南京市2020年鼓楼区一模试题(含答案).
2020年南京鼓楼一模语文卷
2020年南京鼓楼一模语文卷1.请用正楷或行楷将下面的句子抄写在方格中。
（3分）恰同学少年，风华正茂。
2.用诗文原句填空。
（6分）（1）儿童散学归来早，忙趁东风放纸鸢。
（高鼎《村居》）（2）河流大野犹嫌束，山入潼关不解平。
（谭嗣同《潼关》）（3）少年不识愁滋味，爱上层楼。
（辛弃疾《丑奴儿·书博山道中壁》）（4）黄发垂髫，并怡然自乐。
（陶渊明《桃花源记》）（5）古诗文中还有不少与少年儿童有关的句子，请再默写两句。
（本试卷中出现的诗句除外）最喜小儿无赖，溪头卧剥莲蓬/爱上层楼，为赋新词强说愁/儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来/借问酒家何处有，牧童遥指杏花村/牧童骑黄牛，歌声振林樾/少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲/南村群童欺我老无力，忍能对面为盗贼/始龀，跳往助之（一）阅读下面文章，完成3-6题。
（17分）船苏童到常熟去的客船每天早晨经过我家窗外的河道，是轮船公司的船，所以船只用蓝色和白色的油漆分成两个部分，客舱的白色和船体的蓝色泾渭分明，使那条船显得气宇轩昂。
每天从河道里经过无数的船，我最喜欢的就是去常熟的客船，我曾经在美术本上画过那艘轮船，美术老师看见那份美术作业，很吃惊，说，没想到你画船能画得这么好。
孩提时代的一切都是易于解释的，孩子们的涂鸦往往在无意中表露了他的挚爱，而我对船舶的喜爱甚至一直延续到了今天。
我记忆中的苏州内河水道是洁净而明亮的，六七十年代经济迟滞不动，我家乡的河水却每天都在流动，流动的河水中经过了无数驶向常熟太仓或昆山的船。
最常见的是运货的驳船队，七八条驳船拴接在一起，被一条火轮牵引着，突突地向前行驶，我能清晰地看见火轮上正在下棋的两个工人，看见前驳船上的一对对夫妇和他们的孩子，让我关注的就是驳船上的那一个个家，一个个年龄与我相仿的孩子。
这种处于漂浮和行进中的生活在我眼里是一种神秘的诱惑。
我热zhōng于对船的观察或许隐藏了一个难以表露的动机，这与母亲的一句随意的玩笑有关，我不记得那时候我有多大，也不知道母亲是在何种情况下说了这句话，她说，你不是我生的，你是从船上抱来的。
南京市2020年鼓楼区一模试题(含答案)培训资料
南京市2020年鼓楼区一模试题(含答案)鼓楼区2020年模拟考试数学注意事项：1．本试卷共6页．全卷满分120分．考试时间为120分钟．考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效．2．请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上．3．答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效．4．作图必须用2B铅笔作答，并请加黑加粗，描写清楚．一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分．在每小题所给出的四个选项中，恰有一项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题．．卡．相应位置．．．．上）1．“鼓楼e学校—停课不停学在线课堂”在此次疫情期间为全国师生提供鼓楼教育的“云服务”，课程日均访问量达1200000．用科学记数法表示1200000是A．0.12×106 B．1.2×107 C．1.2×106 D．12×1052．4表示4的A．平方B．平方根C．算术平方根D．立方根3．数轴上，点A、B分别表示－1、7，则线段AB的中点C表示的数是A．2B．3C．4D．54．已知5≤a≤7，4≤b≤6，则a＋b的整数部分可以是A．9B．10C．11D．125．某班37名同学中只有1位同学身高是165cm．若除甲、乙外其余35名同学身高的平均数和中位数都是165cm，则该班37名同学身高的平均数a和中位数b（单位：cm），不可能是A．a＞165，b＝165B．a＜165，b＝165C．a＜165，b＝164D．a＝165，b＝1666． 如图， A 、B 两地相距a m ，它们之间有一半径为r 的圆形绿地（r ＜a2），绿地圆心位于AB 连线的中点O 处，分别过A 、B 作⊙O 的切线相交于C ，切点分别为D 、E ．现规划两条驾车路径：①B →E →C →D →A ； ②B →E →（沿⌒ED ）→D →A ，则下列说法正确的是 A ．①较长 B ．②较长 C ．①②一样长 D ．以上皆有可能二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．不需写出解答过程，请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置．．．．．．．上） 7．写出一个数，使这个数等于它的倒数： ▲ ．8．若式子x －1在实数范围内有意义，则x 的取值范围是 ▲ ． 9．计算32＋12的结果是 ▲ ．10．方程2x －3＝3x 的解是 ▲ ． 11．已知方程2x 2＋4x －3＝0的两根分别为x 1、x 2，则x 1＋x 2＝ ▲ ，x 1x 2＝ ▲ ．12．数据2，3，2，3，5的方差是 ▲ ．13．若正比例函数y ＝k 1x 的图像与反比例函数y ＝k 2x 的图像都经过点（2，3），则k 1x ＝k 2x 的 解是 ▲ ．14． 如图，O 是正五边形ABCDE 的中心，连接BD 、OD ，则∠BDO ＝ ▲ °． 15． 如图，BC 是⊙O 的切线，D 是切点．连接BO 并延长，交⊙O 于E 、A ，过A 作AC ⊥BC ，垂足为C ．若BD ＝8，BE ＝4，则AC ＝ ▲ ．（第6题）16．用若干个相同的小正方体搭一个几何体，该几何体的主视图、俯视图如图所示．若小正方体的棱长为1，则搭成的几何体的表面积是 ▲ ． 三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共88分．请在答题卡指定区域．．．．．．．内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤） 17．（7分）计算a a －1 ＋ 3a －1 1－a 2 ．18．（7分）（1）解不等式5x ＋2≥3(x －1)，并把它的解集在数轴上表示出来．（2）写出一个实数k ，使得不等式x ＜k 和（1）中的不等式组成的不等式组恰有3个整数解．123（第18题）－3 －2 －1（第14题）ABCDOE（第15题）主视图俯视图 （第16题）•19．（7分）如图，已知AB ∥CD ，直线EF 分别交直线AB 、CD 于点G 、H ，GI 、HI 分别平分∠BGH 、∠GHD ．（1）求证GI ⊥HI ．（2）请用文字概括（1）所证明的命题： ▲ ．20．（8分）下面是某区1 500名小学生和初中生的视力情况和他们每节课课间户外活动平均时长的统计图．（1）根据图1，计算该区1 500名学生的近视率；ABCDEFGHI （第19题）0~2分钟2~4分钟 4~6分钟 6~8分钟 8分钟以上 图3 某区1 500名小学生和初中生每节课课间户外活动平均时长分布统计图 图1 某区1 500名小学生和初中生近视情况条形统计图人 数 人数图2 某区1 500名小学生和初中生各年级近视率折线统计图 人 数人数（2）根据图2，从两个不同的角度描述该区1 500名学生各年级近视率的变化趋势；（3）根据图1、图2、图3，描述该区1 500名学生近视率和所在学段（小学、初中）、每节课课间户外活动平均时长的关系．21．（8分）（1）不透明的袋子A 中装有红球1个、白球1个，不透明的袋子B 中装有红球1个、白球2个，这些球除颜色外无其他差别．分别从两个袋子中随机摸出一个球，求摸出的两个球颜色不同的概率；（2）甲、乙两人解同一道数学题，甲正确的概率为13，乙正确的概率为14，则甲乙恰有一人正确的概率是 ▲ ．22．（8分）点E 、F 分别是菱形ABCD 边BC 、CD 上的点． （1）如图，若CE ＝CF ，求证AE ＝AF ；（2）判断命题“若AE ＝AF ，则CE ＝CF ”的真假．若真，请证明；若假，请在备用图上画出反例．23．（8分）某工厂生产A 、B 、C 三种产品，这三种产品的生产数量均为x 件．（第22题）A BC D E F（备用图）A BCD它们的单件成本和固定成本如下表：（注：总成本＝单件成本×生产数量＋固定成本）（1）若产品A 的总成本为y A ，则y A 关于x 的函数表达式为 ▲ ． （2）当x ＝1 000时，产品A 、B 的总成本相同．①求a ；②当x ≤2 000时，产品C 的总成本最低，求b 的取值范围．24．（8分）如图，△ABC 内接于⊙O ，∠BAC ＝45°，AD ⊥BC ，垂足为D ，BD＝6，DC ＝4． （1）求⊙O 的半径； （2）求AD 的长．25．（8分）如图，用一个平面去截正方体ABCDEFGH ，得到了三棱锥S －DPQ ．若∠SPD ＝45°，∠SQD ＝37°，PQ ＝1，求SD 的长．24题）（参考数据：sin37°≈0.6，cos37°≈0.8，tan37°≈0.75．）26．（10分）已知y 是x 的二次函数，该函数的图像经过点A （0，5）、B （1，2）、C （3，2）．（1）求该二次函数的表达式，画出它的大致图像并标注顶点及其坐标； （2）结合图像，回答下列问题：①当1≤x ≤4时，y 的取值范围是 ▲ ；②当m ≤x ≤m ＋3时，求y 的最大值（用含m 的代数式表示）； ③是否存在实数m 、n （m ≠n ），使得当m ≤x ≤n 时，m ≤y ≤n ？若存在，请求出m 、n ；若不存在，请说明理由．27．（9分）如图，已知矩形纸片ABCD ．怎样折叠，能使边AB 被三等分？（第25题）DSPQA BCD以下是小红的研究过程．①②③（1）整理小红的研究过程，说明AN＝NQ＝QB；（2）用一种与小红不同的方法折叠，使边AB被三等分．（需简述折叠方法并画出示意图）鼓楼区2019-2020学年度第二学期调研测试卷九年级数学参考答案及评分标准说明：本评分标准每题给出了一种解法供参考，如果考生的解法与本解答不同，参照本评分标准的精神给分．一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分．）二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分．）7．1 （答案不唯一） 8．x ≥0 9．2 2 10．x ＝9 11．－2，－32 12．65 13．x 1＝2，x 2＝－2． 14．18° 15．485 16．28或30 三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共88分．）17．（本题7分）解：a a －1 ＋ 3a －11－a 2＝a a －1 － 3a －1a 2－1＝aa －1－3a －1(a －1)(a ＋1)＝a (a ＋1)－(3a －1)(a －1)(a ＋1)＝a 2＋a －3a ＋1(a －1)(a ＋1)＝(a －1)2(a －1)(a ＋1)＝a －1a ＋1． ................................................................................................. 7分18．（本题7分）（1）解：去括号，得5x ＋2≥3x －3．移项，得5x －3x ≥－3－2． 合并同类项，得2x ≥－5．系数化为1，得x ≥－52． ..................................................................... 3分这个不等式的解集在数轴上表示如下图所示．......................................... 5分（2）答案不唯一，例如k ＝1． .................................................................. 7分19．（本题7分） （1）证明：∵ AB ∥CD ， ∴ ∠BGH ＋∠GHD ＝180°．∵ GI 、HI 分别平分∠BGH 、∠GHD ，∴ ∠HGI ＝12∠BGH ，∠GHI ＝12∠GHD ．∴ ∠HGI ＋∠GHI ＝12∠BGH ＋12∠GHD ＝12(∠BGH ＋∠GHD )＝12×180°＝90°．∴ ∠I ＝90°．∴ GI ⊥HI ． ......................................................................................................... 5分 （2）两平行直线被第三条直线所截得的一对同旁内角的角平分线互相垂直．7分20．（本题8分）（1）360＋420900＋600＝7801500＝0.52，0.52×100%＝52%．答：该区1 500名学生的近视率为52%． .......................................................... 2分 （2）答案不唯一，例如：从该区1 500名学生各年级近视率折线统计图可以看出，学生年级越高，近视率也越高，其中从二年级到三年级以及从四年级到六年级学生近视率增长较快，从三年级到四年级以及从七年级到九年级学生近视率增长较慢． ..................... 5分 （3）答案不唯一，例如：从该区1 500名小学生和初中生的课间户外活动时长分布统计图可以看出，初中生约8成学生课间户外活动时长不超过6分钟，小学生只有约6成．该区600名－52初中学生近视率为420600×100%＝70%，900名小学生近视率为360900×100%＝40%，结合（2）可以看出，相对于小学生，初中学生课间户外活动时长偏少的比例较大，近视率也较高；................................................................................................................................. 8分21．（本题8分）解：（1）记袋子A 中的球为红1、白1，记袋子B 中的球为红2、白2、白3．可能结果如下：（红1，红2），（红1，白2），（红1，白3）， （白1，红2），（白1，白2），（白1，白3）． 所有可能的结果共6种，它们出现的可能性相同，其中“摸出的两个球颜色不同”（记为事件C ）包含其中3种结果．所以P (C )＝12． .............................................................................................. 6分 （2）512． ............................................................................................................... 8分22．（本题8分）证明：（1）∵ 四边形ABCD 是菱形， ∴ AB ＝AD ，CB ＝CD ，∠B ＝∠D ． ∵ CE ＝CF ，∴ CB －CE ＝CD －CF ，即BE ＝DF ． ∴ △ABE ≌△ADF ． ∴ AE ＝AF ．................................................................................................................................. 5分 （2）假命题，反例如图． ................................................................................... 8分A BCDEF23．（本题8分）解：（1）y ＝0.1x ＋1 100； .................................................................................. 2分（2）①依题意，0.1×1 000＋1 100＝0.8×1 000＋a解得， a ＝400； ............................................................................................ 5分②0.1×2 000＋1 100＝2 000b ＋200 解得， b ＝0.55；由图，若生产数量不超过2 000件时， 产品C 的总成本最低，则0＜b ≤0.55．..................................................................................................................... 8分24．（本题8分）解：（1）如图，连接OB 、O C ． ∵ ∠BAC ＝45°， ∴ ∠BOC ＝90°．∵ BD ＝6，DC ＝4，∴ BC ＝BD ＋DC ＝6＋4＝10． ∵ ∠BOC ＝90°，OB ＝OC ， ∴ OB 2＋BC 2＝2OB 2＝BC 2＝100． ∴ OB ＝52．∴ ⊙O 的半径为52． ....................................................................................... 4分（第24题）（2）连接OA ，分别过O 作OG ⊥BC ，OH ⊥AD ，垂足为G 、H ． ∴ BG ＝GC ＝12BC ＝5．∴ OG ＝12BC ＝5．∴ GD ＝BD －BG ＝6－5＝1． 易得，四边形OGDH 是矩形， ∴ HD ＝OG ＝5 ，OH ＝GD ＝1． ∴ OA ＝52，AH ＝OA 2－OH 2＝7 ． ∴ AD ＝AH ＋HD ＝7＋5＝12．答：AD ＝12． ........................................................................................................ 8分25．（本题8分）如图，设SD ＝x ．在△SDQ 中，∠SDQ ＝90°，则tan ∠SQD ＝ SDDQ ．∴ DQ ＝x tan37°．在△SDP 中，∠SDP ＝90°，则tan ∠SPD ＝ SD DP ．∴ DP ＝x tan45°＝x ． 在△PDQ 中，∠PDQ ＝90°，∴ DP 2＋DQ 2＝PQ 2，即x 2＋(x tan37°)2＝12， 解得x ＝0.6．答：SD ＝0.6． ........................................................................................... 8分26．（本题10分）解：（1）设二次函数关系式为y ＝ax 2＋bx ＋c ，二次函数的图像经过点A （0，5），所以c ＝5． 把x ＝1，y ＝2和x ＝3，y ＝2代入y ＝ax 2＋bx ＋5解得⎩⎨⎧a ＝1，b ＝－4．所以，该二次函数关系式为y ＝x 2－4x ＋5．分y ＝x 2－4x ＋5＝(x －2)2＋1，顶点坐标为（2，1），大致图像如图所示．................................................................................................................................. 4分 （2）①1≤y ≤5； ................................................................................................. 5分 ②根据图像，当m ＝12时，m ＋3＝72，此时y 的最大值是134 ； 当m ＜12时，y 的最大值是m 2－4m ＋5；当m ＞12时，y 的最大值是(m ＋3)2－4(m ＋3)＋5＝m 2＋2m ＋2． ..................... 8分③根据图像，若当m ≤x ≤n 时，m ≤y ≤n ， 则⎩⎨⎧m 2－4m ＋5＝m ，①n 2－4n ＋5＝n ．②或者⎩⎨⎧m 2－4m ＋5＝n ，①n 2－4n ＋5＝m ．② 对于⎩⎨⎧m 2－4m ＋5＝m ，①n 2－4n ＋5＝n ．②，解得⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m ＝5－52，n ＝5＋52．，结合图像，当5－52≤x ≤5＋52时，1≤y ≤5＋52，而当1≤x ≤5＋52时，1≤y ≤5＋52，所以⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m ＝1，n ＝5＋52．对于⎩⎨⎧m 2－4m ＋5＝n ，①n 2－4n ＋5＝m ．②，①－②，得m 2－n 2－4m ＋4n ＝n －m ．整理，得m 2－n 2－3m ＋3n ＝0． 因式分解，得(m －n ) (m ＋n －3)＝0． 因为m ≠n ，所以m ＋n －3＝0，即m ＝3－n ．把m ＝3－n 代入n 2－4n ＋5＝m ，解得⎩⎨⎧m ＝1，n ＝2．或者⎩⎨⎧m ＝2，n ＝1．(舍) 综上，⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧m ＝1，n ＝5＋52．或 ⎩⎨⎧m ＝1，n ＝2．． .................................................................... 10分27．（本题9分）（1）证明：由折叠，DF ＝FE ＝EG ＝GB ， ∴ DF BF ＝BG GD ＝13 . ∵ DC ∥AB ，∴ △DFM ∽△BFA ，△BGQ ∽△DG C ． ∴ DM BA ＝DF BF ＝13；BQ DC ＝BG DG ＝13． 由折叠易得，四边形ANMD 是矩形，AN ＝DM ＝13AB ，BQ ＝13DC ＝13AB ，∴ AN ＝NQ ＝QB ． ............................................................................................. 4分 （2）答案不唯一，例如：如图，①对折纸片，使A 、B 分别落在AD 、BC 上的G 、H 处，得到折痕EF ； ②继续折叠，使E 、F 分别落在AD 、BC 上的I 、J 处，得到折痕EF ，折出IJ ； ③过A 折纸片，使B 落在IJ 上的B ′处，折出AB ′，AB ′与EF 、GH 分别交于P 、Q ．P 、Q 三等分AB ．J J如图，①对折纸片，使AD 、BC 重合，得到折痕EF ．②折出DB ，展平纸片，折出AE 、CF 和DB 分别相交于G 、H ．③过G 折叠纸片，使A 、D 分别落在AB 、DC 上，得到折痕MN ；展平纸片，过H 折叠纸片，使B 、C 分别落在AB 、DC 上，得到折痕PQ ． 则N 、Q 三等分AB ．................................................................................................................................. 9分ABCDEFGHABCDEFABCDEFGH M NPQ。
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考数学一模试卷 (含解析)
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共6小题，共12.0分）1.海南省2014年用于教育的支出约为175********亿元，其中数据175********用科学记数法表示为1.75×10n，其中n的值是()A. 9B. 10C. 11D. 122.已知√a=a，那么a=()A. 0B. 0或1C. 0或−1D. 0，−1或13.如图，在数轴上，点A，B表示的数分别是−2和10，则线段AB的中点M表示的数为()A. 4B. 6C. 8D. 104.若k<√90<k+1(k是整数)，则k等于()．A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 95.以下是某校九年级10名同学参加学校演讲比赛的统计表：成绩/分80859095人数/人1252则这组数据的中位数和平均数分别为()A. 90，90B. 90，89C. 85，89D. 85，906.如图，已知AB是⊙O的直径，AD切⊙O于A，点C是EB⏜的中点，则下列结论不成立的是()A. OC//AEB. AC⊥OEC. ∠DAE=∠ABED. EC=BC二、填空题（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）7.−3的倒数是______．8.若√3−a在实数范围内有意义，则a的取值范围是______．9.计算或化简：√2×√12=________;√512=________．10.方程xx−1−2x=1的解是______．11.若方程x2+2x−3=0的两根分别为m，n，则m+n=______．12.数据3、3、4、5、5的方差是______．13.如图，反比例函数y1=k1x和正比例函数y2=k2x的图象交于A(−1,−3)、B(1,3)两点，若k1x>k2x，则x的取值范围是______．14.如图，在正六边形ABCDEF中，连接AD，AE，则∠DAE=______．15.如图，PA与⊙O相切于点A，弦AB⊥OP，垂足为C，OP与⊙O相交于点D，已知OA=2，OP=4，则弦AB的长______ ．16.长方体的主视图与俯视图如图所示，则这个长方体的表面积是．三、解答题（本大题共11小题，共88.0分）17.化简：6x2−9+13−x．18.解不等式x−52+1>x−3，并把它的解集表示在数轴上．19.①如图1，O是直线AB上一点，OE平分∠AOC，OF平分∠BOC，求证：OE⊥OF.②如图2，AB//CD，∠1=∠B，∠2=∠D.求证：BE⊥DE。
2020年南京市鼓楼区中考第一次模拟考试——英语(含答案)
