氟哌啶醇片
维思通等药物说明书
药品名称通用名:盐酸曲唑酮片商品名称：美抒玉英文名:Trazodone Hydrochloride Tablets汉语拼音:Meishuyu--------------------------------------------------------------------------------药品信息【性状】为一种白色无味晶体状粉末，易溶于水。
【药理作用】美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)为特异性5-羟色胺的再摄取抑制剂。
由于具有α1肾上腺素能拮抗作用与抗组织胺作用，可诱发体位性低血压，美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)不是一种单胺氧化酶抑制剂，而且与苯丙胺类药物不同，对中枢神经系统没有兴奋作用。
【适应证】用于治疗抑郁症和伴随抑郁症状的焦虑症以及药物依赖者戒断后的情绪障碍。
【用法用量】剂量应该从低剂量开始，逐渐增加剂量并观察治疗反应。
有昏睡出现时，须将每日剂量的大部分分配至睡前服用或减量。
服药第一周内症状即有所缓解，两周内出现较佳抗抑郁效果。
通常需要服药两周到四周才出现最佳疗效。
成人常用剂量：建议初始剂量为50-100mg/日(分次服用)，然后每三至四天剂量可增加50mg/日。
门诊病人一般以200mg/日(分次服用)为宜，住院病人较严重者剂量可较大。
最高用量不超过400mg/日(分次服用)。
维持治疗：长期维持的剂量应保持在最低有效果。
一旦有足够的疗效，可逐渐减量。
一般建议治疗的疗程应该持续数月。
【不良反应】常见不良反应为嗜睡、疲乏、头晕、头疼、失眠、紧张和震颤等；以及视物模糊、口干、便秘。
少见体位性低血压和心动过速、恶心、呕吐和腹部不适。
极少数病人出现肌肉骨骼疼痛和多梦。
【禁忌】对美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)过敏者不可服用，如严重的心脏病或心律不齐者禁用，意识障碍者禁用。
【注意事项】有些病人服用美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)时可能会出现低血压，包括体位性低血压和晕厥。
如果美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)与降压药合用，需要减少降压药的剂量。
美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)和全麻药的相互作用了解甚少，因而在择期手术前，美抒玉(盐酸曲唑酮)应在临床许可的情况下尽早停用。
氟哌啶醇护理记录单
氟哌啶醇护理记录单
摘要：
1.氟哌啶醇护理记录单的概述
2.氟哌啶醇的药理作用
3.氟哌啶醇的适应症和用法用量
4.氟哌啶醇的副作用和注意事项
5.氟哌啶醇的护理要点
正文：
一、氟哌啶醇护理记录单的概述
氟哌啶醇是一种抗精神病药，主要用于治疗精神分裂症、躁狂症和其他精神病。
在使用氟哌啶醇的过程中，为了确保患者的安全和有效地监测病情，需要进行护理记录。
二、氟哌啶醇的药理作用
氟哌啶醇属于吩噻嗪类抗精神病药，主要通过阻断脑内多巴胺受体，减少多巴胺神经的功能，从而达到缓解精神病症状的目的。
三、氟哌啶醇的适应症和用法用量
氟哌啶醇主要用于治疗精神分裂症、躁狂症和其他精神病。
成人的常用剂量为每日5-20mg，分2-3 次口服。
剂量需根据患者的年龄、体重、病情等因素进行个体化调整。
四、氟哌啶醇的副作用和注意事项
氟哌啶醇的常见副作用包括头晕、嗜睡、口干、便秘、体重增加等。
在用药过程中，应注意监测患者的血压、心率、肝功能等生化指标。
对于有严重心
脏病、肝肾功能不全、高血压、癫痫等病史的患者，应在医生指导下使用。
五、氟哌啶醇的护理要点
1.观察患者的用药反应，如头晕、嗜睡等，并及时与医生沟通。
2.指导患者保持良好的生活作息，避免过度劳累和精神刺激。
3.督促患者按时服药，并关注药物疗效和不良反应。
4.保持良好的饮食和作息，避免诱发精神病症状。
氟哌啶醇(氟呢丁苯,氟呢醉,卤吡醇)
氟哌啶醇(氟呢丁苯,氟呢醉,卤吡醇)【药理与适用症】: 作用与氯丙嗪相似，作用原理亦相同。
特点为：抗焦虎症、抗精神病作用强而久，对精神分裂症与其它精神病的躁狂症状都有效。
镇吐作用亦较强，但镇静作用弱。
降温作用不明显。
口服吸收快，2―3小时血浆浓度达高峰，持续约72小时，然后缓慢下降。
肝脏分布较多。
约15％由胆汁排出，其余由肾排出。
主要用于：(1)各种急、慢性、精神分裂症。
对吩噻嗪类治疗无效者，氟哌啶醇可能有效。
(2)焦虑性神经官能症。
(3)呕吐及顽固性呢逆。
(4)与哌替啶合用以增强其镇痛作用。
氟哌啶醇口服吸收可达70％，血浆蛋白结合率高。
口服后3～6小时，肌内注射10―20分钟血药浓度达峰值，Tl／2为2l小时。
在肝内代谢。
作用可持续3天。
主要经肾排泄，其中仅1％为原形物。
胆汁也可排泄一定量。
【注意事项】(1)孕妇及哺乳期妇女禁用。
(2)老年人开始时宜用小量，然后缓慢加药，调整用量，以避免锥体外系反应及持久的迟发性运动障碍出现。
(3)心脏病尤其是心绞痛，药物引起的急性中枢神经抑制，癫痫，青光眼，肝肾肺功能不全，甲亢或中毒性甲状腺肿大者慎用。
(4)消化道症状，可见恶心，呕吐及食欲不振等。
(5)罕见粒细胞减少，咽部疼痛和发热，眼部或皮肤发黄(即黄疽的先兆)。
【用法与用量】(1)口服用于精神病，1日4―60mg，开始时每次1―2mg，无效时可逐渐增加剂量。
用于呕吐和焦虑1日O．5―1．5mg。
(2)肌内注射1次5～10mg，1日2～3次。
(3)静注5mg，以25％葡萄糖液稀释后在l一2分钟内缓慢注入，每8小时1次，如无效可将剂量加倍。
如好转可改口服。
(4)控制急性兴奋症状肌注：一次5―10mg，一日3～4次，或20～30mg加入葡萄糖注射液内静滴，后改为口服。
(5)非精神病的行为或多发性抽动小儿用量，口服，开始一日O．05mg／kg，分2―3次服，5―7天后酌情增至每日0．075mg／kg。
【性状】: 白色或类白色的结晶性粉末；无臭，无味。
氟哌啶醇
氟哌啶醇
Fupaidingchun
Haloperidol
书页号：中国药典2005版二部-397
［修订］
有关物质照高效液相色谱法（附录Ⅴ D）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（50：50）（用磷酸调节pH值至4.0）为流动相；检测波长为220nm；调节流速使氟哌啶醇峰的保留时间约为13分钟，氟哌啶醇峰与相邻杂质峰的分离度应符合要求。
测定法避光操作。
取本品约50mg，精密称定，置50ml量瓶中，加流动相溶解并稀释至刻度，摇匀，作为供试品溶液。
精密量取供试品溶液1ml，置100ml 量瓶中，用流动相稀释至刻度，摇匀，作为对照溶液，量取对照溶液15μl，注入液相色谱仪，调节检测灵敏度，使主成分色谱峰的峰高约为满量程的20%；精密量取供试品溶液和对照溶液各15μl，分别注入液相色谱仪，记录色谱图至主成分峰保留时间的2.5倍，供试品溶液色谱图中如有杂质峰，小于对照溶液主峰面积0.05倍（0.05%）的色谱峰忽略不计，单个杂质峰面积不得大于对照溶液的主峰面积的0.5倍（0.5%），各杂质峰面积的和不得大于对照溶液主峰面积（1.0%）。
氟哌啶醇相关杂质
相关杂质整理列表中文名英文名CAS号规格纯度结构式氟哌啶醇杂质1（氟哌啶醇EP杂质A）HaloperidolImpurity 1（HaloperidolEP ImpurityA）3109-12-4 10mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂质2（氟哌啶醇EP杂质B）HaloperidolImpurity 2（HaloperidolEP ImpurityB）1391052-53-110mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂3（氟哌啶醇EP杂质C）HaloperidolImpurity 3（HaloperidolEP ImpurityC）1391052-87-110mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂质4（氟哌啶醇EP杂质D）HaloperidolImpurity 4（HaloperidolEP ImpurityD）67987-08-0 10mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂质5（氟哌啶醇EP杂质E）HaloperidolImpurity 5（HaloperidolEP ImpurityE）1391054-69-510mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂质6（氟哌啶醇EP杂质F）HaloperidolImpurity 6（HaloperidolEP ImpurityF）1391052-67-710mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%氟哌啶醇杂质7 HaloperidolImpurity 734104-67-1 10mg-25mg-50mg-100mg ≥99%湖北扬信医药科技有限公司经营上万种杂质对照品（优势供应硫酸羟氯喹杂质、硝苯地平杂质、沙丁胺醇杂质、达格列净杂质、厄贝沙坦杂质、阿莫西林克拉维酸钾杂质、利伐沙班杂质、阿托伐他汀钙杂质、西格列汀杂质、利格列汀杂质等），并代理销售中检所、STD、LGC、TLC、EP、USP、TRC等多个品牌产品，提供上万种标准品对照品，真诚为您服务。
氟哌啶醇原料
氟哌啶醇原料氟哌啶醇是一种重要的药物原料，广泛应用于制药、医疗等领域。
它不仅具有较高的药效，还具备一系列独特的化学性质和生物活性。
本文将为大家介绍氟哌啶醇的原料来源及相关信息。
一、氟哌啶醇的合成原料1. 溶剂：氟哌啶醇的合成过程通常需要使用有机溶剂，如乙醇、乙腈等。
这些溶剂具有较好的溶解性能，能够提高反应速度和产率。
2. 反应物：氟哌啶醇的合成反应主要依赖于氟哌啶和具有还原性的化合物。
常用的还原剂包括亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠等。
这些反应物经过适当的反应条件下反应，可以有效地得到氟哌啶醇。
二、氟哌啶醇的生产工艺氟哌啶醇的生产工艺主要包括以下步骤：1. 原料准备：首先，需准备好氟哌啶、溶剂和还原剂。
确保原料的纯度和质量，以保证后续反应的顺利进行。
2. 反应反应器：将原料加入反应器中，并加入适量的溶剂。
根据反应条件，如反应温度、反应时间等进行操作。
3. 反应过程：调节反应温度和反应时间，使得反应顺利进行。
通过控制反应条件，可以提高产率和产物纯度。
4. 过滤和分离：反应结束后，对反应体系进行过滤和分离操作，以获得氟哌啶醇的纯品。
5. 结晶和干燥：通过结晶和干燥等工艺步骤，进一步提高氟哌啶醇的纯度，并获得成品。
三、氟哌啶醇的应用领域氟哌啶醇具有较好的药物活性和生物可利用性，被广泛应用于以下领域：1. 药物制剂：氟哌啶醇是一种重要的活性成分，常用于制备抗炎药物、心血管药物等。
它具有较好的吸收性和稳定性，能够提高药物的疗效。
2. 医疗器械：氟哌啶醇具有抗菌和抗病毒的作用，可应用于医疗器械的表面材料的处理，以减少细菌和病毒的感染风险。
3. 化学合成：氟哌啶醇作为一种重要的合成中间体，广泛用于有机合成反应中，如合成其他药物、精细化学品等。
氟哌啶醇作为一种重要的药物原料，其合成原料及生产工艺对于获得高质量的产品至关重要。
合理选择原料和控制反应条件，可以提高产率和纯度。
氟哌啶醇在药物制剂和医疗器械领域具有广泛的应用前景，为人们的健康事业做出了重要贡献。
国家药品监督管理局关于氟哌啶醇片说明书增加儿童用药信息的公告
和黄医药索凡替尼获国家药监局批准新适应证： 治疗晚期胰腺神经内分泌瘤
为更好满足儿童临床用药需求，经研究论证， 氟哌啶醇片的说明书可以按要求增加儿童使用人 群及用法用量。修订建议为：
对于 13 ～ 17 岁青少年精神分裂症：推荐剂 量为每天 0.5 ～ 3 mg，按剂量口服给药（每天 2 ～ 3 次）；当推荐剂量超过每天 3 mg 时，建议评估个体 的获益风险比；最大推荐剂量为每天 5 mg；治疗持 续时间必须根据个体状况予以确定。
对于 6 ～ 17 岁儿童和青少年孤独症或广泛 性发育障碍的攻击行为：6 ～ 11 岁儿童的推荐剂 量为每天 0.5 ～ 3 mg，12 ～ 17 岁青少年的推荐剂 量为每天 0.5 ～ 5 mg，按剂量口服给药（每天 2 ～ 3 次）。6 周后须对持续治疗的必要性进行评估。
对于 10 ～ 17 岁儿童和青少年抽动障碍：推 荐剂量为每天 0.5 ～ 3 mg，按剂量口服给药（每天 2 ～ 3 次）。每 6 ～ 12 个月须对持续治疗的必要 性进行评估。
该研究中，Epclusa 在 3 ～ 6 岁（不含 6 岁）儿童中的的安全性与成 人临床试验结果基本一致。分别有 15% 和 10% 的儿童患者出现呕吐和 产品使用问题（吐出药物）；这些不良反应很轻（1 级或 2 级），导致 5 例儿 童（12%）停止治疗。
