管理科学09-多因子决策模型解析
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Adding objectives (goals) in order of importance, the company: Does not want to use fewer than 40 hours of labor per day. Would like to achieve a satisfactory profit level of $1,600 per day.
Where: x1 = number of bowls produced x2 = number of mugs produced
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
4
Goal Programming MFra Baidu bibliotekdel Formulation (2 of 2)
Introduction to Management Science 8th Edition by Bernard W. Taylor III Chapter 9 Multicriteria Decision Making
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
5
Goal Programming Goal Constraint Requirements
All goal constraints are equalities that include deviational variables d- and d+. A positive deviational variable (d+) is the amount by which a goal level is exceeded. A negative deviation variable (d-) is the amount by which a goal level is underachieved.
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making 6
Goal Programming Goal Constraints and Objective Function (1 of 2)
Labor goals constraint (1, less than 40 hours labor; 4, minimum overtime): Minimize P1d1-, P4d1+
Add profit goal constraint (2, achieve profit of $1,600):
Minimize P1d1-, P2d2-, P4d1+ Add material goal constraint (3, avoid keeping more than 120 pounds of clay on hand): Minimize P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d1+
1
Chapter Topics
Goal Programming Graphical Interpretation of Goal Programming
Computer Solution of Goal Programming Problems with QM for Windows and Excel
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
3
Goal Programming Model Formulation (1 of 2)
Beaver Creek Pottery Company Example: Maximize Z = $40x1 + 50x2 subject to: 1x1 + 2x2 40 hours of labor 4x2 + 3x2 120 pounds of clay x1, x2 0
Two techniques discussed: goal programming, and the analytical hierarchy process.
Goal programming is a variation of linear programming considering more than one objective (goals) in the objective function. The analytical hierarchy process develops a score for each decision alternative based on comparisons of each under different criteria reflecting the decision makers preferences.
Prefers not to keep more than 120 pounds of clay on hand each day.
Would like to minimize the amount of overtime.
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
The Analytical Hierarchy Process
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
2
Overview
Study of problems with several criteria, multiple criteria, instead of a single objective when making a decision.
At least one or both deviational variables in a goal constraint must equal zero.
The objective function in a goal programming model seeks to minimize the deviation from goals in the order of the goal priorities.
Where: x1 = number of bowls produced x2 = number of mugs produced
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
4
Goal Programming MFra Baidu bibliotekdel Formulation (2 of 2)
Introduction to Management Science 8th Edition by Bernard W. Taylor III Chapter 9 Multicriteria Decision Making
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
5
Goal Programming Goal Constraint Requirements
All goal constraints are equalities that include deviational variables d- and d+. A positive deviational variable (d+) is the amount by which a goal level is exceeded. A negative deviation variable (d-) is the amount by which a goal level is underachieved.
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making 6
Goal Programming Goal Constraints and Objective Function (1 of 2)
Labor goals constraint (1, less than 40 hours labor; 4, minimum overtime): Minimize P1d1-, P4d1+
Add profit goal constraint (2, achieve profit of $1,600):
Minimize P1d1-, P2d2-, P4d1+ Add material goal constraint (3, avoid keeping more than 120 pounds of clay on hand): Minimize P1d1-, P2d2-, P3d3+, P4d1+
1
Chapter Topics
Goal Programming Graphical Interpretation of Goal Programming
Computer Solution of Goal Programming Problems with QM for Windows and Excel
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
3
Goal Programming Model Formulation (1 of 2)
Beaver Creek Pottery Company Example: Maximize Z = $40x1 + 50x2 subject to: 1x1 + 2x2 40 hours of labor 4x2 + 3x2 120 pounds of clay x1, x2 0
Two techniques discussed: goal programming, and the analytical hierarchy process.
Goal programming is a variation of linear programming considering more than one objective (goals) in the objective function. The analytical hierarchy process develops a score for each decision alternative based on comparisons of each under different criteria reflecting the decision makers preferences.
Prefers not to keep more than 120 pounds of clay on hand each day.
Would like to minimize the amount of overtime.
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
The Analytical Hierarchy Process
Chapter 9 - Multicriteria Decision Making
2
Overview
Study of problems with several criteria, multiple criteria, instead of a single objective when making a decision.
At least one or both deviational variables in a goal constraint must equal zero.
The objective function in a goal programming model seeks to minimize the deviation from goals in the order of the goal priorities.