2020年南京市鼓楼区中考第一次模拟考试——英语选择题（共40分）一、单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）（）1. our joy, our class came first in this year’s school football match.A.InB. AtC. ToD. For（）2.—Mum, I’m dying for food. Can we have dinner now?—Dear, let’s wait your dad comes back.A. whenB. afterC. untilD. while（）3. I prefer to go to school by underground. It’s much because the traffic is too heavy on the road in the morning.A. quickB. quickerC. cheapD. cheaper（）4. If you want to be ,you must try your best and never give up.A. somebodyB. everybodyC. anybodyD. nobody（）5.—Excuse me, would you like mind helping me with the math problem?—I’m sorry. , I’m in a hurry.A. In generalB. In factC. By the wayD. Of course（）6.—The river is becoming dirtier because the steel factory has put waste into it.—Yes. We must take action to improve the .A. conditionB. pollutionC. positionD. situation（）7.Shanghai Disneyland has attracted millions of people since it in 2016A. is openedB. was openingC. openedD. has opened（）8.—Kate, it’s midnight! Why stay up so late?—I’d like to go to bed earlier, but the test paper be handed in tomorrow morning.A. mayB. shouldC. canD. must（）9.—I’m still wonde ring which school our son should choose.—him alone, he can make up his mind.A. LeaveB. KeepC. LetD. Allow（）10.—What is the most popular TV programme this year, Li Hua?—I think Readers that by CCTV.A. is heldB. are heldC. is holdingD. are holding（）11. Mary works very hard because she doesn’t want to in her lessons.A. fall downB. fall backC. fall overD. fall behind（）12. Nanjing Yangtse River Bridge was built in the 1960s is now under repair.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. what（）13.—Excuse me, could you tell me ?—Better walk there. It’s only about ten minutes’ walk.A. how far Suguo Supermarket isB. how far is Suguo SupermarketC. how can I get to Suguo SupermarketD. how I can get to Suguo Supermarket（）14.If you can’t read the article, it will be mean ingless to you. The –less in the word “meaningless”means .A. withB. withoutC. full ofD. out of（）15.—I don’t think keeping pet dogs is a good idea. Dogs create a lot of trouble.—. In my opinion, it can help you become a person full of love.A. You are rightB. Not reallyC. That’s a good ideaD. Believe or not二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）In the early hours of 7 September 1838, one of the worst storms in history was roaring（咆哮）along the coast of England. The lighthouse keeper at a ship. “It will be gone in a few moreminutes,” he said sadly. His daughter, Grace Darling, looking from an upstairs window, found the greatship had against the rocks and broken into halves.“Can’t we save them?” Grace asked when she saw the people on the ship. “Isn’t there any way to help them?”“No one can take a lifeboat out in that water,” her father answered. “The waves（浪）are too large.”Grace had great .She simply did not know how to give up. Filled with pity, she ran to the lifeboat quickly. Her father . With tears running down his face, he begged his daughter not to get into the boat, she would not listen. Her father could not let her go alone. He climbed in too. The two of them rowed in a great hurry. Each wave seemed to throw them into the sea at any time.Suddenly there was a terrible roar. The storm had the ship in two. People were holding on to each half tightly（紧紧地）.They had to be saved soon.Grace and her father rowed faster. Soon they reached the ship and began filling the lifeboat with . Then father and daughter brought their lifeboat safely to shore.As news of her brave saving action reached the public, the whole country considered her as a national hero. Grace and her father received the Silver Medal from the British government. To this day a small statue stands above the grave （墓）of Grace Darling. People still respect the young woman who refused to give up.（）16.A. looked out B. looked up C. looked around D. looked down（）17.A. ran B. knocked C. crashed D. rushed（）18.A. worried B. scared C. excited D. mixed（）19.A. pride B. attention C. confidence D. courage（）20.A. stayed B. pushed C. followed D. returned（）21.A. but B. and C. so D. then（）22.A. mad B. close C. awful D. ready（）23.A. divided B. cut C. lifted D. attacked（）24.A. adults B. tourists C. victims D. survivors（）25.A. award B. gift C. prize D. reward三、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）ABicycle-sharing project is popular in Nanjing. This new type of service is expected to protect our environment and encourage people to exercise. At the same time , it also reminds people to learn to share.A. OFOB. Public BikeC. BluegogoD. Mobike（）27.You can order a(n) bike on your mobile phone.A. yellow or blueB. orange or greenC. silver or greenD. blue or white（）28. If you use Bluegogo for the first time, you need to pay at least for it?A. ¥100B. ¥200C. ¥300D. ¥301BCharacters—Editor, Doctor, Scientist, Journalist, TravellerScene 9The men sit down with drinks ,and the time traveller tells his amazing story.Traveller: The time machine took me 150 years into the future. The word was… is … a very different place. There was two races（种类）of creatures: the Eloi and Morlocks. The Eloi are small, gentle creatures—people who lead peaceful lives. They do not work but play games, eat food, and sleep. They are afraid of dark.Scientist: And the Morlocks?Traveller: These are ape—like（似猿的）creatures who live underground. They are afraid of the light. They have machines.They provide the Eloi with everything they need.Doctor: So the Morlocks are the Eloi’s slaves（奴隶）?Traveller: Sadly, that is not so. The Eloi are the Morlock’s cattle（牲畜）.The Morlocks feed them and raise took them for food.Editor: That is awful. How did the Eloi allow this to happen.Traveller: They became lazy. At first, they allowed the Morlocks to provide them with everything they needed. Journalist: Then, they slowly lost all their skills.Traveller: Exactly. As the years passed, they became more and more dependent（依赖的）on the Morlocks. Finally, they could not take care of themselves. Then ,the Morlocks took control them.Editor: There is a lesson for us in this.Scientist: Only if his strange story is true.（）29. When may the traveller’s story happen?A. In the past.B. At present.C. In the future.D. He didn’t tell us.（）30. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The Eloi are afraid of the light.B. The Morlocks raise the Eloi for food.C. The Eloi could take care of themselves.D. The Morlocks live a happy life without working.（）31. What did the traveller think of the Eloi?A. CleverB. HardworkingC. CreativeD. Lazy（）32. Why did the scientist say “Only if his strange story is true.”?A. He felt sorry for Eloi.B. He was making a joke.C. He was afraid to hear the story.D. He didn’t believe the story.CCaptain（船长）Nemo invited me and my friends to go hunting with him in the forests of Crespo Island. I asked him why he was so interested in Crespo Island. “I thought you preferred the sea to being on land.”“I do,” replied the captain. “But these forests are under the sea.”After going through a door, we were about ten meters under the water. The light from the sun reached us. Everything looked very colourful. We were going deeper and deeper. At 100 meters deep, we could see quite well, and Captain Nemo stopped and pointed to some dark shapes. This was the forest. The “trees”in the forest were giant seaweed, and all their “branches” were vertical（垂直的）.We could not stop looking at them. Fish swam around the branches like birds in a forest.Suddenly, I saw a large sea spider about a meter tall. It was going to attack me. Captain Nemo’s man killed it with his gun, but it reminded me that the sea could be as dangerous as it was beautiful. When we reached 150 meters, it was dark. The sun’s light could not reach this depth（深度）. We turned our lights. We could see about 20 meters around us. Finally, we found Crespo Island—where a steep rock wall rose in front of us.We could go no further, so we walked back toward the Nautilus. Suddenly, Captain Nemo stopped and shot an animal with his gun, it was a beautiful and rare sea otter. At last, we could see the Nautilus. Several large sharks swam over us. Luckily they didn’t see us. We re-entered the Nautilus safely. I was tired but amazed by what I had seen.（）33. What do “dark shapes” in Paragraph 3 refer to（指的是）?A. TreesB. SeaweedC. RocksD. Fish（）34. When they reached meters, they couldn’t see quite well?A. 10B. 20C. 100D. 150（）35. According to the passage, which is the correct order?①Captain Nemo’s man killed a sea spider.②The men returned to the Nautilus.③The men went to the forest.④Captain Nemo invited us to go hunting.⑤Captain Nemo shot an otter.A.④①③⑤③B.③④②⑤①C.④③①⑤②D.③④①⑤②（）36.What is the best title of the story?A. A Visit to a Sea ForestB. Death Under the Sea.C. Captain Nemo and the NautilusD. Attacked by Giant SpiderDIn Europe, small cars have always been more popular than large cars.In the United States, large cars and midsize cars are more popular than smaller cars. As a result, European automakers used to make different kinds of small cars while American automakers used to build bigger, heavier cars. However, these days, automakers in both America and Europe produce cars of different sizes. This is because most automakers export their cars all over the world.The price of gasoline (汽油)is one reason for differences in car choices. Since gasoline is more expensive in Europe, many Europeans want smaller, lighter cars that will travel a long way on a gallon（加仑）of gasoline.Other reasons also enter into the big or little car decision. Many European cities have narrow, winding（弯曲的）streets. In these cities a small car is easier to control than a large one.For a long time, few Americans bought small cars. Instead they chose large cars, because these roomy cars were more comfortable for large families and long trips. Some people also liked the powerful engines（发动机）that large cars had. Since gasoline was cheap, drivers did not mind that the large cars used a lot of gasoline.But in the 1970s, there were gasoline shortages in the United States. The price of gasoline went up. Though large cars were still more popular than smaller cars, sales of small cars increased. Some people also bought small cars because these cars caused less air pollution than larger cars.Today, Americans' car preferences are still changing. Though Americans are still buying many small cars, the fastest growing sales are for certain kinds of large cars. These types of cars are called minivans and sport utility vehicles(SUV). They are very popular today. But of course, that could change tomorrow.（）37.In the 1970s, .A. large cars were less popular than smaller cars.B. European cars finally came to the United States.C. the price of gasoline went up in the United States.D. people in the United States stopped buying small cars.（）38. Which of the following does the article lead you to believe?A. Sport utility vehicles small cars.B. Minivans are becoming less popular.C. European car companies sell many cars in America.D. Cars with powerful engines caused less air pollution.（）39. What does “roomy” in Paragraph 4 mean?A. having much spaceB. having little spaceC. having a large roomD. having a small room（）40. What can we infer（推断）from the article?A. Small cars are better than large cars.B. The price of gasoline is always rising.C. Large cars will always be popular in the United States.D. People like to have different kinds of cars to choose from.非选择题（共50分）四、填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）A）根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考数学一模试题
【解析】
【分析】
根据方程的系数结合根与系数的关系，即可得出x1+x2和x1x2的值．
【详解】
∵x1、x2是方程2x2+4x﹣3＝0的两根，
∴x1+x2＝﹣ ＝﹣2，x1x2＝ ＝﹣ ．
故答案为：﹣2；﹣ ．
【点睛】
本题考查了根与系数的关系，牢记“两根之和等于﹣ ，两根之积等于 ”是解题的关键．
A．①较长B．②较长C．①②一样长D．以上皆有可能
7．写出一个数，使这个数等于它的倒数：_____．
8．若代数式 在实数范围内有意义，则x的取值范围是_______．
9．计算 的结果是_____．