此次批准，基于一项Ⅱ期开放标签临床试验的数据。该试验入组了 41 例 3 ～ 6 岁（不含 6 岁）儿童患者，接受了为期 12 周 Epclusa 治疗。结果 显示，治疗完成后 12 周，按病毒基因型，Epclusa 12 周方案的病毒学治愈率 （SVR12）：1 型 HCV 感染者中为 88%（28/32）、2 型 HCV 感染者中为 50% （3/6）、3 型 HCV 感染者中为 100%（2/2）、4 型 HCV 感染者中为 100%（1/1）。 在未治愈的 7 例患者中，所有患者在开始治疗后 1 ～ 20 d 内停止了治疗。
【2016】信息-氟哌啶醇片 美国 Sandoz Inc
HALOPERIDOL- haloperidol tabletSandoz Inc----------Haloperidol Tablets, USPWARNINGIncreased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related PsychosisElderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Analyses of seventeen placebo-controlled trials (modal duration of10 weeks), largely in patients taking atypical antipsychotic drugs, revealed a risk of death indrug-treated patients of between 1.6 to 1.7 times the risk of death in placebo-treatedpatients. Over the course of a typical 10-week controlled trial, the rate of death in drug-treated patients was about 4.5%, compared to a rate of about 2.6% in the placebo group.Although the causes of death were varied, most of the deaths appeared to be eithercardiovascular (e.g., heart failure, sudden death) or infectious (e.g., pneumonia) in nature.Observational studies suggest that, similar to atypical antipsychotic drugs, treatment with conventional antipsychotic drugs may increase mortality. The extent to which the findings of increased mortality in observational studies may be attributed to the antipsychotic drug as opposed to some characteristic(s) of the patients is not clear. Haloperidol is notapproved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis (see WARNINGS).DESCRIPTIONHaloperidol is the first of the butyrophenone series of major tranquilizers. The chemical designation is 4-[4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino]-4’-fluorobutyrophenone. It has the following structural formula.Each tablet for oral administration contains haloperidol, USP, as 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg or 20 mg. Inactive ingredients for all strengths include lactose (monohydrate), magnesium stearate, povidone and starch (corn). The 1 mg also contains D & C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake and FD & C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake; 2 mg: D & C Red Lake Blend (D & C Red #27 Aluminum Lake and D & C Red #30 Aluminum Lake); 5 mg: D & C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake and FD & C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake; 10 mg: D & C Yellow #10 Aluminum Lake and FD & C Blue #1 Aluminum Lake; 20 mg: FD & C Yellow #6 Aluminum Lake and D & C Red Lake Blend (D & C Red #27 Aluminum Lake and D & C Red #30 Aluminum Lake).CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGYThe precise mechanism of action has not been clearly established.INDICATIONS AND USAGEHaloperidol is indicated for use in the management of manifestations of psychotic disorders. Haloperidol is indicated for the control of tics and vocal utterances of Tourette’s Disorder in children and adults. Haloperidol is effective for the treatment of severe behavior problems in children of combative, explosive hyperexcitability (which cannot be accounted for by immediate provocation). Haloperidol is also effective in the short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders consisting of some or all of the following symptoms: impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressivity, mood lability, and poor frustration tolerance. Haloperidol should be reserved for these two groups of children only after failure to respond to psychotherapy or medications other than antipsychotics.CONTRAINDICATIONSHaloperidol is contraindicated in severe toxic central nervous system depression or comatose states from any cause and in individuals who are hypersensitive to this drug or have Parkinson’s disease. WARNINGSIncreased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related PsychosisElderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotic drugs are at an increased risk of death. Haloperidol is not approved for the treatment of patients with dementia-related psychosis (see BOXED WARNING).Cardiovascular EffectsCases of sudden death, QT-prolongation, and Torsades de Pointes have been reported in patients receiving haloperidol. Higher than recommended doses of any formulation of haloperidol appear to be associated with a higher risk of QT-prolongation and Torsades de Pointes. Although cases have been reported even in the absence of predisposing factors, particular caution is advised in treating patients with other QT-prolonging conditions (including electrolyte imbalance [particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia], drugs known to prolong QT, underlying cardiac abnormalities, hypothyroidism, and familial long QT-syndrome).Tardive DyskinesiaA syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements may develop in patients treated with antipsychotic drugs. