跨文化视角下的中美社交礼仪的对比研究

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略论跨文化交际中的中美文化差异

略论跨文化交际中的中美文化差异【摘要】本文围绕着跨文化交际中的中美文化差异展开讨论。

在探讨了跨文化交际的定义及中美文化差异的概述。

在从沟通方式、价值观念、礼仪习俗、思维模式以及语言表达五个方面深入分析了中美文化的差异。

在结论部分指出了挖掘跨文化交际中的共同点、加强中美文化差异的认知以及促进跨文化交际的有效性的重要性。

通过本文的讨论，可以帮助人们更深入地了解中美文化之间的差异，增进跨文化交际的理解和有效性。

【关键词】跨文化交际、中美文化差异、沟通方式、价值观念、礼仪习俗、思维模式、语言表达、共同点、认知、有效性。

1. 引言1.1 跨文化交际定义跨文化交际是指不同文化背景下的人们之间进行信息交流、理解和互动的过程。

在全球化的今天，跨文化交际已成为一种常态，而中美文化差异作为两个具有重要影响力的文化体系，在跨文化交际中显得尤为重要。

中美两国有着不同的历史、宗教、价值观念等，这些差异会在沟通方式、价值观念、礼仪习俗、思维模式和语言表达等方面体现出来。

跨文化交际需要双方了解和尊重对方的文化，同时也需要一定的文化适应能力和沟通技巧。

在这个过程中，中美文化差异既是挑战，也是机遇。

只有加强对中美文化差异的认知，挖掘跨文化交际中的共同点，促进跨文化交际的有效性，才能更好地促进中美两国之间的交流与合作，实现互利共赢的目标。

1.2 中美文化差异概述中美两国作为世界上最具影响力的国家之一，其文化差异也是跨文化交际中的重要议题之一。

中美文化的差异主要体现在沟通方式、价值观念、礼仪习俗、思维模式和语言表达等方面。

在沟通方式上，美国人更注重直接坦诚的沟通方式，而中国人则更倾向于间接和含蓄的方式。

价值观念方面，美国人注重个人主义和自由，强调个体的独立和自我实现，而中国人则更重视集体主义和家庭价值观念。

在礼仪习俗方面，美国人更注重个人空间和隐私，而中国人更注重团体和集体的利益。

思维模式方面，美国人倾向于逻辑思维和分析问题，而中国人则更注重整体性和综合性。

跨文化交际中商务礼仪的差异分析

跨文化交际中商务礼仪的差异分析随着全球化的加速推进，商务交流已成为跨国企业之间不可或缺的一部分。

然而，在跨文化间进行商务交流时，“礼仪之邦”中国和西方国家的商务礼仪有所不同。

因此，本文将从言语、职场文化和礼仪等方面对中西商务礼仪差异进行分析。

首先，言语方面是中西商务礼仪的重要组成部分。

汉语文化倡导“以和为贵”，在交流时用词较为委婉缓和，也注重听取对方的意见。

西方国家文化倾向于“说出真相”，在商务交流时方式直接、简洁、犀利，给人留下深刻印象。

例如，在商务洽谈时，西方人会比较直白地表达他们的期望，而中国人则会较为委婉地表达自己的需求。

此外，在表达感谢与否时，中国人通常不犯直接表达的错误，而西方人则往往会在发邮件或者电话中说“thank you”等轻描淡写的表达方式。

其次，职场文化也是跨文化商务交流中易发生误解的地方。

中国企业文化中强调“师长亲传”、“兢兢业业、锲而不舍”，在公司中对领导的尊重较为重视，而西方企业文化中则较为注重员工的自主性，对个人的成就和领导者的权威性的重视程度较低。

在商务交流过程中，中西方人还应注意到商务礼仪的接待方式不同。

中国人通常会用热情好客的态度招待客人，包括用餐、品尝本地特产等。

而在西方国家，见面的举动往往比较简单，可能只是一个握手和一个微笑。

最后，礼仪方面也是在跨文化商务交流中需要注意的重要因素。

在中国商业文化中，小礼节至关重要，例如节日送礼或送礼品的机会等。

而在西方国家，对于商务礼仪的要求较为严格，例如在会议中注意专业形象，会议中的规矩、礼貌和适应团队做法。

例如，在西方国家为尊重对方，商务宴请时通常不互相放高音量地谈笑，不在餐桌上使用口香糖，不随意挑剔餐食。

综上所述，中西商务礼仪的差异在实际商务交流中会给人们带来许多不便与困扰。

为了建立和谐的商务关系和推动商务交流的进一步发展，中西方人应尽量避免语言和文化方面的误解，并逐渐适应和融合对方的商务礼仪，在相互沟通时要注意对方的文化习惯，不要使用过度激进的行为和语言。

中西方礼仪文化差异——跨文化视角分析

中西方礼仪文化差异——跨文化视角分析中华民族拥有五千年的发展历史, 礼仪文化底蕴深厚。

面对全球化进程的快速发展, 人们的跨文化交际行为逐渐增多, 所涉及到的跨文化活动的范围也越来越广泛。

受到地域和传统文化的影响, 不同区域内的人们的思维方式以及价值观念往往存在着较大的差异性。

如何正视这些差异性, 是营造良好跨文化交际环境的重要因素。

国家、民族的文明程度及社会风气道德品质都将通过礼仪文化展现出来。

同时礼仪也是人们在交往过程中其文化修养、道德品质、思想认识最为直接的体现。

中西方礼仪文化受到不同地域、不同思想认识、不同行为习惯的影响而呈现出了较大的差异性。

对这些差异性的发现和研究是促成中西方跨文化交流过程中营造良好的沟通环境的重要方法。

一、产生中西方礼仪文化差异的原因分析礼仪文化是人们在日常交际过程中逐渐形成的一种文化表现现象, 其形成的过程是非常漫长的, 也是一个国家、一个地区风俗习惯的重要表现。