10．解方程 ＝ 得_____．
11．已知方程2x2+4x﹣3＝0的两根分别为x1、x2，则x1+x2＝_____，x1x2＝_____．
【详解】
解：1200000＝1.2×106．
故选：C．
【点ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้】
此题考查科学记数法的表示方法．科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为整数，表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值．
2．C
【解析】
【分析】
根据算术平方根的定义计算可得．
【详解】
解： 表示4的的算术平方根，
故选：C．
【点睛】
本题考查二次根式的加法，需要先分母有理化，然后再合并同类二次根式．
10．x＝9
【解析】
【分析】
分式方程去分母转化为整式方程，求出整式方程的解得到x的值，经检验即可得到分式方程的解．
【详解】
解：去分母得：2x＝3x﹣9，
解得：x＝9，
经检验x＝9是分式方程的解．
南京市鼓楼区2020年中考英语模拟试题一PDF版含答案解析
一、听力部分（共15小题；每小题1分，计15分）略二、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.---How was your trip to Sanya,Aunt Anne?---Fantastic.My baby and I were taken good care of_______the flight.A.alongB.overC.pastD.during2.---What do you think of those doctors in Wuhan,Ma Lin?---How brave they are!They’ve tried their best to keep patients_______.A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively3.---Mike,can you tell me how to speak in an online class?---Sure,click on this icon_______you start to speak.A.afterB.untilC.beforeD.since4.---These two bags look quite good.Which one should I choose,Amy?---Well,it depends.I don’t want to spend too much on a bag,so I’ll take the______ one.A.cheaperB.cheapestC.more expensiveD.most expensive5.---To tell you the truth,I don’t want to join in the singing competition.---Come on.You just need more practice to build up your________.A.challengeB.confidenceC.developmentD.energy6.---Sorry to keep you waiting.I was writing a report and I________forgot thetime.---It doesn’t matter.Let’s go now.A.finallyB.hardlyC.suddenlypletely7.---Have you ever finished today’s online English course,Li Ming?---Of course.I find________helpful to take the course online.A.itB.oneC.thisD.that8.---Wait a minute.I’ll take an umbrella,for it’s raining.---Hurry up,or we________miss the beginning of the film.A.shouldB.mustC.mayD.have to9.---What is your brother going to do after he________from the university?---He once told me he wanted to get further study at Qsinghua University.A.graduatesB.graduatedC.is graduatingD.will graduate10.As the government________shopping malls,restaurants and other public places,people are able to spend more money on goods and services.A.puts upB.opens upC.picks upD.takes up11.COVID-19is a disease which will lead to pneumonia.In the word“pneumonia”,“P”is silent,and the stress is on the second syllable.Which of the following is the correct pronunciation of the word“pneumonia”?A./njuːməʊˈniə/B./pjuːˈməʊniə/C./njuːˈməʊniə/D./ˈpjuːməʊniə/12.---How long will the fine weather hold?I want to do some travelling.---The weather report says it won’t rain until next weekend,so feel free to travel.What does“hold”mean in the sentence?stB.growC.changeD.stop13.---Boys and girls,what do you want to know about COVID-19?---I wonder________.A.where did the virus come fromB.when the disease has happenedC.what we can do to protect ourselvesD.why has the disease spread so fast14.The introduction in the picture on the right tells that________.A.you should return books to the librarian after readingB.you should return books on time after you have read themC.you can find books easily because they are arranged in orderD.you should put books back to the place where you found them15.---So many books!They are too heavy for me to carry.---Don’t worry.________.A.You can make itB.I need your helpC.You may ask for helpD.I’ll give you a hand三、完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考一模语文试题(加精)
鼓楼区九年级中考模拟测试卷语文注意事项：1.本试卷 6 页，共120分。
考试时间为120分钟。
2.考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。
3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效。
一（25分）1.用正楷字或行楷字抄写下面句子。
（4分）恰同学少年2.用诗文原句填空。
（9分）（1）气蒸云梦泽，。
（孟浩然《望洞庭湖赠张丞相》）（2）？烟波江上使人愁。
（崔颢《黄鹤楼》）（3）此夜曲中闻折柳，。
（李白《春夜洛城闻笛》）（4）锦江春色来天地，。
（杜甫《登楼》）（5）春潮带雨晚来急，。
（韦应物《滁州西涧》）（6）无限山河泪，。
（夏完淳《别云间》）（7），芳草无情，更在斜阳外。
（范仲淹《苏幕遮》）（8），只有香如故。
（陆游《卜算子·咏梅》）（9）春天，，嫩柳枝折断有奇异的芬芳。
（戴望舒《我用残损的手掌》）3.下列加点字读音两两相同．．．．的一项是（）（2分）A.稽．首——编辑倔．．强——咬文嚼．字B.祈．祷——秀颀蓦．．然——神出鬼没．C.污秽．——晦．暗跌宕．——锐不可当．D.狡黠．——诘．责殷．红——奄．奄一息4.找出句中错别字，将其订正在横线上。
（2分）（1）有时流到很逼狭的境界，两岸丛山叠岭，绝壁断崖，江河流于其间，回环曲折，极其险竣。
（《艰难的国运与雄健的国民》）订正：将“”改成“”（2）过去，他好听书，也会说书；在荣赝这个尊称之后，当真看起书来。
（《蒲柳人家》）订正：将“”改成“”5.依次填入词语最恰当的一项是（）（2分）与其浪费精力去批评一千部坏书，不如多介绍一部好书。
没有看见过小山的人不知道大山的伟大；你如果引人看过喜马拉雅山，他再相信泰山是天下最高峰。
把好书指点出来，读者自然能看出坏书的坏。
A.当然那么决不会B.诚然那么决不会C.诚然然而一定会D.固然但是决不会6.下列关于文学和文化常识的表述正确的一项是（）（2分）A.《论语》是儒家的经典著作之一，是孔子和他的弟子们集体创作而成。
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷二、单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1. ﹣﹣﹣ How was your trip to Sanya， Aunt Anne？﹣﹣﹣ Fantastic． My baby and I were taken good care of________the flight．（）A.alongB.overC.pastD.during2. ﹣﹣﹣ What do you think of those doctors in Wuhan， Ma Lin？﹣﹣﹣ How brave they are! They've tried their best to keep patients________．（）A.liveB.aliveC.livingD.lively3. ﹣﹣﹣ Mike， can you tell me how to speak in an online class？﹣﹣﹣ Sure， click on this icon________you start to speak．（）A.afterB.untilC.beforeD.since4. ﹣﹣﹣ These two bags look quite good． Which one should I choose， Amy？﹣﹣﹣Well， it depends． I don't want to spend too much on a bag， so I'll takethe________ one．（）A.cheaperB.cheapestC.more expensiveD.most expensive5. ﹣﹣﹣ To tell you the truth， I don't want to join in the singing competition．﹣﹣﹣ Come on． You just need more practice to build up your________．（）A.challengeB.confidenceC.developmentD.energy6. ﹣﹣﹣ Sorry to keep you waiting． I was writing a report and I________forgot the time．﹣﹣﹣ It doesn't matter． Let's go now．（）A.finallyB.hardlyC.suddenlypletely7. ﹣﹣﹣ Have you ever finished today's online English course， Li Ming？﹣﹣﹣ Of course． I find________helpful to take the course online．（）A.itB.oneC.thisD.that8. ﹣﹣﹣ Wait a minute． I'll take an umbrella， for it's raining．﹣﹣﹣ Hurry up， or we________miss the beginning of the film．（）A.shouldB.mustC.mayD.have to9. ﹣﹣﹣ What is your brother going to do after he________from the university？﹣﹣﹣ He once told me he wanted to get further study at Qsinghua University．（）A.graduatesB.graduatedC.is graduatingD.will graduate10. As the government________shopping malls， restaurants and other public places，people are able to spend more money on goods and services．（）A.puts upB.opens upC.picks upD.takes up11. COVID﹣19 is a disease which will lead to pneumonia． In the word "pneumonia"， "P" is silent， and the stress is on the second syllable．Which of the following is the correct pronunciation of the word "pneumonia"？（）A./njuːməʊˈniə/B./pjuːˈməʊniə/C./njuːˈməʊniə/D./ˈpjuːməʊniə/12. ﹣﹣﹣ How long will the fine weather hold？ I want to do some travelling．﹣﹣﹣ The weather report says it won't rain until next weekend， so feel free to travel． What does "hold" mean in the sentence？（）stB.growC.changeD.stop13. ﹣﹣﹣ Boys and girls， what do you want to know about COVID﹣19？﹣﹣﹣ I wonder________．（）A.where did the virus come fromB.when the disease has happenedC.what we can do to protect ourselvesD.why has the disease spread so fast14. The introduction in the picture on the right tells that________．（）B.you should return books on time after you have read themC.you can find books easily because they are arranged in orderD.you should put books back to the place where you found them15. ﹣﹣﹣ So many books! They are too heavy for me to carry．﹣﹣﹣ Don't worry．________．（）A.You can make itB.I need your helpC.You may ask for helpD.I'll give you a hand三、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．16. My family have always been huge fans of New Zealand, so we went for a holiday there last year． We toured around for a week before ending up in Kaikoura, a small town（1）_______． The first evening it seemed a rather boring place, but the next day I remembered what I'd read about it﹣that it is often（2）_______to see dolphins there if you are lucky enough! I'll always think of Kaikoura as the place where I finally achieved my lifelong dream ﹣to（3）_______with wild dolphins．My family and I set off on a dolphin trip on a cold, grey day with a number of other people on a small boat．（4）_______the sky soon turned blue, and at last we reached the place where we planned to go swimming．（5）_______, this was more than 40 km from land! I was really starting to wonder why my family had made me come all the way outthere, when suddenly someone shouted, "Dolphins! "There were more than a hundred dolphins swimming（6）_______our boat． I put on my snorkel（呼吸管） and jumped into the sea． Everywhere I looked, all I could see was dolphins, swimming under me and round me．Then I（7）_______the guide had told us to make sounds in the water to attract them．So I did and making similar sounds, as if they were trying to（8）_______me． I even made eye contact with one dolphin, and watched it carefully as I swam round in a circle． Amazingly, the dolphin almost followed me, but then changed its mind, although it kept eye contact with me all the time． It really made me realize（9）_______smart and beautiful these animals are．Then after an hour of swimming we got back onto the boat．（10）_______I had enjoyed myself． I left the water quickly by then as I was very cold． Everyone was smiling and I realized what a special moment we'd had．（1）A.by the lakeB.in the forestC.on the coastD.near the river（2）A.possiblemonC.excitingD.pleasant（3）A.stayB.swimC.chatD.beat（4）A.InsteadB.CertainlyC.HoweverD.Finally（5）A.To my joyB.To my horrorC.To my shameD.To my surprise（6）A.towardsB.alongC.underD.against（7）A.understoodB.suggestedC.discoveredD.remembered（8）A.holdB.answerC.protectD.save（9）A.whatB.whyC.howD.which（10）A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.UnlessD.Whether四、阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17.（1）Which park is a good place for Isabel to practice painting and drawing？________A.East Bank Park．B. Elmwood Park．C. Boscawen Park．D. Victoria Park．．（2）Elmwood Park is a suitable place for________．A.IsabelB. Mr． MartinC. Hans' familyD. Kumiko and Atsuko．（3）Which of the following is right according to this table？________A.Victoria Park and Elmwood Park are inside the city．B.Boscawen Park and East Bank Park are big and quiet．C.Kumiko and Atsuko will probably visit Boscawen Park．D.Han's children would like to see wild animals in the park．．18. How did the sea horse get its name? It's not hard to guess．The top half of the fish looks like a small horse．Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world． There are 32 different kinds of sea horses． Their sizes are quite different from one inch long to about one foot long． Because their fins are small, sea horses swim very slowly． They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses． They can also change colours to keep themselves． Sea horses feed on live food, such as tiny shrimps． A sea horse has noteeth, so it eats the shrimp whole．A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life, unlike most kinds of fish． And it's the male sea horse, not the female, which gives birth to baby sea horses． How does this happen? Baby sea horses start out as eggs, which come from the female's body． But the female places the eggs in the male sea horse's pouch （育儿袋）． The male carries the eggs for about three weeks until they hatch （孵化）．The number of sea horses is becoming smaller．Why is this happening? Some places where sea horses once lived have been filled in to make new land．Also, many sea horses are caught and kept in aquariums （水箱） where they can't live long． The best place for a sea horse is the ocean． There it can find a mate and bring new sea horses into the world．（1）Sea horses do the following things except________to keep themselves safe from other fish．A.changing coloursB. changing sizesC. hiding in plantsD. hiding in grasses．（2）What does a female sea horse do with her eggs？