化学专业词汇
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇.doc
专业英语词汇Unit 1TEXT A ： Chemical Reactions and Group Reactionscustomary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a不.合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt. 包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a可.假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl羧基Hydroxyl羟基Decomposition分解Alkyl烷基，烃基Ketone 酮Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽， vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a易.受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（ to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n准.备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a进.步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a相.隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n保.留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。
化学用语专业英语词汇
structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金metal 金属metalloid 非金属Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Iron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐acetate 醋酸盐methane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, tooxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的refining 炼油refinery 炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column分裂蒸。
化学专业词汇
普XX学术语中英文对照表原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质 element化合物 pound纯净物 pure substance/chemical substance 混合物 mixture相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr)化学式量 relative formula mass物质的量 amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA)摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula 气体摩尔体积 molar volume阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration 浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid 碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction归中反应proportionation(symproportionation)reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1s t,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level电子排布 electron configuration电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性 malleability [,mælɪə'bɪləti]可锻性 ductility [dʌk'tɪlətɪ]导电性 electrical conductivity合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table周期 period族 group原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide ['njuːklaɪd]同量异位素 isobar['aɪsə(ʊ)bɑː]金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal 碱土金属 alkaline earth metal卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 deposition reaction化合反应 bination(synthesis) reaction取代反应 displacement reaction复分解反应salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation [prɪ,sɪpɪ'teɪʃ(ə)n]官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic[,ælɪ'fætɪk] hydrocarbon脂环烃 alicyclic ['saɪklɪk;]hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[hɒ'mɒləgəs]series 异构现象 isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer取代反应 substitution reaction脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction酯化反应 esterification reaction亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction裂化反应 cracking (reaction)石油分馏 fractional distillation燃烧 bustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy 热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ) 标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHrӨ)燃烧热 heat of bustion标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of bustion(abbr. ΔHc Ө)标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔHfӨ)放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction 吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea)比热容 specific heat capacity键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学 reaction kinetics催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis 酶 enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂 concentration power平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium电离常数 ionisation constant离子积 ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fre nch potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [dɪsə'luːʃ(ə)n] ekwɪ溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell [gæl'vænɪk]盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery充电 charge放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽 electrolytic cell电镀 galvanisation [,ɡælvənai'zeiʃən]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation [,sedɪmən'teɪʃən]常见元素氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin] 碘 iodine(abbr. I)氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus常见根离子(mon radicals)氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate ['bɔːreɪt]碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic [kɑː'bɒnɪk] (acid) adj. carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous ['naɪtrəs] (acid) adj.nitrite 氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide [traɪ'ɒksaɪd]过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate [ə'ljuːmɪneɪt]四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate硫化的 sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-']氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate 氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate常见无机化合物(mon inorganic pounds)氢化钠sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide 系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly-烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph)(preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn)(preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens(preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid)羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix-oic acid or multiple groupssuffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordin g to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suffix –amide and -carboxamide or according to pos ition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-, suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚 phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(mon organic pounds)酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic aci d)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚 phen ol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(mon organic pounds) 酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θe ili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid 葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose 半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose 脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle。
(完整版)化学专业英语常用词汇
☆常用： ppm: parts per millionppb: parts per billion pH: potential of hydrogen1. 化合物的命名：规则：金属(或某些非金属)元素+阴离子名称(1)MgCl2 magnesium [mæɡ’ni:zj əm] chloride (2)NaNO2 sodium nitrite [‘naitrait](3)KNO3 potassium[p ə’tæsi əm] nitrate [‘naitreit] (4)硝酸 nitric acid(5)NaHCO3 sodium hydrogen carbonate练习：▪ FeBr2 ▪ (NH4)2SO4 ▪ NH4H2PO4▪KMnO4▪亚硫酸▪sulfurous acid▪H2S▪NO2 有机物命名▪Hydrocarbon▪{Aliphatic hydrocarbon; Aromatic Hydrocarbon}▪Aliphatic hydrocarbon (脂肪烃)▪{Alkane (烷); Alkene(烯); Alkyne(炔)}▪Alcohol 醇▪Aldehyde 醛▪Ketone [‘ki:təun] 酮▪Carboxylic acid 羧酸▪Aromatic hydrocarbon(芳香烃)▪{benzene (苯) hydroxybenzene(酚) quinone(醌)无机物中关于数字的写法mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- hexa-, hepta-, octa-, nona-, deca-一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，十有机物中关于数字的写法meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-,甲乙丙丁戊已hept-, oct-, non-, dec-, cyclo-, poly-庚辛壬葵环聚练习▪甲烷乙炔▪丙酮丁醇▪戊烷己烯▪庚醛辛烷▪2-甲基壬酸 3,5-二乙基癸醇Lithium [‘liθiəm] n.锂Beryllium [bə’riljəm] n.铍(Be)Sodium [‘səudiəm] n.钠Potassium [pə’tæsiəm] 钾Rubidium [ru:’bidiəm] 铷Caesium [‘si:ziəm] 铯Nucleus[‘nju:kli s] 原子核，是nuclear的复数Halogen[‘hælədʒən] 卤素general chemistry 普通化学positive[‘pƆzətiv] ion 阳离子orbital electron 轨道电子effective nuclear charge 有效核电荷atomic radius 原子半径，raddi的复数ionic radius 离子半径negative ion 阴离子electron cloud 电子云Van der Waals non-bounded radius单质分子晶体中相邻分子间两个非键合原子核间距离的一半称为范德华半径metallic [mi’tælik] character[‘kæriktə] 金属特性electropositive [I’lektrəu’pɔzətiv] a.带正电的Ionization [‘aiənai’zeiʃən] energy 电离能carbon 碳 germanium[dʒə:’meiniəm] 锗tin [tin] 锡 lead [led] 铅sodium[‘səudiəm] 钠 magnesium[mæɡ’ni:zjəm] 镁silicon [‘silikən] 硅 chlorine [’klɔ:ri:n] 氯nonmetallic [‘nɔnmi’tælik]adj.n.非金属的，非金属Electronegativity 电负性Metallic oxide 金属氧化物Metallic hydroxide [hai’drɔksaid] 金属氢氧化物Hydroxyl [hai‘drɔksil] ions 氢氧根离子insoluble[in’sɔljubl] 不溶解的Ionic [ai‘ɔnik] adj. 离子的Transition element 过渡元素Basicity [bə’sisiti] n. 碱性，碱度Oxyacid [,ɔksi’æsid] 含氧酸Carbonate [‘kɑ:bəneit] 碳酸盐Nitrate [‘naitreit] 硝酸盐Sulphate [‘sʌlfeit] 硫酸盐 = sulfateAmphoteric [,æmfə’terik] adj.两性的Acid [‘æsid] n. adj.alkali [‘ælkəlai] n.adj.Hydration [hai’dreiʃən] 水合作用Hydrolyze [‘haidrəlaiz] vi. 水解Oxysalt [‘ɔksisɔ:lt] 含氧酸盐Complex 络合物，复合物句子理解1) Metals are electropositive and have a tendency to loss electrons, if suppliedwith energy: M M+ + e. 金属是电正性的，如果供给能量，有失去电子的趋势。
(完整版)化学专业词汇
