM and western medicine理疗推拿专科Special section of physical therapy & manipulation皮肤、性病科Skin and VD section肝胆外科专家门诊Expert clinic of liver and gallbladder surgery放射介入治疗专科Special section of X-ray intervention therapy高血压专科Hypertension special section碎石治疗中心Lithotriptic therapy center肾病专家门诊Expert clinic of kidney diseases糖尿病专科Diabetes special section康复、理疗科Rehabilitation and physical therapy section 医学美容专科Special section of medical cosmetology医学影像中心Medical image center放射介入治疗室X-ray intervention therapeutic room心血管专科急诊Cardiovascular emergency肝炎门诊Hepatitis clinic肌电图检查室Electromyogram examination呼吸道感染门诊Respiratory tract infection clinic血透室Blood dialysis胫镜中心Anticnemion endoscope center中内科TCM internal medicine西内科Western internal medicine乳房外科Breast surgery手外科Hand surgery骨伤科Bone injuries中医妇科TCM gynecology dept.中西药库Drug storeroom血库Blood bank骨髓室Marrow room留观室Observation room临床药学室Clinical pharmacy room社区卫生服务工作办公室Community Health Service Office信息资料室Information Archives计划生育技术指导室Family Planning Technique Consultation Office全科门诊General Clinic肿瘤科Tumor dept母婴健康中心Mother & Baby health center婴儿游泳抚触Baby swimming-stroking生活用品代办处Service for daily-use articles待产室Delivery waiting room配奶间Milk preparation room驾驶班Driver team住院部药房Inpatient dispensary医疗质量管理科Medical Quality Management Department病理贮片室Pathological Section Storeroom颈肩腰腿痛专科Department for Neck, Shoulder, Waist and Leg Pains儿童活动室Children's Playing Room电透室TV Examination Room谈话间Conversation Room衣帽发放处Coats and Caps Issuing Office器械打包间Medical Devices Packing Room小孩洗涤室Children’s Washing Room样品接收Sample Receipt结核菌Tubercle Bacillus发放厅Issuing Hall敷料打包间Dressing-Packing Room污染区Polluted Area灭菌区Sterilized Area切洗室Cutting and Washing Room人工肝室Artificial Liver Room消控中心Control Center for Fire Prevention冷冻机房Freezing Machine Room物流传输机房Logistical Transmission Machine Room 职工自行车库Employees' Bicycle Storeroom高低配电室High/Low Voltage Switchouse服务台Information Desk导医导诊A Guide to Clinic方便门诊Simple Clinic健康宣教Health Education便民服务Service for the Public取报告单Examination Report预约审批Appointment Approval行政后勤区Administrative Logistic Area预防保健区Prevention and Healthcare Area医疗康复区Medical Rehabilitation Area祝您健康May you a good health后勤保障部Logistics Guarantee Dept社区卫生服务科Community Health Service Section全科（24小时门诊）General Clinic (Around the Clock)高电位治疗室High Potential Therapeutic Room 健康教育室Health Education Room探视制度Visit Rules挂号须知Notes for Registration农村合作医疗住院报销窗口Reimbursement for Inpatients of Rural Cooperative Medical Service医保投诉咨询接待室Complaint & Consultation of Medical Insurance腰腿疼痛科Lumbago and Skelalgia Clinic心理咨询室Psychological Consultation高危门诊Hazard-Disease Clinic严禁胎儿性别鉴定Fetus sex identifying strictly prohibited卡介苗专室BCG Vaccine Room合作医疗门诊报销窗口Reimbursement for outpatients of cooperative medical service医务人员通道Passage for Medical Personnel小儿体检Infant Physical Examination电透析Electrodialyzing Room电透照镜检查Electrodiaphanoscopy中草药配方Prescription of Chinese herb medicine西药、中成药配方Prescription of Western medicine and Chinese patent drugs麻醉药品专用窗口Special window for anaesthetic药事咨询窗口Consultation of medicine administration 老、弱、病重专区Special area for the old and weaker, and severely sick persons.请保持室内清洁Keep Clean病理贮片室Pathologic film store room细胞室Cell Puncture Room牵引室Traction Room腰、腿、疼痛科Lumbago, Skelalgia and Pains Clinic配餐室Assorted Meal Preparation陪客休息室Rest Room for Guests医疗固体处置室Medical Solid Waste Disposal麻醉恢复室Anaesthesia Recovery Room材料室Material Room引产清宫室Induced Labor Room大厅Lobby卫事中心Patient-aid center小卖部Buffet出院病人领取费用清单List of expenses for discharged patients普通病人出院结帐Check-out for common discharged patients住院登记收费Check-in for inpatients医保社保出院结帐Check-out for patients with medical / social insurance病区药房Ward dispensary输血科Transfusion section急诊化验Emergency lab急诊手术室Emergency operating theatre门诊手术室Clinic operating theatre出入院病人接待处Reception of inpatients（二病区）重症监护ICU ( Area 2 )外科示教室Surgery demo room妇科示教室Gynecology demo room仓库Warehouse特殊感染病室Special infection diseases主任办公室Director office治疗室Therapeutic room护士长办公室Head nurse office医生办公室Doctor office护士站Nurse station（三病区）儿科Pediatrics Dept (Area 3)电脑中心Computer center更衣室Change room儿科教研室Pediatrics teaching & research section 婴儿洗澡间Infant bathroom新生婴儿监护室Neonatuswardship新生婴儿室Neonatus room重症室ICU诊疗室Consulting room（四病区）产科Obstetrical Dept (Area 4)机房Machine room婴儿抚触中心Infant-stroking center（五病区）产房Obstetrical Ward (Area 5)分娩室Delivery room隔离分娩室Isolation delivery room陪伴分娩室（一）Delivery room with companion (1)陪伴分娩室（二）Delivery room with companion (2)护士值班室Nurse on duty医生值班室Doctor on duty单床间Single-bed room（六病区）妇科Gynecology ( Area 6)妇科教研室Gynecology teaching and research section换药室Dressing room（七病区）骨科Orthopedics Dept ( Area 7)（八病区）普外（肝、胆、胰、肛肠）科General Surgical Dept (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Anorectum (Area 8) 外科教研室Surgery teaching & research section（九病区）心胸（肿瘤）外科Cardiothoracic Surgery (Tumor) ( Area 9)（十病区）普外（泌尿）科General Surgical Dept (Urinary system) (Area 10)（十一病区）耳鼻咽喉科、眼科、口腔科(Area 11)E.N.T. Dept, Ophthalmology Dept, Stomatology Dept眼科暗房Ophthalmological dark room（十二病区）神经外科Surgical Dept of Neurology (Area 12)麻醉科Anesthesiology dept示教室Demo room麻醉医生办公室Office of anesthesia doctor医生休息室Doctor rest room女更衣室Change room (F)男更衣室Change room (M)有菌手术室Non aseptic operating theatre手术取材室Operation material room麻醉器械储藏室Storeroom of anesthesia instrument非限制区Unrestricted area半限制区Semi-restricted area换鞋处Shoe-changing配电室Distribution room手术室Operating theatre石膏房Gypsum room手术准备室Operation preparation清洗间Cleaning room麻醉准备室Anesthesia preparation麻醉器械室Anesthesia instrument room限制区Restricted area精密仪器室Precision instrument room无菌室Asepsis room护士登记室Nurse registration room复苏室Anabiosis room麻醉清洗消毒室Anesthesia