因此, 造成中西方礼仪文化存在差异性的原因有很多, 具体表现为以下几个方面。

(一) 价值观不同导致礼仪文化差异价值观的差异是造成中西方礼仪文化差异的重要原因。

我国礼仪文化的核心思想讲究的是万物和谐, 包括人和人、人和事、人和物的和谐相处。

而西方价值观是倡导自由、解放天性, 思想较为开放, 强调自我是西方礼仪文化价值观所着重表现。

中西方社会价值观的不同造成了中西方礼仪文化存在着较大差异。

(二) 学派思想的不同导致礼仪文化差异在我国, 儒家思想一直是国家发展历程中所坚持的主流思想。

就礼仪文化而言, 儒家思想对其产生了非常重要的影响。

忠孝悌、礼仪、立信、廉耻是儒家思想所追捧和提倡的, 要求人们要注重伦理关系、依礼办事。

造就了中国人在进行礼仪交往过程中含蓄、委婉的处事方式。

但是西方国家却很不同, 在16世纪工人阶层掀起了精神、知识、文化大解放的文艺复兴运动, 来发泄对统治阶级以及资产阶级的强烈不满。

通过这次运动造就了西方人在礼仪文化的形成过程中直接、高效的行事方式以及行为习惯。

跨文化交际中的中西方人际关系认知差异

跨文化交际中的中西方人际关系认知差异中西方文化在人际关系认知方面存在着一定的差异，这种差异源于两种文化背景和价值观的不同。

在跨文化交际中，了解这些差异对于顺利沟通和交流至关重要。

本文将从交际方式、性别角色、隐含规则和表达方式等方面探讨中西方在人际关系认知中的差异。

中西方在交际方式上存在明显的差异。

在中国文化中，人们更注重合群和团体意识，强调人际关系的亲密和互助。

在中式文化中，人们更倾向于通过间接、隐蔽的方式来表达自己的想法和情感。

而在西方文化中，个人主义和自我表达的特点更加突出，人们更倾向于直接、坦率地表达自己的观点和情感。

这种差异在跨文化交际中很容易引发误解和冲突。

在商务活动中，一位中国人可能会避免直接拒绝对方的要求，而是通过委婉的方式来表达自己的立场，而这在西方文化中可能会被认为模棱两可和不诚实。

中西方在性别角色认知上也存在一定的差异。

在中国传统文化中，男女在社会角色和权利上存在着明显的差异，男性更加强调权威和责任，而女性更加强调柔和和忍让。

在中式人际关系中，男性通常会承担起更多的责任和义务，而女性则更多地承担起家庭的责任。

而在西方文化中，男女更加强调平等和自由，男女之间的社会角色和权利更加平衡。

这种性别角色的差异在跨文化交际中也会导致一些问题，在商务谈判中，西方女性可能会更加直率和自信地表达自己的意见，而这在传统的中式文化中可能会被认为不够女性化和不合适。

在隐含规则和表达方式上也存在着差异。

在中国文化中，人们更加重视隐含规则和非言语交际，比如面子、尊重和礼节等。

在中式人际关系中，人们更注重言外之意和非言语交际，比如微笑、眼神和姿态等。

而在西方文化中，人们更注重直接和明确的表达方式，更加强调言语交际和逻辑推理。

这种差异也会在跨文化交际中导致理解和沟通的困难，比如一个西方人可能会认为对方的笑容是表示同意或赞许，而这在中国文化中可能只是一种礼貌性的表示。

中西方在人际关系认知中存在着一定的差异，这种差异源于文化的不同背景和价值观。

跨文化交际中的礼仪差异

跨文化交际中的礼仪差异跨文化交际是在不同文化背景下进行的交流和互动。

在这种交际中，人们常常面临礼仪差异的挑战。

礼仪是不同文化之间的行为规范和社会惯例，它反映了一种社会的价值观和态度。

因此，了解并尊重他人的礼仪习惯对于有效的跨文化交际至关重要。

本文将探讨跨文化交际中的礼仪差异，并提供如何应对这些差异的建议。

首先，了解并尊重不同文化中的礼仪习惯至关重要。

每个文化都有其独特的礼仪规范，包括打招呼、交谈方式、餐桌礼仪等等。

例如，在中国，人们通常习惯以握手作为问候方式，而在日本，人们更倾向于鞠躬致意。

对于不同文化中的礼仪差异的了解可以帮助我们避免因误解而产生尴尬或冲突。

其次，在跨文化交际中，我们需要保持开放的心态，尊重他人的文化差异。

尊重意味着对他人的行为和观点持开放的态度。

当我们遇到与我们自己文化习惯不同的礼仪规范时，我们应该避免立即做出评价或嘲笑的行为。

相反，我们应该主动地学习并接受对方的习惯，这样可以帮助我们更好地融入对方的文化，增进彼此之间的理解和友谊。

另外，互相询问和解释礼仪差异也是跨文化交际中应对礼仪差异的有效方法。

当我们在交际中遇到对方的行为或言语不符合我们的期望时，我们可以以友好的方式询问对方的想法和理由。

这样不仅可以帮助我们更好地理解对方的文化习惯，还能为我们解决潜在的误解提供机会。

同样，我们也可以主动解释我们自己的文化习惯，以便让对方更好地理解我们的行为。

此外，适应和妥协也是跨文化交际中处理礼仪差异的关键。

在与不同文化背景的人交往时，我们需要灵活地调整自己的行为和言语，以适应对方的文化习惯。

例如，当我们与西方人交往时，我们可能需要习惯性地使用他们习惯的打招呼方式，如握手或拥抱。

这种适应性的态度可以帮助我们更好地融入对方的文化，并加强双方之间的沟通和合作。

最后，对于跨文化交际中的礼仪差异，宽容和宽容心态也是非常重要的。

我们应该接受事实，不同的文化有不同的礼仪习惯，在跨文化交际中难免会遇到某些差异。

跨文化角度下的中英社交礼仪对比研究的开题报告

跨文化角度下的中英社交礼仪对比研究的开题报告
题目: 跨文化角度下的中英社交礼仪对比研究
背景和研究意义：
在全球化的今天，各国之间的交往和交流变得愈加频繁。

而随着中
英两国在政治、经济、文化等各个领域的交流日益增多，了解中英社交
礼仪的差异、互相尊重各自的文化礼仪已成为必要的交际技能之一。

而
研究中英社交礼仪对比差异有助于提升跨文化交流能力，增强文化交际
的成功率。

研究问题：
本研究旨在探究中英社交礼仪的对比差异，重点研究以下问题：
1. 中英两国的社交礼仪的主要差异和相似点是什么？
2. 什么是中英社交礼仪要注意的问题？
3. 为什么要尊重对方的社交礼仪？
研究方法：
本研究采用文献分析和问卷调查相结合的方法，主要采取以下步骤：
1. 收集中英社交礼仪相关的文献、研究资料和案例分析等。

2. 设计问卷，通过对社交礼仪问题的调查分析来探究中英社交礼仪
的差异和相似点。

3. 对所得数据进行分析和比较，总结中英社交礼仪的差异和相似点。

预期结果：
通过本研究，我们可以深入了解中英两国的社交礼仪和文化差异，
提高跨文化交际能力和交际成功率。

同时，也有助于推进中英两国的文
化交流与合作，增强友好交往，并且在其他跨文化交际活动中也能得到启示和借鉴。

跨文化交际视角下中西方商务礼仪差异与对策研究基于语境的分析

对策和建议
为了在跨文化交际中更好地应用中西方商务礼仪，首先，我们需要树立跨文化意识，尊重并理解对方的文化差异。其次，加强语言交流能力，避免因语言障碍而造成的误解和冲突。再次，培养高效的沟通技巧，包括倾听、表达、反馈等。最后，建立长期稳定的合作关系，以降低文化差异带来的风险。
结论
本研究从跨文化交际的视角探讨了中西方商务礼仪的差异及其对策。中西方商务礼仪作为两种不同的文化现象，各有所长，也各有所短。在全球化背景下，为了更好地促进国际商务交流与合作，我们需要树立跨文化意识，提高沟通技巧，培养合作精神，以应对中西方商务礼仪差异带来的挑战。未来的研究可以进一步探讨不同文化背景下的商务礼仪及其对国际商务合作的影响，为跨文化交际提供更为丰富的理论和实践指导。
针对中西方商务礼仪的差异，可以采取以下对策：
1、加强跨文化意识。在商务交往中，要充分了解对方的文化背景和商务礼仪习惯，尊重对方的差异，以建立良好的合作关系。
2、提高沟通技巧。学习如何在跨文化交际中表达自己的观点，同时倾听和理解对方的需求。采用直接、坦率的沟通方式，避免模棱两可的语言表达。
3、建立互信机制。在商务合作过程中，要注重建立长期、稳定的合作关系。通过加强企业间的文化交流活动，增进双方之间的了解和信任。
结果与讨论
中西方商务礼仪在诸多方面存在显著差异。例如，中国商务人士往往注重关系和情感的建立，而西方商务人士更具体业务和合同的签订。此外，中国式的热情和谦虚在西方文化中可能被视为不专业或缺乏自信的表现，而西方的直接和坦率的交流方式在中国文化中可能会被视为不礼貌或冒犯。
然而，这些差异并非绝对优劣之分。在具体的商务情境中，中西方商务礼仪各有其优点和适用性。例如，中国式的热情和好客可以营造友好的合作氛围，有助于建立长期稳定的合作关系。而西方的直接和坦率的交流方式则可以提高沟通效率，使双方更加了解彼此的需求和立场。