________A.She carries the eggs for about three weeks．B.She hatches them under the water by herself．C.She places them in the male sea horse's pouch．D.She hides them in plants and grasses in the water．．（3）What is the best title of the passage？________A.Father Sea HorsesB. All About Sea HorsesC. Kinds of Sea HorsesD. How Sea Horses Grow．19. Fourteen﹣year﹣old Miguel Diaz talks about an exciting science projectLast month I got the chance to take part in an underwater research project in an area of the Gulf of Mexico called the Flower Gardens．A team of professional researchers, led by the scientist Dr．Matt Phillips, was trying to learn more about the fish and different kinds of creatures（生物）that live in this part of the sea． The Flower Gardens are a long way from the shore and we spent three days on a boat．The team used a piece of underwater equipment called a Remotely Operated Vehicle （ROV） to collect information． The ROV could measure water depth and temperature and it also had a camera that sent live film back to operate it a few times．However, the thing I enjoyed most was diving （潜水） into the water． At first, I was quite scared﹣﹣﹣mainly because I couldn't' t see land in any direction． But as soon as I jumped into the water, I wasn't afraid anymore． It was amazing to see the colorful fish swimming around and I could see all the ways to the Flower Gardens, which are almost 30 meters down．I will never forget the Flower Gardens． The trip was like a holiday but I also learnt new things about science and research projects．It was a great opportunity and it has made me think about my goals （目标） in life． The experience will help me work harder to become a scientist．（1）What did Miguel say about the ROV？________A.It was difficult to operate．B.It could only measure water depth．C.It was an expensive piece of equipment．D.It recorded what was happening under water．．（2）What was Miguel's attitude （态度） towards diving？________A.His main worry was long sight of the boat．B.He enjoyed it less than other parts of the trip．C.His feeling changed when he was in the water．D.He was frightened by the fish swimming around．．（3）What influence has the trip had on Miguel？________A.It has changed his opinion of science．B.It has made him more interested in the sea．C.It has improved the way he works in a team．D.It has encouraged him to work towards his goal．．（4）What does Miguel Diaz write this article for？________A.To describe the part he played in a science project．B.To explain how to ask for a place on a science trip．C.To give advice on understanding difficult areas of science．D.To encourage others to organize their science projects．20. Alfred Wegener was a scientist in the early 1900s． He had a strange theory． Histheory is that 250 million years ago there was one giant continent （洲）． He called the giant continents as Pangaea． He thought Pangaea changed millions of years later． It started breaking up． The continent slowly drifted apart． They became continents we know today．Wegener made many studies． He looked at world maps and thought that some continents were like puzzle pieces． They could fit together． He went to South America as well as Africa． He looked at mountains on both continents． They would match if the continents were pushed together． Wegener found similar fossils （化石）, plants and animals on both continents．Alfred Wegener called his theory "continental drift"． In 1912, he told other scientists about his theory． Most thought Wegener was crazy． They didn't believe huge pieces of land could move．Later, other scientists did more studies． They discovered that continents are actually moving all the time． Scientists know that the surface of Earth is not one piece． They think it's broken into large pieces of hard rock called tectonic plates （地壳板块）． Scientists believe there are 30 tectonic plates on Earth and the continents lie on top of them．Under Earth's surface is the mantle （地幔）． The mantle is a layer （层） of rock about 2, 900 km thick． The temperature rises to 3, 700C at the bottom of the mantle．The heat causes the mantle to become hot, molten （熔化的） rock which flows around．The tectonic plates float like rafts on top of the hot, molten rock but they move very slowly ﹣only about 4 inches（10 cm） each year Since continents lie on top of the tectonic plates, they also float or move．Today, scientists know the continents are still moving． Alfred Wegener's theory was proved correct．（1）What does a theory in the first paragraph mean in this article？________A.An idea based on studies．B. An opinion based on a feeling．C. A correct answer to a question．D. A wrong answer to a question．．（2）What was the name of Alfred Wegener's theory？________A.Pangaea．B. Continental drift．C. Tectonic plates．D. Continental plates．．（3）Where did Alfred Wegener find clues to prove his theory？________A.Only in Africa．B. All over the world．C. Only in South America．D. In both Africa and South America．．（4）What did scientists in the early 1900s think about Wegener's theory？________A.They agreed with him．B. They thought it was crazy．C. They copied his idea right away．D. They gave him praise for it．．（5）Why do scientists think continents can move？________A.The heat of the tectonic plates causes continents to move．B.The movement of ocean water causes the continents to move．C.Continents are huge pieces of land that can be pushed together．D.Continents lie on top of tectonic plates that float on hot， moltenrock．．五、填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）A）根据括号中所给中英文释义写出单词，使句子意思完整正确．21. ﹣﹣﹣ Hi， Helen． How was your weekend in Laoshan National Forest Park？﹣﹣﹣ Great! Birds filled the air with their song while butterflies danced________（在……中） the flowers．22. ﹣﹣﹣ You've been in our school for two months． What do you think of your classmates？﹣﹣﹣ Oh， they are really good，________（诚实的） and hard﹣ working．23. There are different kinds of restaurants in Nanjing enough to________（满足）everyone!24. ________（参观者） to the Former Residence of Gan Xi can enjoy Nanjing Baiju on Sunday afternoons．25. Luo Jing， is the first Chinese woman to________（成功地） reach the top of all fourteen 8，000﹣metre﹣plus mountains in the world．B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空．26. When my sister is unhappy， she always goes shopping to cheer________（she） up．27. ﹣﹣﹣You look quite excited， Mr． Li． What's happened？﹣﹣﹣ When I walked into the classroom， I saw a room of________（smile）faces．They shouted， "Happy birthday!"28. ﹣﹣﹣ Tom， you are so strong and healthy． How can you make it？﹣﹣﹣ I do ten________（hour） training every week， running， swimming or playing football．29. Helen Keller was blind and deaf， but her________（ability） didn't prevent her from doing what she wanted to do．30. ﹣﹣﹣ So far we haven't solved the problem in this way．﹣﹣﹣ I think it is worth________（explore） other ways of dealing with it．C）根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的短语或单词填空，使对话内容完整正确．31.A： Hi， Carol． Wow， what are those？B： Hello， Alex． Oh， these are some of the interesting（1）________that I'm writing about for my English homework．A：I see…What's that． then？B： They're shoes with lights． You use them for seeing in the dark when you get up at night．A： Oh， that's a cool idea! I always hit my toe on something（2）________the bathroomat night．B： Next is a special ice﹣cream scoop （勺）． This is my favorite invention． It runs on electricity．A： I know what it's for! It（3）________serving really cold ice﹣cream．B： Yes， that's right! The last invention I'm going to write about is shoes with special heels （鞋跟）． You can move the heels（4）________．A： What are they used for？B： Well， you can change the（5）________of your shoes． You can raise the heels ifyou're going to a party or lower them if you are just going out for shopping．A： That's really amazing．六、阅读短文（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分；满分 20 分）1）阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后第 56-65 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词．32. You could win £1，000 in this year's Fiction（小说） Prize and have your story printed in Keep Writing magazine． Ten other lucky people will win £100． The judges （评委）are looking for interesting and original（原创的） stories． Here' s some advice for you：• Write about whatever you knowLove， family， problems with friends﹣these are the common main subjects of the stories． However， you need to turn ordinary （普通的） situations into something interesting that people will want to read about．Make the reader want to continue reading by writing about ordinary things in a new and surprising way．• Get your facts rightIt's no good giving a description of a town or explaining how a machine works if you get it wrong． So don't write what you're not certain about．• Hold the reader's attentionMake the ending a surprise． There is nothing worse than a poor ending．Develop the story carefully and try to think of something unusual happening in the end．• Think about the charactersTry to bring the people in your story alive for the reader by using well﹣chosen words to make them seem real．Here are some other things you need to pay attention to． First， your story must be your own work， between 2，000 and 2， 500 words and typed on one side only of each sheet of paper． We don't accept stories by email． Second， you should not have your fiction printed in any magazine or book or recorded on any radio or TV． Third， the closing date is 30 July and we will inform （通知） the winner within one month of this date． Please note that if you win， you must agree to have your story printed in our magazine．33. Bill Gates is one of the richest people in the world and becomes the most generous person as well． It all began when Bill and his wife，Melinda， made a b（1）________decision． They set up a charity， the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation． The Gateses feel that with success comes responsibility （责任）． They want to use their________so they can go to school． The foundation also gives money to libraries for computers and other materials．The Gateses are also providing money for m（4）________research．Their foundation has given over ﹩ 1 billion to improve the health of people in poor countries． The money is used to fight disease such as malaria （疟疾）． Malaria is s（5）________widely by a bite from a mosquito （蚊子）． The disease kills 2000 kids in Africa each day． In 2008，the Gates Foundation gave ＄168.7 million to work on the problem of malaria．This money was used to s（6）________the work of developing a malaria vaccine（疫苗）．A vaccine is given to people before they get a disease． It protects them a（7）________that disease in the future．A（8）________worry of Bill and Melinda Gates is hunger． In many parts of the world people are short of food． They don't have enough tools and training to i（9）________farming． The Gates Foundation is working in these areas．The Gates Foundation is helping people in the United States too． It works on e（10）________． The foundation gives money for school programmes and libraries． It also helps kids pay for school．The world should give Bill and Melina Gates big thanks for lending a helping hand to those who need it most．六、书面表达（满分 10 分）34. Daniel 写了一封邮件给青少年工作者 Anna．请根据邮件内容，以 Anna 的名义用英语给 Daniel 回一封电子邮件．注意：1．语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范．2．词数 80 左右（已给出的邮件开头和结尾不计入总词数）．3．文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名，人名等．Dear Daniel，________．Yours，Anna参考答案与试题解析2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷二、单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1.【答案】D2.【答案】B3.【答案】C4.【答案】A5.【答案】B6.【答案】D7.【答案】A8.【答案】C9.【答案】A10.【答案】B11.【答案】C12.【答案】A【答案】C14.【答案】D15.【答案】D三、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．16.【答案】CABCDCDBCA四、阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17.【答案】ABC18.【答案】BCB19.【答案】DCD20.【答案】ABDBD五、填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）A）根据括号中所给中英文释义写出单词，使句子意思完整正确．21.【答案】among22.【答案】honest23.【答案】satisfy24.【答案】Visitors25.【答案】successfullyB）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空．26.【答案】herself27.【答案】smiling28.【答案】hours'29.【答案】disability30.【答案】exploringC）根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的短语或单词填空，使对话内容完整正确．【答案】inventions,on the way to,is used for,up and down,style六、阅读短文（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分；满分 20 分）1）阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后第 56-65 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词．32.【答案】winner,Advice,everything,interested,Avoid,unusual,Use,yourself,recorded,before根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词33.【答案】ig,tarted,tudents,edical,pread,upport,gainst,nother,mprove,ducation六、书面表达（满分 10 分）34.【答案】Dear Daniel，Thank you for your email． I know that you'll go on holiday this summer．I think you should go on holiday with your parents．During the day， you spend so much time at school that your parents have little time together．【高分句型一】So you communicate very little with them．If you travel with them on holidays， you can communicate with them better．【高分句型二】Not only will you spend more time with them， but you'll make them know what you're thinking．We think it helps you to get on well with your parents．（原因）When you travel with them， you can talk about some lighthearted topics．You can take them as your good friends and express some of your ideas to them．I think they will respect and understand you．Yours，Anna。