cleaning and sterilizing room 等候室Waiting room存放间Storage room后勤楼楼层分布Layout of Logistic Building病案统计室Medical record statistics room图书室Library后勤服务管理中心Logistic service and management center设备科Equipment section工程维修部Engineering maintenance dept基建科Capital construction section供应服务部Supply service dept实习生值班室（1）Probationer night shift room (1)门诊楼楼层总索引Layout of Outpatient Building本层科室分布Layout of sections开水间Boiled water检验科Laboratory section 抽血化验Blood test门诊药房Clinic dispensary大小便、白带化验Test of stool, urine, leukorrhea药房Dispensary体液实验室Humoral lab放射影像科Radio & Image dept放射科登记处X-ray registration放射科X-ray dept摄片2 (X-ray 2)挂号收费Registration charging内科（二）Internal medicine dept ( 2 )门诊办公室Outpatient office老干部门诊Veteran carder clinic老年专科Special section of geriatric diseases糖尿病专科Diabets special section内科专家门诊1 Expert clinic of internal medicine ( 1 )专家门诊Expert clinic专科门诊Clinic of special section高血压专科Hypertension special sectionC T 室CT room换药室Dressing room肛肠科Anorectum section肝胆专科专家门诊Expert clinic of liver and gallbladdersection骨科Orthopedics dept腰腿痛专科Lumbago & Skelalgia special section脑外科Cerebral surgery疼痛专科Special section of pains普外科General surgical dept皮肤科Dermatology dept性病专科Special section of VD儿科专家门诊Expert clinic of pediatrics儿科Pediatrics dept中药房TCM dispensary耳鼻咽喉专家门诊Expert clinic of E.N.T耳鼻咽喉科E.N.T. dept中医科TCM dept眼科检查室(眼电生理) Ophthalmology check room (EOG)眼科专家门诊Ophthalmologic expert clinic煎药室Herb decocting room眼科治疗室Therapeutic room of ophthalmology眼科检查室（眼压验光视野）Examination room of ophthalmology (intraocular tension, optometry, visualfield)声阻抗室Acoustic impedance room 电测听室Electrometric hearing test 助听器选配室Hearing aid selection眼科诊室(常规诊室) Ophthalmology clinic (Routine clinic)宣教室Publicizing and education胸外肿瘤专科Special section of thoracic tumor皮肤性病科专家门诊Expert clinic of dermatosis and VD 人流室Induced Abortion Room介入门诊Intervention clinic妇产科专家门诊Expert clinic of gynecology & obstetrics 高危妊娠门诊High-danger pregnancy clinic妇产科Gynecology & obstetrics dept仓库Warehouse心室晚电位Ventricle late potential动态血压Dynamic blood pressure动态心电图室Dynamic ECG心向量Vectorcardiogram心电图室ECG room心电图科ECG section超声科Ultrasonographic section彩色B超Color B-Ultrasonography理疗推拿科Physical therapy & manipulation section儿科示教室Demo room of pediatrics盆腔炎治疗室Therapeutic room of PID儿童生长发育门诊Children growth clinic急诊B超Emergency B-Ultrasonography胃镜肠镜预约窗口Reservation of gastroscope and enteroscope examination脑电图Electroemcephalogram (缩写EEG)脑地形图Emcepholo topography红外线乳腺诊断室Infrared light diagnosis of glandulamammaria颅脑超声CraniocerebralUltrasonographic examination消化科Digestion section心理测验室Psychological test room专家门诊Expert clinic心理咨询科Psychological consult section中西医结合Combination of TCM and Western medicine 病理科Pathologic section细胞学室Cytology room技术室Technical room免疫组化室Immunohistochemistry room档案室Archives room巨检室Gross examination room诊断室Diagnosis room口腔科Stomatology dept胃镜肠镜检查室Gastroscope and enteroscope examination康复科Rehabilitation section碎石科Lithotriptic section输液室Infusion room化液室Infusion preparation泌尿外科Urologic surgery dept肌注皮试Intracutaneous test of intramuscular injection 小儿输液室Children's infusion room成人输液室Adults' infusion room针灸推拿Acupuncture & manipulation生活皮肤美容Skin beauty腰突症Protrasion of the lumbar intervertebral disci保健按摩Healthcare massage针炙减肥Acupuncture weight-reducing医保办Medical insurance office放免实验室Radioimmunoassay room防保科Prophylactic section院感科Section of inner infection prevention医学美容Medical cosmetology微生物实验室Microbioloy Laboratory room检验医学中心Clinical laboratory medicine center HIV实验室HIV Laboratory room血液学实验室Haematology Laboratory room主任办公室The office director免疫学实验室Lmmunology Laboratory room生物化学实验室Biochemistry Laboratory room档案库房Archives storeroom信息科Information section综合档案室Comprehensive archives room临床系办公室Clinic dept office文印室typing and printing room护理部Nursing department科教科Scientific education section院办公室Hospital office书记室Secretary office人事科Personnel section院长室President office副院长室Vice president office会议室Meeting room医务科Section of medical affairs保安部Security dept顾问室Consultant office医疗服务质量监控办公室Medical service supervision office教室Class room 出纳室Paybox会计室Accounting house行风办Trade Service Normalization office核算办Accounting office工会Trade union医疗纠纷接侍室Reception of medical disputes财务科长室Finance section chief外科病房楼楼层总索引Layout of Inpatient Building of Internal Medicine Dept发热呼吸道门诊Fever and Respiratory tract clinic体检中心Physical examination center跟车医师Ambulance doctor肝炎门诊Hepatitis clinic值班室（内科）Night shift room (Dept of internal medicine)值班室（外科）Night shift room (Surgical dept)急诊外科Emergency surgical dept急诊内科Emergency internal medicine dept值班室（驾驶员）Night shift room (Driver)急诊输液室Emergency infusion room肠道门诊Intestinal tract clinic急诊分诊台Guide to emergency急诊儿科Emergency pediatrics污物间Feculence room清创室Trauma cleaning room输液台Infusion table急诊挂号收费Emergency registration charging肠道门诊观察室Observation ward of intestinal tract clinic 急诊指挥中心Emergency command center夜间药房Night dispensary主任办公室Director office监护室ICU治疗室Therapeutic room护士办公室Nurse office观察室2 Observation ward 2抢救室Salvaging room观察室1 Observation ward 1肝炎门诊观察室Observation ward of Hepatitis clinic干部病房Cardre Ward心内科Cardiac internal medicine dept医生办公室Doctor office诊疗室Consulting room呼吸内科Respiration internal medicine心脏介入中心Cardio intervention center 内分泌内科Incretion internal medicine 肾内科Kidney internal medicine血液层流病房Aseptic ward介入治疗中心Intervention therapy center水处理间Water treatment room手术室Operating theatre准备室Preparation room仓库更衣室Warehouse change room病人更衣室Patient change room家属接待室Reception room of patients' relative内科示教室Demo room of internal medicine操作室Operating theatre透析室( 1) Dialysis room (1)透析室(2) Dialysis room (2)药剂科Medicament Section腰突症专科Special section