普通化学术语中英文对照表原子atom adj.atomic 原子核nucleus 质子proton 中子neutron 电子electron(abbr. e) 离子ion [?a??n] 阳离子cation 阴离子anion 分子molecular [m ??lekj?l?] 单质element 化合物compound 纯净物pure substance/chemical substance 混合物mixture 相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar) 相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr) 化学式量relative formula mass 物质的量amount of substance 阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant(abbr. NA) 摩尔mole 摩尔质量molar mass 实验式/ 最简式/ 经验式empirical formula 气体摩尔体积molar volume 阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro' s Law 溶液solution 溶解dissolve 浓度concentration 质量/ 体积分数mass/volume concentration 浓缩concentrate 稀释dilute 蒸馏distillation 萃取extraction 化学反应方程式chemical equation 反应物reactant 生成物product 固体solid 液体liquid 气体gaseous 溶液aqueous 配平balance 化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali (refers to soluble bases) 盐salt 酸式盐acid salt 离子方程式ionic equation 结晶水water of crystallisation 水合的hydrated 无水的anhydrous 滴定titration 指示剂indicator 氧化数oxidation number 氧化还原反应redox reaction 氧化反应oxidation reaction 还原反应reduction reaction 歧化反应disproportionation reaction 归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction 氧化剂oxidising agent 还原剂reducing agent 电子层(壳) (electron) shell 电离能ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.) 第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr.1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.) 电子亲和能electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.) 屏蔽效应electronic shielding(screening) 原子轨道atomic orbital 电子云electron cloud 电子亚层sub-shell 能层layer 能级energy level 电子排布electron configuration 电子云重叠shell overlap 洪特规则Hund' s rule 泡利原理Pauli exclusion principle 基态ground state 激发态excited state 跃迁transition 手性chirality [kai?-] 化学键chemical bond 键长bond length 键级bond order键角bond angle 键能bond enthalpies 离子键ionic bond 供体donor 受体acceptor 静电吸引electrostatic attraction 巨型离子结构giant ionic structure 共价键covalent[k ??'ve?l?nt] bond 巨型共价结构giant covalent structure 共用电子对shared pair/bonding pair 孤对电子lone pair/non-bonding pair σ键σ -bond π键π -bond δ键δ -bond 极性共价键polar bond 非极性共价键non-polar bond 配位键dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinat e bond 电负性electronegativity 极性polarity 偶极子dipole 分子间作用力intermolecular forces 氢键hydrogen bond 范德华力van der Waal' s force 色散力dispersion force 诱导力induction force 取向力orientation force/dipole-dipole force 金属键metallic bond 离域delocalisation[di:,l ?uk?lai'zei?n] 延展性malleability [,m?l ??'b ?l?ti] 可锻性ductility [d ?k't?l?t?] 导电性electrical conductivity 合金alloy 元素周期表the Periodic Table 周期period 族group 原子序数proton number 同位素isotope[?a?s?t?? p] 核素nuclide ['nju?kla?d] 同量异位素isobar['a?s?(?)bɑ?] 金属metal 非金属nonmetal碱金属alkali metal 碱土金属alkaline earth metal 卤素halogen 稀有气体noble gas 元素周期律periodic trends 活泼active 稳定noble 分解反应decomposition reaction 化合反应combination(synthesis) reaction 取代反应displacement reaction 复分解反应salt metathesis[m ??t? θs?is] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction 沉淀precipitation [pr ?,s?p?'te ?(??)n] 官能团functional group 碳氢化合物/ 烃hydrocarbon 饱和烃saturated hydrocarbon 不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon 脂肪烃aliphatic[,? l?'f? t?k] hydrocarbon 脂环烃alicyclic['sa?kl?k; ]hrdrocarbon 同系物homologous[h ?'m?l?g?s]series 异构现象isomerism ['ais?m?riz?m] 同分异构体isomeride [ai's ?m?raid] 同素异形体allotropy/allotropism 分子式molecular formula 通式general formula结构式displayed formula 结构简式structural formula 键线式skeletal formula 均裂homolytic fission 异裂heterolytic fission 亲核试剂nucleophile ['njukli ?fail] 亲电子试剂electrophile 加成反应addition reaction 加水加成hydration reaction 加成聚合反应addition polymerisation 聚合物polymer 单体monomer 链节repeat unit 缩合聚合反应condensation reaction 缩聚物condensation polymer 取代反应substitution reaction 脱水dehydration 水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenation reaction 酯化反应esterification reaction 亲核取代nucleophilic substitution 消去反应elimination reaction 裂化反应cracking (reaction) 石油分馏fractional distillation 燃烧combustion 发酵fermentation 氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons 产率percentage yield 原子利用率atom economy 红外光谱学infrared spectroscopy 质谱分析mass spectroscopy 光谱spectrum 挥发性volatility 冷凝回流reflux 反应机理reaction mechanism 能量守恒定律law of conservation of energy 热力学thermodynamic [ θ:?m?udai?-] 焓enthalpy(abbr. H) [en' θ ?lpi] 焓变enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH) 标准焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ H?) 标准反应焓standard enthalpy change(abbr. Δ Hr?) 燃烧热heat of combustion 标准燃烧焓standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr . Δ Hc?) 标准生成焓standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. Δ Hf?)放热反应exothermic[eks ?u?-] reaction 吸热反应endothermic reaction 热化学方程式thermochemical[ θ:?m?u?-] equation 活化能activation energy(abbe. Ea) 比热容specific heat capacity 键焓bond enthalpy 平均键焓average bond enthalpy 盖斯定律Hess' law 有效碰撞理论collision theory 反应速率rate ofreaction/reaction rate 反应动力学reaction kinetics 催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis 酶enzyme['enzaim] 波尔兹曼分布律the Boltzmann distribution 化学平衡(chemical) equilibrium[i:kwi? -] 可逆反应reversible reaction 动态平衡dynamic equilibrium 平衡常数chemical equilibrium constant 浓度幂concentration power 平衡移动shift of equilibrium state 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy(abbr. Δ G) 阿累尼乌斯方程the Arrhenius[ ??ri:ni ?s] Equation 自发反应spontaneous[sp ?n?teini?s] reaction 熵entropy(abbr. Δ S) 温室效应greenhouse effect 吸附作用adsorption 绿色化学green chemistry 溶解度solubility 离子反应ionic reaction 电离ionisation 电解质electrolyte 电离平衡ionisation equilibrium 电离常数ionisation constant 离子积ion-product constant 氢离子浓度指数hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from Fr ench potentiel d'hydrog ène) 溶解平衡dissolution equilibrium [d ?s?'lu??(?)n] ekw? 溶度积solubility product 原电池galvanic(voltaic) cell [g? l'v? n?k] 盐桥salt bridge 电极electrode 正极/ 阳极anode 负极/ 阴极cathode 标准电极电势standard electrode potential(abbr. E0) 干电池dry cell 一次电池primary cell(battery) 二次电池/ 蓄电池secondary cell/storage battery 充电charge 放电discharge 燃料电池fuel cell 电解electrolysis电解池/ 电解槽electrolytic cell 电镀galvanisation [, ɡ ?lv?nai'zei??n] 电偶腐蚀/ 电化腐蚀galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型molecular geometries 杂化hybrid 轨道orbital 晶格lattice 晶体crystal 晶胞crystal structure 堆积作用sedimentation [,sed ?m?n'te ??n?] 常见元素氢hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidr ?d??n] 氦helium(abbr. He) ['hi:li ?m] 锂lithium(abbr. Li) ['li θmi?] 硼boron(abbr. B) ['b ?:r ?n] 碳carbon(abbr. C) ['k ɑ:b?n] 氮nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitr ?d??n] 氧oxygen(abbr. O) ['?ksid??n] 氟fluorine(abbr. F) ['flu ?ri:n] 氖neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni: ?n] 钠sodium(abbr. Na) ['s?udi?m] 镁magnesium(abbr. Mg) 铝aluminum(abbr. Al) [,? l ??mini ?m] 硅silicon(abbr. Si) ['silik ?n] 磷phosphorus(abbr. P) ['f ?sf?r ?s] 硫sulfur(abbr. S) ['s ?lf ?] 氯chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['kl ?:ri:n] 氩argon(abbr. Ar) [' ɑ: ɡ?n] 钾potassium(abbr. K) [p ??t? si?m] 钙calcium(abbr. Ca) [?k?lsi? m] 钛titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teini ?m] 铬chromium(abbr.Cr) ['kr ?umj ?m] 锰manganese(abbr. Mn)[?m?? ɡ?ni:z] 铁iron(abbr. Fe) ['a ??n] 钴cobalt(abbr. Co) [k ?u'b ?:lt] 镍nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nik ?l] 铜copper(abbr. Cu) ['k ?p?] 锌zinc(abbr. Zn) [zi?k] 砷arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:s?nik] 溴bromine(abbr. Br) ['br ?umi:n] 银silver(abbr. Ag) ['silv ?] 锡tin(abbr. Sn) [tin] 碘iodine(abbr. I)氙xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zen?n] 钡barium(abbr. Ba) ['be ?ri ?m] 钨tungsten(abbr. W) [t ??st?n] 铂platinum(abbr. Pt) ['pl? tin ?m] 金gold(abbr. Au) [ ɡ?uld] 汞mercury(abbr. Hg) ['m ?:kjuri] 铅lead(abbr. Pb) [led] 常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond ['dai ?m?nd] 石墨graphite ['gr? fait] 臭氧ozone ['?uz?un] 红磷red phosphorus 白磷white phosphorus常见根离子(common radicals) 氢化的hydride ['haidraid] 硼酸boric (acid) adj.borate ['b ??ret?] 碳化的carbide ['ka:baid] 碳酸carbonic [kɑ?'b?n?k (]acid) adj. carbonate 碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate 氮化的nitride ['naitraid] 叠氮化的azide ['? zaid] 硝酸nitric (acid) adj.nitrate 亚硝酸nitrous ['na ?tr?s] (acid) adj.nitrite 氧化的oxide [' ?ksaid] 二氧化的dioxide [dai-'] 三氧化的trioxide [tra ?'?ksa?d] 过氧根peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [p ?'?ksaid] 超氧化的superoxide [sjup ?'?ksaid] 氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'dr ?ksil] (radical) adj. hydroxide 水合氢离子hydronium 氟化的fluoride 偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met ?'? ljuminik] (acid) adj. meta-aluminate[ ?'lju?m?ne?t] 四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'dr ?ksil-'] (acid) 硅酸silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate 磷酸phosphoric (acid)adj.phosphate 磷酸二氢根dihydrogen phosphate 磷酸氢根hydrogen phosphate 硫化的sulfide 硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide 硫酸sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate 硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate 亚硫酸sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite 亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite 硫代硫酸根thiosulphate [ θ aiu?-'] 焦硫酸根persulphate [p ?:-'] 氯化的chloride ['kl ?raid] 氢氯酸/ 盐酸hydrochloric (acid) 高氯酸perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate 氯酸chloric (acid) adj.chlorate 亚氯酸chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite 次氯酸hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite 溴化的bromide 氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide ['ai ?daid] 氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide 铵根ammonium[ ??m ?uni ?m] 高锰酸根permanganate 锰酸根manganate 氰根cyanide ['sainaid] 硫氰根thiocyanate [ θ ai?u?sani?eit] 铬酸根chromate 重铬酸根dichromate常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds) 氢化钠sodium hydride 氨ammonia/azane[ ?