英语_2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷二、单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）从 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．1. ﹣﹣﹣ How was your trip to Sanya， Aunt Anne？﹣﹣﹣ Fantastic． My baby and I were taken good care of________the flight．（）A alongB overC pastD during2. ﹣﹣﹣ What do you think of those doctors in Wuhan， Ma Lin？﹣﹣﹣ How brave they are! They've tried their best to keep patients________．（）A liveB aliveC livingD lively3. ﹣﹣﹣ Mike， can you tell me how to speak in an online class？﹣﹣﹣ Sure， click on this icon________you start to speak．（）A afterB untilC beforeD since4. ﹣﹣﹣ These two bags look quite good． Which one should I choose， Amy？﹣﹣﹣Well， it depends． I don't want to spend too much on a bag， so I'll take the________ one．（）A cheaperB cheapestC more expensiveD most expensive5. ﹣﹣﹣ To tell you the truth， I don't want to join in the singing competition．﹣﹣﹣ Come on． You just need more practice to build up your________．（）A challengeB confidenceC developmentD energy6. ﹣﹣﹣ Sorry to keep you waiting． I was writing a report and I________forgot the time．﹣﹣﹣ It doesn't matter． Let's go now．（）A finallyB hardlyC suddenlyD completely7. ﹣﹣﹣ Have you ever finished today's online English course， Li Ming？﹣﹣﹣ Of course． I find________helpful to take the course online．（）A itB oneC thisD that8. ﹣﹣﹣ Wait a minute． I'll take an umbrella， for it's raining．﹣﹣﹣ Hurry up， or we________miss the beginning of the film．（）A shouldB mustC mayD have to9. ﹣﹣﹣ What is your brother going to do after he________from the university？﹣﹣﹣ He once told me he wanted to get further study at Qsinghua University．（）A graduatesB graduatedC is graduatingD will graduate10. As the government________shopping malls， restaurants and other public places，people are able to spend more money on goods and services．（）A puts upB opens upC picks upD takes up11. COVID﹣19 is a disease which will lead to pneumonia． In the word "pneumonia"， "P" is silent， and the stress is on the second syllable．Which of the following is the correct pronunciation of the word "pneumonia"？（）A /njuːməʊˈniə/B /pjuːˈməʊniə/C /njuːˈməʊniə/D /ˈpjuːməʊniə/12. ﹣﹣﹣ How long will the fine weather hold？ I want to do some travelling．﹣﹣﹣ The weather report says it won't rain until next weekend， so feel free to travel． What does "hold" mean in the sentence？（）A lastB growC changeD stop13. ﹣﹣﹣ Boys and girls， what do you want to know about COVID﹣19？﹣﹣﹣ I wonder________．（）A where did the virus come fromB when the disease has happenedC what we can do to protect ourselvesD why has the disease spread so fast14. The introduction in the picture on the right tells that________．（）time after you have read them C you can find books easily because they are arranged in order D you should put books back to the place where you found them15. ﹣﹣﹣ So many books! They are too heavy for me to carry．﹣﹣﹣ Don't worry．________．（）A You can make itB I need your helpC You may ask for helpD I'll give you a hand三、完形填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．16. My family have always been huge fans of New Zealand, so we went for a holiday there last year． We toured around for a week before ending up in Kaikoura, a small town（1）_______． The first evening it seemed a rather boring place, but the next day I remembered what I'd read about it﹣that it is often（2）_______to see dolphins there if you are lucky enough! I'll always think of Kaikoura as the place where I finally achieved my lifelong dream ﹣to（3）_______with wild dolphins．My family and I set off on a dolphin trip on a cold, grey day with a number of other people on a small boat．（4）_______the sky soon turned blue, and at last we reached the place where we planned to go swimming．（5）_______, this was more than 40 km from land! I was really starting to wonder why my family had made me come all the way out there, when suddenly someone shouted, "Dolphins! "There were more than a hundred dolphins swimming（6）_______our boat． I put on my snorkel（呼吸管） and jumped into the sea． Everywhere I looked, all I could see was dolphins, swimming under me and round me．Then I（7）_______the guide had told us to make sounds in the water to attract them．So I did and making similar sounds, as if they were trying to（8）_______me． I even made eye contact with one dolphin, and watched it carefully as I swam round in a circle． Amazingly, the dolphin almost followed me, but then changed its mind, although it kept eye contact with me all the time． It really made me realize（9）_______smart and beautiful these animals are．Then after an hour of swimming we got back onto the boat．（10）_______I had enjoyed myself． I left the water quickly by then as I was very cold． Everyone was smiling and I realized what a special moment we'd had．（1）A by the lakeB in the forestC on the coastD near the river（2）A possibleB commonC excitingD pleasant（3）A stayB swimC chatD beat（4）A InsteadB CertainlyC HoweverD Finally（5）A To my joyB To my horrorC To my shameD To my surprise（6）A towardsB alongC underD against（7）A understoodB suggestedC discoveredD remembered（8）A holdB answerC protectD save（9）A whatB whyC howD which（10）A AlthoughB BecauseC UnlessD Whether四、阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项．（1）Which park is a good place for Isabel to practice painting and drawing？________A East Bank Park．B Elmwood Park．C Boscawen Park．D Victoria Park．．（2）Elmwood Park is a suitable place for________．A IsabelB Mr． MartinC Hans' familyD Kumiko and Atsuko．（3）Which of the following is right according to this table？________A Victoria Park and Elmwood Park are inside the city．B Boscawen Park and East Bank Park are big and quiet．C Kumiko and Atsuko will probably visit BoscawenPark． D Han's children would like to see wild animals in the park．．18. How did the sea horse get its name? It's not hard to guess．The top half of the fish looks like a small horse．Sea horses live in warm ocean waters all over the world． There are 32 different kinds of sea horses． Their sizes are quite different from one inch long to about one footlong ． Because their fins are small, sea horses swim very slowly ． They keep safe from other fish by hiding in plants and grasses． They can also change colours to keep themselves． Sea horses feed on live food, such as tiny shrimps． A sea horse has no teeth, so it eats the shrimp whole．A sea horse keeps the same mate for its whole life, unlike most kinds of fish． And it's the male sea horse, not the female, which gives birth to baby sea horses． How does this happen? Baby sea horses start out as eggs, which come from the female's body． But the female places the eggs in the male sea horse's pouch （育儿袋）． The male carries the eggs for about three weeks until they hatch （孵化）．The number of sea horses is becoming smaller．Why is this happening? Some places where sea horses once lived have been filled in to make new land．Also, many sea horses are caught and kept in aquariums （水箱） where they can't live long． The best place for a sea horse is the ocean． There it can find a mate and bring new sea horses into the world．（1）Sea horses do the following things except________to keep themselves safe from other fish．A changing coloursB changing sizesC hiding in plantsD hiding in grasses．（2）What does a female sea horse do with her eggs？________A She carries the eggs for about three weeks．B She hatches them under the water by herself．C She places them in the male sea horse's pouch．D She hides them in plants and grasses in the water．．（3）What is the best title of the passage？________A Father Sea HorsesB All About Sea HorsesC Kinds of Sea HorsesD How SeaHorses Grow．19. Fourteen﹣year﹣old Miguel Diaz talks about an exciting science projectLast month I got the chance to take part in an underwater research project in an area of the Gulf of Mexico called the Flower Gardens．A team of professional researchers, led by the scientist Dr．Matt Phillips, was trying to learn more about the fish and different kinds of creatures（生物）that live in this part of the sea． The Flower Gardens are a long way from the shore and we spent three days on a boat．The team used a piece of underwater equipment called a Remotely Operated Vehicle （ROV） to collect information． The ROV could measure water depth and temperature and it also had a camera that sent live film back to operate it a few times．However, the thing I enjoyed most was diving （潜水） into the water． At first, I was quite scared﹣﹣﹣mainly because I couldn't' t see land in any direction． But as soon as I jumped into the water, I wasn't afraid anymore． It was amazing to see the colorful fish swimming around and I could see all the ways to the Flower Gardens, which are almost 30 meters down．I will never forget the Flower Gardens． The trip was like a holiday but I also learnt new things about science and research projects．It was a great opportunity and it has made me think about my goals （目标） in life． The experience will help me work harder to become a scientist．（1）What did Miguel say about the ROV？________A It was difficult to operate．B It could only measure water depth．C It was an expensive piece of equipment．D It recorded what was happening under water．．（2）What was Miguel's attitude （态度） towards diving？________A His main worry was long sight of the boat．B He enjoyed it less than other parts of the trip．C His feeling changed when he was in the water．D He was frightened by the fish swimming around．．（3）What influence has the trip had on Miguel？________A It has changed his opinion of science．B It has made him more interested in the sea．C It has improved the way he works in a team．D It has encouraged him to work towards his goal．．（4）What does Miguel Diaz write this article for？________A To describe the part he played in a science project．B To explain how to ask for a place on a science trip．C To give advice on understanding difficult areas of science．D To encourage others to organize their science projects．