of protrasion of the lumbar intervertebral disci保健按摩专科Special section of healthcare massage针灸推拿专科Special section of acupuncture and manipulation老年病专科Special section of geriatric diseases针灸（中医）减肥专科Special section of acupuncture weight-reducing (TCM)生活皮肤护理美容室Skin care and cosmetology心电图检查室ECG examination脑电图检查室EEG examination脑地形图检查室Encephalo topography examination颅脑超声检查室CraniocerebralUltrasonographic examination红外线检查室Infrared ray examination精神、心理咨询科Mental and psychological consultation 彩色B超检查室Color B- Ultrasonographic examination 肝病专家门诊Expert clinic of hepatitis diseases中西医结合专科Special section in combination of TCM and western medicine理疗推拿专科Special section of physical therapy & manipulation皮肤、性病科Skin and VD section肝胆外科专家门诊Expert clinic of liver and gallbladder surgery放射介入治疗专科Special section of X-ray intervention therapy高血压专科Hypertension special section碎石治疗中心Lithotriptic therapy center肾病专家门诊Expert clinic of kidney diseases糖尿病专科Diabetes special section康复、理疗科Rehabilitation and physical therapy section 医学美容专科Special section of medical cosmetology医学影像中心Medical image center放射介入治疗室X-ray intervention therapeutic room心血管专科急诊Cardiovascular emergency肝炎门诊Hepatitis clinic肌电图检查室Electromyogram examination。
儿科5种单病种临床路径表单之欧阳家百创编
一、急性上呼吸道感染临床路径欧阳家百（2021.03.07）一、急性上呼吸道感染临床路径标准住院流程（一）适用对象。
第一诊断为急性上呼吸道感染（ICD–10：J18.0）。
（二）概述。
急性上呼吸道感染是鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的概称。
常见病原体为病毒（鼻病毒、冠状病毒、Coxsackie 及ECHO病毒、流感病毒、副流感病毒、RSV、腺病毒、PPLO），少数是细菌。
其发病无年龄、性别、职业和地区差异。
一般病情较轻，病程较短，预后良好。
但由于发病率高，具有一定的传染性，不仅影响生产劳动力，有时还可产生严重并发症，应积极防治。
本病全年皆可发病，但以冬春季节高发，可通过含有病毒的飞沫或被污染的手和用具传播，多为散发，但可在气候突变时流行。
由于病毒的类型较多，人体对各种病毒感染后产生的免疫力较弱且短暂，并无交叉免疫，同时在健康人群中有病毒携带者，故1个人1年内可有多次发病。
急性上呼吸道感染约有90%由病毒引起。
细菌感染可直接或继发于病毒感染之后发生，以β溶血性链球菌A组为多见，其次为流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌和葡萄球菌等。
当有受凉、淋雨、过度疲劳等诱发因素，使全身或呼吸道局部防御功能降低时，原已存在于上呼吸道或从外界侵入的病毒或细菌可迅速繁殖，引起本病，尤其是老幼体弱或有慢性呼吸道疾病，如鼻窦炎、扁桃体炎者更易罹患。
（三）诊断依据。
根据《临床诊疗指南－小儿内科分册》（中华医学会编著，人民卫生出版社）的临床表现+实验室检查。
A.临床表现1.普通感冒(common cold)俗称“伤风”，又称急性鼻炎或上呼吸道卡他，以鼻咽部卡他症状为主要表现。
常见病原体为鼻病毒、冠状病毒、流感和副流感病毒，还有呼吸道合胞病毒、埃可病毒和柯萨奇病毒等。
起病较急，初期症状有咽干、咽痒或烧灼感，发病同时或数小时后，可有喷嚏、鼻塞、流清水样鼻涕，2～3天后鼻涕变稠。
可伴咽痛，有时由于咽鼓管炎使听力减退。
也可出现流泪、味觉迟钝、呼吸不畅、声嘶、少量咳嗽等。
临床常见病征之欧阳体创编
“征”某些特殊“征”，在考试中经常会出现，有时还以英文形式写出，如果不了解对这些“征”的相关知识，常常会形成回答问题的“拦路虎”，使你的思维无法前进一步。
为方便大家的记忆，我们将内、外科涉猎的，在教材上有所记载的常用“征”搜集在一起，供大家强化记忆。
一、普通外科部分Branham征——动静脉瘘口较大者，指压瘘部阻断分流，可出现血压升高，脉搏变缓Charcot（夏柯）三联症——腹痛、寒战高热、黄疸Crey-Turner（格雷-特纳）征——左腰部青紫色斑Cullen（卡伦）征——脐周青紫色斑Homans征——下肢深静脉血栓形成后，小腿有深压痛，左踝关节过度背屈引发小腿疼痛Murphy（莫菲）征——胆囊炎局部触痛Perthes（拍哲）试验——深静脉通畅试验Pratt（帕特）试验——交通静脉瓣功能试验Reynolds（雷诺）五联症——腹痛、寒战高热、黄疸、休克、中枢神经系统受抑制表现Raynaud综合征——雷诺病，苍白—青紫—潮红Trendelenburg试验——大隐静脉瓣功能试验二、骨科部分Dugas（杜加）征——肩关节前脱位的特有体征Nelaton（奈拉通）线——平卧位，髂前上棘与坐骨结节之间画线，正常大转子在此线上Bryant（布来安）三角——平卧位，髂前上嵴画垂线向水平画垂线（直角边），再由大转子与髂前上嵴的垂线画水平线（底边），髂前上嵴与大转子连线（斜边），构成Bryant三角。
正常底边大约5cm。
大转子上移则底边缩小Pauwells角——股骨颈骨折，骨折线与两侧髂嵴连线的夹角Finkelstein（握拳尺偏）试验——桡骨茎突狭窄性腱鞘炎体征Mills征（前臂伸肌牵拉）试验——肱骨外上髁炎体征Spurling征（压头试验）——神经根型颈椎病体征Eaton（臂丛神经牵拉）试验——神经根型颈椎病体征Thomas（托马斯）征——髋关节结核体征，髋屈曲畸形Allis（阿力斯）征——双髋屈曲90°双腿并拢，双内踝对齐，患侧膝关节平面低于健侧。
SF-36评分标准之欧阳与创编
F36计分说明1.2.SF36的内容与结构3.SF36计分方法：2.1 基本步骤2.2 关于缺失值的处理2.3 健康状况各方面得分及换算1.SF36的内容与结构SF36，健康调查简表(the MOS item short from health survey, SF36)，是在1988年 Stewartse研制的医疗结局研究量表(medical outcomes study –short from, MOS SF )的基础上，由美国波士顿健康研究发展而来。
1991年浙江大学医学院社会医学教研室翻译了中文版的SF36。
SF36是美国波士顿健康研究所研制的简明健康调查问卷，被广泛应用于普通人群的生存质量测定、临床试验效果评价以及卫生政策评估等领域。
SF36作为简明健康调查问卷，它从生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能以及精神健康等8个方面全面概括了被调查者的生存质量。
1.1生理机能（PF：Physical Functioning）：测量健康状况是否妨碍了正常的生理活动。
用第3个问题来询问PF。
1.2生理职能（RP：RolePhysical）：测量由于生理健康问题所造成的职能限制。
1.3躯体疼痛（BP：Bodily Pain）：测量疼痛程度以及疼痛对日常活动的影响。
1.4一般健康状况（GH：General Health）：测量个体对自身健康状况及其发展趋势的评价。
1.5精力（VT：Vitality）：测量个体对自身精力和疲劳程度的主观感受。
1.6社会功能（SF：Social Functioning）：测量生理和心理问题对社会活动的数量和质量所造成的影响，用于评价健康对社会活动的效应。
1.7情感职能（RE：RoleEmotional）：测量由于情感问题所造成的职能限制。
1.8精神健康（MH：Mental Health）：测量四类精神健康项目，包括激励、压抑、行为或情感失控、心理主观感受。
动物医学专业毕业论文题目大全之欧阳家百创编
氯胺酮复合麻醉对兔麻醉效果的观察
多拉菌素治疗犬螨病的疗效观察
多拉菌素驱除猪体内线虫的疗效观察
仔猪大肠杆菌病病原分离鉴定及药敏试验
不同中草药对防治仔猪大肠杆菌病试验
猪源性链球菌的分离鉴定和药敏试验
欧阳索引创编
2021.02.02
欧阳索引创编
仔猪大肠杆菌耐药性的分析 卵黄抗体对仔猪大肠杆菌病的作用研究 中草药添加剂对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫机能的影响研究 壳聚糖对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质影响的研究 壳聚糖对蛋雏鸡生产性能及免疫机体的影响研究 中草药对蛋鸡生产性能及鸡蛋品质的影响 低聚糖对雏鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响研究 饲乐酶对雏鸡营养物质利用率及肠道菌群的影响研究 饲乐酶对蛋鸡产蛋性能影响的研究 饲乐酶对雏鸡生产性能及免疫的影响研究 同胚接种鸡新城疫和传染性支气管炎病毒制备二联苗的试验 酶联免疫吸附试验检测猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒抗体 不同方法制备鸡胚成纤维细胞在鸡痘疫苗生产中的试验 中药方剂预防仔猪黄白痢的疗效观察 中药添加剂对蛋鸡产蛋率的影响 中药方剂预防猪无名高热病的效果观察 中药治疗疾病时遮苦剂遮味效果观察 中药方剂治疗仔猪黄痢病疗效观察 治疗仔猪白痢中草药疗效观察 中药治疗鸡传染性支气管炎疗效观察 犬干扰素对犬瘟热的疗效观察 中西医结合治疗猫白细胞减少症的疗效观察 犬真菌混合螨虫性皮肤病的防治措施 清开灵注射液对呼吸型犬瘟热疗效观察 黄芪多糖与聚肌胞合剂对犬细小病毒病疗效的观察 中西药结合治肠炎型犬瘟热的研究 双甲脒软膏对犬真菌性皮肤病的疗效观察 盐酸阿托品对犬腹泻性疾病的疗效观察 大蒜素对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究 不同料型对仔猪生产性能的影响研究 不同粒型对蛋鸡生产性能的影响研究
欧阳索引创编
仔猪猪瘟母源抗体的消涨规律研究
2021.02.02
《临床技术操作规范(全套)》目录之欧阳家百创编
《临床技术操作规范（全套）》目录1.《临床技术操作规范—消化内镜学分册》￥25.002.《临床技术操作规范—疼痛学分册》￥68.003.《临床技术操作规范—结核病分册》￥27.004.《临床技术操作规范—超声医学分册》￥38.005.《临床技术操作规范—口腔医学分册》￥55.006.《临床技术操作规范—整形外科分册》￥33.007.《临床技术操作规范—烧伤分册》￥15.008.《临床技术操作规范—核医学分册》￥45.009.《临床技术操作规范—美容医学分册》￥60.0010.《临床技术操作规范—影像技术分册》￥48.0011.《临床技术操作规范—病理学分册》￥45.0012.《临床技术操作规范—计划生育学分》￥20.0013.《临床技术操作规范—儿科学分册》￥22.0014.《临床技术操作规范—物理医学与康复学分册》￥60.00 15.《临床技术操作规范—泌尿外科分册》￥32.0016.《临床技术操作规范—小儿外科学分》￥40.0017.《临床技术操作规范—手外科分册》￥68.0018.《临床技术操作规范—皮肤病与性病分册》￥36.0019.《临床技术操作规范—眼科学分册》￥76.0020.《临床技术操作规范—普通外科分册》￥75.0021.《临床技术操作规范—心血管病学分册》￥36.0022.《临床技术操作规范—放射肿瘤学分册》￥39.0023.《临床技术操作规范—肿瘤学分册》￥42.0024.《临床技术操作规范—精神病学分册》￥33.0025.《临床技术操作规范—神经外科分册》￥65.0026.《临床技术操作规范—神经病学分册》￥35.0027.《临床技术操作规范—妇产科分册》￥69.0028.《临床技术操作规范—呼吸病学分册》￥45.00人民军医出版社29.《临床技术操作规范—护理分册》￥39.0030.《临床技术操作规范—肠外肠内营养学分册》￥50.0031.《临床技术操作规范—重症医学分册》￥129.0032.《临床技术操作规范—心电生理和起搏分册》￥75.0033.《临床技术操作规范—心血管外科学分册》￥88.0034.《临床技术操作规范—辅助生殖技术与精子库分册》￥56.0035.《临床技术操作规范—麻醉学分册》￥92.0036.《临床技术操作规范—胸外科学分册》￥68.0037.《临床技术操作规范—肾脏病学分册》￥59.0038.《临床技术操作规范—激光医学分册》￥62.0039.《临床技术操作规范—急诊医学分册》￥69.0040.《临床技术操作规范—器官移植分册》￥60.0041.《临床技术操作规范—耳鼻咽喉头颈外科分册》￥95.0042.《临床技术操作规范—骨科分册》￥150.0043.《临床技术操作规范—临床营养学分册》￥45.00全套43分册。