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome. Whether antipsychotic drug products differ in their potential to cause tardive dyskinesia is unknown. Both the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia and the likelihood that it will become irreversible are believed to increase as the duration of treatment and the total cumulative dose of antipsychotic drugs administered to the patient increase. However, the syndrome can develop, although much less commonly, after relatively brief treatment periods at low doses.There is no known treatment for established cases of tardive dyskinesia, although the syndrome may remit, partially or completely, if antipsychotic treatment is withdrawn. Antipsychotic treatment, itself, however, may suppress (or partially suppress) the signs and symptoms of the syndrome and thereby may possibly mask the underlying process. The effect that symptomatic suppression has upon the long-term course of the syndrome is unknown.Given these considerations, antipsychotic drugs should be prescribed in a manner that is most likely tominimize the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. Chronic antipsychotic treatment should generally be reserved for patients who suffer from a chronic illness that, 1) is known to respond to antipsychotic drugs, and, 2) for whom alternative, equally effective, but potentially less harmful treatments are not available or appropriate. In patients who do require chronic treatment, the smallest dose and the shortest duration of treatment producing a satisfactory clinical response should be sought. The need for continued treatment should be reassessed periodically.If signs and symptoms of tardive dyskinesia appear in a patient on antipsychotics, drug discontinuation should be considered. However, some patients may require treatment despite the presence of the syndrome. (For further information about the description of tardive dyskinesia and its clinical detection, please refer to ADVERSE REACTIONS.)Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status (including catatonic signs) and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmias). Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis) and acute renal failure.The diagnostic evaluation of patients with this syndrome is complicated. In arriving at a diagnosis, it is important to identify cases where the clinical presentation includes both serious medical illness (e.g., pneumonia, systemic infection, etc.) and untreated or inadequately treated extrapyramidal signs and symptoms (EPS). Other important considerations in the differential diagnosis include central anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, drug fever and primary central nervous system (CNS) pathology. The management of NMS should include 1) immediate discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs and other drugs not essential to concurrent therapy, 2) intensive symptomatic treatment and medical monitoring, and 3) treatment of any concomitant serious medical problems for which specific treatments are available. There is no general agreement about specific pharmacological treatment regimens for uncomplicated NMS.If a patient requires antipsychotic drug treatment after recovery from NMS, the potential reintroduction of drug therapy should be carefully considered. The patient should be carefully monitored, since recurrences of NMS have been reported.Hyperpyrexia and heat stroke, not associated with the above symptom complex, have also been reported with haloperidol.FallsHaloperidol tablets may cause somnolence, postural hypotension, motor and sensory instability, which may lead to falls and, consequently, fractures or other injuries. For patients with diseases, conditions, or medications that could exacerbate these effects, complete fall risk assessments when initiating antipsychotic treatment and recurrently for patients on long-term antipsychotic therapy.Usage In PregnancyNon-teratogenic EffectsNeonates exposed to antipsychotic drugs, during the third trimester of pregnancy are at risk for extrapyramidal and/or withdrawal symptoms following delivery. There have been reports of agitation, hypertonia, hypotonia, tremor, somnolence, respiratory distress and feeding disorder in these neonates. These complications have varied in severity; while in some cases symptoms have been self-limited, in other cases neonates have required intensive care unit support and prolonged hospitalization. Haloperidol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk tothe fetus.Rodents given 2 to 20 times the usual maximum human dose of haloperidol by oral or parenteral routes showed an increase in incidence of resorption, reduced fertility, delayed delivery and pup mortality. No teratogenic effect has been reported in rats, rabbits or dogs at dosages within this range, but cleft palate has been observed in mice given 15 times the usual maximum human dose. Cleft palate in mice appears to be a nonspecific response to stress or nutritional imbalance as well as to a variety of drugs, and there is no evidence to relate this phenomenon to predictable human risk for most of these agents.There are no well controlled studies with haloperidol in pregnant women. There are reports, however, of cases of limb malformations observed following maternal use of haloperidol along with other drugs which have suspected teratogenic potential during the first trimester of pregnancy. Causal relationships were not established in these cases. Since such experience does not exclude the possibility of fetal damage due to haloperidol, this drug should be used during pregnancy or in women likely to become pregnant only if the benefit clearly justifies a potential risk to the fetus. Infants should not be nursed during drug treatment.Combined Use of Haloperidol and LithiumAn encephalopathic syndrome (characterized by weakness, lethargy, fever, tremulousness and confusion, extrapyramidal symptoms, leukocytosis, elevated serum enzymes, BUN, and FBS) followed by irreversible brain damage has occurred in a few patients treated with lithium plus haloperidol. A causal relationship between these events and the concomitant administration of lithium and haloperidol has not been established; however, patients receiving such combined therapy should be monitored closely for early evidence of neurological toxicity