动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习20140523162450

动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习(2014-05-23 16:24:50)

1．动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语）

动名词

主动语态

被动语态

与谓语动词的关系

一般式

Doing

Being done

与谓语动作同时发生

完成式

Having doing

Having been done

动作发生在谓语动作之前

作主语

1. 谓语用单数。

Climbing mountains is really fun.

Swimming is my favorite sport.

Reading is an art.

Getting up early is a good habit.

例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？

-___ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost B．Lost

C．Losing D．Because of losing

2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。

It’s no use doing …

It’s no good doing…

It’s a waste of time doing …

例：It’s no good______ (wait) here.

It’s no use ______(argue) with her.

It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up.

It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here.

No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).

作宾语

I enjoy listening to music.

He often practices playing the piano in the evening.

He has given up smoking.

Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 他不喜欢喝酒。

他充分利用时间练习唱歌。

我提议坐我的车去。

你介意我开窗吗？

(1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：

admit，

advise建议，

risk，appreciate，

envy嫉妒，

avoid避免，consider考虑，delay延迟，

deny否认，

dislike不喜欢，enjoy，

escape逃避，excuse原谅、宽恕，finish完成，forgive原谅，understand理解，give up放弃，imagine想象，keep保持，

mind介意、在乎，miss未达到，practice训练，

put off推迟，

resist抵抗，

suggest建议、暗示，

can’t help 禁不住，

can’t stand无法忍受，

devote to致力于···，

look forward to 期望、盼望，

stick to坚持，

be used to习惯于，

object to反对，

be busy忙于···，

feel like想要···，

be surprised at 对……感到惊讶，

be proud of 以……为骄傲，

succeed in 在某方面成功，

be afraid of害怕

give up 放弃

例: Our monitor suggested _____a discussion of this subject. (85’)

A．to have B．should have

C．have D．Having

(2) 只能接不定式作宾语的动词：

happen 碰巧，

offer 主动提出，

promise 答应，

agree 同意，

refuse拒绝，

decide 决定，

determine 决定、决心，

pretend 假装，

fail 未能够，

learn，

wish希望，

hope，

expect，

afford 负担得起。

(3) 接动名词、不定式均可，意义相同的动词：like，love，dislike，hate，begin，star，continue，prefer，can’t bear/endure 无法忍受，cease停止。

注1：v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作，不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。如：She likes singing, but she doesn’t like to sing today．

注2：在begin, start, continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别，但start，begin本身为进行式或后接realize, wonder, understand等心理活动的词时，常用不定式作宾语。如：

I began to realize that I was wrong．

(4) 下列单词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等

Stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做

Forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过

Remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过

Regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过

Try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做

Go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）

Mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做

例：

1. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _______ for another hour.

A waiting

B to waiting

C wait

D to be waiting

2.—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

-Well，now I regret ___that.

A．to do B．to be doing

C．to have done D．having done

(5) need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth 也有类似用法。如：

The flowers need watering/to be watered.

The problem is worth discussing/to be discussed.