中医医院新入职护士培训大纲之欧阳家百创编
欧阳家百创编中医医院新入职护士培训大纲（试行）欧阳家百（2021.03.07）一、适用范围三级中医医院，其他中医医疗机构参照执行。
二、培训目标根据《护士条例》等，结合《新入职护士培训大纲（试行）》（国卫办医发〔2016〕2 号）、《中医医院中医护理工作指南（试行）》等相关要求，开展三级中医医院新入职护士规范化培训。
通过培训，三级中医医院新入职护士能够掌握从事临床护理工作的中医、西医护理基础理论、基本知识和基本技能；具备良好的职业道德素养、沟通交流能力、应急处理能力，能够运用中医整体观及辨证论治的中医思维，实施病情观察、临症施护、情志护理、健康教育、康复指导等护理服务；增强人文关怀和责任意识，能够独立、规范地为患者提供护理服务。
三、培训对象院校毕业后新进入三级中医医院护理岗位工作的护士。
四、培训方式、方法（一）培训方式。
培训采取理论知识培训和临床实践能力培训相结合的方式。
（二）培训方法。
可采用课堂讲授、小组讨论、临床查房、操作示教、情景模拟、个案护理等培训方法。
包括中医、西医的基本理论知识及常见临床护理操作技术培训，培训时间为1—2 个月。
其中，中医基础、中医护理学基础培训时间不少于 3 周。
（二）专业培训。
包括各专科轮转培训，培训时间为 24 个月（具体培训时间分配见附件 1）。
六、培训内容及要求（一）基本理论知识培训。
1.法律法规规章：熟悉《护士条例》、《中华人民共和国中医药法》、《侵权责任法》、《医疗事故处理条例》、《传染病防治法》、《医疗废物管理条例》、《医院感染管理办法》、《医疗机构临床用血管理办法》等相关法律法规规章。
2.规范标准：掌握《中医医院中医护理工作指南（试行）》、《中医护理常规技术操作规程》、至少8 个病种中医护理常规（方案）、《护理人员中医技术使用手册》、《中医医疗技术相关性感染预防与控制指南（试行）》等中医规范标准；掌握《临床护理实践指南》、《静脉输液操作技术规范》、《护理分级》、《临床输血操作技术规范》等护理规范标准。
常见病临床护理路径(免费)之欧阳家百创编
常见病临床护理路径第一章、
欧阳家百（2021.03.07）
第二章、内科临床路径
第三章、外科临床路径
第四章、骨科临床路径
第五章、妇科临床路径
第六章、儿科临床路径
第七章、五官科临床路径
第八章、急诊科临床路径
第九章、针灸科临床路径
一、内科部分
支气管哮喘
呼吸衰竭
冠心病冠脉介入治疗
急性心肌梗死
介入治疗急性心肌梗死
心力衰竭（NYHAII—IV级）
缺血中风
帕金森病
慢性肾小球肾炎
慢性肾衰非透析期
急性上消化道出血（非食道胃底静脉曲张性）
肝硬化腹水
糖尿病
糖尿病肾病
糖尿病足
甲亢
非小细胞肺癌
外科病临床护理路径。
常见疾病缩写之欧阳家百创编
常见疾病缩写欧阳家百（2021.03.07）Addison病原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症Af 心房颤动AGN 急性肾小球肾炎AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）ALL 急性淋巴细胞性白血病AVB 房室传导阻滞ASD 房缺AS 主狭ASO 闭塞性动脉硬化AI 主闭AS 主狭ASO 闭塞性动脉硬化AT 房速AL 主闭alzheimer(AD) 阿尔茨海默病（老年痴呆症）AML 急生髓细胞性白血病Arnold-Chiari畸形小脑扁桃体下移畸形（阿-卡畸形）ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合症ARF 急性肾衰竭AS 强直性脊柱炎ASD 房间隔缺损AMI 急性心梗AP 心绞痛APB 房早ALT 成人T细胞白血病AA 再障AIHA 自身免疫性溶血性贫血AIH 自身免疫性肝炎AP 急性胰腺炎AGN 急性肾炎AIN 急性间质性肾炎AML 动静脉畸形BBinswanger病（BD）皮层下埃及硬化性脑病（SAE）BBB 束支传导阻滞Budd-Chiari Syndrome 布加综合症CCCF 颈埃及海绵窦瘘CHD 冠心病CF 心衰CLL 慢淋CGN 慢粒CHF 充血性心衰CAP 社区获得性肺炎CGN 慢性肾小球肾炎CHD 冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）CHF 充血性心衰CF 心衰CGN 慢性肾炎CRF 慢性肾功难不全CIN 慢性间质性肾炎CKD 慢性肾脏疾病CLL 慢性淋巴细胞性白血病CML 慢性髓细胞性白血病Colles`fracture 柯莱斯骨折COPD 慢性阻塞性肺疾病CRF 慢性肾衰竭Crohn 节段性肠炎或肉芽肿性肠炎DR 糖尿病视网膜病变DM 糖尿病CTD 结缔组织病DDCM 扩张性心肌病DDH 先天性髋关节脱位DIS/DIC 弥漫性血管内凝血DLE 盘状红斑狼疮DM 糖尿病DU 十二指肠溃疡DR 糖尿病视网膜病变DKA 糖尿病酮症酸中毒DN 糖尿病肾病E\F\GGood-Pasture综合症肺出血-肾炎综合症Graes病（GD）毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Baswdow病）GERD 胃食管反流病GU 胃溃疡Grsves HNKHC 高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷GD 甲亢Fahr`病特发性家庭性脑血管亚铁钙沉着症F4 法四F3 法三FD 功能性消化不良EH 高血压病（原发性高血压）FNH 局灶性结节增生ERCP 内镜逆行胰胆管造影术EP 癫痫HHB-GN 慢性乙型肝炎相关性肾炎HAP 医院获得性肺炎HCM 原发性肝细胞癌HCM 肥厚性心肌病HD 霍奇金病HIE 新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤HE 肝性脑病HOA 肥大性关节病I/JIBD 炎症性肠病IPF 特发性肺纤维化IDD 胰岛素依赖性糖尿病IIM 特发性炎症性肌病IGT 糖耐量减低IDA 缺铁贫HD 霍奇金病ITP 特发性血小板减少性紫殿JAS 幼年强直性脊柱炎ITP 过敏性紫殿JRA 幼年类风湿性关节炎KKawasaki病川畸病或MCLS(皮肤粘膜淋巴结综合征) MMirrizzi Syndrome(MS) 米利兹综合症Mkulicy Syndrome 米古利兹综合症（慢性无痛性腮腺炎）MDS 骨髓增生异常综合症MM 多发性骨髓瘤MG 重症肌无力MS 多发性硬化MODS 多器官功能不全综合征MI 心梗MVP 二间瓣脱垂MAS或PLED 多发几天，有纤维结构不良Moyamoya disease 脑底异常血管网症（烟雾病）N/ONF 神经纤维瘤病NHI 非霍奇金NHD 非霍奇金病NS 肾病综合症OA 骨性关节炎PParkinson病（PD）帕金森氏病PAP 肺泡蛋白质沉积症PEM 蛋白质-热能营养不良PKU 苯丙酮尿症PIE 间质性肺气肿PID 盆腔炎PTE 肺栓塞PCP 卡式肺囊肿肺炎PD 帕金森氏病PDA 动脉导管未闭PH 肺动脉高压P-J综合症黏膜黑斑-息肉综合症（黑斑息肉病）PsA 银屑病关节炎PS 肺狭PAT 阵发性房性心动过速PNH 阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿PST 阵发性室上性心动过速RRCC 肾细胞癌RA 类风湿性关节炎RCM 限制性心肌病RHD 风湿性心脏病RBBB 右束支传导阻滞RAEB 难治性贫血伴原始细胞增多型RS（Reiter综合症）反应性关节炎（ReA）S/TSAH 蛛网膜下腔出血SCA 脊髓小脑共济失调SCLC 小细胞肺癌SLE 系统性红斑狼疮SIRS 全身炎症反应综合征SpA 脊柱关节病SPA 类风湿性脊椎炎SSc 系统性硬化病SLE 系统性红斑狼疮SSS 病态窦房结综合症SBE 亚急性感染性心内膜炎SAP 急性生病胰腺炎SSSS 葡萄球菌烫伤样皮肤综合征或葡萄球菌性烧伤皮肤综合征Sturge-Weber 脑颜面血管瘤病T2DM 2型糖尿病TB 结核病TIA 短暂性脑缺血发作TS 结节性硬化，又称Bourneille(神经皮肤综合征) SD 室间隔缺损THD 缺血性心脏病TIP 血栓性血小板减少性紫殿T 室性心动过速UA 不稳定性心绞痛UDH 心脏瓣膜病UC 溃疡性结肠炎WD 肝豆状核变性Wilson 肝豆状核变性常见检查及手术名称中英文对照CABG 冠状动脉旁路移植术ESWL 体外冲击波碎石术ENBD 经内镜鼻导管引流术ERCP 内窥镜逆行胆管造影EL 肝硬化食管静脉曲张出血内镜下套扎治疗EST 内镜下十二指肠乳头扩约肌切开术LC 腹腔镜胆囊切除术LS 腹腔镱脾切除术KUB 泌尿系平片（肾、输尿管及膀胱区平片）IP 静脉肾盂造影术IU 静脉尿路造影术PBP 经皮穿刺球囊肺动脉瓣成形术PTC 经皮肝穿胆道造影术PTCA 经皮穿刺腔内冠状动脉成形术TCD 经颅多普勒超声。
临床医学概要完整版之欧阳家百创编
临床医学概要1.欧阳家百（2021.03.07）2.休克：人体对有效循环血量锐减的反应，是由于各种致病因子作用使组织器官微循环灌注量急剧减少，引起广泛组织细胞受损的一个全身性病理过程。
3.意识障碍：人体由各种原因对周围环境和自身状态的识别和观察能力出现的障碍。
如嗜睡、意识模糊、昏睡、昏迷等。
4.症状：病人能够主观感觉到的不适感觉、异常感觉和病态改变。
如腹胀、疼痛等。
广义的症状包括体征。
体征：能被检查到的客观表现。
如心脏杂音、黄疸等。
有些既是症状又是体征，如发热、呼吸困难等。
5.第一心音：心室收缩早期，二尖瓣和三尖瓣关闭时产生的声音。
第二心音：心室舒张早期，主A瓣和肺A瓣关闭时产生的声音。
6.三凹征：是指吸气时胸骨上窝、锁骨上窝、肋间隙出现明显凹陷，见于候、气管，或中央气道的炎症、水肿、异物或肿瘤。
7.弛张热：体温在39℃以上，持续数天或数周，但1日内波动可见于2℃，见于败血症、风湿热等。
稽留热：体温维持在39℃以上，达数天或数周。
1日内体温波动范围小于1℃，见于大叶性肺炎、伤寒等。
8.蜘蛛痣：是皮肤小动脉末端分支性扩张所形成的血管痣，形似蜘蛛，故称为蜘蛛痣。
多在面、颈、肩部前上胸部等处。
9.高血压病：以动脉血压升高为特征的并伴有动脉心脑肾等器官病理性改变的全身性疾病。
10.肺心病（慢性肺原性心脏病）：是由于支气管肺组织、胸廓、肺血管病变所致的肺动脉高压引起的心脏病。
晚期多由呼吸道感染诱发右心衰竭和呼吸衰竭。
11.白血病：是血液系统的恶性肿瘤，其特点是血液和骨髓中血细胞质量和数量发生异常（失去进一步分化成熟的能力，或增殖与分化能力不平衡而停滞在细胞发育的不同阶段）而成为白血病细胞。
异常的白血病细胞浸润全身组织和器官，正常造血受抑制，临床上出现一系列病理生理改变。
12.脑梗塞：是由于脑部血液供应障碍，缺血、缺氧引起的局限性脑组织的缺血性坏死或脑软化。
13.丹毒：是β-溶血性链球菌浸入皮肤及其网状淋巴管所引起的急性炎症。
职称英语电子版教材之欧阳科创编