20. Alfred Wegener was a scientist in the early 1900s． He had a strange theory． His theory is that 250 million years ago there was one giant continent （洲）． He called the giant continents as Pangaea． He thought Pangaea changed millions of years later． It started breaking up． The continent slowly drifted apart． They became continents we know today．Wegener made many studies． He looked at world maps and thought that some continents were like puzzle pieces． They could fit together． He went to South America as well as Africa． He looked at mountains on both continents． They would match if the continents were pushed together． Wegener found similar fossils （化石）, plants and animals on both continents．Alfred Wegener called his theory "continental drift"． In 1912, he told other scientists about his theory． Most thought Wegener was crazy． They didn't believe huge pieces of land could move．Later, other scientists did more studies． They discovered that continents are actually moving all the time． Scientists know that the surface of Earth is not one piece． They think it's broken into large pieces of hard rock called tectonic plates （地壳板块）． Scientists believe there are 30 tectonic plates on Earth and the continents lie on top of them．Under Earth's surface is the mantle （地幔）． The mantle is a layer （层） of rock about 2, 900 km thick． The temperature rises to 3, 700C at the bottom of the mantle．The heat causes the mantle to become hot, molten （熔化的） rock which flows around．The tectonic plates float like rafts on top of the hot, molten rock but they move very slowly ﹣only about 4 inches（10 cm） each year Since continents lie on top of the tectonic plates, they also float or move．Today, scientists know the continents are still moving． Alfred Wegener's theory was proved correct．（1）What does a theory in the first paragraph mean in this article？________A An idea based on studies．B An opinion based on a feeling．C A correct answer to a question．D A wrong answer to a question．．（2）What was the name of Alfred Wegener's theory？________A Pangaea．B Continental drift．C Tectonic plates．D Continental plates．．（3）Where did Alfred Wegener find clues to prove his theory？________A Only in Africa．B All over the world．C Only in South America．D In bothAfrica and South America．．（4）What did scientists in the early 1900s think about Wegener's theory？________A They agreed with him．B They thought it was crazy．C They copied his idea right away．D They gave him praise for it．．（5）Why do scientists think continents can move？________A The heat of the tectonic plates causes continents to move．B The movement of ocean water causes the continents to move．C Continents are huge pieces of land that can be pushed together．D Continents lie on top of tectonic plates that float on hot， moltenrock．．五、填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）A）根据括号中所给中英文释义写出单词，使句子意思完整正确．21. ﹣﹣﹣ Hi， Helen． How was your weekend in Laoshan National Forest Park？﹣﹣﹣ Great! Birds filled the air with their song while butterflies danced________（在……中）the flowers．22. ﹣﹣﹣ You've been in our school for two months． What do you think of your classmates？﹣﹣﹣ Oh， they are really good，________（诚实的） and hard﹣ working．23. There are different kinds of restaurants in Nanjing enough to________（满足） everyone!24. ________（参观者） to the Former Residence of Gan Xi can enjoy Nanjing Baiju on Sunday afternoons．25. Luo Jing， is the first Chinese woman to________（成功地） reach the top of all fourteen 8，000﹣metre﹣plus mountains in the world．B）根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空．26. When my sister is unhappy， she always goes shopping to cheer________（she） up．27. ﹣﹣﹣You look quite excited， Mr． Li． What's happened？﹣﹣﹣ When I walked into the classroom， I saw a room of________（smile） faces．They shouted， "Happy birthday!"28. ﹣﹣﹣ Tom， you are so strong and healthy． How can you make it？﹣﹣﹣ I do ten________（hour） training every week， running， swimming or playing football．29. Helen Keller was blind and deaf， but her________（ability） didn't prevent her from doing what she wanted to do．30. ﹣﹣﹣ So far we haven't solved the problem in this way．﹣﹣﹣ I think it is worth________（explore） other ways of dealing with it．C）根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的短语或单词填空，使对话内容完整正确．31.A： Hi， Carol． Wow， what are those？B： Hello， Alex． Oh， these are some of the interesting（1）________that I'm writingabout for my English homework．A：I see…What's that． then？B： They're shoes with lights． You use them for seeing in the dark when you get up at night．A： Oh， that's a cool idea! I always hit my toe on something（2）________the bathroom at night．B： Next is a special ice﹣cream scoop （勺）． This is my favorite invention． It runs on electricity．A： I know what it's for! It（3）________serving really cold ice﹣cream．B： Yes， that's right! The last invention I'm going to write about is shoes with special heels （鞋跟）． You can move the heels（4）________．A： What are they used for？B： Well， you can change the（5）________of your shoes． You can raise the heels if you're going to a party or lower them if you are just going out for shopping．A： That's really amazing．六、阅读短文（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分；满分 20 分）1）阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容，在文章后第 56-65 小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词．32. You could win £1，000 in this year's Fiction（小说） Prize and have your story printed in Keep Writing magazine． Ten other lucky people will win £100． The judges （评委） are looking for interesting and original（原创的） stories． Here' s some advice for you：• Write about whatever you knowLove， family， problems with friends﹣these are the common main subjects of the stories． However， you need to turn ordinary （普通的） situations into something interesting that people will want to read about．Make the reader want to continue readingby writing about ordinary things in a new and surprising way．• Get your facts rightIt's no good giving a description of a town or explaining how a machine works if you get it wrong． So don't write what you're not certain about．• Hold the reader's attentionMake the ending a surprise． There is nothing worse than a poor ending．Develop the story carefully and try to think of something unusual happening in the end．• Think about the charactersTry to bring the people in your story alive for the reader by using well﹣chosen words tomake them seem real．Here are some other things you need to pay attention to． First， your story must be your own work， between 2，000 and 2， 500 words and typed on one side only of each sheet of paper． We don't accept stories by email． Second， you should not have your fiction printed in any magazine or book or recorded on any radio or TV． Third， the closing date is 30 July and we will inform （通知） the winner within one month of this date． Please note that if you win， you must agree to have your story printed in our magazine．根据短文内容和首字母提示，填写所缺单词33. Bill Gates is one of the richest people in the world and becomes the most generous person as well． It all began when Bill and his wife，Melinda， made a b（1）________decision． They set up a charity， the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation． The Gateses feel that with success comes responsibility （责任）． They want to use their money to help others． That is why they s（2）________the charity．The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation spends billions of dollars． It gives money to s（3）________so they can go to school． The foundation also gives money to libraries for computers and other materials．The Gateses are also providing money for m（4）________research．Their foundation has given over ﹩ 1 billion to improve the health of people in poor countries． The money is used to fight disease such as malaria （疟疾）． Malaria is s（5）________widely by a bite from a mosquito （蚊子）． The disease kills 2000 kids in Africa each day． In 2008， the Gates Foundation gave ＄168.7 million to work on the problem of malaria．This money was used to s（6）________the work of developing a malaria vaccine（疫苗）．A vaccine is given to people before they get a disease． It protects them a（7）________that disease in the future．A（8）________worry of Bill and Melinda Gates is hunger． In many parts of the world people are short of food． They don't have enough tools and training to i（9）________farming． The Gates Foundation is working in these areas．The Gates Foundation is helping people in the United States too． It works on e（10）________． The foundation gives money for school programmes and libraries． It also helpskids pay for school．The world should give Bill and Melina Gates big thanks for lending a helping hand to those who need it most．六、书面表达（满分 10 分）34. Daniel 写了一封邮件给青少年工作者 Anna．请根据邮件内容，以 Anna 的名义用英语给 Daniel 回一封电子邮件．注意：1．语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范．2．词数 80 左右（已给出的邮件开头和结尾不计入总词数）．3．文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名，人名等．Dear Daniel，Thank you for your email． I know that you'll go on holiday this summer．________．Yours，Anna2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考英语一模试卷答案1. D2. B3. C4. A5. B6. D7. A8. C9. A10. B11. C12. A13. C14. D15. D16. CABCDCDBCA17. ABC18. BCB19. DCDD20. ABDBD21. among22. honest23. satisfy24. Visitors25. successfully26. herself27. smiling28. hours'29. disability30. exploring31. inventions,on the way to,is used for,up and down,style32. winner,Advice,everything,interested,Avoid,unusual,Use,yourself,recorded,before33. ig,tarted,tudents,edical,pread,upport,gainst,nother,mprove,ducation34. Dear Daniel，Thank you for your email． I know that you'll go on holiday this summer．I think you should go on holiday with your parents．During the day， you spend so much time at school that your parents have little time together．【高分句型一】So you communicate very little with them．If you travel with them on holidays， you can communicate with them better．【高分句型二】Not only will you spend more time with them， but you'll make them know what you're thinking．We think it helps you to get on well with your parents．（原因）When you travel with them， you can talk about some lighthearted topics．You can take them as your good friends and express some of your ideas to them．I think they will respect and understand you．Yours，Anna。
2019-2020学年05月27日南京鼓楼区中考一模数学试卷+解析