and treatment discontinued promptly if such signs appear.GeneralA number of cases of bronchopneumonia, some fatal, have followed the use of antipsychotic drugs, including haloperidol. It has been postulated that lethargy and decreased sensation of thirst due to central inhibition may lead to dehydration, hemoconcentration and reduced pulmonary ventilation. Therefore, if the above signs and symptoms appear, especially in the elderly, the physician should institute remedial therapy promptly.Although not reported with haloperidol, decreased serum cholesterol and/or cutaneous and ocular changes have been reported in patients receiving chemically-related drugs.Haloperidol may impair the mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of hazardous tasks such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle. The ambulatory patient should be warned accordingly.The use of alcohol with this drug should be avoided due to possible additive effects and hypotension. PRECAUTIONSLeukopenia, Neutropenia and AgranulocytosisIn clinical trial and postmarketing experience, events of leukopenia/neutropenia have been reported temporally related to antipsychotic agents, including haloperidol tablets USP. Agranulocytosis (including fatal cases) has also been reported.Possible risk factors for leukopenia/neutropenia include preexisting low white blood cell count (WBC) and history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia. Patients with a preexisting low WBC or a history of drug induced leukopenia/neutropenia should have their complete blood count (CBC) monitored frequently during the first few months of therapy and should discontinue haloperidol tablets USP at the first sign of a decline in WBC in the absence of other causative factors.Patients with neutropenia should be carefully monitored for fever or other symptoms or signs of infection and treated promptly if such symptoms or signs occur. Patients with severe neutropenia(absolute neutrophil count <1000/mm ) should discontinue haloperidol tablets USP and have their WBC followed until recovery.Haloperidol should be administered cautiously to patients:••••If concomitant antiparkinson medication is required, it may have to be continued after haloperidol is discontinued because of the difference in excretion rates. If both are discontinued simultaneously,extrapyramidal symptoms may occur. The physician should keep in mind the possible increase in intraocular pressure when anticholinergic drugs, including antiparkinson agents, are administered concomitantly with haloperidol.As with other antipsychotic agents, it should be noted that haloperidol may be capable of potentiating CNS depressants such as anesthetics, opiates, and alcohol.In a study of 12 schizophrenic patients coadministered haloperidol and rifampin, plasma haloperidol levels were decreased by a mean of 70% and mean scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale were increased from baseline. In 5 other schizophrenic patients treated with haloperidol and rifampin,discontinuation of rifampin produced a mean 3.3-fold increase in haloperidol concentrations. Thus,careful monitoring of clinical status is warranted when rifampin is administered or discontinued in haloperidol-treated patients.When haloperidol is used to control mania in cyclic disorders, there may be a rapid mood swing to depression.Severe neurotoxicity (rigidity, inability to walk or talk) may occur in patients with thyrotoxicosis who are also receiving antipsychotic medication, including haloperidol.No mutagenic potential of haloperidol was found in the Ames Salmonella microsomal activation assay.Negative or inconsistent positive findings have been obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies of effects of haloperidol on chromosome structure and number. The available cytogenetic evidence is considered too inconsistent to be conclusive at this time.Carcinogenicity studies using oral haloperidol were conducted in Wistar rats (dosed at up to 5 mg/kg daily for 24 months) and in Albino Swiss mice (dosed at up to 5 mg/kg daily for 18 months). In the rat study, survival was less than optimal in all dose groups, reducing the number of rats at risk fordeveloping tumors. However, although a relatively greater number of rats survived to the end of the study in high-dose male and female groups, these animals did not have a greater incidence of tumors than control animals. Therefore, although not optimal, this study does suggest the absence of ahaloperidol related increase in the incidence of neoplasia in rats at doses up to 20 times the usual daily human dose for chronic or resistant patients.In female mice at 5 and 20 times the highest initial daily dose for chronic or resistant patients, there was a statistically significant increase in mammary gland neoplasia and total tumor incidence; at 20 times the 3with severe cardiovascular disorders, because of the possibility of transient hypotension and/or precipitation of anginal pain. Should hypotension occur and a vasopressor be required,epinephrine should not be used since haloperidol may block its vasopressor activity andparadoxical further lowering of the blood pressure may occur. Instead, metaraminol,phenylephrine or norepinephrine should be used.receiving anticonvulsant medications, with a history of seizures, or with EEG abnormalities,because haloperidol may lower the convulsive threshold. If indicated, adequate anticonvulsant therapy should be concomitantly maintained.with known allergies, or with a history of allergic reactions to drugs.receiving anticoagulants, since an isolated instance of interference occurred with the