2016年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）阅读理解、完形填空Microchip Research Center CreatedA research center has been set up in this Far Eastern country to develop advanced microchip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US $14 million, will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker.1 Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology providers are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance2.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years3, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while4 plants with outdated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of US dollars.5 The majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners — mainly from Japan and Singapore. Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in the industry,6 the country admits the US $14 million investment is stillrather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property7 owners. 词汇: microchip / 5maIkrEJtFIp / n.微芯片marginalize /`mB:dVInLlaIz/ v.忽视，边缘化flagship /5flA^FIp/ n. (用作定语)首位，最好vendor /5vendC:/ n.卖主mainstream /5meInstri:m/ n.主流注释:微芯片研究中心成立为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。
常用临床医学术语之欧阳体创编
简明病历书写手册（英汉对照）郭航远编著目录第一章病人身份第二章主诉第三章现病史第四章过去史、系统回统和个人史第五章月经、婚姻、生育史和家族史第六章体检（一般项目）第七章体检（头颈部）第八章体检（胸腹部）第九章体检（神经、骨骼和肌肉）第十章体检（泌尿生殖道与其他）第十一章标准化病人体检项目第十二章实验室检查第十三章辅助检查第十四章诊断（疾病名称）第十五章常用医嘱术语第十六章常用药物及中草药第十七章住院文书格式第十八章附录附1、常用解剖术语附2、医学英语常用前后缀附3、医学英语的特征附4、医学英语常用短语附5、英语问诊常用句子附6、医学英语缩写一览表附7、医院日常用品和设备附8、医学院和医院相关名称前言随着我国加入WTO，医疗体制发生了革命性的改变。
随着改革开放的深入，外国投资和管理的医院将不断涌现，中外医学交流也日趋频繁，出国学习、进修和援外医疗队的医务人员逐年增多，这就要求医生具有正确书写英文病历的能力。
目前，国内供临床医生完成英文病历的参考书很少。
签于此，编著者根据美国罗马琳达大学的病历书写要求，结合十余年的国内外工作经验（编者所在的邵逸夫医院是一所由美国专家管理的、与国际接轨的新型综合性医院，有十余年的英文病历书写实践），并参阅一些国内外的相关文献，编写了本手册。
本手册按病历书写的顺序进行编写，采用英中对照写法，内容详尽，条理清晰，形式新颖，适用于临床医生、出国人员、实习生和医学院校的学生。
在本手册的编写过程中，得到了美国罗马琳达大学医学院和日本福井大学医学院和邵逸夫医院领导的关心和支持。
谨以此书献给我的老师、同事、朋友和家人。
第一章病人身份[Identification]· [Name] 姓名·[Sex] 性别· [Age] 年龄· [Occupation] 职业· [Date of birth] 出生日期· [Marriage （Marital status）] 婚姻· [Race] 民族· [Place of birth (Birth place)] 籍贯· [Identification No.(code of ID card No.)] 身份证号码·[Department of work and TEL. No. (Unit and Business phoneNo.)] 工作单位及电话· [Home address and phone No.] 家庭住址及电话· [Post code] 邮政编码· [Person to notify (Correspondent) and phone No.] 联系人及电话·[Source (Complainer;offerer;supplier;provider) of history] 病史陈术者· [Reliability of history] 病史可靠程试· [Medical security (Type of payment)] 医疗费用·[Type of admission (Patient condition)] 住院类别（入院时病情）· [Medical record No.] 病历号· [Clinic diagnosis] 门诊诊断· [Date of admission (admission date)] 入院日期· [Date of record] 记录日期1、年龄的表示方法（以36岁为例）·36 years old (y/o)·Age 36·36 year-old·The age of 36·36 years of age2、性别的表示方法· [Male,♂] 男性· [Female,♀] 女性3、职业的表示方法·工人[Worker]·退休工作[Retired worker]·农民[Farmer (peasant)]·干部[Leader (cadre)]·行政人员[administrative personnel (staff)]·职员[staff member]·商人[Trader (Businessman)]·教师[Teacher]·学生[Student]·医生[Doctor]·药剂师[Pharmacist]·护士[Nurse]·军人[Soldier]·警察[Policeman]·工程师[Engineer]·技术员[Technician]·家政人员[Housekeeper]·家庭主妇[Housewife]·营业员[Assistant]·服务员[Attendant]·售票员[Conductor]4、民族的表示方法·汉[Han]·回[Hui]·蒙[Meng]·藏[Tibetan]·朝鲜[Korean]·美国人[American]·日本人[Japanese]·英国人[Britisher]5、医疗费用的表示方法· [Self pay (Individual medical care)] 自费· [Government insruance (Public medical care)] 公费· [Insurance] 保险· [Local insurance] 本地医保· [Non-local in surance] 外地医保· [Labor protestion care] 劳保6、婚姻状况的表示方法· [Married] 已婚· [Single (Unmarried)] 未婚· [Diverced] 离婚· [Widow] 寡妇· [Widower] 鳏夫7、病史可靠程度的表示方法· [Reliable] 可靠· [Unreliable] 不可靠· [Not entirely] 不完全可靠· [Unobtainable] 无法获得8、住址的表示方法·[NO.3,Qing Chun Road East,Hangzhou, Zhejiang] 浙江省杭州市庆春东路3号·[XinDong Cun, Cheng Guan Town, Zhu Ji municipality, zhejiang province.] 浙江省诸暨市（县）城关镇新东村9、病史陈述者的表示方法· [Patient himself (herself)] 患者本人· [Her husband] 患者的丈夫· [His wife] 患者的妻子· [Patient`s colleague] 患者的同事· [Patient`s neighbor] 患者的邻居· [Patient`s Kin (Mother; Son; daughter;brother;Sister)] 患者的亲属(父亲、母亲、儿子、女儿、兄弟、姐妹)· [Taximan] 出租车司机· [Traffic police] 交通警察10、日期的表示方法·2002年10月1日[10-1-2002(10/1/2002; Oct.1,2002; Oct.lst,2002)](美国)·2002年10月1日[1-10-2002(1/10/2002; 1 Oct.,2002; 1st of Oct.,2002)] (英国)11、住院类别的表示方法· [Emergent (Emergency call)] 急诊· [Urgent] 危重· [Elective (General)] 一般（普通）12、入院时病情的表示方法· [Stable] 稳定· [Unstable] 不稳定· [Relative stable] 相对稳定· [Critical (Imminent)] 危重· [Fair (General)] 一般第二章主诉[Chief Complaint]1、主诉的表示方法：症状+时间（Symptom+Time）·症状+for+时间如： [Chest pain for 2 hours] 胸痛2小时·症状+of+时间如： [Nausea and vomiting of three days` duration] 恶心呕吐3天·症状+时间+in duration如： [Headache 1 month in duration] 头痛1月·时间+of+症状如： [Two-day history of fever] 发热2天2、常见症状· [Fever] 发热· [Pain] 疼痛· [Edema] 水肿· [Mucocutaneous hemorrhage (bleeding)] 皮肤粘膜出血· [Dyspnea (Difficuly in breathing;Respiratory difficulty;short of breath)] 呼吸困难· [Cough and expectoration (Sputum;Phlegm)] 咳嗽和咯痰· [Hemoptysis] 咯血· [Cyanosis] 紫绀· [Palpitation] 心悸· [Chest discomfort] 胸闷· [Nausea (Retch;Dry Vomiting)and Vomiting] 恶心和呕吐· [Hematemesis (Vomiting of blood)] 呕血· [Hematochezia (Hemafecia)] 便血· [Diarrhea] 腹泻· [Constipation (Obstipation)] 便秘· [Vertigo (Giddiness; Dizziness)] 眩晕· [Jaundice (Icterus)] 黄疸· [Convulsion] 惊厥· [Disturbance of consciousness] 意识障碍· [Hematuria] 血尿· [Frequent micturition,urgent micturition and dysuria] 尿频，尿急和尿痛· [Incontinence of urine] 尿失禁· [Retention of urine] 尿潴留（1）发热的表示方法· [Infective (Septic)fever] 感染性发热· [Non-infective (Aseptic)fever] 非感染性发热· [Dehydration (Inanition)fever] 脱水热· [Drug fever] 药物热· [Functional hypothermia] 功能性低热· [Absorption fever] 吸收热· [Central fever] 中枢性发热· [Fever type] 热型▲ [Continuous fever] 稽留热▲ [Remittent fever] 驰张热▲ [Intermittent fever] 间歇热▲ [Undulant fever] 波状热▲ [Recurrent fever] 回归热▲ [Periodic fever] 周期热▲ [Irregular fever] 不规则热▲ [Ephemeral fever] 短暂热▲ [Double peaked fever] 双峰热· [Fever of undetermined(unknown) origin, FUO] 不明原因发热· [Rigor (shivering;chill;shaking chill;ague)] 寒战· [Chilly Sensation (Fell chilly;cold fits;coldness)] 畏寒· [Ultra-hyperpyrexia] 超高热·[Hyperthermia (A high fever;hyperpyrexia;ardent fever)] 高热· [Moderate fever] 中度发热·[Hypothermia (Low-grade fever;slight fever;subfebrile temperature)] 低热· [Become feverish (Have a temperature)] 发热· [Crisis] 骤降· [Lysis] 渐降· [Typhoid fever] 伤寒热· [Rheumatic fever] 风湿热· [Cancerous fever] 癌性发热· [Fervescence period] 升热期· [Defervescence period] 退热期· [Persistent febrile period] 持续发热期（2）疼痛的表示方法· [Backache (Back pain)] 背痛· [Lumbago] 腰痛· [Headache] 头痛▲ [Vasomotor headache] 血管舒缩性头痛▲[Post-traumatic headache] 创伤后头痛▲[Migraine headache] 偏头痛▲ [Cluster headache] 丛集性头痛· [Chest pain] 胸痛· [Precardial pain] 心前区痛· [Retrosternal pain] 胸骨后痛· [Abdominal pain (Stomachache)] 腹痛· [Acrodynia (pain in limbs)] 肢体痛· [Arthrodynia (Arthralgia)] 关节痛· [Dull pain] 钝痛· [Sharp pain] 锐痛· [Twinge pain] 刺痛· [Knife-like pain (Piercing pain)] 刀割（刺）样痛· [Aching pain] 酸痛· [Burning pain] 烧灼痛· [Colicky (Griping;cramp) pain] 绞痛· [Colic] 绞痛· [Bursting pain] 胀痛（撕裂痛）· [Hunger pain] 饥饿痛· [Tic pain] 抽搐痛· [Bearing-down pain] 坠痛· [Shock-like pain] 电击样痛· [Jumping pain] 反跳痛· [Tenderness pain] 触痛（压痛）· [Girdle-like pain] 束带样痛· [Wandering pain] 游走性痛· [Throbbing pain] 搏动性痛· [Radiating pain] 放射性痛· [Cramping pain] 痉挛性痛· [Boring pain] 钻痛· [Intense pain] 剧痛· [Writhing pain] 痛得打滚· [Dragging pain] 牵引痛· [Labor pain] 阵痛· [Cancerous pain] 癌性疼痛· [Referred pain] 牵涉痛· [Persistent pain (Unremitting pain)] 持续性痛· [Constant pain] 经常性痛· [Intermittent pain] 间歇性痛（3）水肿的表示方法· [Mucous edema (Myxedema)] 粘液性水肿· [Cardiac (Cardiogenic) edema] 心源性水肿· [Nephrotic (renal) edema] 肾源性水肿· [Hepatic edema] 肝源性水肿· [Alimentary (Nutritional) edema] 营养不良性水肿· [Angioneurotic edema] 血管神经性水肿· [Pitting] 凹陷性· [Nonpitting] 非凹陷性· [Localized (Local) edema] 局限性水肿· [Generalized edema (Anasarca)] 全身性水肿· [Hydrops] 积水· [Elephantiasic crus] 橡皮肿· [Cerebral(Brain) edema] 脑水肿· [Pulmonary edema (Hydropneumonia0] 肺水肿· [Hydrocephalus] 脑积水· [Edema of endoscrinopathy] 内分泌病性水肿· [Invisible (Recessive) edema] 隐性水肿· [Frank edema] 显性水肿· [Inflammatory edema] 炎性水肿· [Idiopathic edema] 特发性水肿· [Cyclical edema] 周期性水肿· [Ascites (Abdominal effusion;hydroperiotoneum)] 腹水· [Pleural effusion (Hydrothorax)] 胸水· [Pericardial effusion (Hydropericardium)] 心包积液· [Bronchoedema] 支气管水肿· [Slight (Mild)] 轻度· [Moderate] 中度· [Serious] 重度· [Transudate] 漏出液· [Exudate] 渗出液（4）呼吸困难的表示方法· [Cardiac dyspnea] 心原性呼吸困难· [Inspiratory] 吸气性· [Expiratory] 呼气性· [Mixed] 混合性· [Obstructive] 梗阻性· [Dyspnea at rest] 静息时呼吸困难· [Dyspnea on exertion] 活动时呼吸困难· [Dyspnea on lying down] 躺下时呼吸困难· [Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea,PND] 夜间阵发性呼吸困难· [Orthopnea] 端坐呼吸· [Asthma] 哮喘· [Cardiac asthma] 心源性哮喘· [Bronchial asthma] 支气管性哮喘· [Hyperpnea] 呼吸深快· [Periodic breathing] 周期性呼吸·[Tachypnea (Rapid or fast breathing;accelerated breathing;short of breath)]气促· [Bradypnea (Slow breathing)] 呼吸缓慢· [Irregular breathing] 不规则呼吸（5）皮肤粘膜出血的表示方法· [Bleeding spots in the skin] 皮肤出血点· [Petechia] 瘀点· [Eccymosis] 瘀斑· [Purpura] 紫癜· [Splinter hemorrhage] 片状出血· [Oozing of the blood (Errhysis)] 渗血· [Blood blister (Hemophysallis)] 血疱· [Hemorrhinia (Nasal bleeding)] 鼻衄· [Ecchymoma] 皮下血肿（6）咳嗽与咯痰的表示方法· [Dry cough (Nonproductive cough;hacking cough)] 干咳· [Sharp cough] 剧咳· [Wet cough (Moist cough)] 湿咳· [Productive cough (Loose cough)] 排痰性咳· [Chronic cough] 慢性咳嗽· [Irritable cough] 刺激性咳嗽· [Paroxysmal cough] 发作性（阵发性）咳嗽· [Cough continually] 持续性咳嗽· [Spasmodic cough] 痉挛性咳嗽· [Whooping cough] 百日咳· [Winter cough] 冬季咳· [Wheezing cough] 喘咳· [Short cough] 短咳· [Distressed cough] 难咳· [Shallow cough] 浅咳· [Droplet] 飞沫· [Frothy sputum] 泡沫样痰· [Bloody sputum] 血痰· [Mucous (Mucoid) sputum] 粘液样痰· [Purulent sputum] 脓痰· [Mucopurulent sputum] 粘液脓性痰· [White (Yellow,green) sputum] 白（黄,绿）痰· [Fetid (Foul) sputum] 恶臭痰· [Iron-rust (Rusty) sputum] 铁锈色痰· [Chocolate coloured sputum] 巧克力色痰· [Thick sputum] 浓痰· [Thin sputum] 淡痰· [Viscous sputum] 粘痰· [Transparent sputum] 透明痰· [Much (Large amounts of) sputum] 大量痰· [Moderate amounts of sputum] 中等量痰· [Not much (Small amounts of ) sputum] 少量痰（7）内脏出血的表示方法· [Goldstein’s hemoptysis]戈耳斯坦氏咯血· [Massive hematemesis]大量呕血· [Epistasis (Nosebleed;Nasal bleeding; Hemorrhinia;rhinorrhagia)]鼻衄· [Hematuria] 血尿· [Initial hematuria] 初血尿· [Idiopathic hematuria] 特发性血尿· [Painless hematuria] 无痛性血尿· [Terminal hematuria] 终末性血尿· [Gross (Macroscopic) hematuria] 肉眼血尿· [Microscopic hematuria] 镜下血尿· [Hematuria in the whole process of urination] 全程血尿· [Gingival bleeding (Ulaemorrhagia;gum bleeding)] 牙龈出血· [Hematochezia] 便血· [Bloody stool] 血便· [Black stool (Melena)] 黑便· [Tarry stool] 柏油样便· [Bleeding following trauma] 外伤后出血· [Spontaneous bleeding] 自发性出血· [Bleeding Continuously] 持续出血· [Occult blood,OB] 隐血· [Hematobilia] 胆道出血· [Hemathorax] 血胸· [Hemarthrosis] 关节积血· [Hematocoelia] 腹腔积血· [Hematoma] 血肿· [Hemopericardium] 心包积血· [Cerebral hemorrhage] 脑出血· [Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)] 蛛网膜下腔出血· [Excessive (Heavy) menstrual flow with passage of clots] 月经量多伴血块· [Mild (Moderate) menses] 月经量少（中等）· [Painless Vaginal bleeding] 无痛性阴道出血· [Postcoital bleeding] 性交后出血· [Pulsating bleeding] 搏动性出血· [Post-operation wound hemorrhage] 术后伤口出血· [Excessive bleeding after denal extraction] 拔牙后出血过多（8）紫绀的表示方法· [Congenital cyanosis] 先天性紫绀· [Enterogenous] 肠源性· [Central] 中枢性· [Peripheral] 周围性· [Mixed] 混合性· [Acrocyanosis] 指端紫绀（9）恶心与呕吐的表示方法· [Vomiturition (Retching)] 干呕· [Feel nauseated] 恶心感· [Postprandial nausea] 饭后恶心· [Hiccup] 呃逆· [Sour regurgitation] 返酸· [Fecal (Stercoraceous)vomiting] 吐粪· [undigested food Vomiting] 吐不消化食物· [Bilious Vomiting] 吐胆汁（10）腹泻与便秘的表示方法· [Moning diarrhea] 晨泻· [Watery (Liquid)diarrhea] 水泻· [Mucous diarrhea] 粘液泻· [Fatty diarrhea] 脂肪泻· [Chronic (Acute)] 慢性（急性）· [Mild