从跨文化角度浅析中西方社交礼仪的差异

从跨文化角度浅析中西方社交礼仪的差异摘要：中西方之间的社交礼仪有着很大的差别，不了解这差别必然导致交际障碍，冲突和误解。

本文对比并分析了中西方社交礼仪之间存在的差异，从而使得人们走出交际误区。

一、引言由于各国的历史与文化底蕴不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异。

特别是中西方之间，礼仪上的差别很大，因为不了解这些差异而引起误会和笑话并不少见。

由此可见，了解中西方礼尚交往得习惯差异很有必要的。

往大处来说，一个国家无论在政治上，还是经济贸易中。

了解对方的礼仪习惯，将有利于各国之间的交往。

从小出来讲，一个人了解对方的礼仪民族习惯，是对对方的尊重，容易给对方留下一个好印象。

以便交往的顺利进行。

二、中西方社交礼仪的差异（一）打招呼汉语和英语在见面语方面有许多差异。

概括起来有以下几种：1、中国人之间彼此较为熟悉的人见面问候时，一般采用下列用语：“上哪去？”、“吃过了吗？”如果把这些问候语直译成英语（即：Where are you going? Have you eaten yet?”)。

美国人可能会迷茫，困惑，有时也可能引起误解。

不了解汉习俗语，比如，问对方：“Have you eaten yet?对方可能觉的这不是单纯的问候的话，而会误认为你可能发出对他|她的邀请。

又如“Where are you going?”很可能引起对方的不快，所以他|她对这一句话的反应极有可能是：“It’s none of your business.(你管得着吗？）。

2、汉语中见面打招呼的另一个通常方式是就对方的做得事发问。

例如，一个人在扫地，你可以说：“扫地呢？你下班回来的时候，妻子在做饭，你可以说：“做饭呢？”在英语中被人看作是明知故问，在有的场合甚至会被认为是对于个人隐私的侵犯。

3、在英语中祝愿性质的见语与比较多，例如Good morning, Good afternoon，Good evening, Good day ,Good night都是祝愿性的。

跨文化视角下的中西方礼仪文化差异探究

跨文化视角下的中西方礼仪文化差异探究一、本文概述本文旨在探究跨文化视角下中西方礼仪文化差异的深层内涵及其影响。

礼仪文化作为社会行为的重要组成部分，反映了不同民族的历史传统、价值观念和生活方式。

中国和西方国家在礼仪文化方面存在显著的差异，这些差异不仅体现在日常生活的点滴细节中，更深刻地影响着人们的交际方式、思维模式和社会结构。

通过对比和分析中西方礼仪文化的异同，本文旨在增进人们对不同文化背景下礼仪文化的理解，促进跨文化交流和理解，为全球化背景下的文化多样性和文化融合提供有益参考。

本文将从多个维度探讨中西方礼仪文化的差异，包括餐桌礼仪、社交场合的礼仪规范、节日庆典的传统习俗等。

在对比分析中，我们将关注这些差异背后的文化根源和社会背景，以期揭示礼仪文化差异的深层逻辑和社会意义。

本文还将探讨中西方礼仪文化差异对跨文化交流的影响，以及如何在尊重文化多样性的基础上促进有效的跨文化沟通。

通过本文的探究，我们期望能够增进人们对中西方礼仪文化差异的认识和理解，为推动跨文化交流和文化融合提供有益的思路和建议。

在全球化的今天，跨文化交流已经成为不可或缺的组成部分，对礼仪文化差异的理解和尊重更是促进跨文化交流的关键。

因此，本文的研究具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。

二、中西方礼仪文化的历史渊源礼仪文化，作为人类社会生活中的一种重要表现形式，其形成和发展深受历史、地理、经济、政治等多方面因素的影响。

中西方礼仪文化各自具有深厚的历史渊源，体现了各自独特的文化特色和价值取向。

在中国，礼仪文化源远流长，可以追溯到古代的夏商周时期。

这一时期的礼仪制度初步形成，并在之后的儒家文化中得到了进一步的深化和发展。

儒家思想强调“礼之用，和为贵”，认为礼仪是维持社会秩序、促进人际关系和谐的重要手段。

在漫长的封建社会中，礼仪制度不断完善，渗透到社会生活的各个方面，形成了独特的中国礼仪文化体系。

这一体系注重尊卑有序、长幼有序的社会秩序，强调人与人之间的亲情、友情、忠诚等情感纽带，体现了中国文化的内敛、含蓄和重情重义的特点。

浅谈跨文化交际中的中西方社交礼仪的差异

课外知识拓展礼仪是一种文化,是人与人之间的交流规则。

礼仪是由风俗或传统逐渐演变,再经过专门规定而形成的一种行为规范。

它既是一种语言,也是一种工具。

而语言是文化的载体和折射镜,是文化的组成部分,同时也是我们日常沟通的主要工具。

文化是一个社会全部物质文明和精神文明的总和。

所以礼仪与文化有着极密切的关系。

由于中国和以英美为代表的西方国家之间的文化背景不同,所以中西两种语言在文化上有着很大的差异。

在跨文化交际日益盛行的的今天,了解中西方社交礼仪的差异以及产生的差异的原因,有利于减少中西跨文化交际中社交礼仪冲突的发生。

因此,本文对产生差异的原因进行了探究,并详细介绍了中西社交礼仪在诸多方面的差异。

1.社交礼仪差异产生的原因1.1受环境因素的影响在中西方日常礼仪差异方面,环境起着重要的作用。

英国人见面经常谈论天气;而中国人总是问“你吃了吗?”。

这反映了两国人民处于不同的自然环境中,所关心的事物不同。

中国有句古话“民以食为天”,这说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要。

中国人是很重视“吃”是因为我们这个民族在过去几千年里面对的是恶劣的自然环境,生产力水平较低下,人们总是吃不饱,所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的文化。

这是出于生存的需要。

而在英国,人们之所以关心天气,是因为那里的天气经常变幻无常,属于海洋性气候。

1.2受价值取向的影响中国文化是集体价值取向型。

中国的核心价值是儒家思想。

中国人特别注重家庭的伦理以及每个人在家庭中的位置,在这种环境中成长起来的年轻人都会珍视与家庭、亲戚朋友的感情。

所以中国文化强调的是集体主义和团结精神,汉语的谚语“众人拾柴火焰高”体现的就是典型的集体主义,它提倡的是人与人之间的团结友爱和互助合作,体现的是亲情和友情的关系,强调的是彼此间的情谊和义务。