effects of one anticoagulant (phenindione).same daily dose there was a statistically significant increase in pituitary gland neoplasia. In male mice, no statistically significant differences in incidences of total tumors or specific tumor types were noted. Antipsychotic drugs elevate prolactin levels; the elevation persists during chronic administration. Tissue culture experiments indicate that approximately one-third of human breast cancers are prolactin dependent in vitro, a factor of potential importance if the prescription of these drugs is contemplated in a patient with a previously detected breast cancer. Although disturbances such as galactorrhea, amenorrhea, gynecomastia, and impotence have been reported, the clinical significance of elevated serum prolactin levels is unknown for most patients. An increase in mammary neoplasms has been found in rodents after chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs. Neither clinical studies nor epidemiologic studies conducted to date, however, have shown an association between chronic administration of these drugs and mammary tumorigenesis; the available evidence is considered too limited to be conclusive at this time.There are no well controlled studies with haloperidol in pregnant women. There are reports, however, of cases of limb malformations observed following maternal use of haloperidol along with other drugs which have suspected teratogenic potential during the first trimester of pregnancy. Causal relationships were not established in these cases. Since such experience does not exclude the possibility of fetal damage due to haloperidol, this drug should be used during pregnancy or in women likely to become pregnant only if the benefit clearly justifies a potential risk to the fetus. Infants should not be nursed during drug treatment.Pediatric UseSafety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.Geriatric UseClinical studies of haloperidol did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not consistently identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. However, the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women (see WARNINGS: Tardive Dyskinesia). Also the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol in geriatric patients generally warrants the use of lower doses (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).ADVERSE REACTIONSCardiovascular EffectsTachycardia, hypotension, and hypertension have been reported. QT prolongation and/or ventricular arrhythmias have also been reported, in addition to ECG pattern changes compatible with the polymorphous configuration of torsade de pointes, and may occur more frequently with high doses and in predisposed patients (see WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS).Cases of sudden and unexpected death have been reported in association with the administration of haloperidol. The nature of the evidence makes it impossible to determine definitively what role, if any, haloperidol played in the outcome of the reported cases. The possibility that haloperidol caused death cannot, of course, be excluded, but it is to be kept in mind that sudden and unexpected death may occur in psychotic patients when they go untreated or when they are treated with other antipsychotic drugs. CNS EffectsExtrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)EPS during the administration of haloperidol have been reported frequently, often during the first few days of treatment. EPS can be categorized generally as Parkinson-like symptoms, akathisia, or dystonia(including opisthotonos and oculogyric crisis).While all can occur at relatively low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity at higher doses. The symptoms may be controlled with dose reductions or administration of antiparkinson drugs such as benztropine mesylate USP or trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride USP. It should be noted that persistent EPS have been reported; the drug may have to be discontinued in such cases.DystoniaClass effect: Symptoms of dystonia, prolonged abnormal contractions of muscle groups, may occur in susceptible individuals during the first few days of treatment. Dystonic symptoms include: spasm of the neck muscles, sometimes progressing to tightness of the throat, swallowing difficulty, difficulty breathing, and/or protrusion of the tongue. While these symptoms can occur at low doses, they occur more frequently and with greater severity with high potency and at higher doses of first generation antipsychotic drugs. An elevated risk of acute dystonia is observed in males and younger age groups. Withdrawal Emergent Neurological SignsGenerally, patients receiving short-term therapy experience no problems with abrupt discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs. However, some patients on maintenance treatment experience transient dyskinetic signs after abrupt withdrawal. In certain of these cases, the dyskinetic movements are indistinguishable from the syndrome described below under “TARDIVE DYSKINESIA” except for duration. It is not known whether gradual withdrawal of antipsychotic drugs will reduce the rate of occurrence of withdrawal emergent neurological signs but until further evidence becomes available, it seems reasonable to gradually withdraw use of haloperidol.Tardive DyskinesiaAs with all antipsychotic agents, haloperidol has been associated with persistent dyskinesias. Tardive dyskinesia, a syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements, may appear in some patients on long-term therapy or may occur after drug therapy has been discontinued. The risk appears to be