diarrhea] 轻度腹泻· [Intractable (Uncontrolled)diarrhea]难治性腹泻· [Protracted diarrhea] 迁延性腹泻· [Bloody stool] 血梗· [Frothy stool] 泡沫样便· [Formless (Formed)stool] 不成形（成形）便· [Loose (Hard) stool] 稀（硬）便· [Rice-water stool] 米泔样便· [Undigested stool] 不消化便· [Dysenteric diarrhea] 痢疾样腹泻· [Inflammatory diarrhea] 炎症性腹泻· [Osmotic] 渗透性· [Secretory] 分泌性· [Malabsorption] 吸收不良性· [Lienteric] 消化不良性· [Pancreatic diarrhea] 胰性腹泻· [Tenesmus] 里急后重· [Pass a stool (Have a passage; open or relax the bowel)] 解大便· [Have a call of nature] 便意· [Fecal incontinence (Copracrasia)] 大便失禁· [Functional constipation] 功能性便秘· [Organic constipation] 器质性便秘· [Habitual constipation] 习惯性便秘· [Have a tendency to be constipated] 便秘倾向（11）黄疸的表示方法· [Latent (occult) jaundice] 隐性黄疸· [Clinical jaundice] 显性黄疸· [Nuclear icterus] 核黄疸· [Physiologic icterus] 生理性黄疸· [Icterus simplex] 传染性黄疸· [Toxemic icterus] 中毒性黄疸· [Hemolytic] 溶血性· [Hepatocellular] 肝细胞性· [Obstructive] 阻塞性· [Congenital] 先天性· [Familial] 家族性· [Cholestatic] 胆汁淤积性· [Hematogenous] 血源性· [Malignant] 恶性· [Painless] 无痛性（12）意识障碍的表示方法· [Somnolence] 嗜睡· [Confusion] 意识模糊· [Stupor] 昏睡· [Coma] 昏迷· [Delirium] 谵妄· [Syncope (swoon; faint)] 晕厥· [Drowsiness] 倦睡（13）排尿的表示方法· [Enuresis (Bed-wetting)] 遗尿· [Anuria] 无尿· [Emiction interruption] 排尿中断· [Interruption of urinary stream] 尿线中断· [Nocturia] 夜尿· [Oliguria] 少尿· [Polyuria] 多尿· [Pass water (Make water; urinate; micturition)] 排尿·[Frequent micturition (Frequency of micturition; fruquent urination;Pollakiuria)] 尿频· [Urgent micturition (Urgency of urination or micturition)] 尿急·[Urodynia (Pain on micturition; painful micturition;alginuresis; micturition pain)] 尿痛·[Dysuria (Difficulty in micturition; disturbance of micturition)] 排尿困难· [Small urinary stream] 尿线细小· [Void with a good stream] 排尿通畅·[Guttate emiction (Dribbling following urination;terminal dribbling)] 滴尿· [Bifurcation of urination] 尿流分叉· [Residual urine] 残余尿· [Extravasation of urine] 尿外渗· [Stress incontinence] 压力性尿失禁· [Overflow incontinence] 溢出性尿失禁· [Paradoxical in continence] 反常性尿失禁3．少见症状· [Weekness( Debility; asthenia; debilitating)] 虚弱（无力）· [Fatigue (Tire; lassitude)] 疲乏· [Discomfort (Indisposition; malaise)] 不适· [Wasting (thin; underweight; emaciation; lean)] 消瘦·[Night sweating] 盗汗· [Sweat (Perspiration)] 出汗·[Cold sweat] 冷汗· [Pruritus (Iching)] 搔痒· [Asthma] 气喘·[Squeezing (Tightness; choking; pressing) sensation of the chest] 胸部紧缩（压榨）感· [Intermittent claudication] 间歇性跛行·[Difficulty in swallowing( Dysphagia; difficult swallowing; acataposis)] 吞咽困难· [Epigastric (Upper abdominal) discomfort] 上腹部不适· [Anorexia (Sitophobia)] 厌食· [Poor appetite (Loss of appetite)] 纳差· [Heart-burn( Pyrosis)] 胃灼热· [Stomachache( Pain in stomach)] 胃部痛· [Periumbilial pain] 脐周痛· [Belching (Eructation)] 嗳气· [Sour regurgitation] 返酸· [Abdominal distention(bloating)] 腹胀· [Pass gas( Break wink)] 肛门排气· [Small(Large) stool] 大便少（多）· [Expel(Pass) worms] 排虫· [Pain over the liver] 肝区痛· [Lumbago] 腰痛· [Pica(Parorexia; allotriophagy)] 异食癖·。
医学视频教学汇总(医学生资源共享收藏版)之欧阳家百创编
医学视频教学
欧阳家百（2021.03.07）
（按住Ctrl并单击鼠标以跟踪链接）三维医学动画（70集）
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医学英语综合教程课文翻译之欧阳语创编
Unit1肺和肾的功能肺的血管系统肺从两个血管系统----支气管循环系统和肺循环系统获得血液供应。
它的营养血液来自于支气管循环系统，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有组织，因为支气管循环系统始于主动脉及上肋间动脉，接受大约1%的心输出量。
大约三分之一的支气管循环的静脉输出流入全身静脉，然后回到右心房。
剩余的输出流入肺静脉，并在心脏最小静脉的作用下，在正常情况下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。
肺动脉系统沿着气道从肺门向外周延伸，向下连接下段气道（直径大约2毫米）的动脉，它们壁薄且富有弹性。
从这儿开始，动脉成肌肉化发展，直至其达到30微米，此时肌层消失。
因为这些小肌肉动脉起着积极控制肺部血流分布的作用，所以大部分动脉压降产生在这些小肌肉动脉中。
肺小动脉将血液排空，送入广泛分布的毛细血管网，进入肺静脉。
肺静脉的壁很薄，它们最终在肺门处与动脉和支气管汇合，出肺进入左心房。
肾结构成分人类肾脏在解剖学上位于腹膜后隙，与下胸椎和上腰椎平行。
每个成年人的肾脏大约重150克，长、宽、厚分别为12厘米、6厘米以及3厘米。
肾脏的冠状部分分为/由两个明确的区域（组成）。
外周部的皮质大约1厘米厚，深部的髓质由几个肾锥体构成。
这些锥体状结构的底部位于皮髓质结合处。
锥体的顶部伸入肾门，称为肾**。
每个肾**被一个肾小盏包裹。
肾小盏与肾大盏相聚组成肾盂。
经肾**流出的尿液汇集在肾盂，通过输尿管排入膀胱。
由主动脉分支出来的肾总动脉为两肾输送血液。
肾总动脉通常分为两个主侧支，这两个侧支又进一步分为叶动脉，为肾脏上、中、下区域供应血液。
当这些血管进入肾实质，变成叶间动脉通向肾皮质时，（这些血管）又进一步细分。
细分后的更小血管在皮髓质结合处成为竖支--弓状动脉。
从弓状动脉伸出的叶间动脉进入皮质。
由于传入小动脉始于这些末端叶间动脉，所以为肾小球毛细血管输送血液。
组织学上，肾脏是由一个叫做“肾单位”的基本单位组成。
每个肾脏约含有一百万个肾单位，“肾单位”有两个主要成分：过滤成分―紧包着毛细血管网（肾小球）和一个附着在上面的小管组成。
临床试验—病例表之欧阳音创编
甘露聚糖肽注射液辅助治疗恶性肿瘤的安全性和有效性的随机、双盲、与安慰剂平行对照、多中心临床再评价试验病例报告表（Case Report Form）受试者姓名缩写□□□□药物编号：□□□试验中心编号：□□试验开始日期年月日填表说明1．请用签字笔填写，字迹应清晰，易于辨认。
2．受试者姓名按汉语拼音首字母缩写靠左对齐填写。
3．在所有选择项目中，请在相应的方框中划“×”；疼痛强度（PI）和疼痛缓解度等数字表示项目请在选择的相应数字上画圈“○”。
4．每项填写内容务必准确，不得随便涂改，如发现填写内容有误，应在原记录上划单横线，在旁边写明正确内容，并注名修改者及日期。
不要用任何方式（橡皮、涂改液等）涂抹原记录。
5．不要改变病例报告表的格式，如发现表中没有位置填写记录者希望记录的资料时，请将有关信息记录于后面的空白附页中，并保留以上记录副本。
6．知情同意书一般为患者签名。
如患者有特殊情况，可由患者法定代理人签名。
试验观察流程图入组筛选表1．受试者应为：♦年龄：18 -70岁癌症患者（一般情况尚好，可适当放宽）♦性别不限♦预计生存期2个月以上的住院患者♦疼痛强度为中到重度，评分≥4♦并符合一下条件之一（请在符合的项目上画圈）1）入选前1周内曾使用XX，日剂量为40-60mg，疼痛强度可缓解到≤2；2）入选前1周内曾使用其它镇痛药，其全日剂量相当于40-60mgXX剂量，疼痛强度可缓解到≤2♦非放疗期或疼痛部位为非照射部位♦间歇期的化疗者，应由主管医生确认化疗后无止痛作用♦该患者是否同意参加本试验，并已签署知情同意书如以上任何一个答案为“否”，此受试者不能参加2．受试者排除标准：♦本研究开始前4周内曾参加过其他临床试验♦正在服用或本试验开始前2周内曾服用MAO抑制剂者(如优降宁、苯乙肼等)♦24小时内用过XX类镇痛药，或5日内用过XXX♦癌痛骨转移患者，近4周内接受同位素内放疗或/和双磷酸盐类药物治疗♦呼吸抑制、（肺）气道阻塞或组织缺氧♦胆道疾病♦心脏疾患（即Ⅱ级和Ⅱ级以上心功能）♦血压高于正常值♦血液系统疾病♦肝、肾功能明显异常(即指标高于正常值一倍以上)♦脑部疾病，判定能力异常♦XX药耐受、过敏，或曾在使用时因不良反应停药♦药物及∕或酒精滥用♦孕妇或哺乳期妇女如以上任何一个答案为“是”，此受试者不能参加结论：该患者是否符合上述要求，同意入组是□□□□□□□□是□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□否□□□□□□□□否□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□医生签名：＿＿＿＿＿＿日期＿＿＿＿年＿＿＿月＿＿＿日病历简况1.1检查日期：年月日.2受试者病历号：2.1出生日期：年月.2性别：□1.男□2.女.3临床诊断：分期1. T□2. N□3. M□.4现接受的抗癌治疗：□1.放疗间歇期□2.化疗间歇期□3.中医药□4.手术□5.无□6.其他（请注明）.50疼痛强度 : □1.轻(评分) □2.中(评分) □3.重(评分).51疼痛性质: □1.急性疼痛□2.慢性持续性疼痛□3.间歇性(规律或无规律)□4.持续性痛伴一过性加剧□5.其他.52疼痛主要部位：□1.头面部□2.颈部□3.四肢□4.胸背部□5.腹部□6.骨关节□7.会阴□8.其他（请注明）.53疼痛能否自行缓解：□1.能□2.有时能□3.不能.60入选前接受的镇痛治疗：□1.无□2. 吗啡、度冷丁、二氢埃托啡、美散痛、芬太尼等普通制剂□3. 