比如,中国人讲究人品的重要,而这种人品是建立在关心国家和集体以及家庭关系和睦、人际关系和睦的基础之上的,如果一个人只考虑个人的利益,那么这个人的人品就会大打折扣。

跨文化角度下的中英社交礼仪对比研究

跨文化角度下的中英社交礼仪对比研究一、概述随着全球化的深入发展和国际交流的日益频繁，跨文化交际成为日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。

社交礼仪作为文化的重要组成部分，对于跨文化交流的效果和深度有着至关重要的影响。

中国和英国，分别作为东方和西方文化的代表，其社交礼仪差异显著。

本文旨在从跨文化的角度出发，对比研究中英两国在社交礼仪方面的异同，以增进对两种文化的理解，提升跨文化交流的能力，并推动中英两国在社交场合中的和谐互动。

我们将围绕见面礼仪、餐桌礼仪、礼品赠送、言谈举止等关键方面，逐一剖析两国文化中的社交规范与习惯，以期能为读者提供一个清晰、全面的中英社交礼仪对比图景。

1. 简述社交礼仪在跨文化交流中的重要性在跨文化交流的背景下，社交礼仪的重要性不容忽视。

社交礼仪不仅是一套行为规范和交往准则，更是文化认同和社会和谐的体现。

随着全球化的推进，不同文化间的交流日益频繁，而文化差异往往成为交流中的障碍。

了解和尊重他国的社交礼仪，对于促进跨文化交流、增进相互理解和信任、减少误解和冲突至关重要。

在中英两种文化背景下，社交礼仪呈现出各自独特的特点。

中国文化注重礼貌、谦逊和尊重长辈，而英国文化则更强调礼貌、绅士风度和个人隐私。

这些差异不仅反映了不同文化背景下人们的行为习惯和价值观，也影响着人们在跨文化交流中的表现。

对中英社交礼仪进行对比研究，有助于我们更深入地了解两种文化的异同，提高跨文化交流的能力。

通过比较中英社交礼仪中的具体行为、语言表达和习俗规范，我们可以发现不同文化间的共同点和差异，从而更好地适应不同文化环境，促进跨文化交流的发展。

社交礼仪在跨文化交流中扮演着举足轻重的角色。

通过对比研究中英社交礼仪，我们可以增进对不同文化的理解和尊重，促进跨文化交流的顺利进行，为实现世界和平与发展贡献力量。

2. 提出研究中英社交礼仪对比的目的与意义随着全球化的深入发展，国际交流与合作日益频繁，不同文化背景下的社交礼仪成为影响跨文化交流成功与否的重要因素。

新时期跨文化交际背景下中西方社交礼仪的差异研究

新时期跨文化交际背景下中西方社交礼仪的差异研究◎梁璐茜礼仪是人与人之间相互表示尊重的行为规范,是人与人交流的基础。

语言是文化的载体,能反映出该民族的文化侧面。

新时期跨文化交际背景下,中西方文化在社交礼仪上存在着许多差异。

掌握中西方社交礼仪的差异以及产生的差异的原因,可以减少中西跨文化交际中的文化冲突和交际失误,达到有效交际。

因此,本文详细介绍了中西方社交礼仪上的差异,从道德伦理、价值观等角度进行对比分析,并探究产生差异的原因。

对比分析中西方社交礼仪的差异并及时采取相应交际策略,并进行深入研究。

1.中西方社交礼仪的差异1.1见面问候语的不同在中国,民以食为天,粮食是人们生活的根本。

因此,中国人打招呼时常会用“你吃了吗?”,但这句问候语实际上已失去了其字面上意义。

在如今人们日常交流中,这句话已经不用来询问信息,而是用来打招呼。

因此,回答“吃了”或“还没有吃”都是合适的。

另外值得一提的是,在中国的大部分社交场合中,中国人见面打招呼,已经不再会用“你好”了,取而代之的是“去哪里呀?”、“上班呀?”这样简洁的语言,用来问候对方,并不是实质性的提问。

然而,如果按照字面意思翻译成英文就是“Where are you going?”、“Where have you been?”这样的疑问句往往会让西方人理解为侵犯了他人的隐私,同样在西方文化中,年龄、工作单位、收入、婚姻家庭状况等话题属于个人隐私,也是非常敏感的话题。

也许是由于英美人比较讲究效率,因此不会像中国人那样热情,他们常用的打招呼语是大家非常熟悉的“Hi”、“Hello”、“How are you?”或“Good morning!”、“Good evening!”、“Good afternoon!”等。

除此之外,他们也会采取谈论天气的方式,通常的问候有“What a nice day!”“Beautiful sunny day,isn’t it?”。

然而这些看似普普通通的西式问候语会让中国人觉得不与日常交际话题直接关联,因此中国人一般不会选择这样的问候语。

浅谈跨文化交际中的中西社交礼仪差异

浅谈跨文化交际中的中西社交礼仪差异摘要：在跨文化交际日益盛行的的今天，由于中西方在社交礼仪上存在差异，中西方人士在社会交往活动中常常发生误会和冲突.因此，了解中西方社交礼仪的差异变得十分必要。

本文详细介绍了中西社交礼仪在诸多方面的差异，并对产生差异的原因进行探究，本文主要从中西方文化的差异、思维方式的不同、价值观的不同等方面进行分析.了解中西方社交礼仪的差异以及产生的差异的原因，有利于减少中西跨文化交际中社交礼仪冲突的发生。

关键字：跨文化交际；社交礼仪；差异Abstract: With intercultural communication becoming more and more popular today，misunderstandings and conflict often occur among Chinese people and foreigners in social activities owing to differences of social etiquettes。

As a consequence, knowing more about the differences becomes quite necessary. Besides, the writer analyses the causes mainly from aspects as differences of cultures，modes of think，values, and so on。

Knowing the differences of social etiquettes between china and the western country and causes，do good to reduce the conflict in intercultural communication。

Key words: Inter—cultural communication; Social Etiquettes; Difference随着中国改革开放的进一步深入，特别是在中国加入WTO以后,中西方人民的沟通愈加紧密,跨文化交际日益繁荣.由于中西方的历史与文化的不同，各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异，尤其，礼仪上的差别很大.因为不了解这些差异而引起的误会和冲突并不少见。

跨文化视域下中西方行为礼仪的差异分析

｜中外互鉴跨文化视域下中西方行为礼仪的差异分析□吴娅/文本文基于跨文化交际的角度，从社交礼仪、公共礼仪、礼貌语礼仪、身势礼仪四个方面来比较中西方行为礼仪的不同，分析差异形成的原因主要包括价值观差异、文化模式不同以及宗教观念不同，最后得出启示。