-?] 硅烷silane [?si-] 磷化氢phosphine 硫化氢hydrogen sulphide 氮化镁magnesium nitride 四氧化三铁iron(II,III) oxide 二氟化氧oxygen difluoride 氯化氢hydrogen chloride 氯化亚铁iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡tin(II)chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodium aluminate 磷酸二氢钠monosodium phosphate 磷酸氢二钠disodium phosphate 氯化铵ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/ 硫氢酸钠sodium hydrosulphide系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona- 十deca- 烷烃alkane (preffixalkyl-,suffix -ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec- 十二dodec- 十三tridec- 十四tetradec- 十五pentadec- 十六hexadec- 十七heptadec- 十八octadec- 十九nonadec- 二十eicos- 三十triacont- 四十tetracont- 五十prntacont- 正构型normal-(n-) 异构型iso-(i-) 新构型neo-(n-) 聚poly- 烷基alkyl 甲基methyl(abbr. Me) 乙基ethyl(abbr. Et) 丙基propyl(abbr. Pr) 环烷烃cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane) 烯烃alkene (preffixalkenyl-,suffix -ene) 二烯烃allene (suffix -adiene) 环烯烃cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene) 炔烃alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne) 顺式异构preffix cis-(Z-) 反式异构preffix trans-(E-) 苯基phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene) 苄基benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene) 醇alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol) 带卤素的化合物halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.) 酮ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one) 醛aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde) 羧酸carboxylic[ka:b ?k'silik] (acid) adj. carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基carboxyl (preffixcarboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid) 乙酸根carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac) 醚ether (suffix -ane and -oxy) 脂ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-, suffix -oic acid/-oate) 胺和酰胺amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or accordi ng to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- and amido-,suff ix –amide and -carboxamide or according to p osition of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) 氨基amino 酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho -,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phenol/carbolic acid常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph)[fin ?lf' θ eili:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol 乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acid adj.oxalate 丙酸/初油酸propanoic acid/propionic acid 丁酸/酪酸butanoic acid/butyric acid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate 柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 磺酸sulphonic (acid) adj. sulphonate (preffixsulpho-,suffix -sulphonic a cid) 腈nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile) 酚phe nol/carbolic acid 常见有机化合物(common organic compounds) 酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [fin ?lf' θ ei li:n] 石蕊litmus 溴酚蓝bromopheno blue 百里酚蓝thymol blue 甲基橙methyl orange 龙胆紫gentian violet 氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene 月桂烯myrcene [mair'si:n] 聚乙烯polythene 聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC) 聚丙烯polypropylene 聚四氟乙烯/ 特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF) 晴纶orlon 二甲醚methoxymethane 苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methyl propanoate 甲酸/ 蚁酸methanoic acid/formic acid 乙酸/ 醋酸ethanoic acid/acetic acid 乙二酸/ 草酸oxalic acidadj.oxalate 丙酸/ 初油酸propanoicacid/propionic acid 丁酸/ 酪酸butanoicacid/butyric acid 软脂酸/ 棕榈酸柠檬酸citric acid 柠檬酸钠sodium citrate 乳酸lactic acid 乳酸钠sodium lactate 葡萄糖酸gluconic acid adj.gluconate 氨基酸amino acid 葡萄糖glucose 果糖fructose 半乳糖galactose 核糖ribose 脱氧核糖desoxyribose 核糖核酸rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA) 脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA) 麦芽糖maltose 蔗糖sucrose 曲颈瓶retort [ri'-] 表面皿watch glass 石棉网asbestos[? s'best?s] gauze 玻璃棒glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod 铁架台iron stand 滴定管burette/buret 泥三角pipeclay triangle 启普发生器Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator 酒精喷灯alcohol blast burner 坩埚钳tong 坩埚pot 索氏提取器Soxhlet extractor 冷凝管cold finger 称量瓶weighing bottlehexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸octadecanoic acid/stearic acid 硬脂酸钠sodium stearate。
化学 专业英语
化学专业英语化学专业英语是化学专业学生需要掌握的一门重要语言技能。
以下是一些常见的化学专业英语词汇和表达方式：Acid 酸Base 碱Neutral 中性Chemical Bond 化学键Element 元素Compound 化合物Mixture 混合物Ion 离子Covalent Bond 共价键Polar Bond 极性键Nonpolar Bond 非极性键Radical 基团Molecule 分子Atom 原子Isomer 同分异构体Reaction Equation 反应方程式Chemical Equation 化学方程式Chemical Name 化学名称Formula 分子式Structure 结构pH 值Solubility 溶解度Extraction 萃取Crystallization 结晶Dissolution 溶解Evaporation 蒸发Condensation 冷凝Sublimation 升华Distillation 蒸馏Filtration 过滤Precipitation 沉淀Chromatography 色谱法Spectroscopy 光谱法Gas Chromatography 气相色谱法Liquid Chromatography 液相色谱法Mass Spectrometry 质谱法Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 核磁共振波谱法UV-Vis Spectroscopy 紫外-可见光谱法IR Spectroscopy 红外光谱法Titration 滴定法Gravimetric Analysis 重力分析法Thermal Analysis 热分析法X-ray Diffraction X射线衍射法。
分析化学专业英语词结
分析化学专业英语词结
1. 化学元素和化合物的命名：如 oxygen(氧气)、hydrogen(氢)、carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)等。
2. 化学反应和化学方程式的描述：如 reaction(反应)、
equation(方程式)、catalyst(催化剂)等。
3. 分析化学方法和技术的术语：如 chromatography(色谱)、spectroscopy(光谱学)、mass spectrometry(质谱法)等。
4. 实验室常用仪器设备的名称：如 microscope(显微镜)、spectrum analyzer(光谱分析仪)、centrifuge(离心机)等。
5. 化学领域的理论和概念术语：如 stoichiometry(化学计量学)、thermodynamics(热力学)、kinetics(动力学)等。
6. 化学计量学中的计量单位：如 gram(克)、mole(摩尔)、molar mass(摩尔质量)等。
7. 化学实验中常用的操作方法：如 titration(滴定)、
extraction(萃取)、filtration(过滤)等。
这些是分析化学专业常用的英语词结，掌握这些词结对于学习和交流化学知识至关重要。
(完整版)化学类专业英语词汇
专业英语词汇Unit 1 TEXT A：Chemical Reactions and Group Reactions customary a. 通常的，惯例的handle n.柄vt.触摸handling n.处理，管理derive vt.取得，得到，衍生oxidate vt.使氧化oxidation n.satisfactory a.令人满意的，符合要求的rapid a.快的，迅速的，动作快的combustion n.燃烧somewhat pron. ad. 一点点，几分，有点effort n.努力commercial a.商业的，商务的undesirable a.不合需要的，不受欢迎的，讨厌的retard vt.延迟，放慢，使停滞transformer n.变压器transform vt.改变，转变automotive a.自动的，机动的，汽车的cracked 裂化的sluge n.软泥，淤泥stiff a.硬的，强烈的extent 广度，程度distillation n.蒸馏distill vt.vi.unrefined a.未精致，未提炼的acidity n.酸味，酸性acidify vt. Vi.Involve vt.包缠，卷缠Fell=followingIndividual a.个人的，个体的Presumable a.可假定的，可推测的Destruction n.破坏，毁灭Overall n。
a.全面的，综合的Exceed 超过，胜过Isolate vt.隔离，孤立，使离析iso—构词成分“均匀”“异构”“苯”Analyse vt. 分析，分解Carbonyl 羰基Carboxyl 羧基Hydroxyl 羟基Decomposition 分解Alkyl 烷基，烃基Aldehyde n.醛Yield vt. 出产，产出Explosive a. 爆炸Vapor n.蒸汽，vi.蒸发Propagation 繁殖，增殖；传播Dehydrate vt.使脱水Acet 构词成分Acetaldehyde 乙醛Resin n.树脂Resinous a.树脂的Carboxylic a.羟基的Substantial a.物质的，实质的Susceptible a.易受感动的，敏感的Analogous a.类似的，相似的（to）Response n.作答，回答，响应，反应Readily ad.乐意地，很快地Readiness n.准备就绪，愿意Extent n.广度长度Steric 空间的，位的Likewise ad.同样的，照样地；也，又Suffer vt.遭受，经历Progressive a.进步的，长进的，渐次的Adjacent a.邻近的，紧挨着的Terminal a.末端的，终点的MethyleneBromide n.溴化物Substitute n.代替物（人），代用品substitution n.代替，替换Remote a.相隔较远的Acetone n.丙酮Ether n.醚，乙醚Correspond vi.符合，一致；相当，相应Reservation n.保留，预定Tend vi.走向，趋向。
(完整版)化学专业英语
(完整版)化学专业英语一、基础词汇篇1. 原子与分子Atom（原子）：物质的基本单位，由质子、中子和电子组成。
2. 化学反应Reactant（反应物）：参与化学反应的物质。
Product（物）：化学反应后的物质。
Catalyst（催化剂）：能改变化学反应速率而本身不发生永久变化的物质。
3. 物质状态Solid（固体）：具有一定形状和体积的物质。
Liquid（液体）：具有一定体积，无固定形状的物质。
Gas（气体）：无固定形状和体积的物质。
4. 酸碱盐Acid（酸）：在水溶液中能电离出氢离子的物质。
Base（碱）：在水溶液中能电离出氢氧根离子的物质。
Salt（盐）：由酸的阴离子和碱的阳离子组成的化合物。
5. 溶液与浓度Solution（溶液）：由溶剂和溶质组成的均匀混合物。
Solvent（溶剂）：能溶解其他物质的物质。
Solute（溶质）：被溶解的物质。
Concentration（浓度）：溶液中溶质含量的度量。
二、专业术语篇1. 有机化学Organic Chemistry（有机化学）：研究碳化合物及其衍生物的化学分支。
Functional Group（官能团）：决定有机化合物化学性质的原子或原子团。
Polymer（聚合物）：由许多重复单元组成的大分子化合物。
2. 无机化学Inorganic Chemistry（无机化学）：研究不含碳的化合物及其性质的化学分支。
Crystal（晶体）：具有规则排列的原子、离子或分子的固体。
OxidationReduction Reaction（氧化还原反应）：涉及电子转移的化学反应。
3. 物理化学Physical Chemistry（物理化学）：研究化学现象与物理现象之间关系的化学分支。
Chemical Bond（化学键）：原子间相互作用力，使原子结合成分子。
Thermodynamics（热力学）：研究能量转换和物质性质的科学。
4. 分析化学Analytical Chemistry（分析化学）：研究物质的组成、结构和性质的科学。
常用分析化学专业英语词汇
常用分析化学专业英语词汇1. Analytical chemistry - 分析化学2. Sample - 样品3. Analyte - 分析物4. Instrument - 仪器设备5. Chromatography - 色谱法6. Spectroscopy - 光谱学7. Mass spectrometry - 质谱法8. Gas chromatography - 气相色谱9. Liquid chromatography - 液相色谱10. UV-visible spectroscopy - 紫外-可见光谱11. Infrared spectroscopy - 红外光谱12. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - 核磁共振光谱13. Atomic absorption spectrometry - 原子吸收光谱14. Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry - 火焰原子吸收光谱法15. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry - 电感耦合等离子质谱法16.pH-酸碱度/pH值17. Standard solution - 标准溶液18. Calibration - 校准19. Quantitative analysis - 定量分析20. Qualitative analysis - 定性分析21. Accuracy - 准确性22. Precision - 精密度23. Sensitivity - 灵敏度24. Selectivity - 选择性25. Limit of detection (LOD) - 检测限26. Limit of quantification (LOQ) - 定量限27. Method validation - 方法验证28. Method development - 方法开发29. Quality control - 质量控制30. Analytical technique - 分析技术31. Chemical reaction - 化学反应32. Titration - 滴定33. Electrochemistry - 电化学34. Ion chromatography - 离子色谱35. Atomic force microscopy - 原子力显微镜36. Analytical balance - 分析天平37. Data analysis - 数据分析38. Statistical analysis - 统计分析39. Error propagation - 误差传递。
化学专业考研英语词汇