数 学注意事项：•1 •本试卷共6 页•全卷满分1 2〇分•考试时间为1 2 6 分钟丨考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在未试卷上无效•.2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号否与本人相符合,再将自己的姓名、准考证号用〇• 5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上^一、选择题(本大题共6 :小I S ，％ 小题2 分，共 1 2 分.在每小题所给出的四个选项丰，^有一项是符合」 •.题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在夸亭卞串寧年葶上>: …“1，鼓楼e 学校了停课不停学在线课堂，，在此次疫褕•期丨司•为•全•国•师生提供鼓楼教言沾“云 服 务 • 课程日均尚量达 1 200 000•用科学记数法表示1 200 000 是 > . A .0.12X 106 ' r B .1.2X 107C .1.2X 106D .12X 105 2 .〜^" 表示4的-A •平方B • 平 方 根 .C •算术平方根 'D .立方根'•丨3•数轴上，点丄刀分别表示一 1、7,则线段A B 的中点C 表 示 的 数 是 ‘ +Y :A .2B . 3C .4D .5•一，4 . 已 知5 < ^ < 7 , 4 < ~ ^ " <6 , 则 ^ / $ 的 整 数 部 分 可 以 是 _， -：A . 9 ■B .10'C . l lD . 12 ， -• 5•某班3 7 名同学中只有1 位同学身高是165 bm .若除甲、乙外其+ 3 5 名同学身高的平均数和中 . 位. 数都是 1. 65 cm ,则该班3 7 名同学身高. 的. 平均数a 和中位数《单位.• :cm ),不可能是... •• . A .a > 1 6 5 , 6 = 1 6 5 B .a < l 65,6=165 .C ,«< 165 , 6 = 164D .a = 165 , 6 = 166i6• 如 图 两 地 相 距 《m ，它们之间有^半径为r … •的圆形琴地(r < f ),绿地圆心位于儿& 1 线的 _中点0 处 , 分 别 过 作 © 〇 的切线相交于C ,^切点分别为Z )、五 • 现 规 划 两 条 驾 车 路 径 a ’- (:OJB—C — (沿 S )—JD -M ,则下列J 说法正确的是(第6 题)•A .①较长B .②较长C .①②一样长D . 以上皆有可能二、填空题(本大题共10 小题,每小题2 分，共20 分•不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在f 寧卞竽毕筚写上）7.写出一i 数，使这个数等于它的倒数:_J k8. 若式子 " 7 —1在实数范围内有意义，则：的取值范围是-a9•计算的结果是_ ▲v y10.方程的x解是_11•已知方程訌2+ 仁一3 = 〇的两根分别为心、於，则幻+ ^ = __ ▲，工1工产----- 表—12•数据苍，3,2,3,5的方差是▲•I3•若正比例函数：y=々i z的图像与反比例函数的图像都经过点( 2 ,3),则々1<r s=^ 的解是14.如图，点〇是正五边形A沉刀五的中心,连接丑P 、〇D,则Z ：B I)〇= A_i 5•如图，沉1是© O 的切线是切点 .连接丑(9并延长，交©〇于点五、儿过Z 作A C JJ 5C ,垂足为C•若B D= 8 ，J3E=4 ,则A\主视图B俯视图(第M 题）. ( 第16 题）16.用^ 干个相同的小正方体搭一个几何体，该几何体的主视图、俯视图如图所示•若小正方体的棱长为1,则搭成的几何体的表面积是▲三、解答题(本大题共11 小题，共的分• 请在寧字E 亨内作答，解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）17. ( 7 分)计算a 1 , 3 ^ - 11 —a1一丁18. ( 7 分)( 1 ) 解不等式5 $ + 2 > 3 0 ^ 1 ) , 并把它的解集在数铀上表示出来. ：，、u1一—3^ —2 —1 ； 0 :：i f , 2 3 ^( 第 18 题〉<(2)写出一个实数々，使得不等式々和⑴中的不等式组成的不等式组恰有3 个整数解.19. ( 7 分) 如图，已知直线瓦p 分别交直线仙、C£)于点G //, G J H J 分别平分/.BGH ^ GHD .(1)求证G7 丄HA⑵请用文字概括⑴所证明的命题：▲.AC_ (第丨9 题）•20. (8 分)下面是某区1 5 0 0 名小学生和初中生的视力情况和他们每节课墀间户外活动平均时: 长的统计图•，，..；: ）：'V / 、•S .1某区1 500名小学生和初中生图2 某区1500名小学生和初中生近视情况条職计图各年级近视率折线统计图图3 某区1 500名小学生和初中生每节课课间户外活动平均时长分布统计图人数百分比(％)1?_ 小学囹初中0-2分钟 2 4 分钟 4 4 分知W 分^ 分钟以上时长•- ••.(1)根据图1 ，计算该区1 5 0 0 名学生的近视卓;(2)根据图2,从两个不同的角度描述该区1 5 0 0 名学生各年级近视率的变化趋势；⑶根据图1、图2 、图3,描述该区1 5 0 0 名学生逬视率和所在学段(小学、初中)、每节课课间户外活动平均时长的关系，21. (8 分） ^ \ ! J '、' 址 9(1) 不透明的袋子A 中装有红球1 个、白球1 个，不透明的袋子B 中装有红球1 个、• 每’这些球除颜色外无其他差别•分别从两个袋子中随机摸出一个球，求摸出的两斤球颜色不同的概率； (2) 甲、乙两人解同一道数学题，甲正确的概率为"I •，乙正确的概率为^■，则甲乙恰有一人正确的概率是 ▲ • 、 - ,22. ( 8 分 ) 点 分 别 是 菱 形 ABCZ )边议：、Ci ) 上的点. (1)如图，若 C E = C F ,求证 A £ = i 4F ; ⑵ 判断命题“若 则 C £ = CT ”的真假.若真，请证明;若假，请在备用图上画出反例.23. ( 8 分)某工厂生产A 、B 、C 三种产品，这三种产品的生产数量均为x 件•它们的单件成本和固定成本如下表：产品单件成本(元/件）固定成本(元）A 0.1 1 100B 〇 .8 r - …aCb (b > 0 )\200(注:总成本= 单件成本X 生产数量+ 固定成本）(1) 若产品A 的总成本为v A ，则 v a 关于:r 的函数表达式为 ▲ ；-—(2) 当x = l 0 0 0 时，产品A 、B 的总成本相同•* , A // v >^① 求W ...................................................................... N. ‘ 、it ** "• "' 1 二 3^ ' • J ^ ^ :.V '.② 当^ < 2 0 0 0 时，产品C 的总成本最低，求 6 的取值范围.(1) 求©〇的半径; A(2 )求的长 .(第24 题)25. ( 8 分)如图，用一屯平面去截正方体邱CDEFG^ , 得到了写棱锥s - d p Q•若Z S P i^ 451^ 5 〇 0 = 3 7 。
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考物理一模试卷
2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考物理一模试卷一、单选题（本大题共12小题，共24.0分）1.关于声音，下列说法正确的是()A. 利用回声可以测地球到月球间的距离B. 人们小声说话时，声音的音调一定低C. 在市区高架桥两侧修隔音墙是为了在传播过程中减弱噪声D. 超声“碎石”是利用声音能传递信息2.在使用下列设备中，其中使用到红外线的是()①冬天家里洗澡时，采用浴霸取暖；②家用消毒柜或卤菜店用灭菌灯；③验钞机发光的灯能检验纸币的真伪；④夜视仪进行侦察的原理；⑤汽车导航仪利用的信号A. ①②③B. ②③C. ③④⑤D. ①④3.自然界中有许多有趣的光现象，下列光现象中，属于光沿直线传播的是()A. 雨后的天空中，出现了一道彩虹B. 开凿隧道时，工人们用激光束引导掘进机C. 平静的湖面上倒映着岸边的景物D. 空游泳池中注水后，看起来变浅了4.下列说法中错误的是()A. 用久了的电灯灯丝变细是升华现象B. 被水蒸气烫伤比沸水烫伤更严重是因为水蒸气液化时要放出热量C. 秋天的早晨，大雾逐渐散去是液化现象D. 人出汗后，微风吹过感到凉爽，是因为汗液蒸发加快，带走更多的热量5.如图所示，小明同学提着溜溜球静止不动，下列属于平衡力的一对是()A. 绳子对溜溜球的拉力与溜溜球所受的重力B. 手对绳子的拉力与溜溜球所受的重力C. 绳子对溜溜球的拉力与溜溜球对绳子的拉力D. 溜溜球对绳子的拉力与溜溜球所受的重力6.在盛满不同液体的相同的溢水杯中，放入两个完全相同的小球，如图所示，当小球静止时，甲、乙两杯中溢出液体的重力分别为0.5N和0.4N，则下列说法中正确的是()A. 甲杯中球受到的浮力大于0.5NB. 乙杯中球受到的浮力大于0.4NC. 小球受到的重力为0.4ND. 小球受到的重力为0.5N7.下列措施中不是增大稳度的是()A. 大坝的下部比上部修得宽厚B. 渔民在船上工作时，往往叉开腿C. 烧水的壶底部比上部做得粗D. 冬天，水管外常包上稻草8.小明阅读了教材中“电动机也可用来做发电机”这一知识后，尝试将小电动机与小灯泡接如图所示的电路连接，在小电动机转轴上绕线，然后用力拉线，使电动机转动。
2020届中考模拟南京市鼓楼区九年级物理一模试题(含参考答案)
第二学期第一次调研测试九年级物理试卷一．选择题：（本题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分．每小题只有一个选项是正确的） 1.关于图中的声现象，下列分析正确的是2.下列四种物态变化相同的一组是①夏天，草叶上出现露珠；②冬天，窗户上出现冰花；③深秋，树上出现白霜；④初春，冰雪开始消融。
A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④ 3．下列关于新能源、电磁波、超声波等物理知识说法中正确的是A ．核电站利用的是核裂变时产生的能量B ．地球上的潮汐能和地热能来自太阳能C ．光纤通信主要利用电流传递信息D ．“北斗”卫星导航是利用超声波进行定位和导航的 4．下列有关微观粒子说法中正确的是A ．分子是微观世界中最小的粒子B ．电子带负电，中子不带电，质子带正电C ．电子绕着不带电的原子核做高速运动D ．固体分子间只存在引力，气体分子间只存在斥力5．小明用图示装置探究“动能大小与速度的关系”．下列说法正确的是A ．改变小车质量多次进行试验B ．实验中要尽量保持水平面光滑C ．让同一小车从同一高处由静止开始下滑D ．用木块移动的距离来比较小车动能的大小A ．拉小提琴时，手在不同位置按弦，是为了改变响度 B ．抽出罩内空气，听到闹钟的声音变小，说明发声体在振动C ．道路两旁设置隔音墙，是为了防止道路上的 汽车发出噪声D ．发声的音叉靠近乒乓球，球多次被弹开，说明发声体在振动小车木块6. 关于家庭电路和安全用电，下列说法正确的是A．使用测电笔辨别火线或零线时，手不能接触笔尾金属体B．家庭电路中，插座和各用电器之间是并联的C．家庭电路中，用电器的开关可以任意安装在火线或零线上D．家里的空气开关跳了闸，一定是电路中的总功率过大7.小明身高为1.5m．站立在平面镜前2m处，他以0.1m/s的速度远离平面镜，2s后，他的像到他的距离和像的大小变化描述正确的是A．4.4m，像的大小不变 B．3.6m，像的大小不变C．2.2m，像变小 D． 1.5m，像变大8．同学们梳理了教材中与压强知识相关的实验，如图所示，其中分析正确的是A．甲图所示，用一个装水的瓶子和海绵无法探究压强和压力关系B．乙图所示，小孩通过沼泽地时垫木板可以减小对地面的压力，从而减小压强C．丙图所示，拦河大坝做成上窄下宽是因为液体压强随深度的增加而增大D．丁图所示，“瓶吞鸡蛋”实验可以说明大气压的存在，若瓶子侧放则无法完成实验9.如图所示，在电梯里，一名背书包的学生在随着电梯匀速上升的过程中，以下说法正确的是A. 学生的动能转化成重力势能B. 学生的运动状态发生了变化C. 学生对书包做了功D. 学生所受到的重力和她对电梯的压力是一对平衡力10.举重比赛有甲、乙、丙三个裁判其中甲为主裁判，乙和丙为副裁判。
2020届中考复习江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考物理一模试题有配套答案
鼓楼区一模一、单项选择（本题共12小题，每题2分，共24分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.下列关于“粒子和宇宙”的说法中，正确的是A.电子的尺度比质子的尺度小B.雪花漫天飞舞说明分子在做无规则运动C.固体很难被压缩是由于固体分子间没有空隙D.太阳是太阳系的中心，它永远是恒定不动的2．关于温度、热量、内能，以下说法正确的是A．物体吸收了热量，它的温度一定会升高B．物体温度升高了，它的内能一定增加C．物体内能增大，它一定从外界吸收了热量D．温度相同的物体，内能一定相等3．下列几种估测较为符合实际的是A．人步行的速度约为5m/sB．一个鸡蛋的质量约为5gC．空气的密度约为1.29×103kg/m3D．人体感觉舒适的温度约为23°C4．如图所示是烧开水时的情景，下列有关说法正确的是A.壶嘴周围的“白气”是水蒸气B.“白气”是周围的空气液化形成的C.“白气”是空气中原来的水蒸气液化形成的D. 壶嘴最近处没有“白气”是因为温度太高，水蒸气无法遇冷液化5．下列关于光学现象的描述中不正确的是A．图甲中，树荫下的阴影是小孔成的像B．图乙中，放大镜利用了光的折射C．图丙中，桥在水中的倒影是光的反射现象D．图丁中，三棱镜分解太阳光利用了光的折射6．按照“江苏省校园足球振兴行动计划”要求，我省将建立1000所足球特色学校．在踢球过程中，下列说法正确的是A．脚对球的作用力与球的重力是一对平衡力B．踢足球时即使脚不感到疼痛，力的作用也是相互的C．足球被踢出后仍能继续运动，是因为脚对球正在做功D．不踢球时球会慢慢停下来，说明力是维持物体运动的原因7. 为改善地铁地下车站的通风状况，专家设计了抽气管道，利用地面横风实现自动抽气.为提高抽气效果，管道上方遮雨盖的形状应设计成下列图中的A B C D 8．如图所示是运动员在铅球比赛中的场景。
铅球离手后，在空中飞行过程中动能E k随时间t变化的曲线最接近的是图中的9．如图为我国新型反潜巡逻机．机尾的“棍子”叫做磁异探测器，它能将潜艇经过海域引起的磁场强弱变化转化为强弱变化的电流，从而发现潜艇的存在．下图中与磁异探测器工作原理相同的是A．B． C．D．10.某家庭电路中安装有“220V 10A”的空气开关（未画出），下图是电路中的四种情况，开关全部闭合后，不会引起空气开关“跳闸”（相当于熔丝熔断）的是（所有用电器额定电压均为２２０Ｖ）11.如图所示的电路中，电源电压保持不变，R为定值电阻，当开关闭合时，接在a、b间标有“6V2W”的小灯泡L1恰好正常发光；若保持R不变，将L１换成另一只标有“6V3W”的小灯泡L2，闭合开关后，小灯泡L2工作时消耗的实际功率A．一定大于3W B．一定等于3WC．一定小于3W D．一定等于2W12．一物块轻轻放入盛满水的大烧杯中，静止后有76g水溢出；将其轻轻放入盛满酒精的大烧杯中，静止后有64g酒精溢出．酒精的密度是0.8×10³kg/m³，则物块的密度是A．1.2×10³kg/m³ B．0.95×10³kg/m3C．0.90×10³kg/m3 D．0.84×10³kg/m³二．填空题（本题共8小题，每空1分，共26分）：13.如图所示，拨打悬挂在广口瓶内的手机，听到手机发声,同时看到手机指示灯亮.不断抽出瓶内的空气．根据 ▲ （填写对应的现象），可以推断真空不能传声，根据 ▲ （填写对应的现象）；可以推断真空能够传播电磁波；将广口瓶换成 ▲ ，手机将难以接收到信号．14．如图所示为巨型运载火箭将新一代北斗导航卫星于2015年3月30日发射升空，将为国家大战略“一带一路”建设提供支撑． （1）火箭选用液态氢做燃料，是因为它的 ▲ 大． （2）卫星在空中绕地球圆周运动时，受到 ▲ （选填“平衡力”或“非平衡力”）．（3）北斗卫星导航系统已应用于诸多领域，该系统是依靠 ▲ 传递信息的；北斗卫星距地面高度约36000km ，其信号传输到地面接收机时间约为 ▲ s ．15．“清明”假期中，小明一家驾车出游。
江苏省南京市鼓楼区2020年九年级中考第一次模拟物理试卷及答案(Word版)
江苏省南京市鼓楼区2020年九年级中考第一次模拟物理试卷及答案(Word版)南京市鼓楼区2020年九年级中考一模物理试卷1.关于声音传递，哪个选项正确？（）A。
甲用鼓敲打，烛焰跳动，说明声音可以传递信息。
B。
乙佩戴耳罩，减弱噪声，是在声源处。
C。
丙弹吉它，增大拨动弦的力度可以增大声音的响度。
D。
___听到钟声音变小，说明发声体振动减弱。
2.在新冠疫情防控中，“额温枪”被广泛使用于小区、车站、学校等场所。
哪种形式传感的？（）A。
红外线B。
紫外线C。
超声波D。
无线电波3.如图所示的光现象中，形成的是反射光。
（删除无关信息）4.端午节有吃粽子的俗。
以下哪个说法正确？（）A。
煮粽子时，锅上方冒出“白气”是汽化现象。
B。
手上沾些水，再拿刚出锅的粽子时不烫手是汽化吸热。
C。
粽子放入冰箱冷冻一段时间，外表结了一层霜，这是凝固现象。
D。
刚从冰箱里拿出来的粽子不具有内能。
5.如图所示，攀岩者用手的抓力“抵抗”了重力并实现了身体的平衡。
以下哪个选项正确？（）A。
攀岩者对岩石的作用力与岩石对他的作用力完全相同。
B。
攀岩者受到的重力与他对岩石的作用力是相互作用力。
C。
攀岩者受到的重力与他对岩石的作用力是一对平衡力。
D。
攀岩者受到的重力与岩石对他的作用力是一对平衡力。
6.如图所示，在两个完全相同的中装有甲、乙两种不同的液体，放入小球后两个中的液面高度相同，且1、3两球排开液体体积相同，2球在甲液体中悬浮，在乙液体中下沉。
以下哪个选项正确？（删除无关信息）A。
1、3两球所受的浮力相等。
B。
甲液体比乙液体对底的压强大。
C。
三个小球中密度最小的是2球。
D。
把1、3两球对调，1球在乙液体中不会下沉。
7.如图所示，___发现，学校的欢迎展牌经常被风吹倒。
以下哪个措施合适？（删除无关信息）A。
将展牌的支架做得更高些。
B。
在展牌的中空支架的下部灌些沙子。
C。
选用密度小的材料来做展牌，使展牌更轻些。
8.如图所示，导体ab悬挂在U形磁铁中央，两端连接导线。
2020届南京市鼓楼区九年级物理一模试题(有答案)
第二学期第一次调研测试九年级物理试卷．选择题：（本题共 12 小题，每小题 2分，共 24分．每小题只有一个选项是正确的）1.关于图中的声现象，下列分析正确的是2.下列四种物态变化相同的一组是①夏天，草叶上出现露珠；②冬天，窗户上出现冰花；③深 秋，树上出现白霜；④初春，冰雪开始消融。
A ．①③B ．①④C ．②③D ．②④3．下列关于新能源、电磁波、超声波等物理知识说法中正确的是A ．核电站利用的是核裂变时产生的能量B ．地球上的潮汐能和地热能来自太阳能C ．光纤通信主要利用电流传递信息D ．“北斗”卫星导航是利用超声波进行定位和导航的4．下列有关微观粒子说法中正确的是A ．分子是微观世界中最小的粒子B ．电子带负电，中子不带电，质子带正电C ．电子绕着不带电的原子核做高速运动D ．固体分子间只存在引力，气体分子间只存在斥力 5．小明用图示装置探究“动能大小与速度的关系” ．下列说法正确的是A ．改变小车质量多次进行试验B ．实验中要尽量保持水平面光滑C ．让同一小车从同一高处由静止开始下滑D ．用木块移动的距离来比较小车动能的大小A ．拉小提琴时， 手在 不同位置按弦， 是为了改变响度B ．抽出罩内空气， 听到 闹钟的声音变小，说明 发声体在振动C ．道路两旁设置隔音 墙，是为了防止道路上的 汽车发出噪声D ．发声的音叉靠近乒 乓球，球多次被弹开， 说明发声体在振动6. 关于家庭电路和安全用电，下列说法正确的是A ．使用测电笔辨别火线或零线时，手不能接触笔尾金属体B ．家庭电路中，插座和各用电器之间是并联的C ．家庭电路中，用电器的开关可以任意安装在火线或零线上D ．家里的空气开关跳了闸，一定是电路中的总功率过大7.小明身高为 1.5m ．站立在平面 镜前 2m 处，他以 0.1m/s 的速度远离平面镜， 2s 后，他的像 到他的距离和像的大小变化描述正确的是C ．2.2m ，像变小D ． 1.5m ，像变大 8．同学们梳理了教材中与压强知识相关的实验，如图所示，其中分析正确的是A ．甲图所示，用一个装水的瓶子和海绵无法探究压强和压力关系B ．乙图所示，小孩通过沼泽地时垫木板可以减小对地面的压力，从而减小压强C ．丙图所示，拦河大坝做成上窄下宽是因为液体压强随深度的增加而增大D ．丁图所示，“瓶吞鸡蛋”实验可以说明大气压的存在，若瓶子侧放则无法完成实验10.举重比赛有甲、乙、丙三个裁判其中甲为主裁判，乙和丙为副裁判。
江苏省南京市鼓楼区2020年中考语文一模试题.doc
南京市鼓楼区2020 年中考一模语文试卷（分值 120 分时间120分钟含书写4分）一、积累与运用（ 26 分）1．用课文原句填空。
（10 分）（1）蒹葭苍苍，。
（《诗经》）（2）海日生残夜，。
（王湾《次北固山下》）（3）长风破浪会有时，。
（李白《行路难》）（4），千树万树梨花开。
（岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》）（5），月有阴晴圆缺。
（苏轼《水调歌头》）（6）浊酒一杯家万里，。
（范仲淹《渔家傲》）（7），可以为师矣。
（《论语》）（8）予独爱莲之出淤泥而不染，。
（周敦颐《爱莲说》）（ 9 ）年岁虽老而壮心不减，这样的情怀古诗词里常有体现。
比如诗句：，。
（10）明代书法家文徵明有诗句“乌啼不复当时境，依旧钟声到客舟”，这是化用了张继《枫桥夜泊》中的诗句。
（写出相关的一句即可）2.书写考查。
请欣赏右边的书法作品，并用正楷字把作品里的诗句抄写在方格中。
要求：规范工整、美观，用简体字。
（ 2 分）3. 下列加点字读音两两相同的一项是（）（ 2 分）A. 赫然——万恶不赦富饶——百折不挠B. 剽悍——虚无缥缈即使——一如既往C. 骸骨——骇人听闻亘古——断壁残垣D. 喝彩——随声附和啜泣——笔耕不辍4. 下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（ 2 分）俯瞰绵延大庭广众迥乎不同膺品遨翔头晕目眩别出心才诙谐追朔拐弯抹角相形见绌D. 伦理撕杀出奇致胜不计其数5. 下列诗句中，疑问句形式与其它各项不同的是（）（2分）A.人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。
B.问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。
C.日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝，能不忆江南？D.莫愁前路无知己，天下谁人不识君？社区新开一个“书吧” ，是居民们借书阅览的好去处。
你自愿为书吧读者服务：6.“书吧”入口处有“读者须知” ，没有文字，只有标识。
请你将标识转化为温馨的提示语。
（任选一种）（2 分）【示例】第 1 个标识的温馨提示语：静静地听书的声音。
第个标识的温馨提示语：7.“书吧”墙面的挂图需配上文字简介。
南京市鼓楼区2020年中考数学一模试题有答案精析
江苏省南京市鼓楼区2020年中考数学一模试卷（解析版）一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中，恰有一项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填在答题卡相应位置上）1．比﹣1大的无理数是（）A．3.14 B． C． D．2．一组数据4，5，3，4，4的中位数、众数和方差分别是（）A．3，4，0.4 B．4，0.4，4 C．4，4，0.4 D．4，3，0.43．计算x2•x3÷x的结果是（）A．x4B．x5C．x6D．x74．如图，菱形ABCD中，AB=5，BD=6，则菱形的高为（）A． B． C．12 D．245．用一张半径为20的扇形纸片制成一个圆锥（接缝忽略不计），如果圆锥底面的半径为10，那么扇形的圆心角为（）A．60°B．90°C．135°D．180°6．等腰直角△ABC中，∠BAC=90°，BC=8，⊙O过点B，C，点O在△ABC的外部，且OA=1，则⊙O的半径为（）A．4 B．5 C． D．二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分，不需写出解答过程，请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上）7．16的平方根是，9的立方根是．8．2020年3月，鼓楼区的二手房均价约为25000元/平方米，若以均价购买一套100平方米的二手房，该套房屋的总价用科学记数法表示为元．9．因式分解：3a3﹣12a=．10．为了估计鱼塘青鱼的数量（鱼塘只有青鱼），将200条鲤鱼放进鱼塘，随机捕捞出一条鱼，记下品种后放回，稍后再随机捕捞出一条鱼记下品种，多次重复后发现鲤鱼出现的频率为0.2，那么可以估计鱼塘里青鱼的数量为条．11．计算（a≥0）的结果是．12．点A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）是反比例函数y=﹣图象上的两点，若x1＞x2＞0，则y1 y2（填“＞”“＜”“=”）．13．如图，将一张矩形纸片沿EF折叠后，点D、C分别落在点D′，C′的位置，若∠1=40°，则∠D′EF=．14．若△ABC的三边长分别为6、8、10，则△ABC的内切圆半径为．15．已知y是x的二次函数，函数y与自变量x的部分对应值如下表：x …﹣2 ﹣1 0 1 2 …y …0 4 6 4 k …观察表中数据，则k的值为．16．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点A，B的坐标分别为（0，1）和，若在第四象限存在点C，使△OBC和△OAB相似，则点C的坐标是．三、解答题（本大题共11题，共88分，请在答题卡指定区域作答，解答题时应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17．计算：（x﹣3）（3+x）﹣（x2+x﹣1）18．（1）解不等式3（2x+5）＞2（4x+3）并将其解集在数轴上表示出来．（2）写出一个一元一次不等式，使它和（1）中的不等式组的解集为x≤2，这个不等式可以是．19．（1）解方程：（2）方程的解为．20．为了了解学生关注热点新闻的情况，“两会”期间，小明对班级同学一周内收看“两会”新闻的次数情况作了调查，调查结果统计如图所示（其中男生收看3次的人数没有标出）．根据上述信息，解答下列各题：（1）该班级女生人数是；女生收看“两会”新闻次数的众数是；中位数是．（2）求女生收看次数的平均数．（3）为进一步分析该班级男、女生收看“两会”新闻次数的特点，小明计算出女生收看“两会”新闻次数的方差为，男生收看“两会”新闻次数的方差为2，请比较该班级男、女生收看“两会”新闻次数的波动大小．（4）对于某个群体，我们把一周内收看某热点新闻次数不低于3次的人数占其所在群体总人数的百分比叫做该群体对某热点新闻的“关注指数”，如果该班级男生对“两会”新闻的“关注指数”比女生低5%，试求该班级男生人数．21．如图，在平行四边形ABCD中，E、F为AD上两点，AE=EF=FD，连接BE、CF并延长，交于点G，GB=GC．（1）求证：四边形ABCD是矩形；（2）若△GEF的面积为2．①求四边形BCFE的面积；②四边形ABCD的面积为．22．一只不透明的袋子中装有6个小球，分别标有1，2，3，4，5，6这6个号码，这些球除号码外都相同．（1）直接写出事件“从袋中任意摸出一个球，号码为3的整数倍”的概率P1；（2）用画树状图或列表格等方法，求事件“从袋中同时摸出两个球，号码之和为6”的概率P2．23．为了测量校园内旗杆AB的高度，小明和小丽同学分别采用了如下方案：（1）小明的方案：如图1，小明在地面上点C处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角，∠ACB=45°然后他向旗杆反方向前进20米，此时在点D处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠ADB=26.6°．根据小明的方案求旗杆AB的高度．（2）小丽的方案：如图2，小丽在地面上点C处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠ACB=45°，然后从点C爬到10米高的楼上的点E处（CE⊥BC），观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠AEF=α．根据小丽的方案所求旗杆AB的高度为米．（用含α的式子表示）（参考数据：sin26.6°≈0.45，tan26.6°≈0.50）24．大客车和小轿车同时从甲地出发，沿笔直的公路以各自的速度匀速驶往异地，轿车到达乙地后，立即以相同的速度沿原路返回甲地，已知甲、乙两地相距180千米，大客车的速度为60千米/小时，轿车的速度为90千米/小时．设大客车和轿车出发x小时后，两车离乙地的距离分别为y1和y2千米．（1）分别求出y1和y2与x之间的函数关系式．（2）在同一平面直角坐标系中画出y1和y2的函数图象，并标上必要的数据．25．某公司批发一种服装，进价120元/件，批发价200元/件，公司对大量购买有优惠政策，凡是一次性购买20件以上的，每多买一件，批发价降低1元．设顾客购买x（件）时公司的利润为y（元）．（1）当一次性购买x件（x＞20）时，①批发价为元/件；②求y（元）与x（件）之间的函数表达式．