缓控释吗啡、多瑞吉□4. 自控泵□5. 可待因及其复方制剂□6. 曲马多□7. 解热镇痛药□8. 其他如有，请回答：.61药品名称用药剂量：.62用药方式：□1.口服□2.静注□3.肌注□4.其他.63用药时间：□1.近四周内□2.近三天□3.其他.64其它与镇痛有关合并用药，如有，请详述：3.0既往史.1药物过敏史□1.无□2.有.2脑部疾患□1.无□2.有.3心脏疾患□1.无□2.有 .4哮喘□1.无□2.有.5胆道疾患□1.无□2.有 .6习惯性便秘□1.无□2.有.7肾脏疾患□1.无□2.有 .8糖尿病□1.无□2.有如有，请描述：1.2.4.0体格检查.11.T._℃2.P次/分 3.R次/分4.SBPmmHg5.DBPmmHg6.身高cm7.体重Kg .2皮肤粘膜□ 1.无□2.苍白□3.黄染□4.紫绀□5.皮疹.3浅表淋巴结□ 1. 无肿大□2.有肿大.4双侧瞳孔□ 1.等大等圆□2.不等大□3.不等圆.50呼吸节律.51肺部罗音□1.规则□2.不规则□1.无□2.有.60心律.61心脏各瓣膜区杂音□1.齐□2.不齐□1.无□2.有.70腹部 .71腹部压痛□1.软□2.硬□1.无□2.有.72腹部包块 .73 移动性浊音□1.无□2.有. □1.无□2.有.74肝区叩痛 .75肝脏肿大□1.无□2.有□1.无□2.有.76脾脏肿大 .77肾区叩痛□1.无□2.有□1.无□2.有.80生理反射□1.存在□2.部分存在□3.不存在.81病理反射□1.未引出□2.有引出5.入组前可能与镇痛药物有关的基础症状（如果患者出现没有标识的症状，请自行填写＿＿年＿＿＿月＿＿＿日给药前生活质量记录表医生签名：＿＿＿＿＿＿日期＿＿＿＿年＿＿＿月＿＿＿日入组时检验报告粘贴单镇痛效果记录表说明1.0度：未缓解(疼痛未减轻)；1度：轻度缓解(疼痛减轻约1/4)；2度：中度缓解(疼痛减轻约1/2)；3度：明显缓解(疼痛减轻约3/4以上)；4度：完全缓解(疼痛消失)。
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新编临床医学英语欧阳家百（2021.03.07）第1期:病患的问题与诉求Unit 1 Text A Internal Medicine and Today's Internist第1单元文章A 内科与内科医生Questions/Pleas of the Patient病患的问题与诉求How can I find a good doctor?"我如何找到一位良医？How can I find a good doctor whom I can afford?"如何能够碰到一位价格亲民的医生？How can I find a good doctor who cares about me as a person?〃又如何能够遇见一位把我当成“人”看待的医生？How can I find a good doctor who will take the time to listen and under stand?"如何找到一位能够花时间倾听我的诉说，了解我的名医？People who need medical care ask these questions throughout the world every day.每天，全球有许多病患都在询问这些问题。
They ask them because they face a health care system that is scientifical ly complex,organizationally overloaded, and generally not oriented to the patient as a person.他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。
When an individual first becomes ill, regardless of the symptoms, he or she needs mostsomeone who seems to say,如果有人生了病，不管症状如何，他们最希望听到的是："I am a good doctor；I charge a reasonable amount for my services；I care about you，thepatient and I will take the time to listen and understand."“我是医生；我只收取亲民价格，我关心病患，我将倾听你的诉求，理解你。
”A prominent teacher/physician in a major medical center taught his st udents to listen to thepatient and he will tell you what is wrong, and he will tell you what he needs".主要医疗中心的知名学者/内科医生都会教授学生要学会倾听，病人会告诉你哪里不舒服，也将会告诉你他们的需求。
Having found a physician who answers so profoundly to their needs, so me patients areextremely grateful but most are utterly overwhelmed.有些内科医生完全满足了病患的需求，有些患者表现出了极大的感激之情，但是绝大部分都激动不已。
With the discovery of that relationship, the difference between a superb technician and a truephysician really becomes evident to the patient.有了这层关系之后，专业技师和内科医生的区别在病患面前展露无遗。
That physician/teacher was a scholarly gentleman with deep scientific insight and an activeand stimulating clinical and research practice.内科医生/教授都是学术人才，他们对学科有着科学的深刻见解，并活跃在临床和研究领域中。
Unfortunately he developed crippling rheumatoid arthritis in the midst o f his career.但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。
Beyond question, his own disease sensitized him to the complex mix of expectations, needs,fears,毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感，and appreciation that patients feel when facing a physical-mental trial while at the same timelooking forthat perfect physician to help them.这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。
Patients flocked to this doctor，not just for his accurate diagnoses, his correct therapies, oreven his war mth,患者都去找这样的医生看病，并不是因为他们准确无误的诊断，正确的治疗方法，甚至是所给予的温暖，but for the intellect he expressed and the sheer joy of living that he ext ended in every encounter with another human being.而是他们所散发的智慧之光，以及他在面对每一个“人”时所展现的喜悦之情。
He had a Shakespearean grasp of the qualities of being human and an u ncommon ability to transmit love and respect for his fellow human bei ngs.他既能像莎翁那样对人性特点有着深刻的了解，又身具异秉能把关爱和尊重传递给全人类。
He exhibited the ideal all physicians should emulate.他展现了所有内科医生应该展现的最理想的一面。
Many readers know a physician with these characteristics all should s eek to know one and todevelop their own professional persona so that human qualities are not lost to technical acumen.许多读者都认为拥有这些特征的内科医生都应该去了解，并培养自己的职业形象，只有这样，人类的本质才不会在技术面前甘拜下风。
1.be oriented to 面向,本句中的 them 是指上句的 these questions.原文：They ask them because they face a health care system that is scientifical ly complex,organizationally overloaded, and generally not oriented to t he patient as a person.他们之所以问这些问题，是因为他们所面对的医疗保健体系技术深奥、机构臃肿，而且一般都没有意识到病人首先是一个“人”。
2.in the midst of：在…中，在…当中原文：Unfortunately, he developed crippling rheumatoid arthritis in the midst of his career.但是，他们在工作期间不幸患上了风湿性关节炎。
3.beyond question 的意思是“毫无疑问地”；sensitize sb to sth 意思是“使某人对某事敏感起来”。
原文：Beyond question, his own disease sensitized him to the complex mix of expectations,needs, fears, and appreciation that patients feel when f acing a physical-mental trial while atthe same time looking forthat perfect physician to help them.毫无疑问，他自身的疾病使他对病人交织着期待、需要、恐惧和感激的复杂心情十分敏感。
这是患者们在经历身心煎熬、同时又盼望有那么一位德高望重的名医能给他进行诊治时所共有的感觉。
4.rheumatoid arthritis 风湿性关节炎例句：The study was also too short to show whether TwHF can slow the joint damage causedby rheumatoid arthritis.这项研究时间也太短，不能显示雷公藤是否能减缓由风湿性关节炎引起的关节损伤。
第2期:好医生的科学和技术专业背景THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGIC BACKGROUND OF A "GOOD DOCTOR"“好医生”的科学和技术专业背景Since Flexner issued his famous report in 1910, American medical educ ation has striven towardthe development of a strong scientific base.自从1910年弗莱克斯纳的著名研究报告问世以来，美国的医学教育致力于培养深厚的科学基础。
This intellectual prerequisite,therefore,has become an integral part of premedical,undergraduate, graduate, and, indeed, continuing medical ed ucation.所以，以学术知识为前提的教育就成为了医学预科、本科生、研究生以及继续医学教育的主要组成部分。