1_1基本拧紧技术
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– – – – – Fm P μg d2 Dkm = 夹紧力clamping force = 螺距pitch of thread = 螺纹副摩擦系数friction value in thread = 螺栓直径diameter bolt =螺栓头表面尺寸 size of surface bolt (nut)-head = 螺栓头表面摩擦系数fricition value surface bolt-head
半线性区Semi-elastic area.
ΔT Δα
角度Angle
塑变区Plastic zone.
寻帽Finding 快速旋进Run down
最终扭紧Final
螺栓标识The Bolt Marking System
Manufacturer First figure = 1/100 of min tensile stress (N/mm2) 100* 8 = 800 N/mm2
生产商Manufacturer
第一个数 = 1/100 的最小抗拉强度 (N/mm2)
.
tensile stress
100×8 = 800 N/mm2
第二个数 =屈服强度与最小抗拉强度之间的关系
Relationship between yield point and tensile stress
0.8 = 80% 公制螺纹thread 两数相乘得出屈服应力Yield 800×0.8 = 640 N/mm2
寻帽Fastener finding (Search socket) 快速旋进Run down 最终扭紧Final
扭矩Torque 屈服点yield point 塑变区Plastic zone 线性区Elastic area 斜率constant slope
线性区Elastic area.
31
螺栓分级
Screw quality classification With torque indications
32
推荐力矩值
Recommended torque levels
33
螺栓连接的分级joint classification
CATEGORY ASSEMBLY CRITICITY Example NEEDS 1- TO ASSURE A CORRECT TORQUE Sun roof, plastic protection 2 - TO ASSURE THAT ALL SCREWS ARE TIGHTENED AT CORRECT TORQUE 3 - TO ASSURE THAT THE JOINT IS CORRECT Gear box fixture, Engine fixture 4 - TO ASSURE THAT ALL SCREWS ARE TIGHTENED AND ALL JOINTS ARE CORRECT
13
施加100%扭矩，夹紧力的结果Applied Torque (100%) and resulting Clamp Force…
‘正常情况Normal conditions’
扭矩Torque 夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
10%
100 % 50% 40%
30°
Hard Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小于30°Tightening angle below
扭矩Torque (Nm)
目标Target
啮合点Snug level
<30
角度Angle (degrees)
软连接Soft joint
软连接
扭矩Torque (Nm)
目标Target
Soft Joint
21
扭矩和夹紧力的关系torque and clamp force
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
0%
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
50 %
50 %
50%
生锈的螺栓rusty bolt
22
50%
硬连接Hard joint
硬连接
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小大于720°
Tightening angle above 720°
啮合点Snug level
角度Angle (degrees)
over 720
Real joints
硬连接
30°
Hard Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小于30°Tightening angle below
很少连接是硬连接Very few joints are below 30°
屈服点Yield point = %抗拉强度of tensile strength
(弹性区域的终点 The ‘end point’ of elastic range)
失效Failure
角度Angular displacement
螺栓扭紧过程定义Tightening cycle
基本定义definition：
!
6
基本拧紧技术Basic tightening technique
• • • •
• • •
什么是连接What is a joint? 部件Parts 不同的连接Different joint types 不同的负载Different loads
扭矩、摩擦力和加紧力Torque, friction and clamp force 连接类型Joint types 抗拉强度和屈服点Tensile stress and yield point
• •
螺栓标记Bolt marking 螺栓分级Screw classifications
7
什么是连接
What is a joint?
螺栓Screw
连接件Joining parts
螺母Nut
连接受到不同的外力The joint is exposed to different external forces
3
生产过程中的几种装配方法assembly
• • • • 焊接 粘接 铆接 用螺丝和螺栓拧紧
4
哪种装配方法最普遍？Which one is most common
• • • • 焊接 粘接 铆接 用螺丝和螺栓拧紧
?
5
使用螺丝和螺栓拧紧！Advantages with screws and bolts!
软连接
720°
Soft Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小大于720° Tightening angle above
很少连接是软连接Very few joints are above 720°
绝大多数是中性连接Most joints are between 30 and 720°
为什么这样定义Why do we have these definitions?
40%
17
改变摩擦力 – 加润滑friction change-lubrication
螺纹里的润滑lubrication
18
扭矩和夹紧力的关系torque and clamp force
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
20 % 30 %
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
1 0
螺纹紧固件
Threaded fasteners - Torque
夹紧力是我们的目标，但是很难测量，而扭矩很容易测量
Clamp force is what we aim at but it is difficult to be measured. Torque is easy to measure and to apply
Second figure = relation between tensile stress and yield 0,8 = 80%
Multiply the two figures to get the yield point 800* 0,8 = 640 N/mm2
30
螺栓标识The Bolt Marking System
STANDARD
失效不影响设备功能
8
这种情况必须避免This must be avoided!