greater in elderly patients on high-dose therapy, especially females. The symptoms are persistent and in some patients appear irreversible. The syndrome is characterized by rhythmical involuntary movements of tongue, face, mouth or jaw (e.g., protrusion of tongue, puffing of cheeks, puckering of mouth, chewing movements). Sometimes these may be accompanied by involuntary movements of extremities and the trunk.There is no known effective treatment for tardive dyskinesia; antiparkinson agents usually do not alleviate the symptoms of this syndrome. It is suggested that all antipsychotic agents be discontinued if these symptoms appear. Should it be necessary to reinstitute treatment, or increase the dosage of the agent, or switch to a different antipsychotic agent, this syndrome may be masked.It has been reported that fine vermicular movement of the tongue may be an early sign of tardive dyskinesia and if the medication is stopped at that time, the full syndrome may not develop.Tardive DystoniaTardive dystonia, not associated with the above syndrome, has also been reported. Tardive dystonia is characterized by delayed onset of choreic or dystonic movements, is often persistent, and has the potential of becoming irreversible.Other CNS EffectsInsomnia, restlessness, anxiety, euphoria, agitation, drowsiness, depression, lethargy, headache, confusion, vertigo, grand mal seizures, exacerbation of psychotic symptoms including hallucinations and catatonic-like behavioral states which may be responsive to drug withdrawal and/or treatment with anticholinergic drugs.Body as a WholeNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), hyperpyrexia and heat stroke have been reported with haloperidol. (See WARNINGS for further information concerning NMS).Hematologic EffectsReports have appeared citing the occurrence of mild and usually transient leukopenia and leukocytosis, minimal decreases in red blood cell counts, anemia, or a tendency toward lymphomonocytosis. Agranulocytosis has rarely been reported to have occurred with the use of haloperidol, and then only in association with other medication.Liver EffectsImpaired liver function and/or jaundice have been reported.Dermatologic ReactionsMaculopapular and acneiform skin reactions and isolated cases of photosensitivity and loss of hair. Endocrine DisordersLactation, breast engorgement, mastalgia, menstrual irregularities, gynecomastia, impotence, increased libido, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia and hyponatremia.Gastrointestinal EffectsAnorexia, constipation, diarrhea, hypersalivation, dyspepsia, nausea and vomiting.Autonomic ReactionsDry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, diaphoresis and priapism.Respiratory EffectsLaryngospasm, bronchospasm and increased depth of respiration.Special SensesCataracts, retinopathy and visual disturbances.Postmarketing EventsHyperammonemia has been reported in a 5-1/2 year old child with citrullinemia, an inherited disorder of ammonia excretion, following treatment with haloperidol.OVERDOSAGEManifestationsIn general, the symptoms of overdosage would be an exaggeration of known pharmacologic effects and adverse reactions, the most prominent of which would be: 1) severe extrapyramidal reactions, 2) hypotension, or 3) sedation. The patient would appear comatose with respiratory depression and hypotension which could be severe enough to produce a shock-like state. The extrapyramidal reaction would be manifest by muscular weakness or rigidity and a generalized or localized tremor as demonstrated by the akinetic or agitans types respectively. With accidental overdosage, hypertension rather than hypotension occurred in a two-year old child. The risk of ECG changes associated with torsade de pointes should be considered. (For further information regarding torsade de pointes, please refer to ADVERSE REACTIONS).TreatmentGastric lavage or induction of emesis should be carried out immediately followed by administration of activated charcoal. Since there is no specific antidote, treatment is primarily supportive. A patent airway must be established by use of an oropharyngeal airway or endotracheal tube or, in prolonged cases of coma, by tracheostomy. Respiratory depression may be counteracted by artificial respiration and mechanical respirators. Hypotension and circulatory collapse may be counteracted by use of intravenous fluids, plasma, or concentrated albumin, and vasopressor agents such as metaraminol, phenylephrine and norepinephrine. Epinephrine should not be used. In case of severe extrapyramidal reactions, antiparkinson medication should be administered. ECG and vital signs should be monitored especially for signs of Q-T prolongation or dysrhythmias and monitoring should continue until the ECG is normal. Severe arrhythmias should be treated with appropriate anti-arrhythmic measures.DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATIONThere is considerable variation from patient to patient in the amount of medication required for treatment. As with all antipsychotic drugs, dosage should be individualized according to the needs and response of each patient. Dosage adjustments, either upward or downward, should be carried out as rapidly as practicable to achieve optimum therapeutic control.To determine the initial dosage, consideration should be given to the patient’s age, severity of illness, previous response to other antipsychotic drugs, and any concomitant medication or disease state. Children, debilitated or geriatric patients, as well as those with a history of adverse reactions to antipsychotic drugs, may require less haloperidol. The optimal response