化学专业英语一、无机化学1. periodic table 元素周期表element 元素metal 金属nonmetal 非金属transition metal 过渡金属group / family 族alkali metal 碱金属alkaline earth metal 碱土金属chalcogen 氮族元素halogen 卤素noble gas 稀有气体period 周期lanthanide 镧系元素actinide 锕系元素block 区s-block s区（H、He、碱金属、碱土金属）p-block p区（IIIA~VIIA族、稀有气体(He除外)）d-block d区（过渡金属）f-block f区（镧系元素、锕系元素）2. electron configuration 电子排布，电子构型electron shell 电子层shell （电子）层subshell （电子）亚层atomic orbital 原子轨道structure 结构molecule 分子molecular 分子的atom 原子atomic nucleus 原子核electron 电子electron cloud 电子云ion 离子anion /ˈæn.aɪ.ən/ 阴离子cation /ˈkæt.aɪ.ən/ 阳离子3. quantum number 量子数principal quantum number 主量子数（n）1≤nazimuthal quantum number 角量子数（ℓ）0≤ℓ≤n-1magnetic quantum number 磁量子数（m）- ℓ≤m ≤ℓspin quantum number 自旋量子数（s或m s）±1/2Pauli exclusion principle（泡利不相容原理）：Two electrons cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously.Hund’s principle / Hund’s rule（洪特规则）：If two orbitals of equal energy are available, electrons will occupy them singly before filling them in pairs.4. chemical bond 化学键ionic bond 离子键ionization energy 电离能electron affinity 电子亲和能ionic polarization 离子极化dipole 偶极covalent bond 共价键metallic bond 金属键(=metallic bonding)intermolecular force 分子间作用力van der Waals force 范德华力5. Lewis structure 路易斯结构lone pairs 孤电子对，孤对电子valence electron 价电子single bond 单键multiple bond 多重键（double bond 双键，triple bond 三键）6. chemical reaction 化学反应四种基本反应类型（four basic types）：combination reaction 化合反应 C + O2= C O2decomposition reaction 分解反应Cu(OH)2 = CuO + H2Odisplacement reaction (single displacement reaction) 置换反应Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + Cumetathesis reaction (double displacement reaction) 复分解反应AgNO3 + NH4I = NH4NO3+ AgI↓precipitation 沉淀（作用）precipitate 沉淀物其它反应：reduction-oxidation reaction (=redox reaction) 氧化还原反应oxidation 氧化reduction 还原combustion 燃烧（=burning）stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪkiˈɒmɪtri/ 化学计量stoichiometric ration 化学计量比reactivity series of metals / activity series of metals 金属活动性顺序standard electrode potential 标准电极电势（符号Eθ）chemical stability 化学稳定性acid-base reaction 酸碱（中和）反应conjugated acid 共轭酸conjugated base 共轭碱Lewis acid 路易斯酸Lewis base 路易斯碱Brønsted acid Brønsted酸Brønsted base Brønsted碱7. solution 溶液solute 溶质solvent 溶剂concentration 浓度concentrated 浓的dilute 稀的molality 质量摩尔浓度(mol溶质/kg溶剂) mole fraction 摩尔分数mass fraction 质量分数mass concentration 质量浓度(kg/m3)osmotic pressure 渗透压molar concentration 摩尔浓度(mol/L)solubility 溶解度solubility product 溶度积（K sp）soluble 可溶的slightly soluble 微溶的insoluble 难溶的，不溶的solvation 溶剂化作用solvate 溶剂合物（如CaCl2·C2H5OH）hydration 水合作用hydrate 水合物（如CuSO4·5H2O）hemihydrate 半水合物monohydrate 一水合物dihydrate 二水合物(tri- 3, tetra- 4, penta- 5, hexa- 6, hepta- 7, octa- 8, nona- 9, deca- 10, undeca- 11, dodeca- 12)8. compound (=chemical compound) 化合物inorganic compound 无机化合物organic compound 有机化合物nomenclature /nəˈmenklətʃə(r)/ 命名法chemical formula 化学式empirical formula 实验式，简式structural formula 结构式molecular formula 分子式macromolecule 高分子polymer 聚合物coordination complex 配合物，络合物元素名以ium（或um）结尾的，去掉后缀，某化物加ide，如硫化钠sodium sulfide。
常见化学专业词汇_英语--汉语对照
化学专用词汇表（参见）1. The Ideal-Gas Equation 理想气体状态方程2. Partial Pressures 分压3. Real Gases: Deviation from Ideal Behavior 真实气体：对理想气体行为的偏离4. The van der Waals Equation 范德华方程5. System and Surroundings 系统与环境6. State and State Functions 状态与状态函数7. Process 过程8. Phase 相9. The First Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第一定律10. Heat and Work 热与功11. Endothermic and Exothermic Processes 吸热与发热过程12. Enthalpies of Reactions 反应热13. Hess’s Law 盖斯定律14. Enthalpies of Formation 生成焓15. Reaction Rates 反应速率16. Reaction Order 反应级数17. Rate Constants 速率常数18. Activation Energy 活化能19. The Arrhenius Equation 阿累尼乌斯方程20. Reaction Mechanisms 反应机理21. Homogeneous Catalysis 均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis 非均相催化剂23. Enzymes 酶24. The Equilibrium Constant 平衡常数25. the Direction of Reaction 反应方向26. Le Chatelier’s Principle 列·沙特列原理27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Changes and Catalystsi. 体积，压力，温度变化以及催化剂的影响28. Spontaneous Processes 自发过程29. Entropy (Standard Entropy) 熵（标准熵）30. The Second Law of Thermodynamics 热力学第二定律31. Entropy Changes 熵变32. Standard Free-Energy Changes 标准自由能变33. Acid-Bases 酸碱34. The Dissociation of Water 水离解35. The Proton in Water 水合质子36. The pH Scales pH值37. Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Bronsted-Lowry 酸和碱38. Proton-Transfer Reactions 质子转移反应39. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs 共轭酸碱对40. Relative Strength of Acids and Bases 酸碱的相对强度41. Lewis Acids and Bases 路易斯酸碱42. Hydrolysis of Metal Ions 金属离子的水解43. Buffer Solutions 缓冲溶液44. The Common-Ion Effects 同离子效应45. Buffer Capacity 缓冲容量46. Formation of Complex Ions 配离子的形成47. Solubility 溶解度48. The Solubility-Product Constant Ksp 溶度积常数49. Precipitation and separation of Ions 离子的沉淀与分离50. Selective Precipitation of Ions 离子的选择沉淀51. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 氧化还原反应52. Oxidation Number 氧化数53. Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations 氧化还原反应方程的配平54. Half-Reaction 半反应55. Galvani Cell 原电池56. V oltaic Cell 伏特电池57. Cell EMF 电池电动势58. Standard Electrode Potentials 标准电极电势59. Oxidizing and Reducing Agents 氧化剂和还原剂60. The Nernst Equation 能斯特方程61. Electrolysis 电解62. The Wave Behavior of Electrons 电子的波动性63. Bohr’s Model of The Hydrogen Atom 氢原子的波尔模型64. Line Spectra 线光谱65. Quantum Numbers 量子数66. Electron Spin 电子自旋67. Atomic Orbital 原子轨道68. The s (p, d, f) Orbital s（p，d，f）轨道69. Many-Electron Atoms 多电子原子70. Energies of Orbital 轨道能量71. The Pauli Exclusion Principle 泡林不相容原理72. Electron Configurations 电子构型73. The Periodic Table 周期表74. Row 行75. Group 族76. Isotopes, Atomic Numbers, and Mass Numbers 同位素，原子数，质量数77. Periodic Properties of the Elements 元素的周期律78. Radius of Atoms 原子半径79. Ionization Energy 电离能80. Electronegativity 电负性81. Effective Nuclear Charge 有效核电荷82. Electron Affinities 亲电性83. Metals 金属84. Nonmetals 非金属85. Valence Bond Theory 价键理论86. Covalence Bond 共价键87. Orbital Overlap 轨道重叠88. Multiple Bonds 重键89. Hybrid Orbital 杂化轨道90. The VSEPR Model 价层电子对互斥理论91. Molecular Geometries 分子空间构型92. Molecular Orbital 分子轨道93. Diatomic Molecules 双原子分子94. Bond Length 键长95. Bond Order 键级96. Bond Angles 键角97. Bond Enthalpies 键能98. Bond Polarity 键矩99. Dipole Moments 偶极矩100. Polarity Molecules 极性分子101. Polyatomic Molecules 多原子分子102. Crystal Structure 晶体结构103. Non-Crystal 非晶体104. Close Packing of Spheres 球密堆积105. Metallic Solids 金属晶体106. Metallic Bond 金属键107. Alloys 合金108. Ionic Solids 离子晶体109. Ion-Dipole Forces 离子偶极力110. Molecular Forces 分子间力111. Intermolecular Forces 分子间作用力112. Hydrogen Bonding 氢键113. Covalent-Network Solids 原子晶体114. Compounds 化合物115. The Nomenclature, Composition and Structure of Complexes 配合物的命名，组成和结构116. Charges, Coordination Numbers, and Geometries 电荷数、配位数、及几何构型117. Chelates 螯合物118. Isomerism 异构现象119. Structural Isomerism 结构异构120. Stereoisomerism 立体异构121. Magnetism 磁性122. Electron Configurations in Octahedral Complexes 八面体构型配合物的电子分布123. Tetrahedral and Square-planar Complexes 四面体和平面四边形配合物124. General Characteristics 共性125. s-Block Elements s区元素126. Alkali Metals 碱金属127. Alkaline Earth Metals 碱土金属128. Hydrides 氢化物129. Oxides 氧化物130. Peroxides and Superoxides 过氧化物和超氧化物131. Hydroxides 氢氧化物132. Salts 盐133. p-Block Elements p区元素134. Boron Group (Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, Thallium) 硼族（硼，铝，镓，铟，铊）135. Borane 硼烷136. Carbon Group (Carbon, Silicon, Germanium, Tin, Lead) 碳族（碳，硅，锗，锡，铅）137. Graphite, Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide 石墨，一氧化碳，二氧化碳138. Carbonic Acid, Carbonates and Carbides 碳酸，碳酸盐，碳化物139. Occurrence and Preparation of Silicon 硅的存在和制备140. Silicic Acid，Silicates 硅酸，硅酸盐141. Nitrogen Group (Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth) 氮族（磷，砷，锑，铋）142. Ammonia, Nitric Acid, Phosphoric Acid 氨，硝酸，磷酸143. Phosphorates, phosphorus Halides 磷酸盐，卤化磷144. Oxygen Group (Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium) 氧族元素（氧，硫，硒，碲）145. Ozone, Hydrogen Peroxide 臭氧，过氧化氢146. Sulfides 硫化物147. Halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) 卤素（氟，氯，溴，碘）148. Halides, Chloride 卤化物，氯化物149. The Noble Gases 稀有气体150. Noble-Gas Compounds 稀有气体化合物151. d-Block elements d区元素152. Transition Metals 过渡金属153. Potassium Dichromate 重铬酸钾154. Potassium Permanganate 高锰酸钾155. Iron Copper Zinc Mercury 铁，铜，锌，汞156. f-Block Elements f区元素157. Lanthanides 镧系元素158. Radioactivity 放射性159. Nuclear Chemistry 核化学160. Nuclear Fission 核裂变161. Nuclear Fusion 核聚变162. analytical chemistry 分析化学163. qualitative analysis 定性分析164. quantitative analysis 定量分析165. chemical analysis 化学分析166. instrumental analysis 仪器分析167. titrimetry 滴定分析168. gravimetric analysis 重量分析法169. regent 试剂170. chromatographic analysis 色谱分析171. product 产物172. electrochemical analysis 电化学分析173. on-line analysis 在线分析174. macro analysis 常量分析175. characteristic 表征176. micro analysis 微量分析177. deformation analysis 形态分析178. semimicro analysis 半微量分析179. systematical error 系统误差180. routine analysis 常规分析181. random error 偶然误差182. arbitration analysis 仲裁分析183. gross error 过失误差184. normal distribution 正态分布185. accuracy 准确度186. deviation偏差187. precision 精密度188. relative standard deviation 相对标准偏差（RSD）189. coefficient variation 变异系数（CV）190. confidence level 置信水平191. confidence interval 置信区间192. significant test 显著性检验193. significant figure 有效数字194. standard solution 标准溶液195. titration 滴定196. stoichiometric point 化学计量点197. end point滴定终点198. titration error 滴定误差199. primary standard 基准物质200. amount of substance 物质的量201. standardization 标定202. chemical reaction 化学反应203. concentration浓度204. chemical equilibrium 化学平衡205. titer 滴定度206. general equation for a chemical reaction化学反应的通式207. proton theory of acid-base 酸碱质子理论208. acid-base titration 酸碱滴定法209. dissociation constant 解离常数210. conjugate acid-base pair 共轭酸碱对211. acetic acid 乙酸212. hydronium ion水合氢离子213. electrolyte 电解质214. ion-product constant of water 水的离子积215. ionization 电离216. proton condition 质子平衡217. zero level零水准218. buffer solution缓冲溶液219. methyl orange 甲基橙220. acid-base indicator 酸碱指示剂221. phenolphthalein 酚酞222. coordination compound 配位化合物223. center ion 中心离子224. cumulative stability constant 累积稳定常数225. alpha coefficient 酸效应系数226. overall stability constant 总稳定常数227. ligand 配位体228. ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid 乙二胺四乙酸229. side reaction coefficient 副反应系数230. coordination atom 配位原子231. coordination number 配位数232. lone pair electron 孤对电子233. chelate compound 螯合物234. metal indicator 金属指示剂235. chelating agent 螯合剂236. masking 掩蔽237. demasking 解蔽238. electron 电子239. catalysis 催化240. oxidation氧化241. catalyst 催化剂242. reduction 还原243. catalytic reaction 催化反应244. reaction rate 反应速率245. electrode potential 电极电势246. activation energy 反应的活化能247. redox couple 氧化还原电对248. potassium permanganate 高锰酸钾249. iodimetry碘量法250. potassium dichromate 重铬酸钾251. cerimetry 铈量法252. redox indicator 氧化还原指示253. oxygen consuming 耗氧量（OC）254. chemical oxygen demanded 化学需氧量(COD)255. dissolved oxygen 溶解氧(DO)256. precipitation 沉淀反应257. argentimetry 银量法258. heterogeneous equilibrium of ions 多相离子平衡259. aging 陈化260. postprecipitation 继沉淀261. coprecipitation 共沉淀262. ignition 灼烧263. fitration 过滤264. decantation 倾泻法265. chemical factor 化学因数266. spectrophotometry 分光光度法267. colorimetry 比色分析268. transmittance 透光率269. absorptivity 吸光率270. calibration curve 校正曲线271. standard curve 标准曲线272. monochromator 单色器273. source 光源274. wavelength dispersion 色散275. absorption cell吸收池276. detector 检测系统277. bathochromic shift 红移278. Molar absorptivity 摩尔吸光系数279. hypochromic shift 紫移280. acetylene 乙炔281. ethylene 乙烯282. acetylating agent 乙酰化剂283. acetic acid 乙酸284. adiethyl ether 乙醚285. ethyl alcohol 乙醇286. acetaldehtde 乙醛287. β-dicarbontl compound β–二羰基化合物288. bimolecular elimination 双分子消除反应289. bimolecular nucleophilic substitution 双分子亲核取代反应290. open chain compound 开链族化合物291. molecular orbital theory 分子轨道理论292. chiral molecule 手性分子293. tautomerism 互变异构现象294. reaction mechanism 反应历程295. chemical shift 化学位移296. Walden inversio 瓦尔登反转n297. Enantiomorph 对映体298. addition rea ction 加成反应299. dextro- 右旋300. levo- 左旋301. stereochemistry 立体化学302. stereo isomer 立体异构体303. Lucas reagent 卢卡斯试剂304. covalent bond 共价键305. conjugated diene 共轭二烯烃306. conjugated double bond 共轭双键307. conjugated system 共轭体系308. conjugated effect 共轭效应309. isomer 同分异构体310. isomerism 同分异构现象311. organic chemistry 有机化学312. hybridization 杂化313. hybrid orbital 杂化轨道314. heterocyclic compound 杂环化合物315. peroxide effect 过氧化物效应t316. valence bond theory 价键理论317. sequence rule 次序规则318. electron-attracting grou p 吸电子基319. Huckel rule 休克尔规则320. Hinsberg test 兴斯堡试验321. infrared spectrum 红外光谱322. Michael reacton 麦克尔反应323. halogenated hydrocarbon 卤代烃324. haloform reaction 卤仿反应325. systematic nomenclatur 系统命名法e326. Newman projection 纽曼投影式327. aromatic compound 芳香族化合物328. aromatic character 芳香性r329. Claisen condensation reaction克莱森酯缩合反应330. Claisen rearrangement 克莱森重排331. Diels-Alder reation 狄尔斯-阿尔得反应332. Clemmensen reduction 克莱门森还原333. Cannizzaro reaction 坎尼扎罗反应334. positional isomers 位置异构体335. unimolecular elimination reaction 单分子消除反应336. unimolecular nucleophilic substitution 单分子亲核取代反应337. benzene 苯338. functional grou 官能团p339. configuration 构型340. conformation 构象341. confomational isome 构象异构体342. electrophilic addition 亲电加成343. electrophilic reagent 亲电试剂344. nucleophilic addition 亲核加成345. nucleophilic reagent 亲核试剂346. nucleophilic substitution reaction亲核取代反应347. active intermediate 活性中间体348. Saytzeff rule 查依采夫规则349. cis-trans isomerism 顺反异构350. inductive effect 诱导效应t351. Fehling’s reagent 费林试剂352. phase transfer catalysis 相转移催化作用353. aliphatic compound 脂肪族化合物354. elimination reaction 消除反应355. Grignard reagent 格利雅试剂356. nuclear magnetic resonance 核磁共振357. alkene 烯烃358. allyl cation 烯丙基正离子359. leaving group 离去基团360. optical activity 旋光性361. boat confomation 船型构象362. silver mirror reaction 银镜反应363. Fischer projection 菲舍尔投影式364. Kekule structure 凯库勒结构式365. Friedel-Crafts reaction 傅列德尔-克拉夫茨反应366. Ketone 酮367. carboxylic acid 羧酸368. carboxylic acid derivative 羧酸衍生物369. hydroboration 硼氢化反应370. bond oength 键长371. bond energy 键能372. bond angle 键角373. carbohydrate 碳水化合物374. carbocation 碳正离子375. carbanion 碳负离子376. alcohol 醇377. Gofmann rule 霍夫曼规则378. Aldehyde 醛379. Ether 醚380. Polymer 聚合物。
化学专业文献词汇
词汇：Electron-withdrawing group吸电子基; Electron-donating group供电自基Anodic阳极的; Cathodic阴极的；Cation阳离子;Anion阴离子electrochemiluminescence电化学发光；redox reaction 氧化还原反应immunosensor免疫传感器side-effects 副作用oxidation氧化；reduction还原disperse分散；aggregate聚集valence 价态；nul- 零价；mono- 一价；bi- 二价；tri- 三价；tetra- 四价；penta- 五价；hexa- 六价；hepta- 七价；hypsochromically 蓝移；bathochromically 红移；hyperfine structure 超精细结构；intermediate 中间体；hydrophobic 疏水性的；hydrophilic 亲水性的transition metal过渡金属表转折：1、HoweverHowever，in aforementioned work, copper electrodes need to be etched in an acid solution for a period of time, in order to build the linkage between organic films and copper surfaces, but this method to some extent pays the price of sacrificing the mechanical properties of metal surface and undermining the corrosion resistance.2、AlthoughAlthough the reversible potential for NADH oxidation is estimated to be-0.32 V vs NHE, the direct oxidation of NADH at bare electrodes in general requires high overpotentials that can be as large as 1.0 V.表原因：1、arising fromThe resulting solids exhibit electrochemiluminescence arising from the organic moieties.2、owing toA pivotal role was played by 9,10-diphenylanthracene(DPA), rubrene, and pyrene, owing to their excellent combination of photonic and redox properties, which typically comprisevery high luminescence quantumefficiencies and radical anions that are sufficiently long-lived to generate ECL.3、because ofThis luminescence could be generated only by the so-called coreactant method because of unfavorable electrochemical properties of corannulene that make generation by cation -anion annihilation unviable.4、were responsive toECL signals were responsive to the amount of hIgG bounded to the immunosensor.5、due toECL as an analytical tool is gradually gaining importance, especially inconnection with the samples of biological origin, due to its sensitivity。
化学专业词汇
一般专业词汇Route [`raut]【路线】Strategy ['strætidʒi]【策略】Rearrangement [ˏri:ә'reindʒmәnt]【重排】Asymmetric ['eisi'metrik]【不对称】Migration [mai'greiʃәn]【迁移】Mechanism ['mekәnizәm]【机理】Substrate ['sʌbstreit]【底物、培养基】Synthesis ['sinθisis]【合成】Labile ['leibail]【不稳定的】Azeotropic [әˏzi:ә'trɔpik]【共沸的】Scheme [ski:m]【图示】Derivative [di'rivәtiv]【衍生物】Analogous [ә'nælәgәs]【类似物】Primary ['praimәri]【伯-】Secondary ['sekәndәri]【仲-】Tertiary ['tә:ʃәri]【叔-】Functional ['fʌŋkʃәnl] group【官能团】Catalyst [`kætәlist] 【催化剂】Catalysis [kә`tælisis]【催化（作用）】Catalytical [kætә`litikәl] 【催化的】Hydrogenolysis [ˏhaidrәudʒә'nɔlәsis]【氢化】Hydrogenous [hai'drɔdʒinәs] 【含氢的】pericyclic [peri'saiklik] reaction【周环反应】transition [træn'ziʒәn] state 【过渡态】homolysis [hɔ'mɔlisis] 【均裂】heterolysis [ˏhetә'rɔlisis] 【异裂】homogeneous [ˏhɔmәu'dʒi:njәs]【均相的】heterogeneous [ˏhetәrәu'dʒi:niәs] 【非均相的】Steric ['sterik] hindrance[`hindrәns] 【立体位阻】Lipophilic [ˏlipә`filik] 【亲脂性的】chiral [`kairәl] 【手性的】electrophile [i`lektrәfail] 【亲电试剂】nucleophilic [ˏnju:kliәu'filik] 【亲核的】hydrolysis [hai`drɔlisis] 【水解(作用)】acidolysis [ˏæsi`dɔlisis] 【酸解(作用)】displacement [dis'pleismәnt] 【取代】formalin ['fɔ:mәlin] 【甲醛溶液】dilute [dai'lju:t] 【稀释】dehydrate [di:'haidreit] 【脱水】dilation [dai'leiʃәn]【膨胀】saponification [sәpɔnifi'keiʃәn]【皂化】emulsification [iˏmʌlsifi'keiʃәn] 【乳化】reactant [ri:'æktәnt]【反应物】adduct [ә'dʌkt]【加合物】dissolve [di'zɔlv]【溶解】degradation [ˏdegrә'deiʃәn]【降解】mild [maild]【（反应）温和的】harsh [hɑ:ʃ] 【（反应）苛刻的】racemic [rә'si:mik]【消旋的】substituent [sʌb'stitjuәnt]【取代基】conjugation [ˏkɔndʒu'geiʃәn]【偶和】equivalent [i'kwivәlәnt]【当量的】volatile ['vɔlәtail]【易挥发的】susceptible [sә'septәbl]【易受影响的】in large scale【大量】protease ['prәutieis]【蛋白酶】side chain【侧链】Impuritiy [im'pjuәriti]【杂质】Component [kәm'pәunәnt]【组分】Tare [tєә]【去皮】Syringe ['sirindʒ]【注射器】Concentrate ['kɔnsentreit]【浓缩】Aqueous ['eikwiәs]【水相（的）】Methodology [meθә'dɔlәdʒi]【方法学】Precursor [pri(:)'kә:sә] 【前体】Separation [sepә'reiʃәn]【分离】Purification [ˏpjuәrifi'keiʃәn]【纯化】Recrystallization ['rikristәlai'zeiʃәn]【重结晶】Crystalline ['kristәlain]【晶体】Distillation [ˏdisti'leiʃәn]【蒸馏】Sublimation [ˏsʌbli'meiʃәn] 【升华】Microwave ['maikrәuweiv]【微波】Infrared ['infrә'red]【红外】ultraviolet ['ʌltrә'vaiәlit] active【紫外显色】isotope ['aisәutәup] 【同位素】isomer ['aisɔmә] 【同分异构体】Isomerization [aiˏsɔmәrai'zeiʃәn]【异构化】Transformation [ˏtrænsfә'meiʃәn]【转化】Stability [stә'biliti]【稳定性】Poisoned ['pɔiznd]【中毒的】Filter ['filtә]【过滤器】Filtration [fil'treiʃәn]【过滤】Filtrate ['filtreit]【滤液】Filter Cake【滤饼】Eluent ['eljuәnt]【淋洗液】Thin-layer-chromatography [ˏkrәumә'tɔgrәfi] TLC【薄层色谱】Preparative [pri'pærәtiv] TLC【制备薄层色谱】HPLC【高效液相色谱】LC-MS【液质联用仪】Protic ['prәutik]【质子的】Aprotic[ә'prәutik] 【非质子的】Decompose [ˏdi:kәm'pәuz]【分解】Removal [ri'mu:vәl]【除去】Reduced [ri'dju:st] pressure 【减压】Vacuum ['vækjuәm] 【真空】Elimination [iˏlimi'neiʃәn]【消除】Addition [ә'diʃәn]【添加、加成】Ligand ['laigәnd]【配体】Stopper ['stɔpә]【塞子】Separatory/ addition/ Büchner funnel ['fʌnәl]【分液/加料/布什】column chromatography【柱层析】Run column【用柱层析分离】Stopcock ['stɔpkɔk] 【旋塞阀】Condenser [kәn'densә]【冷凝管】Chamber ['tʃeimbә]【（薄层用）展缸】Bench [bentʃ] 【实验台】Hood [hud] 【通风橱】Rotavapor [ˏrәutә'veipә]【旋蒸】Evaporation [iˏvæpә'reiʃәn] 【蒸发】vacuum hose [hәuz]【真空管】silicon ['silikәn] oil bath 【（硅）油浴】sink [siŋk]【水槽】neutralize ['nju:trәlaiz] 【中和】stir bar 【搅拌子】Dry ice trap【干冰冷阱】Glovebox [glʌvә'bɔks]【手套箱】vacuum pump [pʌmp]【真空泵】spatula ['spætjulә] 【刮刀】miscible ['misibl]【混溶的】Quench [kwentʃ]【淬灭】Purging ['pә:dʒiŋ]【鼓气】Titration [tai'treiʃәn]【滴定】Trituration [tritju'reiʃәn]【研磨】Dessicator ['desikeitә:]【干燥剂】Hygroscopic [ˏhaigrәu'skɔpik] 【吸湿的】L achrymator ['lækriˏmeitә]【催泪剂】DI (de-ion) water【去离子水】Stoichiometric [ˏstɔikiәuˋmєtrik] 【化学量的】Volumetric [vɔlju'metrik] 【测体积的】Weighing ['weiiŋ] paper【称量纸】Mechanical [mi'kænikl] stirring apparatus [ˏæpә'reitәs]【机械搅拌装置】heating mental ['mentl] 【加热套】Eclipse [i'klips] 【使失色】Anomeric ['ænәˏmerik] Effect 【端基异构效应】Equatorial [ˏekwә'tɔ:riәl]【平伏（键）的】Axial ['æksiәl]【直立（键）的】Gauche [gәuʃ] 【构象】Thermodynamic ['θә:mәudai'næmik]【热力学的】Kinetic [kai'netik]【动力学的】Enantioselective [eˏnæntiәsi'lektiv] 【对映选择性的】Diastereotopic [ˏdaiәstiәriә'tɔpik] 【非对映的】Chemoselectivity 【化学选择性】Regioselective ['ri:dʒәu si'lektiv] 【区域选择性的】Stereoselectivity [ˏstiәriәˏsilek'tiviti]【立体选择性】Synthon ['sinθɔn]【合成子】Nitrosation [naitrә'seiʃә:n] 【亚硝化】Tautomer ['tɔ:tәmә]【（互变）异构体】Confirmation [ˏkɔnfɔ:'meiʃәn] 【构型】Equilibrium [ˏi:kwi'libriәm]【平衡】pyrolysis [ˏpaiә'rɔlisis] 【热解】ozonolysis [ ,əuzəu'nɔlisis ] 【臭氧分解】conversion [kәn'vә:ʃәn] ratio ['reiʃiәu] 【转化率】Deprotection【脱保护】Introduction【引入】Cleavage【分离，脱除】化合物名称Oxygen ['ɔksidʒәn] 【氧】Nitrogen ['naitrәdʒәn] 【氮】Hydrogen ['haidrәudʒәn] 【氢】Urea ['juәriә]【尿素】Thiourea [ˏθaiәujuә'riә]【硫脲】Guanidine ['gwænәdi:n]【胍】Amidine ['æmiˏdi:n]【脒】Enamine [i'næmin]【烯胺】Furan ['fjuәræn]【呋喃】Imidazole [ˏimi'dæzәul]【咪唑】Imine['imi:n]【亚胺】Imide['imaid]【酰亚胺】Lac tam['læktæm]【内酰胺】Lactone['læktәun]【内酯】Ether ['i:θә]【醚】Ester['estә]【脂】Carobohydrate['kɑ:bәu'haidreit]【碳水化合物】Acetal ['æsitæl]【缩醛】dichloromethane [daiˏklɔ:rә'meθein]【二氯甲烷】sulfone ['sʌlfәun] 【砜】sulfoxide [sʌl'fɔksaid]【亚砜】chloroform ['klɔ(:)rәfɔ:m]【氯仿】acidify [ә'sidifai]【酸化】saturated ['sætʃәreitid]【饱和的】sodium bicarbonate [bai'kɑ:bәnit]【碳酸氢钠】sodium carbonate【碳酸钠】Ketone['ki:tәun]【酮】Aldehyde['ældihaid]【醛】enol['i:nɔl]【烯醇】Enone ['i:nɔn]【烯酮】Dioxane [dai'ɔksein]【二噁烷】Acetone ['æsitәun]【丙酮】Ethyl aceta te ['æsiˏteit]【乙酸乙酯】Petroleum [pi'trәuliәm] ether【石油醚】n-hexane [hek'sein]【正己烷】thiophene ['θaiәˏfi:n] 【噻吩】Glycine ['glaisi:n]【氨基乙酸】Glycoside ['glaikәˏsaid]【糖苷】thionyl['θaiәnil] chloride【氯化亚砜】Sulfur['sʌlfә]【硫】Proton ['prәutɔn]【质子】sodium borohydride [ˏbɔ:rә'haidraid]【硼氢化钠】lithium ['liθiәm] 【锂】aluminum [ˏælju:'minjәm] 【铝】sodium hydride [haidraid] 【氢化钠】glycol['glaikɔl] 【乙二醇】glycerol['glisәˏrɔl]；glycerin ['glisәrin] 【甘油，丙三醇】Formic['fɔmik] acid 【甲酸】Chloroformate[ˏklɔ:rә'fɔ:meit]【氯甲酸脂】acetic [ə'sitik] acid 【乙酸】acetic anhydride[æn`haidraid] 【乙酸酐】trifluoroacetate [traifluәrә'æsiteit]【三氟乙酸酯（或盐）】anhydrous[æn`haidrɔs]【无水的】magnesium[mæg'ni:zjәm] sulfate['sʌlfeit]【硫酸镁】potassium[pә'tæsiәm] hydroxide [hai`drɔksaid]【氢氧化钾】sodium azide [`eizaid]【叠氮化钠】hydroxyl[hai`drɔksil] groups 【羟基】alkane['ælkein]【烷烃】alkene['ælki:n]【烯烃】alkyne['ælkain]【炔烃】halogen['hælәdʒәn]【卤素】halide['hælaid]【卤化物】fluorine['fluәri:n]【氟】fluorination[ˏflu:әri'neiʃәn]【氟代】chlorine['klɔ:ri:n]【氯】chlorination[ˏklɔ:ri'neiʃәn]【氯代】bromine['brәumi:n]【溴】bromination ['brәumineiʃәn]【溴代】iodine['aiәdain]【碘】iodination['aiәdineiʃәn]【碘代】linear['liniә]【直链的】sulfonation[ˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn]【磺化】chloromethylation[klɔ:rәˏmeθi'leiʃәn【氯甲基化】nitration[nai'treiʃәn]【硝化】reduction[ridʌkʃәn] 【还原】oxidation[ɔksi'deiʃәn] 【氧化】chlorosulfonation [ˏklәurәˏsʌlfә'neiʃәn]【氯磺化】alkylation [ˏælki'leiʃ(ә)n]【烷基化】acylation[ˏæsi'leiʃ(ә)n]【酰化作用】acrylic [ә'krilik] acid 【丙烯酸】phosphorus ['fɔsfәrәs] 【磷】phosphorous ['fɔsfәrәs] tribromide[trai'brәumaid]【三溴化磷】phosphorus oxychloride [ˏɔksi'klɔ:raid]【三氯氧磷】condensed sulfuric [sʌl'fjuәrik] acid【浓硫酸】fuming nitric ['naitrik] acid【发烟硝酸】poly phosphoric [fɔs'fɔrik] acid 【多聚磷酸】acid chloride【酰氯】amide ['æmaid]【酰胺】amine[ә`min] 【胺】ammonia ['æmәunjә]【氨（水）】oxime ['ɔksi:m]【肟】Methanol ['meθәnɔl]【甲醇】Methyl ['meθil]【甲基】Methoxyl [me'θɔksil]【甲氧基】Ethanol ['eθәnɔl]【乙醇】Ethyl ['eθil]【乙基】Triethylamine [traiˏeθәlә'mi:n]【三乙胺】aniline [`ænili:n]【苯胺】hydrazine [`haidrәˏzi:n]【肼】hydrazide [`haidrәˏzi:n]【酰肼】hydrazone [`haidrәˏzәun]【腙】nitrile [`naitrail]【腈】borane ['bәurein] 【硼烷】Sodium Hydrosulfite [ˏhaidrәu'sʌlfait]【连二亚硫酸钠、保险粉】sodium thiosulfate [ˏθaiәu'sʌlfeit]【硫代硫酸钠】Epoxide [e'pɔksaid]【环氧化物】Olefin ['әulәfin]【烯烃】Acetylene [ә'setili:n]【乙炔】Oxalic acid [ɔk'sælik]【草酸】Alkaline ['ælkәlain]【碱】Isocynate [aisәu'saiәneit]【异氰酸酯(或盐)】Isothiocynate [aisәuˏθaiәu'saiәneit]【异硫氰酸酯】Carbamate ['kɑ:bәmeit]【氨基甲酸酯(或盐)】Anisole ['æniˏsәul]【苯甲醚】Aziridine【氮杂环丙烷】epoxyethane [e'pɔksiθein]【环氧乙烷】Hypochlorite [ˏhaipәu'klɔ:rait] 【次氯酸盐】Enzyme ['enzaim]【酶】Guanine ['gwɑ:ni:n]【鸟嘌呤】Lead[li:d] acetate['æsiˏteit]【醋酸铅】Molecular [mәu'lekjulә]sieve[siv]【分子筛】Morphine['mɔ:fi:n]【吗啡】Cocaine[kә'kein]【可卡因】Morpholine['mɔ:fɔˏli:n]【吗啡啉】Nitromethane[ˏnaitrә'meθein]【硝基甲烷】Oligosaccharide[ˏɔligәu'sækәraid]【寡糖】Ortho-['ɔθә]【邻-，正-，原-】Meta-['metә]【间-, 偏-，次-】Para-['pærә]【对-，仲-，副-】Polymerization[ˏpɔlimәrai'zeiʃәn]【聚合】Phthalimide['θælimaid]【邻苯二甲酰亚胺】Selenium[si'li:niәm]【硒】Ultrasonication[ˏʌltrәˏsɔni'keiʃәn]【超声作用】Sulfonamide【sʌl'fɔnәmaid】【磺酰胺】Sulfonyl['sʌlfәnil]chloride【磺酰氯】Peptide ['peptaid]【肽】Barbituric [ˏbɑrbi`tjurik] acid【巴比妥酸】Thiocyanate[θaiәu'saiәneit]【硫氰酸酯】Thiolate ['θaiәuleit]【硫醇脂(或盐)】Transesterification [trænsәsˏterәfi'keiʃәn]【酯交换】Intramolecular [ˏintrәmә'lekjulә]【分子内的】Intermolecular [ˏintә:mә'lekjulә]【分子间的】Orthoformate[ˏɔθә'fɔmeit] 【原甲酸脂】Esterification[esˏterifi'keiʃәn]【酯化】Zinc[ziŋk] 【锌】triflate[trifleit]【三氟甲磺酸酯（或盐）】Bulky['bʌlki]【体积较大的】Quaternisation[kwɔtәnai'seiʃәn]【季铵盐化】Benzylic[ˏben'zilik]【苄基】benzyloxy [ˏbenzi'lɔksi]【苄氧基的】Carbanion ['kɑ:bәnaiәn]【碳负离子】Carbocation [ˏkɑ:bә'keiʃәn]【碳正离子】Dipole['daipәul]【偶极】Electron rich【富电子】Electron deficency【缺电子】Electron donating group【供电基】Electron withdrawing group【吸电基】Steroid['stirɔid]【甾族化合物】i-Propanol['prәupænәl]【异丙醇】n-Butanol['bjutәnәul]【正丁醇】benzoyl ['benzәuil] peroxide [pә'rɔksaid]【过氧化苯甲酰】sodium nitrite ['naitrait]【亚硝酸钠】diazonium [ˏdaiә'zәuniәm]salt【重氮盐】azomethane [ˏæzәu'meθein]【偶氮甲烷】phenyl ['fenəl]【苯基】salicylate [sæ'lisileit]【水杨酸酯（或盐）】nitromethane [ˏnaitrә'meθein]【硝基甲烷】benzoic [ben'zәuik] acid 【苯甲酸】anthranilic [ænθ'rәnilik] acid【邻氨基苯甲酸】benzyl ['benzil] 【苄基】toluene ['tɔljui:n] 【甲苯】xylene ['zaili:n]【二甲苯】cuprous ['kju:prәs] cyanide['saiәnaid]【氰化亚铜】Sodium Citrate ['sitrit]【柠檬酸钠】Dimethyl sulfide['sʌlfaid]【二甲硫醚】Brine [brain]【盐水】Triphenylphosphine [traiˏfenәl'fɔsfi:n] oxide ['ɔksaid] 【三苯氧磷】Phenol ['fi:nәl]【苯酚】Irradiation [iˏreidi'eiʃәn]【光照】Radical ['rædikәl] initiator [i'niʃieitә]【自由基引发剂】Decarboxylation [ˏdikɑ:ˏbɔksә'leiʃәn]【脱羧】Phosgene['fɔzdʒi:n]【光气】Triphosgene【三光气】Carbonic [kɑ:'bɔnik] acid 【碳酸】cadmium ['kædmiәm] oxide氧化镉calcium ['kælsiәm] chloride【氯化钙】Tin(II) chloride【二氯化锡】Nickel ['nikl] 镍Palladium [pә'leidiәm]【钯】Carbonyl ['kɑ:bәnil]【羰基】Carboxylic [ˏkɑ:bɔk'silik] 【羧基的】Organometallic[ˏɔ:gәnәumi'tælik]【有机金属的】quinoxaline [kwi'nɔksәli:n]【喹喔啉】quinoline ['kwinәli:n]【喹啉】isoquinoline【异喹啉】indole [' indәul]【吲哚】indazole ['indәzәul]【吲唑】carbazole ['kɑ:bәzәul]【咔唑】pyridine ['piridi:n]【吡啶】pyrimidine[piri'midi:n]【嘧啶】pyrrole ['piәrәul]【吡咯】pyrolidine[pi'rәuliˏdi:n] 【四氢吡咯】piperidine [pi'peridi:n]【哌啶】piperazine [pi'perәzi:n]【哌嗪】。
化学化工专业词汇