9
The thread creates the clamp force that holds the joint together
• Turning the nut or screw stretches the screw • The stretching of the screw clamps the parts together • The clamp force in the joint is the target of all tightening
过拧紧Overshoot and Mean shift
T 过拧紧Overshoot
Target Hard Soft
中间飘移Mean Shift
贴合面
Snug level
Angle (φ )
27
抗拉强度和屈服点Tensile strength and yield point
强度Stress
抗拉强度Tensile strength
目的与概要Purpose
• 掌握以下几个要点，并能与客户就生产中的相关问题进行解释， 为客户提供正确的工具和方案作指导 • 内容Content
– 螺纹紧固件thread joint – 什么是连接件？joint – 扭矩，摩擦力和夹紧力的关系torque, friction and clamp force – 关于扭紧的几个基本概念tightening conception – 抗拉强度和屈服点tensile stress and yield
施加的扭矩The applied torque is measured
夹紧力是我们的目标Clamp force
is our target
1 1
直接测量夹紧力的方法the way to measure clamp force
12
为了拧紧螺栓, 必须施加力以便拧紧螺母/螺丝
The applied torque is must
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
50 – 40 – 10 规则
541rule
螺栓头下摩擦力 Screw head friction 50%
产生夹紧力
Clamp Force
10%
90% 的扭矩用于克 服摩擦力
螺纹副中
Friction in the threads
40%
扭矩
100%
• Dkm = (dw + dh)/2
– μk
16
改变摩擦力 –塑料垫圈friction change-plastic washer
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
20 % 40 %
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
40 %
塑料垫圈plastic washer 40%
50 %
50%
螺纹里加润滑lubrication
Biblioteka Baidu19
30%
摩擦力减小会导致...friction decrease
20 %
30 % 50 %
...过拧！Over clamp force
20
改变摩擦力 – 生锈的螺栓friction change-rusty bolt
生锈的螺栓rusty bolt
15
夹紧力取决于扭矩和其他因素-摩擦力
Clamping force is dependent of torque and other factors – mainly friction
• Fm= T/ (0.16P + (μg * 0.58 * d2) + ((Dkm/2) * μk)) 螺距Pitch 螺纹副Thread 螺栓头Head • 定义Definitions
But why? • • • • • • 设计简单Simplicity of design 零部件标准化Standardized 装配简单，拆卸方便（可逆）Easy assembly and disassembly 效率高High productivity 成本低COST efficient 可控（螺栓张力可控）well controlled
基本拧紧技术
Basic tightening technique
1
内容安排
时间 13:30-14:15 14:15-15:00 15:00-15:15 15:15-16:00 16:00-17:00
2
内容 基本拧紧技术 扭矩与夹紧力 休息 拧紧策略 动静态扭矩
人员 All All All All All
半线性区Semi-elastic area.
ΔT Δα
角度Angle
塑变区Plastic zone.
寻帽Finding 快速旋进Run down
最终扭紧Final
螺栓标识The Bolt Marking System
Manufacturer First figure = 1/100 of min tensile stress (N/mm2) 100* 8 = 800 N/mm2
生产商Manufacturer
第一个数 = 1/100 的最小抗拉强度 (N/mm2)
.
tensile stress
100×8 = 800 N/mm2
第二个数 =屈服强度与最小抗拉强度之间的关系
Relationship between yield point and tensile stress
0.8 = 80% 公制螺纹thread 两数相乘得出屈服应力Yield 800×0.8 = 640 N/mm2
寻帽Fastener finding (Search socket) 快速旋进Run down 最终扭紧Final
扭矩Torque 屈服点yield point 塑变区Plastic zone 线性区Elastic area 斜率constant slope
线性区Elastic area.
31
螺栓分级
Screw quality classification With torque indications
32
推荐力矩值
Recommended torque levels
33
螺栓连接的分级joint classification
CATEGORY ASSEMBLY CRITICITY Example NEEDS 1- TO ASSURE A CORRECT TORQUE Sun roof, plastic protection 2 - TO ASSURE THAT ALL SCREWS ARE TIGHTENED AT CORRECT TORQUE 3 - TO ASSURE THAT THE JOINT IS CORRECT Gear box fixture, Engine fixture 4 - TO ASSURE THAT ALL SCREWS ARE TIGHTENED AND ALL JOINTS ARE CORRECT
13
施加100%扭矩，夹紧力的结果Applied Torque (100%) and resulting Clamp Force…
‘正常情况Normal conditions’
扭矩Torque 夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
10%
100 % 50% 40%
30°
Hard Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小于30°Tightening angle below
扭矩Torque (Nm)
目标Target
啮合点Snug level
<30
角度Angle (degrees)
软连接Soft joint
软连接
扭矩Torque (Nm)
目标Target
Soft Joint
21
扭矩和夹紧力的关系torque and clamp force
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
0%
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
50 %
50 %
50%
生锈的螺栓rusty bolt
22
50%
硬连接Hard joint
硬连接
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小大于720°
Tightening angle above 720°
啮合点Snug level
角度Angle (degrees)
over 720
Real joints
硬连接
30°
Hard Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小于30°Tightening angle below
很少连接是硬连接Very few joints are below 30°
屈服点Yield point = %抗拉强度of tensile strength
(弹性区域的终点 The ‘end point’ of elastic range)
失效Failure
角度Angular displacement
螺栓扭紧过程定义Tightening cycle
基本定义definition：
!