in such patients is usually obtained with more gradual dosage adjustments and at lower dosage levels, as recommended below. Clinical experience suggests the following recommendations:Oral AdministrationInitial Dosage RangeAdultsModerate Symptomatology0.5 mg to 2 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d.Severe Symptomatology 3 mg to 5 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d.To achieve prompt control, higher doses may be required in some cases.Geriatric or Debilitated Patients0.5 mg to 2 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d.Chronic or Resistant Patients 3 mg to 5 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d.Patients who remain severely disturbed or inadequately controlled may require dosage adjustment. Daily dosages up to 100 mg may be necessary in some cases to achieve an optimal response. Infrequently, haloperidol has been used in doses above 100 mg for severely resistant patients; however, the limited clinical usage has not demonstrated the safety of prolonged administration of such doses.ChildrenThe following recommendations apply to children between the ages of 3 and 12 years (weight range 15 to 40 kg). Haloperidol is not intended for children under 3 years old. Therapy should begin at the lowest dose possible (0.5 mg per day). If required, the dose should be increased by an increment of 0.5 mg at 5 to 7 day intervals until the desired therapeutic effect is obtained. (See chart below.)The total dose may be divided, to be given b.i.d. or t.i.d.。
氟哌啶醇片的功能主治
氟哌啶醇片的功能主治1. 什么是氟哌啶醇片？氟哌啶醇片是一种常见的口服药物，属于β受体阻断剂药物类别。
它的主要成分是氟哌啶醇，是一种选择性β2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂。
氟哌啶醇片可用于治疗多种呼吸系统疾病，对于缓解相关症状和控制疾病进展具有重要作用。
2. 氟哌啶醇片的功能氟哌啶醇片具有以下主要功能：2.1 支气管平滑肌的舒张作用氟哌啶醇片能通过选择性激动β2-肾上腺素能受体，使支气管平滑肌舒张，从而缓解支气管痉挛。
这一作用有助于扩张气道，增加通气量，并改善呼吸困难等症状。
2.2 减少炎症反应氟哌啶醇片能通过抑制炎症介质的释放，减少气道炎症反应。
它可以抑制炎症细胞的活化以及炎症细胞所释放的细胞因子，减少炎性细胞浸润和黏液的产生。
2.3 预防哮喘发作氟哌啶醇片被广泛应用于哮喘的长期治疗，能够减少哮喘发作的次数和严重程度。
它通过上述舒张支气管平滑肌和减少炎症反应的作用，帮助控制哮喘症状，提高生活质量。
2.4 减轻慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）症状对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者，氟哌啶醇片也是一种重要的治疗药物。
它能够减少支气管痉挛，改善通气功能，减轻COPD的症状如咳嗽、气急和咳痰，提高患者生活质量。
3. 氟哌啶醇片的主治疾病氟哌啶醇片主要用于以下疾病的治疗：•哮喘•慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）•慢性支气管炎•吸烟引起的支气管痉挛•运动性支气管痉挛•支气管扩张症需要注意的是，使用氟哌啶醇片治疗上述疾病应根据医生的指导，在正确的剂量和用药时间下使用。
4. 使用氟哌啶醇片的注意事项在使用氟哌啶醇片时，以下事项需要特别注意：•请在医生的指导下使用药物，严格按照医嘱的剂量和用药时间使用。
•如果出现过敏反应或严重不良反应，请立即停止使用，并就医咨询。
•非处方药物请遵循药品说明，并咨询药师或医生的建议。
•孕妇、哺乳期妇女和儿童应在医生的指导下使用。
•长期使用大剂量的氟哌啶醇片可能导致一些副作用，如心悸、震颤、头痛等，请及时就医咨询。
氟哌啶醇护理记录单
氟哌啶醇护理记录单摘要：一、氟哌啶醇的概述二、氟哌啶醇的药理作用三、氟哌啶醇的临床应用四、氟哌啶醇的副作用与注意事项五、氟哌啶醇护理记录单的填写要求正文：氟哌啶醇是一种常用的药物，用于治疗各种疾病。
在这篇文章中，我们将详细介绍氟哌啶醇的概述、药理作用、临床应用、副作用与注意事项，以及氟哌啶醇护理记录单的填写要求。
一、氟哌啶醇的概述氟哌啶醇（Fluphenazine）是一种吩噻嗪类抗精神病药，主要用于治疗精神分裂症和其他精神障碍。
它通过拮抗脑内多巴胺D2受体，从而减少多巴胺的作用，缓解患者的阳性症状（如幻觉、妄想等）。
二、氟哌啶醇的药理作用氟哌啶醇具有多种药理作用，包括抗精神病、抗焦虑、抗抑郁、抗组胺等作用。
它能够拮抗脑内多巴胺D2受体，减少多巴胺的作用，从而缓解患者的阳性症状。
此外，氟哌啶醇还可以通过拮抗5-羟色胺2C（5-HT2C）受体，发挥抗抑郁作用。
三、氟哌啶醇的临床应用氟哌啶醇主要用于治疗精神分裂症和其他精神障碍。
对于急性期的患者，氟哌啶醇可以迅速缓解患者的阳性症状，缩短住院时间。
对于慢性期的患者，氟哌啶醇可以帮助控制症状，降低复发率。
此外，氟哌啶醇还可以用于治疗焦虑症、抑郁症等疾病。
四、氟哌啶醇的副作用与注意事项氟哌啶醇的副作用较多，常见的有锥体外系反应（如肌肉僵硬、震颤、运动迟缓等）、体重增加、口干、便秘、心动过速等。
在用药过程中，患者需要定期进行身体检查，以监测药物的副作用。
此外，氟哌啶醇具有一定的依赖性，长期使用可能导致药物滥用。
因此，在使用氟哌啶醇时，医生和患者都需要密切关注药物的副作用和依赖性。
五、氟哌啶醇护理记录单的填写要求氟哌啶醇护理记录单是记录患者使用氟哌啶醇过程中病情变化、药物副作用及治疗效果的重要工具。
在填写氟哌啶醇护理记录单时，护士需要详细记录患者的用药剂量、给药途径、用药时间、病情变化、副作用发生情况及治疗效果等信息。
此外，护士还应定期与医生沟通，以便及时调整治疗方案。
氟哌啶醇护理记录单
氟哌啶醇护理记录单
摘要：
一、氟哌啶醇的概述
二、氟哌啶醇的药理作用
三、氟哌啶醇的临床应用
四、氟哌啶醇的副作用及处理方法
五、氟哌啶醇的护理记录单
正文：
氟哌啶醇是一种常用的抗精神病药物,属于吩噻嗪类药物。
其化学名称为2-[2-(4-氯苯基)-4-羟基-1-哌啶基]-1,1-二苯基乙烷,分子式为
C22H23ClFN2O2。
氟哌啶醇的药理作用主要是通过拮抗脑内多巴胺D2受体而产生抗精神病作用。
它能够减少多巴胺的兴奋作用,从而改善精神分裂症患者的幻觉、妄想、情感波动等症状。
氟哌啶醇还可以抑制脑内的胆碱酯酶,增强乙酰胆碱的作用,从而改善患者的认知功能。
氟哌啶醇的临床应用主要用于治疗精神分裂症和其他精神障碍。
其疗效显著,能够快速缓解患者的症状,对阴性症状和阳性症状都有一定的改善作用。
氟哌啶醇还可以用于治疗恶心和呕吐,对癌症患者的化疗副作用有缓解作用。
氟哌啶醇的副作用包括锥体外系反应、内分泌副作用、过敏反应等。
其中最常见的是锥体外系反应,表现为肌肉僵硬、震颤、吞咽困难等症状。
内分泌副作用包括乳房发育、月经不规律、体重增加等。
过敏反应则表现为皮疹、瘙
痒、呼吸急促等症状。
在护理过程中,护理人员需要详细记录患者的用药情况,包括剂量、频率、不良反应等。
护理记录单应该包括患者的基本信息、病史、体格检查、实验室检查、用药情况、不良反应等内容。
护理人员还需要定期对患者进行评估,及时发现和处理不良反应,调整用药方案。
氟哌啶醇是一种常用的抗精神病药物,能够有效改善精神分裂症患者的症状。
氟哌啶醇片
氟哌啶醇片药品名称：【通用名称】氟哌啶醇片[药典]【英文名称】 Haloperidol Tablets [药典]【汉语拼音】 Fu Pai Ding Chun Pian成份：本品主要成份为氟哌啶醇。
化学名称：1-（4-氟苯基）-4-[4-（4-氯苯基）-4-羟基-1-哌啶基]-1-丁酮化学结构式：分子式：C21H23ClFNO2分子量：375.87所属类别：化药及生物制品>> 抗精神失常药>> 抗精神病药>> 丁酰苯类性状：本品为白色片。
适应症：用于急、慢性各型精神分裂症、躁狂症、抽动秽语综合症。
控制兴奋躁动、敌对情绪和攻击行为的效果较好。
因本品心血管系不良反应较少，也可用于脑器质性精神障碍和老年性精神障碍。
规格：2mg用法用量：治疗精神分裂症，口服从小剂量开始，起始剂量一次2～4mg(一次1～2片)，一日2～3次。
逐渐增加至常用量一日10～40mg（一日5～20片），维持剂量一日4～20mg（一日2～10片）。
治疗抽动秽语综合症，一次1～2mg(一次0.5片～1片)，一日2～3次。
不良反应：1、锥体外系反应较重且常见，急性肌张力障碍在儿童和青少年更易发生，出现明显的扭转痉挛，吞咽困难，静坐不能及类帕金森病。
2、长期大量使用可出现迟发性运动障碍。
3、可出现口干、视物模糊、乏力、便秘、出汗等。
4、可引起血浆中泌乳素浓度增加，可能有关的症状为：溢乳、男子女性化乳房、月经失调、闭经。
5、少数病人可能引起抑郁反应。
6、偶见过敏性皮疹、粒细胞减少及恶性综合征。
基底神经节病变、帕金森病、帕金森综合征、严重中枢神经抑制状态者、骨髓抑制、青光眼、重征肌无力及对本品过敏者。
注意事项：下列情况时慎用：心脏病尤其是心绞痛、药物引起的急性中枢神经抑制、癫痫、肝功能损害、青光眼、甲亢或毒性甲状腺肿、肺功能不全、肾功能不全、尿潴留。
应定期检查肝功能与白细胞计数。
用药期间不宜驾驶车辆、操作机械或高空作业。
氟哌啶醇
通用名氟哌啶醇注射液曾用名英文名HALOPERIDOL INJECTION拼音名FUPAIDINGCHUN ZHUSHEYE药品类别抗精神病药性状本品为无色的澄明液体药理毒理本品属丁酰苯类抗精神病药，抗精神病作用与其阻断脑内多巴胺受体，并可促进脑内多巴胺的转化有关，有很好的抗幻觉妄想和抗兴奋躁动作用，阻断锥体外系多巴胺的作用较强，镇吐作用亦较强，但镇静、阻断?-肾上腺素受体及胆碱受体作用较弱。
药代动力学注射10~20分钟血药浓度达峰值。
经肝代谢，活性代谢物为还原氟哌啶醇。
大约15%由胆汁排出，其余由肾排出。
适应症用于急、慢性各型精神分裂症、躁狂症。
肌内注射本品可迅速控制兴奋躁动、敌对情绪和攻击行为。
也可用于脑器质性精神障碍和老年性精神障碍。
用法用量肌内注射：常用于兴奋躁动和精神运动性兴奋，成人剂量一次5~10mg，一日2~3次，安静后改为口服。
静脉滴注：10~30mg加入250~500ml葡萄糖注射液内静脉滴注。
不良反应1、锥体外系反应较重且常见，急性肌张力障碍在儿童和青少年更易发生，出现明显的扭转痉挛，吞咽困难，静坐不能及类帕金森病。
2、长期大量使用可出现迟发性运动障碍。
3、可出现口干、视物模糊、乏力、便秘、出汗等。
4、可引起血浆中泌乳素浓度增加，可能有关的症状为：溢乳、男子女性化乳房、月经失调、闭经。
5、少数病人可能引起抑郁反应。
6、偶见过敏性皮疹、粒细胞减少及恶性综合征。
7、可引起注射局部红肿、疼痛、硬结。
禁忌症基底神经节病变、帕金森病、帕金森综合征、严重中枢神经抑制状态者、骨髓抑制、青光眼、重征肌无力及对本品过敏者。
注意事项下列情况时慎用：心脏病尤其是心绞痛、药物引起的急性中枢神经抑制、癫痫、肝功能损害、青光眼、甲亢或毒性甲状腺肿、肺功能不全、肾功能不全、尿潴留。
应定期检查肝功能与白细胞计数。