（2）设批发价为a元/件，求a在什么范围内才能保证公司每次卖的越多，利润也越多．26．（11分）（2020•南京一模）如图，已知⊙O的半径是4cm，弦AB=4cm，AC是⊙O 的切线，切AC=4cm，连接BC．（1）证明：BC时⊙O的切线；（2）把△ABC沿射线CO方向平移d（3）cm（d（4）＞0），使△ABC的边所在的直线与⊙O相切，求d（5）的值．27．（10分）（2020•南京一模）如图，正方形ABCD、BGFE边长分别为2、1，正方形BGFE绕点B旋转，直线AE、GC相交于点H．（1）在正方形BGFE绕点B旋转过程中，∠AHC的大小是否始终为90°，请说明理由；（2）连接DH、BH，在正方形BGFE绕点B旋转过程中，①求DH的最大值；②直接写出DH的最小值．2020年江苏省南京市鼓楼区中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题（本大题共6小题，每小题2分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中，恰有一项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母代号填在答题卡相应位置上）1．比﹣1大的无理数是（）A．3.14 B． C． D．【考点】实数大小比较．【分析】根据这个数既要比﹣1大又是无理数，解答出即可【解答】解：A、3.14是有理数，故本选项错误；B、﹣＜﹣1，故本选项错误；C、是有理数，故本选项错误；D、﹣是比﹣1大的无理数，故本选项正确；故选：D．【点评】本题考查了实数大小的比较及无理数的定义，任意两个实数都可以比较大小，正实数都大于0，负实数都小于0，正实数大于一切负实数，两个负实数绝对值大的反而小．2．一组数据4，5，3，4，4的中位数、众数和方差分别是（）A．3，4，0.4 B．4，0.4，4 C．4，4，0.4 D．4，3，0.4【考点】方差；中位数；众数．【分析】根据中位数、众数和方差的概念求解．排序后的第3个数是中位数；出现次数最多的数据是众数；方差公式为：S2= [（x1﹣）2+（x2﹣）2+…+（x n﹣）2]．【解答】解：把这组数据从小到大排列：3，4，4，4，5，最中间的数是4，则这组数据的中位数是4；4出现了2次，出现的次数最多，则众数是4；平均数是（4+5+3+4+4）÷5=4，所以方差为S2=[[（4﹣4）2+（5﹣4）2+（3﹣4）2+（4﹣4）2+（4﹣4）2]=0.4．故选C．【点评】此题考查了中位数、众数和方差，将一组数据从小到大（或从大到小）重新排列后，最中间的那个数（或最中间两个数的平均数）叫做这组数据的中位数；众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数；方差公式为：S2= [（x1﹣）2+（x2﹣）2+…+（x n﹣）2]．3．计算x2•x3÷x的结果是（）A．x4B．x5C．x6D．x7【考点】同底数幂的除法；同底数幂的乘法．【分析】首先依据同底数幂的乘法法则进行计算，然后再依据同底数幂的除法法则计算即可．【解答】解：原式=x5÷x=x4．故选：A．【点评】本题主要考查的是同底数幂的除法和同底数幂的乘法，掌握运算顺序是解题的关键．4．如图，菱形ABCD中，AB=5，BD=6，则菱形的高为（）A． B． C．12 D．24【考点】菱形的性质．【分析】直接利用菱形的性质得出AC的长，进而利用菱形的面积求出答案．【解答】解：∵菱形ABCD中，BD=6，∴BO=3，∠AOB=90°，∴AO=CO===4，∴AC=8，∴设菱形的高为x，则5x=×6×8，解得：x=．故选：B．【点评】此题主要考查了菱形的性质以及勾股定理，正确得出AC的长是解题关键．5．用一张半径为20的扇形纸片制成一个圆锥（接缝忽略不计），如果圆锥底面的半径为10，那么扇形的圆心角为（）A．60°B．90°C．135°D．180°【考点】圆锥的计算．【分析】先求出圆锥底面圆的周长，即为扇形的弧长，再根据弧长公式即可求出扇形的圆心角．【解答】解：∵圆锥底面的半径为10，∴圆锥底面圆的周长为20π，即扇形的弧长=20π，设扇形的圆心角为n°，则=20π，解得n=180，故选D．【点评】本题考查了圆锥的计算及弧长的计算，用到的知识点为：圆锥的侧面展开图的弧长等于圆锥的底面周长．6．等腰直角△ABC中，∠BAC=90°，BC=8，⊙O过点B，C，点O在△ABC的外部，且OA=1，则⊙O的半径为（）A．4 B．5 C． D．【考点】等腰直角三角形．【分析】根据题意首先作图并连接OC、OB，延长OA交BC于点D，交⊙O于点E，然后证明△OBD为直角三角形，利用已知条件及勾股定理即可求解【解答】解：如下图所示：连接OC、OB，延长OA交BC于点D，交⊙O于点E∵在△OAB与△OAC中，∴△OAB≌△OAC，∴∠OAB=∠OAC，∴∠BAD=∠CAD又∵AB=AC，∴∠ADB=∠ADC=90°，BD=DC=AD=4∴在Rt△ODB中，OB2=OD2+BD2，∴OB2=52+42=41，∴OB=即：⊙O的半径是【点评】本题考查了圆与等腰直角三角形综合的有关问题，解题的关键是正确作图，并构建含半径及已知条件的直角三角形．二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分，不需写出解答过程，请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上）7．16的平方根是±4，9的立方根是．【考点】立方根；平方根．【分析】依据平方根、立方根的定义和性质求解即可．【解答】解∵（±4）2=16，∴16的平方根是±4．9的立方根是．故答案为：±4；．【点评】本题主要考查的是平方根、立方根的性质和定义，掌握平方根和立方根的定义是解题的关键．8．2020年3月，鼓楼区的二手房均价约为25000元/平方米，若以均价购买一套100平方米的二手房，该套房屋的总价用科学记数法表示为 2.5×106元．【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数．【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为整数．确定n的值时，要看把原数变成a时，小数点移动了多少位，n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同．当原数绝对值＞1时，n是正数；当原数的绝对值＜1时，n是负数．【解答】解：该套房屋的总价用科学记数法表示为2.5×106元，故答案为：2.5×106．【点评】此题考查科学记数法的表示方法．科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式，其中1≤|a|＜10，n为整数，表示时关键要正确确定a的值以及n的值．9．因式分解：3a3﹣12a=3a（a+2）（a﹣2）．【考点】提公因式法与公式法的综合运用．【分析】先提取公因式3a，再根据平方差公式进行二次分解．【解答】解：3a3﹣12a=3a（a2﹣4）（提取公因式）=3a（a+2）（a﹣2）．故答案为：3a（a+2）（a﹣2）．【点评】本题考查了提公因式法，公式法分解因式，提取公因式后利用平方差公式进行二次分解，注意分解要彻底．10．为了估计鱼塘青鱼的数量（鱼塘只有青鱼），将200条鲤鱼放进鱼塘，随机捕捞出一条鱼，记下品种后放回，稍后再随机捕捞出一条鱼记下品种，多次重复后发现鲤鱼出现的频率为0.2，那么可以估计鱼塘里青鱼的数量为800条．【考点】用样本估计总体．【分析】根据放入鲤鱼后鲤鱼出现的频率可以估计出放入鲤鱼后鱼塘中鱼的总数量，从而可以得到原来鱼塘中青鱼的数量．【解答】解：由题意可得，鱼塘里的青鱼的数量为：200÷0.2﹣200=1000﹣200=800（条），故答案为：800．【点评】本题考查用样本估计总体，解题的关键是明确题意，由鲤鱼的数量和出现的频率可以计算出青鱼的数量．11．计算（a≥0）的结果是2a．【考点】二次根式的加减法．【分析】先把各二次根式化为最简二次根式，再合并同类项即可．【解答】解：原式=3a﹣a=2a．故答案为：2a．【点评】本题考查的是二次根式的加减法，熟知二次根式相加减，先把各个二次根式化成最简二次根式，再把被开方数相同的二次根式进行合并，合并方法为系数相加减，根式不变是解答此题的关键．12．点A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）是反比例函数y=﹣图象上的两点，若x1＞x2＞0，则y1＞y2（填“＞”“＜”“=”）．【考点】反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征．【分析】先根据反比例函数的解析式判断出函数图象所在的象限，再根据x1＞x2＞0即可得出结论．【解答】解：∵反比例函数y=﹣中，k=﹣2＜0，∴函数图象的两个分支分别位于二四象限，且在每一象限内，y随x的增大而增大，∵x1＞x2＞0，∴y1＞y2．故答案为：＞．【点评】本题考查的是反比例函数图象上点的坐标特点，熟知反比例函数的图象与系数的关系是解答此题的关键．13．如图，将一张矩形纸片沿EF折叠后，点D、C分别落在点D′，C′的位置，若∠1=40°，则∠D′EF=70°．【考点】平行线的性质．【分析】由折叠的性质得∠DEF=∠D′EF，然后根据平角的定义即可得到结论．【解答】解：由折叠的性质得∠DEF=∠D′EF，∵∠1=40°，∴∠D′EF=（180°﹣40°）=70°，故答案为：70°．【点评】本题考查了折叠的性质，平角的定义，熟记折叠的性质是解题的关键．14．若△ABC的三边长分别为6、8、10，则△ABC的内切圆半径为2．【考点】三角形的内切圆与内心．【分析】先根据勾股定理的逆定理求出△ABC是直角三角形，然后利用直角边为a、b，斜边为c的三角形的内切圆半径为进行计算即可．【解答】解：∵△ABC的三边长分别为6、8、10，∴62+82=102，∴△ABC是直角三角形，∴△ABC的内切圆半径r==2．故答案是：2．【点评】本题考查了三角形的内切圆与内心：与三角形各边都相切的圆叫三角形的内切圆，三角形的内切圆的圆心叫做三角形的内心，这个三角形叫做圆的外切三角形．三角形的内心就是三角形三个内角角平分线的交点．记住直角边为a、b，斜边为c的三角形的内切圆半径为．15．已知y是x的二次函数，函数y与自变量x的部分对应值如下表：x …﹣2 ﹣1 0 1 2 …y …0 4 6 4 k …观察表中数据，则k的值为0．【考点】二次函数的性质．【分析】根据题目提供的满足二次函数解析式的x、y的值，确定二次函数的对称轴，利用对称轴找到一个点的对称点的纵坐标即可．【解答】解：由上表可知函数图象经过点（﹣1，4）和点（1，4），∴对称轴为x==0，即y轴∴当x=2时的函数值等于当x=﹣2时的函数值，∵当x=﹣2时，y=0，∴当x=2时，k=0．故答案为：0．【点评】本题考查了二次函数的图象的性质，利用表格找到二次函数的对称点是解决此题的关键，另外本题还可以先求出函数的解析式，然后代入求值．16．如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点A，B的坐标分别为（0，1）和，若在第四象限存在点C，使△OBC和△OAB相似，则点C的坐标是（，﹣1），或（，3）或（，﹣）或（，﹣）．【考点】相似三角形的判定；坐标与图形性质．【分析】先根据题意得出OA，OB的长，再分△BOC∽△OBA，△BCO∽△OAB，△CBO ∽△OBA，△CBO∽△OAB四种情况进行分类讨论，由直角三角形的性质即可得出结果．【解答】解：∵A（0，1）、B（，0），∴OA=1，OB=，∴AB==2，∠ABO=30°．当∠OBC=90°时，如图1，①若△BOC∽△OBA，则∠C=∠ABO=30°，BC=OA=1，OB=，∴C（，﹣1）；②若△BCO∽△OAB，则∠BOC=∠BAO=30°，BC=OB=3，OB=，∴C（，﹣3）当∠OCB=90°时，如图2，过点C作CP⊥OB于点P，①当△CBO∽△OBA时，∠OBC=∠ABO=30°，∴OC=OB=，同理：OP=OC=，∴PC=OP=，∴C（，﹣）；②当△CBO∽△OAB时，∠BIC=∠ABO=30°，∴BC=OB=，同理：BP=BC=，∴PC=BP=，OP=OB﹣BP=，∴C（，﹣）；综上所述：点C的坐标为（，﹣1），或（，﹣3）或（，﹣）或（，﹣）；故答案为：（，﹣1），或（，3）或（，﹣）或（，﹣）．【点评】本题考查的是相似三角形的判定定理、坐标与图形性质、勾股定理、直角三角形的性质；在解答此题时要进行分类讨论，不要漏解．三、解答题（本大题共11题，共88分，请在答题卡指定区域作答，解答题时应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤）17．计算：（x﹣3）（3+x）﹣（x2+x﹣1）【考点】平方差公式．【分析】先用平方差公式和去括号法则展开，再合并同类项即可．【解答】解：原式=x2﹣9﹣x2﹣x+1=﹣x﹣8．【点评】本题主要考查整式的混合运算和平方差公式，熟练掌握平方差公式是解题的关键．18．（1）解不等式3（2x+5）＞2（4x+3）并将其解集在数轴上表示出来．（2）写出一个一元一次不等式，使它和（1）中的不等式组的解集为x≤2，这个不等式可以是x﹣1≤1（答案不唯一）．【考点】解一元一次不等式；在数轴上表示不等式的解集．【分析】（1）先去括号，再移项，合并同类项，把x的系数化为1即可；（2）根据（1）中不等式的解集可直接得出结论．【解答】解：（1）去括号得，6x+15＞8x+6，移项得，6x﹣8x＞6﹣15，合并同类项得，﹣2x＞﹣9，把x的系数化为1得，x＜4.5；（2）x﹣1≤1．故答案为：x﹣1≤1（答案不唯一）．【点评】本题考查的是解一元一次不等式，熟知解一元一次不等式的基本步骤是解答此题的关键．19．（1）解方程：（2）方程的解为x1=x2=．【考点】解分式方程；解一元二次方程-配方法．【分析】（1）分式方程去分母转化为整式方程，求出整式方程的解得到x的值，经检验即可得到分式方程的解；（2）方程去分母整理后，利用配方法求出解即可．【解答】解：（1）去分母得：4x+2=4，解得：x=，经检验x=是增根，分式方程无解；（2）去分母得：4x﹣2=4x2﹣1，即4x2﹣4x+1=0，分解因式得：（2x﹣1）2=0，解得：x1=x2=，故答案为：x1=x2=【点评】此题考查了解分式方程，以及解一元二次方程﹣配方法，解分式方程利用了转化的思想，求出解后别忘了验根．20．为了了解学生关注热点新闻的情况，“两会”期间，小明对班级同学一周内收看“两会”新闻的次数情况作了调查，调查结果统计如图所示（其中男生收看3次的人数没有标出）．根据上述信息，解答下列各题：（1）该班级女生人数是20；女生收看“两会”新闻次数的众数是3；中位数是3．（2）求女生收看次数的平均数．（3）为进一步分析该班级男、女生收看“两会”新闻次数的特点，小明计算出女生收看“两会”新闻次数的方差为，男生收看“两会”新闻次数的方差为2，请比较该班级男、女生收看“两会”新闻次数的波动大小．（4）对于某个群体，我们把一周内收看某热点新闻次数不低于3次的人数占其所在群体总人数的百分比叫做该群体对某热点新闻的“关注指数”，如果该班级男生对“两会”新闻的“关注指数”比女生低5%，试求该班级男生人数．【考点】条形统计图；解分式方程；加权平均数；中位数；众数；方差．【分析】（1）将各观看次数的人数相加得到女生总数，观看次数最多的为众数，从小到大排列后，最中间或中间两数的平均为中位数；（2）根据加权平均数的算法，列式计算即可；（3）由方差可判断，方差小说明波动小；（4）根据题意，求出女生的关注指数，进而得到男生的关注指数，设男生人数为x，列出方程，解之可得．【解答】解：（1）该班级女生人数为：2+5+6+5+2=20（人），其中收看3次的人数最多，达6次，故众数为3；该班级女生收看次数的中位数是从小到大排列的第10、11个数的平均数，均为3，故中位数是3；（2）女生收看次数的平均数是：×（1×2+2×5+3×6+4×5+5×2）==30；（3）∵2＞，∴所以男生比女生的波动幅度大；（4）由题意：该班女生对“两会”新闻的“关注指数”为×100%=65%，所以，男生对“两会”新闻的“关注指数”为60%设该班的男生有x人则，解得：x=25，答：该班级男生有25人．【点评】本题主考考查从统计表中获取有用数据的能力，并用获取的数据进行计算、解决问题的能力，获取有用数据时解题关键．21．如图，在平行四边形ABCD中，E、F为AD上两点，AE=EF=FD，连接BE、CF并延长，交于点G，GB=GC．（1）求证：四边形ABCD是矩形；（2）若△GEF的面积为2．①求四边形BCFE的面积；②四边形ABCD的面积为24．【考点】相似三角形的判定与性质；全等三角形的判定与性质；矩形的判定．【分析】（1）根据平行四边形的性质得到AD∥BC，AB=DC，AB∥CD于是得到BE=CF，根据全等三角形的性质得到∠A=∠D，根据平行线的性质得到∠A+∠D=180°，由矩形的判定定理即可得到结论；（2）①根据相似三角形的性质得到=（）2=，求得△GBC的面积为18，于是得到四边形BCFE的面积为16；②根据四边形BCFE的面积为16，列方程得到BC•AB=24，即可得到结论．【解答】（1）证明：∵GB=GC，∴∠GBC=∠GCB，在平行四边形ABCD中，∵AD∥BC，AB=DC，AB∥CD，∴GB﹣GE=GC﹣GF，∴BE=CF，在△ABE与△DCF中，，∴△ABE≌△DCF，∴∠A=∠D，∵AB∥CD，∴∠A+∠D=180°，∴∠A=∠D=90°，∴四边形ABCD是矩形；（2）①∵EF∥BC，∴△GFE∽△GBC，∵EF=AD，∴EF=BC，∴=（）2=，∵△GEF的面积为2，∴△GBC的面积为18，∴四边形BCFE的面积为16，；②∵四边形BCFE的面积为16，∴（EF+BC）•AB=×BC•AB=16，∴BC•AB=24，∴四边形ABCD的面积为24，故答案为：24．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质，矩形的判定和性质，图形面积的计算，全等三角形的判定和性质，证得△GFE∽△GBC是解题的关键．22．一只不透明的袋子中装有6个小球，分别标有1，2，3，4，5，6这6个号码，这些球除号码外都相同．（1）直接写出事件“从袋中任意摸出一个球，号码为3的整数倍”的概率P1；（2）用画树状图或列表格等方法，求事件“从袋中同时摸出两个球，号码之和为6”的概率P2．【考点】概率公式．【分析】列举出符合题意的各种情况的个数，再根据概率公式解答即可．【解答】解：（1）∵3和6都是3的整数倍，∴P1==；（3分）（2）列表得：6 7 8 9 10 115 6 7 8 9 114 5 6 7 9 103 4 5 7 8 92 3 5 6 7 81 3 4 5 6 71 2 3 4 5 6从袋中同时摸出两个球的可能性有（1，2）、（1，3）、（1，4）、（1，5）、（1，6）、（2，3）、（2，4）、（2，5）、（2，6）、（3，4）、（3，5）、（3，6）、（4，5）、（4，6）、（5，6），共十五种，号码之和为6的有（1，5）、（2，4），所以P2=．（8分）【点评】如果一个事件有n种可能，而且这些事件的可能性相同，其中事件A出现m种结果，那么事件A的概率P（A）=．23．为了测量校园内旗杆AB的高度，小明和小丽同学分别采用了如下方案：（1）小明的方案：如图1，小明在地面上点C处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角，∠ACB=45°然后他向旗杆反方向前进20米，此时在点D处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠ADB=26.6°．根据小明的方案求旗杆AB的高度．（2）小丽的方案：如图2，小丽在地面上点C处观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠ACB=45°，然后从点C爬到10米高的楼上的点E处（CE⊥BC），观测旗杆顶部，测得仰角∠AEF=α．根据小丽的方案所求旗杆AB的高度为米．（用含α的式子表示）（参考数据：sin26.6°≈0.45，tan26.6°≈0.50）【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题．【分析】（1）在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=45°，得到AB=BC，在Rt△ABD中，∠ADB=26.6°，得到tan26.6°=，即可得到结论；（2）延长EF交AB于D，根据矩形的性质得到BD=CE=10，DE=BC，然后根据三角函数的定义列方程即可得到结论．【解答】解：（1）在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB=45°，∴AB=BC，在Rt△ABD中，∠ADB=26.6°，∴tan26.6°=，∴AB=≈20m，答：旗杆AB的高度为20m；（2）延长EF交AB于D，∴BD=CE=10，DE=BC，∵∠ACB=45°，∴AB=BC，∴DE=AB，∵∠AEF=α，∴tanα==，∴AB=，答：旗杆AB的高度为米．【点评】此题考查了解直角三角形的应用﹣仰角俯角问题，本题要求学生借助俯角构造直角三角形，并结合图形利用三角函数解直角三角形．24．大客车和小轿车同时从甲地出发，沿笔直的公路以各自的速度匀速驶往异地，轿车到达乙地后，立即以相同的速度沿原路返回甲地，已知甲、乙两地相距180千米，大客车的速度为60千米/小时，轿车的速度为90千米/小时．设大客车和轿车出发x小时后，两车离乙地的距离分别为y1和y2千米．（1）分别求出y1和y2与x之间的函数关系式．（2）在同一平面直角坐标系中画出y1和y2的函数图象，并标上必要的数据．【考点】一次函数的应用．【分析】（1）根据大客车离乙地的路程=180﹣速度×时间，小轿车离乙地的路程分①0≤x ≤2，②2≤x≤4分别计算即可．（2）利用描点法画出图象即可．【解答】解：（1）y1=180﹣60x，当0≤x≤2时，y2=180﹣90x，当2≤x≤4时，y2=90x﹣180．（2）y1和y2的函数图象，如图所示．【点评】本题考查一次函数的应用，路程、速度、时间之间的关系，等知识，解题的关键是理解题意，利用路程=速度×时间解决问题，属于中考常考题型．25．某公司批发一种服装，进价120元/件，批发价200元/件，公司对大量购买有优惠政策，凡是一次性购买20件以上的，每多买一件，批发价降低1元．设顾客购买x（件）时公司的利润为y（元）．（1）当一次性购买x件（x＞20）时，①批发价为220﹣x元/件；②求y（元）与x（件）之间的函数表达式．（2）设批发价为a元/件，求a在什么范围内才能保证公司每次卖的越多，利润也越多．【考点】二次函数的应用．【分析】（1）①根据题意列出代数式即可；②根据题意即可的结论；（3）根据y=﹣x2+100x=﹣（x﹣50）2+2500，于是得到抛物线的开口向下，x=50时，y有最大值，在对称轴x=50的左侧，y随x的增大而增大，于是得到结论．【解答】解：（1）①根据题意得：批发价为[200﹣（x﹣20）]=（220﹣x）元/件；故答案为：220﹣x；②y=（220﹣x﹣120）x=﹣x2+100x，（3）∵y=﹣x2+100x=﹣（x﹣50）2+2500，∵抛物线的开口向下，∴x=50时，y有最大值，在对称轴x=50的左侧，y随x的增大而增大，∴200﹣（50﹣20）]=170，∴170≤a≤200时，每次卖的越多，利润也越多．【点评】本题考查了二次函数的应用，销售问题的数量关系的运用，解答时求出二次函数的解析式是关键．26．（11分）（2020•南京一模）如图，已知⊙O的半径是4cm，弦AB=4cm，AC是⊙O 的切线，切AC=4cm，连接BC．（1）证明：BC时⊙O的切线；（2）把△ABC沿射线CO方向平移d（3）cm（d（4）＞0），使△ABC的边所在的直线与⊙O相切，求d（5）的值．【考点】切线的判定与性质；平移的性质．【分析】（1）连接OA、OB．作OD⊥AB于点D，由切线的性质得出∠OAC=90°，由垂径定理得出AD=AB=2，在Rt△OAD中，求出∠AOD=45°，同理∠BOD=45°，证出AC∥OB，得出四边形OABC为平行四边形，证出四边形OABC是矩形，得出OB⊥BC，即可得出结论；（2）延长DO交⊙O于E，把△ABC沿射线CO方向平移，使AB边与⊙O相切，则平移的距离为DE的长，由等腰直角三角形的性质得出OD=AD=2，求出DE的长即可．【解答】（1）证明：连接OA、OB．作OD⊥AB于点D，如图1所示：∵AC是⊙O的切线，∴OA⊥AC，即∠OAC=90°，∵OD⊥AB，AD=AB=×4=2，在Rt△OAD中，==，∴∠AOD=45°，同理∠BOD=45°，∴∠BOA=90°，∴∠OAC+∠BOA=180°，∴AC∥OB，∵AC=OB=4，∴四边形OABC为平行四边形，∵∠OAC=90°，∴四边形OABC是矩形，∴∠OBC=90°，即OB⊥BC，∴BC是⊙O的切线；（2）解：延长DO交⊙O于E，如图2所示：∵OD⊥AB，把△ABC沿射线CO方向平移，使AB边与⊙O相切，则平移的距离为DE的长，∵在Rt△OAD中，∠AOD=45°，∴OD=AD=2，。
2020南京市鼓楼区中考语文一模试卷含答案
江苏省南京市鼓楼区2020年中考一模语文试卷含答案2020.05注意事项：1.本试卷6页，共120分。
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一（9分）1.请用正楷或行楷将下面的句子抄写在方格中。
（3分）恰同学少年，风华正茂。
▲▲▲▲▲，▲▲▲▲。
2.用诗文原句填空。
（6分）（1）儿童散学归来早，▲。
（高鼎《村居》）（2）河流大野犹嫌束，▲。
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（本试卷中出现的诗句除外）▲，▲。
二（61分）（一）阅读下面文章，完成3-6题。
（17分）船苏童到常熟去的客船每天早晨经过我家窗外的河道，是轮船公司的船，所以船只用蓝色和白色的油漆分成两个部分，客舱的白色和船体的蓝色泾渭分明，使那条船显得气宇轩昂。
每天从河道里经过无数的船，我最喜欢的就是去常熟的客船，我曾经在美术本上画过那艘轮船，美术老师看见那份美术作业，很吃惊，说，没想到你画船能画得这么好。
孩提时代的一切都是易于解释的，孩子们的涂鸦往往在无意中表露了他的挚爱，而我对船舶的喜爱甚至一直延续到了今天。
我记忆中的苏州内河水道是洁净而明亮的，六七十年代经济迟滞不动，我家乡的河水却每天都在流动，流动的河水中经过了无数驶向常熟太仓或昆山的船。
最常见的是运货的驳船队，七八条驳船拴接在一起，被一条火轮牵引着，突突地向前行驶，我能清晰地看见火轮上正在下棋的两个工人，看见前驳船上的一对对夫妇和他们的孩子，让我关注的就是驳船上的那一个个家，一个个年龄与我相仿的孩子。
这种处于漂浮和行进中的生活在我眼里是一种神秘的诱惑。