钻床主轴进给机构改造-变速机构设计

摘要

随着先进制造技术的发展和进步，数控加工已成为机加工过程中的一种主流技术。这一技术的运用提高了机加工过程中工作效率和加工精度。数控多工位钻床就是提高钻削加工精度和效率的一种很好的机加工工具。本文对数控多工位钻床进行了设计，采用了普通车床设计的步骤和方法，综合考虑数控机床的特点。从切削力入手确定主轴及电机，到整个机床的结构设计和机床的控制。最后到对机床初始化程序设计。本文完成数控多工位钻床的资料收集与国、内外现状的调查比较，提出较为可行的方案;完成机床的机械结构设计计算与电气控制系统设计，初步完成控制系统的软硬件设计。本设计是关于将普通钻床改造为多工位加工钻床的结构设计。普通钻床为单轴机床，且工件安装后需要进行反复调整，工件上有相互位置要求的各表面间的位置精度就会受到很多因素的影响，通过设计改造成快速主轴、移动工作台和具有一定回转精度的能实现多工位加工的钻床后，能大大地缩短加工时间，提高生产效率。因此本设计主要从钻床的主轴箱设计、移动工作台设计及工作台的回转设计几个方面，对普通钻床进行一定的结构改进，实现多工位加工，以符合现代机械加工的要求。

关键词：多工位钻床；生产效率；主轴箱

Abstract

With the manufacturing development, numerical control manufacturing has become one of the major advanced technologies. efficiency and accuracy has been improved in application of the technology. Numerical control auto-drilling machine is a kind of the new machine tools that can improve the machining accuracy and efficiency. The paner has designed for Numerical control auto-drilling machine, using design method of the ordinary lathe, and considering the characteristic of the numerical control machine tools synthetically. cutting force has been calculated, the structural and the control system has been designed. Finally, the software routine has been explored.This paner has finished completed a investigation of internal and external of current situation for numerical control multistage-drilling machine, and compared it, put forward a feasible scheme; completed the mechanical structural design an calculated and designed the electric control system, and finished the software and hardware of the control system tentatively.The design is about reconstructing the ordinary drill to carry out multiple position drill. The ordinary drill is a single drill. The machining accuracy of the work-piece will be affected by the mount. Because the exact position of work-piece will be affected by the adjustment. It will promote its productive efficiency, shorten its processing time through the design of the rapid spindle, moving and evolution worktable. Hereby, the keystone of this design paper is how to design the rapid spindle, moving and evolution worktable.

Key words:multiple drill; productive efficiency; multiple spindle heads

目录

摘要.............................................................................................................................. I Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II 目录............................................................................................................................... V 1 绪论........................................................................................................................... V

1.1 钻床的工艺范围 (1)

1.2 钻床的类型 (1)

1.2.1 台式钻床 (1)

1.2.2 立式钻床 (1)

1.2.3 摇臂钻床 (2)

1.3 钻削加工的特点 (2)

1.3.1 多轴加工的特点 (3)

1.3.1 多工位加工的特点 (3)

1.4 论文研究的内容及意义 (3)

1.5 本文所做的工作 (3)

2 机械传动方案确定 (4)

2.1 设计内容分析 (4)

2.2机械传动方案的选择 (4)

2.2.1 总体传动方案选择 (4)

2.2.2 总体传动方案确定 (5)

3 主轴传动部件设计 (7)

3.1 切削力的计算 (7)

3.1.1 机床工况要求 (7)

3.1.2 切削力和切削扭矩的计算 (7)

3.2 主轴齿轮传动方案确定 (9)

3.2.1 设定齿轮传动方案 (9)

3.2.2 主轴传动设计和计算 (10)

4 工作台纵向进给机构的设计 (18)

4.1 工作台纵向进给负载分析及计算 (18)

4.1.1 摩擦阻力计算 (18)

4.1.2 等效转动惯量计算 (18)

4.1.3 丝杠摩擦阻力矩的计算 (19)

4.1.4 等效负载转矩的计算 (19)

4.1.5 起动惯性阻力矩的计算 (19)

4.1.6 步进电机输出轴总的负载转矩的计算 (19)

4.2 纵向进给步进电机选择 (19)

4.3 纵向进给滚珠丝杠的选择与校核 (19)

4.3.1 承载能力的校核 (19)