用药期间不宜驾驶车辆、操作机械或高空作业。
注射液颜色变深或沉淀时禁止使用。
孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药孕妇慎用。
氟哌啶醇片药品说明书修订建议
•10至17岁儿童和青少年抽动障碍：10至17岁的儿童和青少年的推荐剂量为0.5-3mg/天，按剂量口服给药（2-3次/天）。每6到12个月须对持续治疗的必要性进行评估。
注：NA＝无相关内容。
附件2
氟哌啶醇片药品说明书修订建议
活性成分
条目
修订前
修订后
氟哌啶醇
剂型
片
规格
2mg
适应症
NA
•精神分裂症：13至17岁青少年
•孤独症或广泛性发育障碍的攻击行为：6至17岁儿童和青少年
•抽动障碍：10至17岁儿童和
•13至17岁青少年精神分裂症：推荐剂量为0.5-3mg/天，按剂量口服给药（2-3次/天）；当推荐剂量超过3 mg/天时，建议评估个体的获益风险比；最大推荐剂量为5mg/天；治疗持续时间必须根据个体状况予以确定。
氟哌啶醇结构式
氟哌啶醇结构式
氟哌啶醇是一种化学物质，其结构式为C9H11FNO2。
它是一种白色
或类白色的结晶性粉末，可以在水中溶解。
氟哌啶醇被广泛用于医药
领域，特别是用于治疗高血压和心脏病。
氟哌啶醇的作用机制是通过抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统来降低血压。
它可以通过降低血管紧张素Ⅱ的生成和释放来扩张血管，从而减少心脏
负荷和降低血压。
此外，氟哌啶醇还可以减少交感神经系统的活性，
从而进一步降低血压。
氟哌啶醇在临床应用中通常作为单药治疗或联合治疗的一部分。
它可
以与其他降压药物（如利尿剂、钙拮抗剂、β受体阻滞剂等）联合使用，以达到更好的治疗效果。
除了治疗高血压和心脏病外，氟哌啶醇还被广泛应用于其他领域。
例如，它可以用于治疗肝硬化和肝脏疾病，并且可以作为抗抑郁药物的
一部分使用。
总之，氟哌啶醇是一种广泛应用于医药领域的化学物质。
它通过抑制
肾素-血管紧张素系统来降低血压，并且可以与其他降压药物联合使用
以达到更好的治疗效果。
此外，它还可以用于治疗其他疾病，如肝硬化和抑郁症等。
罗通定的作用及临床应用
罗通定的作用及临床应用罗通定，又称氟哌啶醇（Flupentixol），是一种典型的抗精神病药物，属于环丙基类联苯类化合物。
它具有镇静、抗焦虑和抗精神病活性，在临床上主要用于治疗精神分裂症和抑郁症等精神疾病。
罗通定的作用机制主要是通过作用于中枢神经系统的多种受体，包括多巴胺D1和D2受体、5-羟色胺2C受体和α1肾上腺能受体。
具体来说，罗通定是一种多巴胺D2受体拮抗剂，可以阻断多巴胺的结合，减少多巴胺刺激引起的过度激活，从而起到治疗精神病症状的作用。
此外，罗通定还具有一定的α1肾上腺能受体阻断作用，可以缓解焦虑和紧张状态。
在临床应用方面，罗通定主要适用于以下几种情况：1. 精神分裂症：罗通定可以缓解精神分裂症的阳性症状，如幻觉、妄想和思维紊乱等。
它通过阻断多巴胺D2受体的活动，减少多巴胺过度兴奋引起的症状。
另外，罗通定还可以减轻阴性症状，如情感淡漠、言语贫乏和社交退缩等。
2. 抑郁症：罗通定可以作为抗抑郁药物的辅助治疗，特别适用于抑郁症伴有焦虑和精神运动性兴奋的患者。
它能够通过减少多巴胺的过度兴奋，缓解焦虑和紧张情绪，同时也可以增加5-羟色胺的释放，提高患者的情绪状态。
3. 精神运动障碍：罗通定可以用于控制某些精神运动障碍，如帕金森病和药物诱发的震颤等。
它通过阻断多巴胺D2受体的活动，减少多巴胺的过度刺激，从而减轻运动障碍症状。
此外，罗通定在一些其他情况下也有一定的临床应用，如焦虑障碍、睡眠障碍、依赖综合征等。
然而，需要注意的是，罗通定作为抗精神病药物，具有一定的副作用和不良反应，如运动障碍、神经系统症状、心血管症状等。
因此，在使用罗通定时，医生应根据患者的具体情况来确定剂量和疗程，并密切观察和评估患者的疗效和不良反应。
总的来说，罗通定作为一种抗精神病药物，通过作用于多种受体，具有镇静、抗焦虑和抗精神病活性，适用于治疗精神分裂症、抑郁症和部分精神运动障碍。
然而，使用前需要充分考虑其副作用和不良反应，并在医生指导下使用。
氟哌啶醇片的副作用
氟哌啶醇片的副作用关于《氟哌啶醇片的副作用》，是我们特意为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助。
在日常生活中精神分裂症和躁狂症是一些情况严重的病症，当病人这种病症的情况下不仅会给病人的人体和身心健康导致巨大的影响，也会给病人的家中产生许多的影响。
氟哌啶醇片做为一种用以医治各种各样精神分裂症和躁狂症的药品，拥有比较好的功效，自然在服食该药品的情况下也会出现一些副作用的。
氟哌啶醇片的副作用1.锥体外系反映偏重且普遍，亚急性肌张力障碍在少年儿童和青少年儿童更易产生，出現显著的扭曲筋挛，吞咽困难，静座不可以及类帕金森。
2.长期性很多应用可出現迟发性运动障碍。
3.可出現口干舌燥.视物模糊.困乏.便秘.流汗等。
4.可造成血液中乳泌素浓度值提升，可能相关的病症为：溢奶.小伙男性化乳房.月经紊乱.闭经。
5.极少数患者可能造成抑郁症反映。
6.少许过敏性皮疹.粒细胞减少及恶性综合征。
有关氟哌啶醇片1.氟哌啶醇片主要成分是氟哌啶醇，其化学名称为：1-（4-氟苯基）-4-[4-（4-氯苯基）-4-甲基-1-哌啶基]-1-丁酮。
氟哌啶醇片具备用以急、漫性各种类型精神分裂症、躁狂症、抽搐秽语综合症。
控制激动躁动不安、敌人心态和攻击性行为的实际效果不错。
因本产品心脑血管病系副作用较少，也可用以脑器质精神疾病和老年精神疾病。
2.但病况不一样，氟哌啶醇片的服食治疗过程也不一样，殊不知是药就会有副作用，一切药物也不适合长期服用，欠佳体现包含副作用和毒副作用反映。
副作用是药品原有的，难以避免的，可是危害不大。
而毒副作用功效伤害非常大，是能够防止的，长期服用会出现毒副作用功效，因此建议您不必长期服用某类药品，包含氟哌啶醇片。
氟哌啶醇片的使用方法使用量医治精神分裂症，内服自小使用量刚开始，起止使用量一次2至4mg，一日2至3次。
慢慢提升至日用量一日10至40Mg，保持使用量一日4至20Mg。
医治抽搐秽语综合症，一次1至2mg，一日2至3次。
氟哌啶醇致心动过缓30例分析
氟哌啶醇致心动过缓30例分析王妮娜【摘要】目的分析氟哌啶醇致心动过缓治疗效果.方法选取我院2016年3月~2017年1月收治的氟哌啶醇致心动过缓患者30例作为研究对象.30例患者全部单独服用药物,其中有5例患者搭配肌肉注射治疗.分析30例因氯哌啶醇导致心动过缓患者的治疗效果.结果研究发现,30例患者后期逐渐停用氟哌啶醇药物,给予丹参片和肌苷片口服治疗,患者的脉搏恢复正常,临床症状基本消失.30例患者中,有2例患者更换使用氯氮平治疗,但是治疗后2天复发心动过缓,其余患者症状消失.结论为因氯哌啶醇导致心动过缓患者采取丹参片,肌苷片的治疗,能够有效的改善患者的临床症状,促进患者疾病的恢复,提高患者预后,值得在临床大力推广应用.【期刊名称】《心血管病防治知识（下半月）》【年(卷),期】2017(000)007【总页数】2页(P37-38)【关键词】氯哌啶醇;心动过缓;治疗效果【作者】王妮娜【作者单位】青岛市精神卫生中心,山东青岛266000【正文语种】中文吩噻嗪类药物是临床用于治疗抗精神病的主要药品，但是也会产生一定的副作用其中最常见的就是心动过缓症状[1]。
氯哌啶醇是丁酰苯类的代表药物，对心血管同样有很大的副作用，虽然比不上吩噻嗪类药物对人体产生的伤害更大[2]，但是同样可以导致患者出现心动过缓，临床对氯哌啶醇导致心动过缓的资料并不多，本文通过选取我院2016年3月~2017年1月收治的氟哌啶醇致心动过缓患者30例作为研究对象，分析临床治疗效果。
1.1 一般资料选取我院2016年3月~2017年1月收治的氟哌啶醇致心动过缓患者30例作为研究对象。
30例患者中有男性18例，女性12例，患者年龄在22~ 72岁之间，平均年龄为（47.5±11.9）岁。
患者病程在1个月~3年，平均病程为（1.12±0.55）年。
30例患者中，有分裂性精神病4例，情感性精神病9例，精神分裂症7例。
患者的血压均在正常范围中。
氟哌啶醇机制
氟哌啶醇机制概述氟哌啶醇（Fluopiram）是一种常见的药物，广泛应用于临床治疗和疾病预防。
本文将深入探讨氟哌啶醇的机制，包括其作用机理、药代动力学和药物相互作用等方面。
作用机理1. 作用靶点氟哌啶醇主要作用于中枢神经系统，通过与神经递质的受体结合，影响神经传递和调节，以达到治疗疾病的目的。
2. 神经传导调节氟哌啶醇作为一种中枢神经系统药物，主要通过调控神经传导来发挥治疗作用。
它能够影响多种神经递质的释放和再摄取过程，从而调节神经信号的传递速度和效果。
3. 受体亲和性氟哌啶醇与神经递质受体结合时，通过改变受体的构象和活性来调节神经传导。
不同受体对氟哌啶醇的亲和性不同，这也解释了其在治疗不同疾病时的差异效果。
药代动力学1. 吸收氟哌啶醇可通过口服和注射等途径进行给药。
口服给药后，它会通过胃肠道被吸收进入血液循环系统。
2. 分布一旦进入血液循环，氟哌啶醇会被输送到不同的组织和器官中进行分布。
它主要与血浆蛋白结合，从而影响药物的分布范围和浓度。
3. 代谢氟哌啶醇经过代谢作用转化为活性代谢产物，这些代谢产物可能具有更强的药效和更长的作用时间。
肝脏是主要的代谢器官，通过酶系统将氟哌啶醇转化为代谢产物。
4. 排泄氟哌啶醇在体内经过排泄过程，主要通过尿液和粪便排出。
肾脏和肠道是主要的排泄通道，药物及其代谢产物通过这些通道排除体外。
药物相互作用1. 药物相互作用机制药物相互作用是指在同时使用多种药物时，其中一种药物对另一种药物的作用产生影响的现象。
对于氟哌啶醇来说，它与其他药物之间可能存在药代动力学和药效学的相互作用。
2. 药代动力学相互作用药代动力学相互作用通常涉及药物在体内的代谢、吸收和排泄等过程。
某些药物可能影响氟哌啶醇的代谢速度，从而改变其在体内的浓度和作用时间。
3. 药效学相互作用药效学相互作用指不同药物在体内的相互作用，可能增强或减弱药物的治疗效果。
氟哌啶醇与其他药物同时应用时，可能相互影响其对神经递质受体的结合和调节能力，从而改变其治疗效果。
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氟哌啶醇片
【药品名称】
通用名称：氟哌啶醇片
英文名称：Haloperidol Tablets
【成份】
氟哌啶醇。
【适应症】
用于急、慢性各型精神分裂症、躁狂症、抽动秽语综合症。
控制兴奋躁动、敌对情绪和攻击行为的效果较好。
因本品心血管系不良反应较少，也可用于脑器质性精神障碍和老年性精神障碍。
【用法用量】
治疗精神分裂症，口服从小剂量开始，起始剂量一次2~4mg，一日2~3 次。
逐渐增加至常用量一日10~40mg，维持剂量一日4~20mg。
治疗抽动秽语综合症，一次1~2mg，一日2~3次。
【不良反应】
1 锥体外系反应较重且常见，急性肌张力障碍在儿童和青少年更易发生，出现明显的扭转痉挛，吞咽困难，静坐不能及类帕金森病。
2 长期大量使用可出现迟发性运动障碍。
3 可出现口干、视物模糊、乏力、便秘、出汗等。
4 可引起血浆中泌乳素浓度增加，可能有关的症状为：溢乳、男子女性化乳房、月经失调、闭经。
5 少数病人可能引起抑郁反应。
6 偶见过敏性皮疹、粒细胞减少及恶性综合征。
【禁忌】
基底神经节病变、帕金森病、帕金森综合征、严重中枢神经抑制状态者、骨髓抑制、青光眼、
重征肌无力及对本品过敏者。
【注意事项】
下列情况时慎用：心脏病尤其是心绞痛、药物引起的急性中枢神经抑制、癫痫、肝功能损害、青光眼、甲亢或毒性甲状腺肿、肺功能不全、肾功能不全、尿潴留。
应定期检查肝功能与白细胞计数。
用药期间不宜驾驶车辆、操作机械或高空作业。
【特殊人群用药】
儿童注意事项：
参考成人剂量，酌情减量。
妊娠与哺乳期注意事项：
孕妇慎用。
哺乳期妇女使用本品期间应停止哺乳。
老人注意事项：
应小剂量开始，缓慢增加剂量，以避免出现锥体外系反应及迟发性运动障碍。
【药物相互作用】
1 本品与乙醇或其他中枢神经抑制药合用，中枢抑制作用增强。
2 本品与苯丙胺合用，可降低后者的作用。
3 本品与巴比妥或其它抗惊厥药合用时：可改变癫痫的发作形式；不能使抗惊厥药增效。
4 本品与抗高血压药物合用时，可产生严重低血压。
5 本品与抗胆碱药物合用时，有可能使眼压增高。
6 本品与肾上腺素合用，由于阻断了α受体，使β受体的活动占优势，可导致血压下降。
7 本品与锂盐合用时，需注意观察神经毒性与脑损伤。
8 本品与甲基多巴合用，可产生意识障碍、思维迟缓、定向障碍。
9 本品与卡马西平合用可使本品的血药浓度降低，效应减弱。
10 饮茶或咖啡可减低本品的吸收，降低疗效。
【药理作用】
本品属丁酰苯类抗精神病药，抗精神病作用与其阻断脑内多巴胺受体，并可促进脑内多巴胺的转化有关，有很好的抗幻觉妄想和抗兴奋躁动作用，阻断锥体外系多巴胺的作用较强，镇吐作用亦较强，但镇静，阻断-肾上腺素受体及胆碱受体作用较弱。
【贮藏】
遮光，密封保存。
【有效期】
36个月。
【批准文号】
国药准字H31021234
【生产企业】
企业名称：上海信谊药厂有限公司
生产地址：上海市浦东新区新金桥路905号。