文化是一个群体精神文明的标志，富有多样性和差异性。

跨文化交际是指有着不同民族文化背景人们之间的交际，中西方行为礼仪表现出很大的差异性。

1 中西方行为礼仪的差异中西方所处的文化圈不同，这种不同首先体现在行为礼仪上。

1.1 社交礼仪的差异社交活动是人与人之间进行交际时必不可少的一部分，是人们在进行社会交往活动中形成的固有的、被大众接受且共同遵守的行为规范[1]。

社交礼仪贯穿于我们日常生活当中，涉及的内容比较广泛。

中西社交礼仪的差异主要表现在以下几个方面：1.1.1 见面打招呼的方式不同中国人在与比较亲密的人打招呼时，一般会问对方“上课吗？”“去哪儿啊？”“干啥去呀？”“吃了吗？”，但是并不需要对方做出回答。

如果关系不亲密，见面时则会微笑或点头示意；如果双方关系非常亲密，在打招呼时会一直询问对方，并且要求对方做出回答。

其次，如果对方是长辈或者上级领导，在见面时晚辈或者下级会微微弯腰，主动伸手请求握手，招呼语正式严肃。

在西方国家，人们在见面时都会互相拥抱，甚至还会亲吻对方的脸颊，一般会问对方“天气怎么样”。

在西方人看来，询问对方“去哪儿”“吃了吗”这样的询问方式不仅不礼貌而且有侵犯的意味，西方人非常注重对个人隐私的保护，强调对等的交往。

同样，中国人认为西方见面打招呼的方式过于亲密，不符合公共规范。

1.1.2 宴请方式与用餐礼仪不同中国人在邀请朋友来家里做客时比较随意，一般会提前一两天邀请对方，以口头或者电话信息的形式通知，吃饭的时间也可以根据双方的意愿调整，安排较灵活。

西方人在宴请朋友时会提前一个星期或更早的时间通知客人，时间和地点都会提前确定好，如果是重要的朋友还会有请柬，相对更正式一点。

跨文化中西社交礼仪跨文化差异比较与分析

跨文化交际礼仪课程学期论文中西社交礼仪跨文化差异比较与分析摘要:随着经济全球化的迅猛发展,中西方在政治，经济，以及文化领域上的联系日益紧密。

在这个过程中,社交礼仪无疑会起到越来越重要的作用。

社交礼仪不但能够反映出一个人的道德水准，还能折射出一个国家的文明程度。

然而,因为中西方国家在文化背景上的差异，使得它们在社交礼仪方面也有着很多不同之处。

我们必须对这两种礼仪文化之间的差异有一个较为清楚的了解.关键词:现代社交礼仪中西礼仪起源中西礼仪文化差异中西社交文化特征跨文化交际正文:人无礼则不立，事无礼则不成,国无礼则不宁。

一个没有礼仪的社会是一个不成熟的社会，一个没有礼仪的民族则是一个不和谐的民族。

礼仪是一个社会，一个国家立足世界的基础，创建和谐社会，必须先有统一的礼仪。

社交礼仪可以被定义为人们在社会交往中所必须参照的标准的行为准则，比如相互尊重和友好。

现代社交礼仪泛指人们在社会交往活动过程中形成的应共同遵守的行为规范和准则，具体表现为礼节、礼貌、仪式、仪表等，也称现代交际礼仪。

中国自古就被称为“礼仪之邦”．但是有时候，中国人在西方人眼里被认为是不礼貌的.这种中西方在社交礼仪上的差异是由于不同的历史和文化背景造成的。

下面来谈谈现代社交礼仪的的内容可以分为礼节、礼貌、仪式、仪表等。

礼节可以理解为礼仪节度,是人们在社会交往过程中表示致意、问候、祝愿等惯用形式。

礼貌可以理解为人们相互交往过程中表示敬重、友好的行为规范。

仪式可以解释为具有专门程序、规范化的活动。

仪表可以理解为外表，包括容貌、服饰、姿态、举止等。

那么现代社交礼仪应该怎么去分类呢?现代社交礼仪的表现就礼仪使用的媒介把礼仪表现分为语言类礼仪、身体语言类礼仪、饰物类礼仪、酒宴类礼仪。

语言类礼仪：语音类、口语类和书面类。

饰物类礼仪:由服饰、化装美容等代表的礼仪;通过各种物品代表的礼仪.酒宴类礼仪:通过设宴喝酒吃饭表示对客人的尊重和欢迎的礼节。

“劝君更进一杯酒，西出阳关无故人”。

浅谈跨文化交际中的中西方社交礼仪的差异

课外知识拓展
! 梁璐茜

礼仪是一种文化 ! 是人与人之间的交流规则 " 礼仪是由风俗或传统逐渐演变 ! 再经过专门规定而形成的一种行为规范 " 它既是一种语言 ! 也是一种工具 " 而语言是文化的载体和折射镜 ! 是文化的组成部分 ! 同时也是我们日常沟通的主要工具 " 文化是一个社会全部物质文明和精神文明的总和 " 所以礼仪与文化有着极密切的关系 " 由于中国和以英美为代表的西方国家之间的文化背景不同 ! 所以中西两种语言在文化上有着很大的差异 " 在跨文化交际日益盛行的的今天 ! 了解中西方社交礼仪的差异以及产生的差异的原因 ! 有利于减少中西跨文化交际中社交礼仪冲突的发生 " 因此 ! 本文对产生差异的原因进行了探究 ! 并详细介绍了中西社交礼仪在诸多方面的差异 " #% 社交礼仪差异产生的原因 "#" 受环境因素的影响在中西方日常礼仪差异方面 ! 环境起着重要的作用 " 英国人见面经常谈论天气 # 而中国人总是问 $ 你吃了吗 % &" 这反映了两国人民处于不同的自然环境中 !所关心的事物不同 " 中国有句古话 ’民以食为天 &!这说明我们把吃看得与天一样重要 " 中国人是很重视 ’ 吃 & 是因为我们这个民族在过去几千年里面对的是恶劣的自然环境 ! 生产力水平较低下 ! 人们总是吃不饱 ! 所以才会有一种独特的把吃看得重于一切的文化 " 这是出于生存的需要 " 而在英国 ! 人们之所以关心天气 ! 是因为那里的天气经常变幻无常 !属于海洋性气候 " "$% 受价值取向的影响中国文化是集体价值取向型 " 中国的核心价值是儒家思想 " 中国人特别注重家庭的伦理以及每个人在家庭中的位置 ! 在这种环境中成长起来的年轻人都会