Aabscissa n. 横座标abundance n. 丰富, 充裕acceptor n. 接受体accumulator n. 储料器acetic acid n. 醋酸, 乙酸acknowledge v. &n. 致谢activation n. 活化acylation n. 酰化addition n. 加成反应adhesive n. 粘合剂advancement n. 进展，增长advantageous adj. 有利的aerosol n. 烟雾affinity n. 亲合力agent n. 试剂aldehyde n. 醛aldol n. 醛醇aliphatic acid n. 脂肪酸alkaline adj. 碱的alkaloid n. 生物碱alkane n. 烷烃alkene n. 烯烃alkylation n. 烃化, 烷基化alkyl halide n. 烷基卤, 卤烷alkyne n. 炔alphabetic adj. 依字母顺序ambiguity n. 模糊, 意义不明确amide n. 酰胺amine n. 胺amino acid n. 氨基酸amorphous adj. 无定形analogue n. 类似物anhydride n. 酸酐aniline n. 苯胺anion n. 阴离子anomaly n. 异常，反常antibiotics n. 抗菌素antifreezing agent n. 抗冻剂antioxidant n. 抗氧剂appreciable adj. 可估计的architect n. 建筑师, 设计师arene n. 芳烃aromatic adj. 芳香的aromatization n. 芳构化asymmetric adj. 不对称的autooxidation n. 自氧化awarenness n, 意识azeotrope n.共沸混合物azo dye n. 偶氮染料Bbackup n. /adj 备用设备base n. 碱, 基, 底beaker n. 烧杯benzene n. 苯biological degradation n. 生物降解biosynthesis vt. 生物合成bleach vt. 漂白bond n. 键branched chain n. 支链budget n. & v. 预算bubble-cap tower n. 泡罩塔buffer n. 缓冲,缓冲剂Ccarbanion n. 负碳离子, 阴碳离子carbene n. 碳烯, 卡宾carbide n. 碳化物, 碳化钙carbocation n. 正碳离子, 阳碳离子carbonyl group n. 羰基carboxy group n. 羧基carboxylic acid n. 羧酸carcinogenic adj. 致癌的β-carotene n. β胡萝卜素carrier n. 载体cartridge n. 软片暗盒catalysis n. 催化(作用) cation n. 阳离子cellulose n. 纤维素ceramic adj/n. 陶瓷(的) chemical shift n. 化学位移chirality n. 手性chlorination n. 氯化作用chlorohydrocarbon n. 氯代烃chromophore n. 发色团cis-trans isomer n. 顺反异构体classic adj. 经典的, 传统的cluster n. 蔟，一串，一束coherent adj. 黏附的，相干的(光学) coil n. 蛇管colorant n. 颜料，着色剂commodity n. 用品compensation n. 补偿competitive n. 竞争的complementary n. 补充的complex n. 络合物complication n. 复杂concerted reaction n. 协同反应condensation n. 缩合反应condiment n. 调味品conformation n. 构象conjugation n. 共轭construction n. 建设, 建筑consultant n. 顾问consumer n. 消耗container n. 容器containment n. 抑制cooler n. 冷却器corporate adj. 共同的correlate n. 相关的事物cosmetic n. 化妆品counteract vt. 抵消，抵抗coupling reaction n. 偶合反应covalent bond n. 共价键critical adj. 临界的cumulative adj. 累积的，累加的customary adj. 通常的, 常例的cycloparaffin n. 环烷烃Ddecolorant n. 脱色剂decolorize v. 脱色degradation n.降解dehydration n. 脱水作用dehydrogenation n. 脱氢作用delocalization n. 离域作用denatured alcohol n. 变性酒精denominator n. 分母derivation n. 衍生，由来derivative n. 衍生物desorption n. 解吸作用destructive distillation 分解蒸馏detergent n. 洗涤剂developer n. 显影剂dextrorotary adj. 右旋的diazonium salt n. 重氮盐diazotization n. 重氮化作用dielectric adj.不导电的，n.电介质dipole n. 偶极directory n. 地址录disclose vt. 揭露, 揭发discrete adj. 离散的，不连续的disposal vt. 排出, 处理director n. 定位基dissolve v.溶解distillation n. 蒸馏dominant adj. 支配的，统治的donor n. 给体drastic n. 激烈的, 猛烈的droplet n. 液滴dyestuff n. 染料Eelectrophilic reagent n. 亲电试剂electrophobic adj 疏电子的electronegative adj 电负性的electron withdrawing group n. 吸电子基electrostatic adj. 静电的elimination n. 消除反应emulsion n. 乳剂endothermic adj. 吸热的enantiomer n. 对映体enzyme n. 酶epoxy adj. 环氧化的essential oil n. (香)精油ester n. 酯esterification n. 酯化作用ethanol n. 乙醇ether n. 醚, 乙醚ethyl n. 乙基ethylene n. 乙烯ethynyl n. 乙炔基evaluation n. 评价，估价evaporation n. 蒸发excitation n. 激发态exothermic adj. 放热的extract vt. 萃取extrapolation n. 推断Ffermentation n. 发酵fiber n. 纤维filament n. 细丝，丝状体filter n.过滤器，滤色片flare v. & n. 闪耀, 闪烁flavoring n. 香剂, 调味剂fluorescent n. 荧光fore adj. 先时的, 前部的formaldehyde n. 甲醛fossil n. 化石fractional distillation n. 分馏free radical n. 自由基fumigant n. 熏蒸(消毒)剂functional group n. 官能团furan n. 呋喃Ggeneralization n. 一般(性), 普遍(性)genetic code n. 遗传密码geological adj. 地质(学)的geomatrical adj. 几何学的glacial acetic acid n. 冰醋酸glucose n. 葡萄糖glycerol n. 甘油, 丙三醇graphics n. 图，制图法Hhabituation n. 习惯作用, 毒瘾halogenation n. 卤化hazardous adj. 危险的, 有危害的herbicide n.除草剂heterocyclic compound n.杂环化合物heterogeneous adj. 非均相的, 多相的hexagon n. 六边形highlight n. 光线明亮处hold-up n. 塔储量, 容纳量homologous series n. 同系列hormone n. 激素humectant n. 润湿剂hybrid n. 杂化hydration n. 水合作用hydrogenation n. 氢化作用hydrolysis n. 水解hydrophobic adj. 疏水的hydroxyl group n. 羟基Iidealize vt. 理想化inasmuch as adv. 因为, 由于indicator n. 指示剂indiscriminate adj. 不加选择的indol n. 吲哚inductive effect n. 诱导效应ineffective adj. 无效的, 低效率的infrared spectroscopy n. 红外光谱ingenious adj. 坦率的, 天真的ingestion n. 吸收, 吸入inlet n. 进口, 入口insecticide n. 杀虫剂insulin n. 胰岛素integrate vt. 积分，使...一体化interchangeable adj. 可互换的intermediate n. 中间体ion n. 离子isoelectric point n. 等电点isomer n. 异构体Jjacket n. 套, 夹套justification n. 认为正当, 正当的理由Kketone n. 酮Llactic acid n. 乳酸leakage n. 泄漏lesser adj. 较小的, 更少的lime n. 石灰lining n. 衬里, 衬料, 衬套link vt. 连接，键合liquefy vt. 液化lubricating grease n. 润滑脂Mmanipulation n. 操作, 操纵manuscript n. 稿子, 手稿mass spectroscopy n. 质谱mechanism n. 机理, 历程medium n. 介质, 培养基metallurgical adj. 冶金(学)的methane n. 甲烷methnol n. 甲醇methodology n. 方法论micelle n. 胶粒microorganism n. 微生物migrate vi. 迁移miscible adj. 可溶混的modification n. 修饰monosaccharide n. 单糖multiplet n. 多重峰multiplicity n 多重性Nnaphthalene n. 萘nitration n. 硝化作用nitric acid n. 硝酸nitrile n. 腈noble adj. 贵重的, 惰性的nomenclacture n. 命名法noteworthy adj. 显著的nucleophile n. 亲核试剂nucleic acid n. 核酸neutralization n. 中和numerator n. (数学上) 分子nutrient n. 营养素, 养分Oobservable a. 可观察到的octane number n. 辛烷值olefin n. 烯烃optical activity n. 旋光性optics n. 光学optimum n. 最佳条件orbital n. 轨道organometallic compound 金属有机化合物originate vi./vt. 起源outermost adj. 最外层的，远离中心的overhead n. 塔顶馏出物overheat vt. 过热overlap vt. 重叠oxidation n. 氧化作用ozonide n. 臭氧化合物ozonolysis n. 臭氧分解Pparaffin n. 链烷烃, 石蜡peptide n. 肽peroxide n. 过氧化合物persistence n. 坚持, 固执pesticide n. 杀虫剂pharmaceuticals n. 药物phenol n. 苯酚phenoxide n. (苯)酚盐phenylsulfonic acid n. 苯磺酸phosphoric acid n. 磷酸photochemical reaction n. 光化学反应photochromism n. 光致变色photoconductivity n. 光电导性pigment n. 颜料pink n. 粉红色polyamide n. 聚酰胺polarization n. 极化作用polyhydric alcohol n. 多元醇polymerization n. 聚合作用precipitate vi. /n. 沉淀preservative n. 防腐剂prolong vt. 延长, 拖延propellant n. 推进剂prospective adj. 预期的, 有希望的protecting group n. 保护基purity n. 纯度pyridine n. 吡啶pyrolysis n. 热解pyrrole n. 吡咯Qquantify vt. 使量化，确定数量quaternary ammonium salt n. 季铵盐quench vt. 淬灭quinoline n. 喹啉Rracemization n. 外消旋作用reagent n. 试剂realization n. 实现recover vt. 回收recrystallization n. 重结晶rectifier n. 精馏器reduction n. 还原(作用)reflux n. 回流refract vt. 折射refrigerant n. 冷冻剂remainder n. 剩余物, 残余部分的replica n. 复制品，拷贝resolution n. 分辨, 拆开restrictive adj. 限制性的ribonucleic acid n. 核糖核酸(RNA) rigorous adj. 严厉(格)的Ssaccharin n. 糖精saponification n. 皂化(作用) screen n. 筛子, 屏幕seal n. 密封(垫) segment n. 部分, 链段selectivity n. 选择性settle vt. (使)沉淀, 澄清setup vt. 装置, 装配sewage n. 污水silica gel n. 硅胶singlet n. 单重峰skeleton n. 骨架solubility n. 溶解度solvant n. 溶剂化物solvent n. 溶剂, 有溶解力的sophistication n. 复杂spectroscopy n. 光谱spin-spin coupling n. 自旋-自旋偶合stabilization n. 稳定作用stereoisom erism n. 立体异构现象steric factors n. 位阻因素, 空间因素still pot n.蒸馏釜stoichiometric adj. 化学计算的straightforward adj.一直向前, 正直的substituent n. 取代基substitution reaction n. 取代反应sucrose n. 蔗糖sulfa drug n. 磺胺药sulfonation n.磺化作用sulfuric acid n. 硫酸supervisor n. 导师, 监督人, 主管人suspension n. 悬浮液sweetener n. 增甜剂symmetry n. 对称性symposium n. 座谈会syn addition n. 顺式加成Ttar n. 焦油(沥青)tartaric acid n. 酒石酸tautom erism n. 互变异构现象terpene n. 萜烯tertiary adj. 叔的, 第三的tetrahedron n. 四面体thiazole n. 噻唑thiophene n. 噻吩toluene n. 甲苯toxicity n. 毒性transesterification n. 酯交换反应transition state n. 过渡状态tray n. 盘, 分馏塔盘triplet n. 三重峰trivial adj. 轻微的Uultraviolet-visible spectroscopy n. 紫外-可见光谱unify vt. 统一urea n. 尿素Vvalidate vt. 使生效vaporize vt.蒸发versatile adj. 多方面的vice versa adj. 反之也然vinegar n. 醋violate vt. 破坏，侵害Wwhereas conj. 而, 却, 鉴于withdraw vt. 拉, 提取, 取出withdrawal n. 收回，撤回Xxerography n. 静电复印法Yyeast n. 酵母Zzymochemistry n. 酶化学。
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化学专业词汇集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-普通化学术语中英文对照表原子atom原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron(abbr.e)离子ion[an]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular[mlekjl]单质element化合物compound纯净物puresubstance/chemicalsubstance混合物mixture相对原子质量relativeatomicmass(abbr.Ar)相对分子质量relativemolecularmass(abbr.Mr)化学式量relativeformulamass物质的量amountofsubstance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadroconstant(abbr.NA)摩尔mole摩尔质量molarmass实验式/最简式/经验式empiricalformula气体摩尔体积molarvolume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’sLaw 溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volumeconcentration浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemicalequation 反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali(referstosolublebases)盐salt酸式盐acidsalt离子方程式ionicequation结晶水waterofcrystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidationnumber氧化还原反应redoxreaction氧化反应oxidationreaction还原反应reductionreaction歧化反应disproportionationreaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportiona tion)reaction氧化剂oxidisingagent还原剂reducingagent电子层(壳)(electron)shell电离能ionisationenergy(abbr..)第一，第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc.ionisation energy(abbr.1st,2nd,3rd,etc..)电子亲和能electronaffinityenergy(abbr..)屏蔽效应electronicshielding(screening)原子轨道atomicorbital电子云electroncloud电子亚层sub-shell能层layer能级energylevel电子排布electronconfiguration电子云重叠shelloverlap洪特规则Hund’srule泡利原理Pauliexclusionprinciple 基态groundstate激发态excitedstate跃迁transition手性chirality[kai-]化学键chemicalbond键长bondlength键级bondorder键角bondangle键能bondenthalpies离子键ionicbond供体donor受体acceptor静电吸引electrostaticattraction 巨型离子结构giantionicstructure 共价键covalent[k'velnt]bond巨型共价结构giantcovalentstructure共用电子对sharedpair/bondingpair 孤对电子lonepair/non-bondingpair σ键σ-bondπ键π-bond δ键δ-bond非极性共价键non-polarbond配位键dipolarbond/dativecovalentbond/co ordinatebond电负性electronegativity极性polarity偶极子dipole分子间作用力intermolecularforces 氢键hydrogenbond范德华力vanderWaal’sforce色散力dispersionforce诱导力inductionforce取向力orientationforce/dipole-dipoleforce金属键metallicbond离域delocalisation[di:,luklai'zein]延展性malleability[,ml'blti]可锻性ductility[dk'tlt]导电性electricalconductivity 合金alloy元素周期表thePeriodicTable周期period族group原子序数protonnumber同位素isotope[astp]核素nuclide['njuklad]同量异位素isobar['as()bɑ]金属metal非金属nonmetal碱金属alkalimetal碱土金属alkalineearthmetal卤素halogen稀有气体noblegas元素周期律periodictrends活泼active稳定noble分解反应decompositionreaction 化合反应combination(synthesis)reaction 取代反应displacementreaction 复分解反应saltmetathesis[mtθsis]reaction/d oublereplacement(displacement)rea ction沉淀precipitation[pr,sp'te()n]官能团functionalgroup碳氢化合物/烃hydrocarbon饱和烃saturatedhydrocarbon不饱和烃unsaturatedhydrocarbon脂肪烃aliphatic[,l'ftk]hydrocarbon脂环烃alicyclic['saklk; ]hrdrocarbon同系物homologous[h'mlgs]series异构现象isomerism['aismrizm]同分异构体isomeride[ai'smraid]同素异形体allotropy/allotropism 分子式molecularformula通式generalformula结构式displayedformula结构简式structuralformula键线式skeletalformula均裂homolyticfission异裂heterolyticfission亲核试剂nucleophile['njuklifail]亲电子试剂electrophile加成反应additionreaction加水加成hydrationreaction加成聚合反应additionpolymerisation聚合物polymer单体monomer链节repeatunit缩合聚合反应condensationreaction 缩聚物condensationpolymer取代反应substitutionreaction脱水dehydration水解hydrolysis卤代反应halogenationreaction酯化反应esterificationreaction 亲核取代nucleophilicsubstitution 消去反应eliminationreaction裂化反应cracking(reaction)石油分馏fractionaldistillation 燃烧combustion发酵fermentation氟氯烃chlorofluorocarbons产率percentageyield原子利用率atomeconomy红外光谱学infraredspectroscopy质谱分析massspectroscopy光谱spectrum挥发性volatility冷凝回流reflux反应机理reactionmechanism能量守恒定律lawofconservationofenergy热力学thermodynamic[θ:mudai-]焓enthalpy(abbr.H)[en'θlpi]焓变enthalpychange(abbr.