6
基本拧紧技术Basic tightening technique
• • • •
• • •
什么是连接What is a joint? 部件Parts 不同的连接Different joint types 不同的负载Different loads
扭矩、摩擦力和加紧力Torque, friction and clamp force 连接类型Joint types 抗拉强度和屈服点Tensile stress and yield point
• •
螺栓标记Bolt marking 螺栓分级Screw classifications
7
什么是连接
What is a joint?
螺栓Screw
连接件Joining parts
螺母Nut
连接受到不同的外力The joint is exposed to different external forces
3
生产过程中的几种装配方法assembly
• • • • 焊接 粘接 铆接 用螺丝和螺栓拧紧
4
哪种装配方法最普遍？Which one is most common
• • • • 焊接 粘接 铆接 用螺丝和螺栓拧紧
?
5
使用螺丝和螺栓拧紧！Advantages with screws and bolts!
软连接
720°
Soft Joint
拧紧到目标扭矩角度小大于720° Tightening angle above
很少连接是软连接Very few joints are above 720°
绝大多数是中性连接Most joints are between 30 and 720°
为什么这样定义Why do we have these definitions?
40%
17
改变摩擦力 – 加润滑friction change-lubrication
螺纹里的润滑lubrication
18
扭矩和夹紧力的关系torque and clamp force
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
20 % 30 %
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
1 0
螺纹紧固件
Threaded fasteners - Torque
夹紧力是我们的目标，但是很难测量，而扭矩很容易测量
Clamp force is what we aim at but it is difficult to be measured. Torque is easy to measure and to apply
Second figure = relation between tensile stress and yield 0,8 = 80%
Multiply the two figures to get the yield point 800* 0,8 = 640 N/mm2
30
螺栓标识The Bolt Marking System
STANDARD
失效不影响设备功能
8
这种情况必须避免This must be avoided!
9
The thread creates the clamp force that holds the joint together
• Turning the nut or screw stretches the screw • The stretching of the screw clamps the parts together • The clamp force in the joint is the target of all tightening
过拧紧Overshoot and Mean shift
T 过拧紧Overshoot
Target Hard Soft
中间飘移Mean Shift
贴合面
Snug level
Angle (φ )
27
抗拉强度和屈服点Tensile strength and yield point
强度Stress
抗拉强度Tensile strength
目的与概要Purpose
• 掌握以下几个要点，并能与客户就生产中的相关问题进行解释， 为客户提供正确的工具和方案作指导 • 内容Content
– 螺纹紧固件thread joint – 什么是连接件？joint – 扭矩，摩擦力和夹紧力的关系torque, friction and clamp force – 关于扭紧的几个基本概念tightening conception – 抗拉强度和屈服点tensile stress and yield
施加的扭矩The applied torque is measured
夹紧力是我们的目标Clamp force
is our target
1 1
直接测量夹紧力的方法the way to measure clamp force
12
为了拧紧螺栓, 必须施加力以便拧紧螺母/螺丝
The applied torque is must
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
50 – 40 – 10 规则
541rule
螺栓头下摩擦力 Screw head friction 50%
产生夹紧力
Clamp Force
10%
90% 的扭矩用于克 服摩擦力
螺纹副中
Friction in the threads
40%
扭矩
100%
• Dkm = (dw + dh)/2
– μk
16
改变摩擦力 –塑料垫圈friction change-plastic washer
夹紧力Clamp Force
螺栓头摩擦力Screw head friction
20 % 40 %
螺纹副摩擦力Friction in the threads
40 %
塑料垫圈plastic washer 40%
50 %
50%
螺纹里加润滑lubrication
Biblioteka Baidu19
30%
摩擦力减小会导致...friction decrease
20 %
30 % 50 %
...过拧！Over clamp force
20
改变摩擦力 – 生锈的螺栓friction change-rusty bolt
生锈的螺栓rusty bolt
15
夹紧力取决于扭矩和其他因素-摩擦力
Clamping force is dependent of torque and other factors – mainly friction
• Fm= T/ (0.16P + (μg * 0.58 * d2) + ((Dkm/2) * μk)) 螺距Pitch 螺纹副Thread 螺栓头Head • 定义Definitions
But why? • • • • • • 设计简单Simplicity of design 零部件标准化Standardized 装配简单，拆卸方便（可逆）Easy assembly and disassembly 效率高High productivity 成本低COST efficient 可控（螺栓张力可控）well controlled
基本拧紧技术
Basic tightening technique
1
内容安排
时间 13:30-14:15 14:15-15:00 15:00-15:15 15:15-16:00 16:00-17:00
2
内容 基本拧紧技术 扭矩与夹紧力 休息 拧紧策略 动静态扭矩
人员 All All All All All