跨文化交际中的中美文化差异

跨文化交际中的中美文化差异随着全球化的推进，跨文化交际越来越成为日常生活和工作的重要组成部分。

在这个背景下，理解和处理好中美文化差异对于促进有效沟通和建立良好关系具有重要意义。

本文将探讨中美文化差异的表现、影响及应对措施，以增进人们对跨文化交际的理解。

价值观方面：中美两国在价值观上存在明显差异。

美国强调个人主义和自由，注重个人权利和独立思考。

而中国注重集体主义和和谐，强调群体利益和社会秩序。

语言方面：中文和英文是两种截然不同的语言，具有各自独特的文化内涵。

例如，中文里的成语、谚语和典故等，往往没有直接对应的英文表达，这给跨文化交流带来一定难度。

习俗方面：中美两国在社交礼仪、饮食习惯、节日庆祝等方面也存在显著差异。

例如，中国人注重礼尚往来，喜欢在饭桌上交流；而美国人则更注重隐私和独立，不轻易接受礼物。

中美文化差异对跨文化交际产生的影响主要体现在以下方面：沟通难度：由于价值观、语言和习俗的差异，中美两国在沟通时容易产生误解和障碍，影响交流效果。

文化冲突：不同的文化背景可能导致人们在处理问题时产生分歧和冲突，影响双方的关系。

为了有效应对中美文化差异，以下措施值得借鉴：学习对方的文化特点：了解对方的文化背景、价值观、语言和习俗，以便在交流中更好地理解和适应。

适应文化差异：尊重对方的文化习惯，不轻易评价和批评，而是以开放的心态去适应和接受。

中美文化差异是跨文化交际中不可忽视的重要因素。

为了确保有效的沟通和建立良好的关系，我们应当深入了解和尊重这种差异。

通过学习对方的文化特点、适应文化差异等措施，我们可以更好地应对中美文化差异带来的挑战。

在全球化的背景下，对中美文化差异的理解和处理好对对于促进有效沟通和建立良好关系至关重要。

随着全球化的推进，跨文化交际越来越成为日常生活和工作的重要组成部分。

在这个背景下，理解和探讨中美文化价值观的差异对于促进有效沟通和减少误解具有重要意义。

本文将从中美文化差异的历史、文化传承、文化交流等方面进行分析，并对比两种文化价值观的优劣之处，最后提出建议。

中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究

2014 届中美在跨文化交际中商务礼仪的对比研究A Comparative Study of Sino-US Business Etiquette inCross-Cultural Communication学院：英语学院专业：英语班级：英语1017班学号：0307101734学生姓名：经玲玲指导教师：沈妍斐日期：摘要随着中国经济的快速发展，国际间的贸易往来日趋频繁。

商务礼仪作为国际商务交流中一个重要的环节，对国际商务活动的顺利进行起着至关重要的作用。

本论文主要探讨中美在跨文化交际中的商务礼仪，旨在找出中美两国商务礼仪的差异性，并探讨引起该差异性的原因，完善商务谈判礼仪研究，从谈判礼仪研究理论就如何在国际商务谈判礼仪的运用做了初步的探讨，以期达到提高国际商务谈判的成功性，增强商务人士综合运用英语的能力。

在国际商务谈判中了解各国不同文化，熟悉商业活动的文化差异，懂得并掌握必要的礼仪与礼节，从而树立良好的个人形象和公司形象，促进对外谈判的成功，提高公司乃至整个国家的国际竞争力。