ΔH)标准焓standardenthalpychange(abbr.ΔH)标准反应焓standardenthalpychange(abbr.ΔHr)燃烧热heatofcombustion标准燃烧焓standardenthalpychangeofcombustio n(abbr.ΔHc)标准生成焓standardenthalpychangeofformation (abbr.ΔHf)放热反应exothermic[eksu-]reaction 吸热反应endothermicreaction热化学方程式thermochemical[θ:mu-]equation活化能activationenergy(abbe.Ea)比热容specificheatcapacity键焓bondenthalpy平均键焓averagebondenthalpy盖斯定律Hess’law有效碰撞理论collisiontheory反应速率rateofreaction/reactionrate反应动力学reactionkinetics催化剂catalyst催化作用catalysis酶enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律theBoltzmanndistribution化学平衡(chemical)equilibrium[i:kwi-]可逆反应reversiblereaction动态平衡dynamicequilibrium平衡常数chemicalequilibriumconstant浓度幂concentrationpower平衡移动shiftofequilibriumstate 吉布斯自由能Gibbsfreeenergy(abbr.ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程theArrhenius[ri:nis]Equation自发反应spontaneous[spnteinis]reaction熵entropy(abbr.ΔS)温室效应greenhouseeffect吸附作用adsorption绿色化学greenchemistry溶解度solubility离子反应ionicreaction电离ionisation电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionisationequilibrium电离常数ionisationconstant离子积ion-productconstant氢离子浓度指数hydrogenionconcentration(abbr.pHf romFrenchpotentield'hydrogène)溶解平衡dissolutionequilibrium[ds'lu()n] ekw溶度积solubilityproduct原电池galvanic(voltaic)cell[gl'vnk]盐桥saltbridge电极electrode正极/阳极anode负极/阴极cathode标准电极电势standardelectrodepotential(abbr.E 0)干电池drycell 一次电池primarycell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池secondarycell/storagebattery充电charge放电discharge燃料电池fuelcell电解electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolyticcell电镀galvanisation[,ɡlvnai'zein]电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀galvaniccorrosion分子空间构型moleculargeometries 杂化hybrid轨道orbital晶格lattice晶体crystal晶胞crystalstructure堆积作用sedimentation[,sedmn'ten]常见元素氢hydrogen(abbr.H)['haidrdn]氦helium(abbr.He)['hi:lim]锂lithium(abbr.Li)['liθim]硼boron(abbr.B)['b:rn]碳carbon(abbr.C)['kɑ:bn]氮nitrogen(abbr.N)['naitrdn]氧oxygen(abbr.O)['ksidn]氟fluorine(abbr.F)['fluri:n]氖neon(abbr.Ne)['ni:n]钠sodium(abbr.Na)['sudim]镁magnesium(abbr.Mg)铝aluminum(abbr.Al)[,lminim]硅silicon(abbr.Si)['silikn]磷phosphorus(abbr.P)['fsfrs]硫sulfur(abbr.S)['slf]氯chlorine(abbr.Cl)['kl:ri:n]氩argon(abbr.Ar)['ɑ:ɡn]钾potassium(abbr.K)[ptsim]钙calcium(abbr.Ca)[klsim]钛titanium(abbr.Ti)[tai'teinim]铬chromium(abbr.Cr)['krumjm]锰manganese(abbr.Mn)[mɡni:z]铁iron(abbr.Fe)['an]钴cobalt(abbr.Co)[ku'b:lt]镍nickel(abbr.Ni)['nikl]铜copper(abbr.Cu)['kp]锌zinc(abbr.Zn)[zik]砷arsenic(abbr.As)['ɑ:snik]溴bromine(abbr.Br)['brumi:n]银silver(abbr.Ag)['silv]锡tin(abbr.Sn)[tin]碘iodine(abbr.I)氙xenon['zenn]钡barium(abbr.Ba)['berim]钨tungsten(abbr.W)[tstn]铂platinum(abbr.Pt)['pltinm]金gold(abbr.Au)[ɡuld]汞mercury(abbr.Hg)['m:kjuri]铅lead(abbr.Pb)[led]常见单质氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石diamond['daimnd]石墨graphite['grfait]臭氧ozone['uzun]红磷redphosphorus白磷whitephosphorus常见根离子(commonradicals)氢化的hydride['haidraid]硼酸boric(acid)['bret]碳化的carbide['ka:baid]碳酸carbonic[kɑ'bnk] (acid)adj. carbonate碳酸氢根bicarbonate/hydrogencarbonate氮化的nitride['naitraid]叠氮化的azide['zaid]硝酸nitric(acid)亚硝酸nitrous['natrs] (acid)氧化的oxide['ksaid]二氧化的dioxide[dai-']三氧化的trioxide[tra'ksad]过氧根peroxy(radical)adj. peroxide[p'ksaid]超氧化的superoxide[sjup'ksaid]氢氧根hydroxyl[hai'drksil](radical)adj. hydroxide水合氢离子hydronium 氟化的fluoride偏铝酸meta-aluminic[met'ljuminik](acid)adj. meta-aluminate['ljumnet]四羟基合铝酸hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drksil-'](acid)硅酸silicic['silisik](acid)磷酸phosphoric(acid)磷酸二氢根dihydrogenphosphate磷酸氢根hydrogenphosphate硫化的sulfide硫氢根bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogensul phide硫酸sulphuric(acid)硫酸氢根bisulphate/hydrogensulphate亚硫酸sulphurous(acid)亚硫酸氢根bisulphite/hydrogensulphite硫代硫酸根thiosulphate[θaiu-']焦硫酸根persulphate[p:-']氯化的chloride['klraid]氢氯酸/盐酸hydrochloric(acid)高氯酸perchloric(acid)氯酸chloric(acid)亚氯酸chlorous(acid)次氯酸hypochlorous(acid)溴化的bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的iodide['aidaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的halide铵根ammonium[munim]高锰酸根permanganate锰酸根manganate氰根cyanide['sainaid]硫氰根thiocyanate[θaiusaineit]铬酸根chromate重铬酸根dichromate 常见无机化合物(commoninorganiccompounds)氢化钠sodiumhydride氨ammonia/azane[-]硅烷silane[si-]磷化氢phosphine硫化氢hydrogensulphide氮化镁magnesiumnitride四氧化三铁iron(II,III)oxide二氟化氧oxygendifluoride氯化氢hydrogenchloride氯化亚铁iron(II)chloride/ferrouschloride 氯化铁iron(III)chloride/ferricchloride 氯化亚锡tin(II)chloride/stannouschloride 四羟基合铝酸钠sodiumaluminate磷酸二氢钠monosodiumphosphate磷酸氢二钠disodiumphosphate氯化铵ammoniumchloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠sodiumhydrosulphide系统命名法(chemicalnomenclature)一mono-二di-三tri-四tetra-五penta-六hexa-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-烷烃alkane(preffixalkyl-,suffix-ane)甲meth-乙eth-丙prop-丁but-戊pent-己hex-庚hept-辛oct-壬non-癸dec-十一undec-十二dodec-十三tridec-十四tetradec-十五pentadec-十六hexadec-十七heptadec-十八octadec-十九nonadec-二十eicos-三十triacont-四十tetracont-五十prntacont-正构型normal-(n-)异构型iso-(i-)新构型neo-(n-)聚poly-烷基alkyl甲基methyl(abbr.Me)乙基ethyl(abbr.Et)丙基propyl(abbr.Pr)环烷烃cycloalkane(preffix-cyclo,suffix-ane)烯烃alkene(preffixalkenyl-,suffix-ene)二烯烃allene(suffix-adiene)环烯烃cycloalkene(preffixcyclo-,suffix-ene)炔烃alkyne(preffixalkynyl-,suffix-yne)顺式异构preffixcis-(Z-)反式异构preffixtrans-(E-)苯基phenyl(abbr.Ph) (preffixphenyl-,suffix-benzene)苄基benzyl(abbr.Bn) (preffixbenzyl-,suffix-toluene)醇alcohol(preffixhydroxy-,suffix-ol)带卤素的化合物halogens (preffixfluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮ketone(preffixoxo-,suffix-one)醛aldehyde(preffixoxo-,suffix-alornot includedincarbonchainpreffixformy l-,suffix-carbaldehyde)羧酸carboxylic[ka:bk'silik](acid)adj. carboxylate(suffix-oicacid)羧基carboxyl(preffixcarboxyl-,suffix-oicacidormultiplegroupssuffix-di,tri,tetracarbonylacid)乙酸根carboxylradical(abbr.Ac)醚ether(suffix-aneand-oxy)脂ester(preffixR-oxycarbonyl-, suffix-oicacid/-oate)胺和酰胺amine(preffixamino-,suffix-amineoraccordingtopositionof Natomwithpre/suffix-N-)andamide(preffixcarbamoyl-andamido-,suffix–amideand-carboxamideoraccordingtopositiono fNatomwithpre/suffix-N-)氨基amino酰胺基amido磺酸sulphonic(acid)(preffixsulpho-,suffix-sulphonicacid)腈nitrile(preffixcyano-,suffix-nitrile)酚phenol/carbolicacid常见有机化合物(commonorganiccompounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr.Hln/phph) [finlf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromophenoblue百里酚蓝thymolblue甲基橙methylorange龙胆紫gentianviolet氯仿chloroform 异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene[mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr.PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methylpropanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoicacid/formicacid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoicacid/aceticacid 乙二酸/草酸oxalicacid丙酸/初油酸propanoicacid/propionicacid丁酸/酪酸butanoicacid/butyricacid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoicacid/palmiticacid硬脂酸octadecanoicacid/stearicacid硬脂酸钠sodiumstearate柠檬酸citricacid柠檬酸钠sodiumcitrate乳酸lacticacid乳酸钠sodiumlactate葡萄糖酸gluconicacid氨基酸aminoacid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleicacid(abbr.RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid(abbr.DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose磺酸sulphonic(acid)adj. sulphonate(preffixsulpho-,suffix-sulphonicacid)腈nitrile(preffixcyano-,suffix-nitrile)酚phenol/carbolicacid 常见有机化合物(commonorganiccompounds)酚酞phenolphthalein(abbr.Hln/phph)[fi nlf'θeili:n]石蕊litmus溴酚蓝bromophenoblue百里酚蓝thymolblue甲基橙methylorange龙胆紫gentianviolet氯仿chloroform异戊二烯isoprene月桂烯myrcene[mair'si:n]聚乙烯polythene聚氯乙烯poly(chloroethene)(abbr.PVC)聚丙烯polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon晴纶orlon二甲醚methoxymethane苯酚phenol乙酸乙酯methylpropanoate甲酸/蚁酸methanoicacid/formicacid 乙酸/醋酸ethanoicacid/aceticacid 乙二酸/草酸oxalicacid丙酸/初油酸propanoicacid/propionicacid丁酸/酪酸butanoicacid/butyricacid 软脂酸/棕榈酸hexadecanoicacid/palmiticacid硬脂酸octadecanoicacid/stearicacid硬脂酸钠sodiumstearate柠檬酸citricacid柠檬酸钠sodiumcitrate乳酸lacticacid乳酸钠sodiumlactate葡萄糖酸gluconicacid氨基酸aminoacid葡萄糖glucose果糖fructose半乳糖galactose核糖ribose脱氧核糖desoxyribose核糖核酸rebonucleicacid(abbr.RNA)脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleicacid(abbr.DNA)麦芽糖maltose蔗糖sucrose曲颈瓶retort[ri'-]表面皿watchglass石棉网asbestos[s'bests]gauze 玻璃棒glassrod/stirringrod/stirrod 铁架台ironstand滴定管burette/buret泥三角pipeclaytriangle启普发生器Kipp'sapparatus/Kippgenerator 酒精喷灯alcoholblastburner坩埚钳tong坩埚pot索氏提取器Soxhletextractor冷凝管coldfinger称量瓶weighingbottle。