关键词：商务礼仪；跨文化交际；差异AbstractWith the rapid development of China’s economy, international trade has become increasingly frequent. As an important link in international business communication, business etiquette plays a vital role in smooth negotiation of the international business activities. This paper is mainly about the Sino-US business etiquette in the cross-cultural communication, to point out the differences of business etiquette between China and the United States and to explore the causes of the differences, to perfect business negotiation etiquette study. The study of the application of negotiation etiquette in the international business negotiation is made in order to improve international business negotiation and enhance businessm en’s comprehensive ability to use English.In international business negotiations to understand the different culture, be familiar with the business activities of the cultural differences, understand and master the necessary etiquette and manners, so as to establish a good personal image and corporate image, promote the success of business negotiation, company and even the whole country's international competitiveness.Key words: business etiquette; cross-cultural communication; differenceTable of Contents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1 Introduction (1)2 Manifestations of Differences in Business Etiquette (1)2.1 Different meeting etiquette (1)2.1.1 Title (1)2.1.2 Communicative language (2)2.1.3 Greetings (2)2.2 Different dining etiquette (3)2.2.1 Seating arrangements (3)2.2.2 Diet atmosphere (3)2.2.3 Dinner manners (4)2.3 Different social etiquette (5)2.3.1 Concept of time (5)2.3.2 Social distance (5)3. Analysis From the Cultural Dimension (6)3.1 Concept of time (6)3.2 Concept of space (6)3.3 Concept of value (7)3.4 Nonverbal habits (7)4. Strategies (7)4.1 From the perspective of China (7)4.2 From the perspective of the United States (8)5. Conclusion (8)References (9)摘要、abstract粗体Reference 四号字体1. IntroductionSince China has been a large international country, there are more and more international trade and economic cooperation. International business communication inevitably happens through the whole process of business activities. Business etiquette is a very critical aspect that nonverbal communication is applied, and it is used on all kinds of business occasions. Sometimes one mistake could lead to the failure of business. Although the writer has listed many applications of business etiquette, the readers could keep on improving their business communicational skills by practicing and observing daily business etiquette. Most of the studies focus on the language itself and the differences between two kinds of culture. However, how to use business etiquette properly depends on various situations, which is often neglected by the researchers. This thesis is supposed to probe into the cultural differences between China and western countries and explore the features, functions and classifications of business etiquette. Moreover, since business etiquette has been drawing more and more attention these years, this thesis will give some new ideas applied business etiquette. Because culture influences etiquette, the values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are vastly different from culture to culture. With such different cultural backgrounds between China and America, the business etiquette of the two countries is different beyond question. The significance of writing this research is to help us to understand some new theories or principles in culture and the business etiquette. And then we can choose the correct way we can choose to do in the trade activities. Finally, the cooperation between our China and the United States will be more successful.2. Manifestations of differences in business etiquette2.1 Different meeting etiquetteDifferent meeting etiquette can be analyzed in title, communicative language, and greetings, which are illustrated as follows.2.1.1 TitleIn general, Chinese and English address forms in business activity are noticeably different in the following aspects.First, in English, the “Dr.”and “Prof.” are highly honored and frequently used. But in China, most professional titles can be used as address terms. What is more, position titles in Chinese are far more widely accepted and employed in China than in the west. In China, when people meet in business occasions, they would first select position titles to show the highest respect and politeness, otherwise it would be regarded as rudeness. The position titles in Chinese are various. They can be employed alone, such as“局长”, or with surname added before, such as“李局长”. If a person has other position titles or professional titles, the higher rank position titles would be the first selection. However, in English, one never hears English speakers address others as Bureau Director Johnson,Manager Tom, and Principal Smith. Only a few position titles would be used such as “President”“Dean” “Judge” “Governor”“Mayor”. At last, western people in business are more pragmatic in addressing others by position titles. For example, they will address vice-general manager instead of “General Manager”which is more accustomed to Chinese.2.1.2 Communicative languageIn China, modesty is a virtue, and low-key is an attitude, but in the U.S. People always want to compliment each other to make a positive evaluation and a positive response to his praise. These different compliments are connected with the two countries’ different culture. Chinese are so shy and modest, so when others give compliments to him or her, the person would say, “no, no, I am not so good. You are overstating the point”, if an American is complimenting you and you give them this response, they will think you are different from others and cannot be understood easily. Americans like to say “t hank you” all the time, even among their family members. They think it is a good way to express their own gratitude to others. A good case in point is that a foreigner came to China to pay a visit to his friend. When he saw his friend’s wife, he said, “Your wife is very beautiful.” But his friend answered with humility, “w here, where.” The foreigner was totally at a loss, and answered with puzzlement, “e verywhere.” When it comes to westerners, some Chinese people will hold the idea that they are too narcissistic and self-confident, at the same time, the westerners will be very surprised on hearing them denying the praises and their own achievements, in fact, the self-deprecating way of Chinese people will create a false sense for foreigners who do not understand the traditional cultural practices of China. However, Westerners do not have such habits, when they are praised, they always feel very happy and say thank you to symbolize praise accepted. For example, when a person says, “Your hairstyle looks gorgeous!” to another man, the man will say, “Thank you very much.”2.1.3 GreetingsYou should extend enthusiasm and hospitality to all guests. When people are showing the way to guests, the proper way is to walk on the left side of them. People in charge of reception should walk side by side with guests, avoiding lagging behind, while other escorts should walk behind guests and main escorts. After accompanying visitors to the door, you’d better look after them for a while until you cannot see them, and close the door gently if it is necessary. Otherwise, it is very impolite to slam the door, which will possibly destroy all the affection you have nursed carefully during the visit.Firstly, English greeting often indicate the time of the day, while Chinese greetings have no such indication. For exa mple, in English “g ood morning”is often used from early morning to lunchtime and it can be used in formal informational occasion. But “Good morning” in English cannot correspond with “您好” in Chinese which does not indicate the same time. “您早” in Chinese is often used in a very short time from earlymorning to breakfast. Therefore, it will cause unpleasantness if you greet Chinese people with “您早” after 10 o’clock in the morning because he/she will think this is an ironical remark. Another distinction is that English greetings usually ask general questions about someone’s work, life and health, but some Chinese greetings sound more specific and are often considered as a preliminary remark to a request for information instead of greetings by westerners. The Chinese people often use “你吃过饭了吗?”(“Have you had your meal?”) “干什么去?”(“Where are you going?”) to greet acquaintance. But these kinds of greetings often confuse the foreigners because they don’t know these are the common way used by Chinese people to express their concern for friends. On the other hand, the western people often discuss about the weather when they meet each other. They often say, “It’s a fine day, isn’t it?”“What is the weather like today?” Or“Do you think it will rain/snow?” And Chinese people are not accustomed to this kind of greetings. In short, in order to avoid misunderstanding, we can use the Chinese way to greet Chinese people and use the English way to greet English people.2.2 Different Dining Etiquette2.2.1 Seating ArrangementsSeating arrangement is a very important part of business etiquette, which is often considered as whether you treat business partner properly or politely. On formal business occasions, especially on international business occasions, inappropriate seating arrangements will have serious influence on business communication.1) In a vehicleThere is a strict system of etiquettes when taking seats in vehicles, especially in cars. Even in the same car, way of taking seats differs according to the status of the driver. For example, if a professional driver is driving the car, the seat next to the driver is presumed to be “Retinue Seat”, always taken by retinue, secretaries, and bodyguards. However, if leaders or hosts drive in person, the seat next to him is superior to other seats and regarded as the seat taken by the main guest.2) In a meetingMost of the tables used in a formal business meeting are horizontal tables. Horizontal tables mean bar- or ellipse-shaped tables that are placed horizontally in the meeting room. Visiting party sit facing the door while host party is in front of the door. The host and main guests sit face to face in the middle of all the seats, and others take seats in an order from right to left, from high to low in accordance with their positions. As for domestic talks, assistants should sit on the left side of their hosts. However, interpreters often take seats on the left side of the host in international negotiation.2.2.2 Diet atmosphereChinese people like the lively atmosphere diet, but Americans are pursuit of elegance, quiet atmosphere. Chinese people like to get together with others at the table and they will say “干杯” in Chinese and hope all of others can stand up and hit the cup.Chinese people attach great importance to the collectivism so that they are accustomed to drinking a lot and letting others drink a lot, too. Chinese like to show their hospitality to their guests, so when they are having a dinner around a table, the Chinese host intends to pour the wine and serve the dishes again and again in case those guests cannot eat happily or not contented with their dishes. But this kind of behavior will annoy Americans because they think that they are loaded with so much food. Instead, in American’s mind, they prefer the “Help yourself, please”. Therefore, Americans like to be quite during the whole dining process. They like the gentle ways of eating and they hate others to be noisy.2.2.3 Dinner mannersThe purpose of dining with business partners is not merely to eat or drink, but to extend the business meeting during the dinner. Even when business is not being discussed, a great deal of business can be done by extending the depth of a relationship, by communicating equally and respectively, and by repairing any overt hostility that may have come out during a meeting (王忠伟，蒲岸华，李洪娜，胡迎春, 2007: 21). Business people go to restaurants and bars, where inhibitions are reduced and friendships are formed. In many cultures, business is not talked about during the dinner, while in the United States, it is not considered rude to deal with specifics of business. Time and place of dining also vary with different cultures. In some parts of the world the main meal is at noon while in other countries it is in the evening. In some cultures, business meals are eaten in private homes while in other cultures they are usually eaten at restaurants.The manner of eating differs widely. One noticeable difference between the settings on Chinese dinner table and a western one is that in the west you will have your own plate of food, while in China all the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares (Hudson, R.A 67). In western eating style, people cut the meat with the knife held in the right hand and the fork in the left, then place the knife on the plate, shift the fork to the right hand. Chinese use chopsticks especially for eating rice but use a spoon to drink soup. They appreciate foreigners’ attempting to use chopsticks and are often willing to demonstrate the correct usage. Chinese dinner usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, which are to be followed by the main courses of hot meat, and vegetable dishes. Soup will then be served, which is followed by dessert, noodles or dumplings. Chinese food enjoys a high reputation in the world due to its exquisite taste and charming appearance. In the United States, a formal lunch usually consists of two or three courses, and a formal dinner consists of three to seven courses. Drinking is always involved in many social entertainments. Most of the rest of the world still enjoys a tipple during lunch and at after-hours meetings in connection with business. In China alcohol is a part of Chinese folklore and has a long history. Chinese hospitality requires that people toast each other and drink heartily. Formal toast is still the norm in China that the host usually proposes a toast with "Gan bei" (bottoms up). Most Chinese like eating spicy food andanimal organs. Some people eat dogs and cats in northern part of China. Chinese like to sit during the dinner to show sincerity. Strong white liquor and beer are the most common spirits. They rarely eat animal organs or feet and most of them dislike eating spicy food and never eat dogs and cats.2.3 Different Social Etiquette2.3.1 Concept of timeTime talks. In most Western cultures, punctuality communicates respect and tardiness can be an insult. A late message, whether term paper, business report, or press release, is likely to have undesirable consequences. In other cultures, however, timeliness is an insult. Time communicates role relationships and status. The “boss” may walk right into the subordinate office, while the subordinate knocks before entry the boss's office. Studies have verified that the lower the status of the visitor is, the longer he or she waits before getting into the office. The element of time can also communicate alarm.All cultures take their own time system for granted and believe other cultures operate with the same time frame. Thus misunderstanding is inevitable. In the United States, people have all learned that the boss can arrive late for a meeting without anyone raising an eyebrow, if the secretary is late, he or she may receive a reprimand in the form of a stern glance. However, for the Chinese, respect is a key value. Chinese usually show this value by arriving earlier for business as demonstration of respect for someone whom they do not know.2.3.2 Social distanceChinese culture is mainly a collective one. As for the Chinese personal distance, there is no mature resea rching result. The Chinese think that Americans’ far personal distance means unfriendliness. In addition, while conversing with the opposite sex, the personal distance between Chinese is bigger than that of Americans. As with other forms of nonverbal communicate feelings and emotions, physical contact vanes communication, the use of touch to from culture to culture. In the United States it is generally avoided in conversation among ordinary friends or acquaintances. Merely touching someone may cause an unpleasantly reaction. If one touches another person accidentally, he/she utters an apology such as “Sorry”, “Oh, I'm sorry”, “Excuse me” etc. The traditional Chinese use the seating arrangement or show their respect to the most powerful or the eldest people.Culture influences even the manner and the meaning in seating arrangements. For example, Americans, when in groups, tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. This pattern also influences how they select leaders when in groups: in most instances, the people seating at the head of the table is chosen. In America, leaders usually are accustomed to being somewhat removed physically from the rest of the group and consequently choose the chairs at the end the table. In China, seating arrangements take on different meanings. The Chinese often experiencealienation and uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on the opposite sides of a desk or a table from someone; it makes them feel as if they were on trial. In addition, Americans' seating arrangement on a dinner party is different from Chinese. The main difference is: Chinese usually seat the most honorable guests at the most conspicuous places while English people or the Americans usually arrange them in the seats closest to the host; in a party, the husband and the wife often sit together, while Americans often try to separate them. Americans often avoid seating two males or females together, while Chinese try to seat people of the same sex together.3. Analysis From the Cultural Dimension3.1 Concept of timeDifferent concept of time in the behavior of business etiquette is mainly reflected in the following three aspects. The Chinese people like to arrange a time more casually, less emphasizing on reservation. However, Americans pay special attention to make an appointment. They arrange general business activities, and they carried out arrangements at least two weeks in advance to arrange an appointment. If you encounter a particularly important thing, you need at least two months before to make an appointment. Westerners’ concept of time is linked with the concept of money. In the U.S, if people want to pay a visit to someone, they have to give a prior notice or make an agreement with the other side, and explain the purpose of visit. Besides, the appointed time and place should be agreed upon before proceeding. In contrast, Chinese people are more used to the flexibility and arbitrariness of time. Sometimes, an appointment may be just a temporary decision that it is even made just half an hour earlier, and the appointed time is also not too strict, a few minutes late is a very common situation. Moreover, the excuses for late are diverse, like the traffic jam or some emergencies so that people can do noting about it. Generally speaking, Chinese people are not as strict as the Westerners on the concept of time, they always take that for granted and do not feel anything improper, but Westerners often feel unaccustomed to it.3.2 Concept of spaceDifferent concept of space in the behavior of business etiquette is mainly reflected in the use of space business establishments. In China, the general manager’s office is in the center of all the offices, but in the United States, the president of the company’s gene ral offices are generally located on the top floor of the building’s edge, followed by the contact distance business partners. The spatial distance from Chinese people and their business partners is related to the social class and status. Nowadays, hand shaking has become a custom to show hospitality and friendliness in many countries. Sometimes the gestures or facial expression cannot help with communication; some people would like to use the touching behavior. They hope to touch others in order to cause their attention and make sure whether others are listening to him or not, although there is a so-called the sense of distance in different counties. They would like to use the hand shaking to showtheir friendliness and the hug to show greeting between two sides. If one side have a touch on the body of another part unintentionally, he or she will always apology by saying “sorry” or “oh, I' m sorry”. Consequently, speakers usually do not stand too close to others unless the opposite side shows appreciation and asks for more closure. So when touching others, it is important to remember the distance between them, otherwise, hatred or anger will be caused by touching others (万玉兰. 1998, 43).3.3 Concept of valueIndividualism is regarded as the basic orientation of Western culture. Broadly speaking, the Westerners express strong interest in them. Each individual is unique and free. They prefer to regard themselves as independent and separate from others. And the expressions such as “self-confidence, self-interests and self-esteem” are popular forms to be seen. Children want to be far from the influence of their family and relatives. Almost every America believes that only God can help him or her. In this culture, each person is eager to become a person who has the right to own his or her private business, who has the freedom to express his or her thoughts and opinions, and who has the right to do what he or she wants. It is sure that individual identity and individual rights are given more attention by every Westerner. Chinese culture puts emphasis on social relationships as opposed to Western culture emphasizing on individuals. Obviously, it is greatly affected by the thoughts of Confucianism, which guide Chinese people to do something properly. “Ran”, the most important principle underlying almost all aspects of the people’s life in the Chinese context, deals with relationship, which is the most important characteristic in the collectivist societies. Obviously, relationship must be the predominant value in China. As a matter of fact, every person, ever since he or she was born, was placed into complex and orderly warps and woofs of hierarchical relationships. Though people’s social status may be unequal, they are equally essential in making the whole society operate.3.4 Nonverbal habitsWhen Chinese people talk with others, sometimes they will hand over their mouths to prevent the saliva, but Americans will think they are telling the lies mistakenly, Chinese people believe that a lady bends her little finger when she holds a cup is very elegant, but Americans hold the idea that it is an act of pretending to be elegant or she doesn’t want to touch things with fingers at all. However, some body languages are unique in the American culture, like the Americans are likely to move their rings when they are in the mood of anxiety and nervousness, but Chinese do not share this behavior.4. Strategies4.1 From the Perspective of ChinaAs the saying goes: “Do in Rome as the Romans do”. So when we go to another country or interact with foreigners, we should respect their culture. We cannot ask them to change their customs, religion, habits and so on. If possible, we can set up an English corner where foreigners get together and we share the culture with each other. Sincetoday’s world is globalized, we need to encompass different cultures to avoid the cultural conflicts. For instance, our country has established the “Confucius College” in the western countries to spread our culture to the whole world. Thus, it is very convenient for foreigners to get a good command of Chinese culture. Our Chinese students choose to study abroad to expand their knowledge as well. Before the initial contact with the United States, many business partners should understand the other’s culture, business etiquette, manners and timely adjust their behavior to create a relaxed business environment and make the business between the two countries proceed smoothly and successfully.4.2 From the Perspective of the United StatesUnited States is a powerful country, so that it is necessary for the country to learn as much as mutely-culture to strengthen the power. In terms of Chinese traditional cultures, the U.S needs to get to know the values of Chinese, the patter thoughts of China and their corresponding customs or habits. It grows quickly, and the Sino-US business cooperation is increasingly close. In order to reduce the conflicts, people should know the differences well in cultures and business etiquettes between China and America. Different Chinese and Western cultures lead to different business etiquette on their performance. Another point is, a s the preventative of the western culture,t he United States also has its own cultural background, which is different from other Western countries.5. ConclusionNowadays, all the people around the world see that China becomes a strong and rich country. It grows quickly, and the Sino-US business cooperation is increasingly close. In order to reduce the conflicts, people should know the differences well in cultures and business etiquettes between China and America. In a different cultural environment, everyone is not the same business perspective, the perspective of thinking is not the same, and so the approach to the problem is also not the same. So we have more reason to study this in depth. We must find out the effects of different cultural environment caused by human activity. 不是研究的必要性，是本研究得出的结论，请明确指出来。