现代英语词汇学

Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
4. 单音节动词和短语动词 接到来函后，不到十分钟，我就骑马动身了。 到达坎特布雷，换乘四轮马车进镇，但一场 雨把我浑身淋湿，患了重感冒，一时不能痊 愈。大约中午到达财务委员会，要做的第一 件事，就是刮脸换衣。不久，打听到在委员 会前树碑的内情。可是我尚未接到通知， 不 过从送信者口中获悉翌日上午会有通知的。
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用 1. 形式否定，意义肯定
His escape was nothing short of miraculous. （简直可以说） He is little short of a genius. （简直可以说）
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用
2. 形式肯定， 意义否定 The chains of habit are too strong to be broken. The decision is anything but final. I will do anything but that. (= I will never do that.)
பைடு நூலகம்
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用
3. 双重否定
He is too wise not to know it. = He is so wise that he surely knows it. He is too much a man of the world not to know better. = he is so world-wise that he knows what to do and what not to do.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用
4. 否定的强调表示法
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
2. 副词
There: 在引起注意，增强语气时不同场合表示的意 义。 1.There comes the very man you are looking for. 2.There is a fine fellow! 真是个好人！ 3.I am not sorry I said it, so there. 我这样说不感到后悔，你拿我怎么样？ 4.There， there, don’t worry about that. (表安慰）
2.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
II. 注意动词的微妙用法
1. 2. She is under contract to star in two films a year. (扮演主角） Have you seen any movies staring Woody Allen. （以…为主演的）
现代英语词汇学
Modern English Lexicology
Unit 10
小词的使用和理解
内容提要
注意小词的特殊用法、注意动词的微妙用法 注意否定的应用、注意时髦词的用法 注意抽象词的用法、注意形象比喻的应用
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法 小词：短小精悍的常用词，其中大部分是单音节动词和小品
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
II. 注意动词的微妙用法
Supplementary： 及物与不及物
1.The two convicts escaped from the van on the way back to the prison. 2.Noting can escape his sharp eyes.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
短语动词
catch on = comprehend keep on = continue (OF r. continuer) look into = investigate put off = postpone put up with = to tolerate (L. tolerare)
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
3. 连接词
以and 为例：
1. 2. 3. He can express his ideas in English, and (that) effectively. 补充语义 Persevere, and you will succeed. 连接一句祈使句 和一句陈述句 They refused to sign the agreement—— and that’s not surprising —— which put us in an awkward position. 用于插入语中的评语
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用 1. 形式否定，意义肯定
Why not try again? Why don’t you take the matter with him. Nothing like jogging as a means of exercise. 锻炼身体的最好的办法是跑步。 He did nothing but grumble. Nothing but socialism can save China.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I. 注意小词的特殊用法 关于-ly 副词
A grenade thrown from the tower burst harmlessly on the ground. 炮楼里扔出了一颗手榴弹，炸在地上，没有伤人。 Tobacco addicts remain hopelessly blind to signs that say “No Smoking”. 瘾君子对“禁止吸烟”的牌子视若无睹，真是无 可救药。
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
II. 注意动词的微妙用法
Characterize, feature, star 分析：
1. 2. 3. 4. The nation is characterized by industry and courage. Industry and courage characterizes the nation. The language of poetry is characterized by metaphor. Metaphor characterizes the language of poetry.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
5. He is at his books.( He is reading books.) 他在读书
6. The machine is in operation. ( The machine is working.) 机器正在运行 7. Is this the train for Chicago? 这趟火车是开往芝加哥的吗？
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
II. 注意动词的微妙用法
1. Parades, balls and concerts feature the annual blossom festival. The annual blossom festival is featured by parades, balls and concerts.
词。
1. 介词（preposition）
功能性与广泛性 There is a short cut across the field.(横穿) They live across the street.(对面） Lay the two sticks across each other.（交叉） a restaurant across from the station(对面、AE）
He is sitting with his arms across. （交叉）
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法 分析：past // like
1. I would not put it past him to scoop to cheating. (not put it past sb.:相信某人可能会） 我认为他会干出欺骗的勾当来 It just like him to work so hard without seeking reward or recognition.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
5. There the work is finished at last. (表示 满意） 6. There’s a fine dress for you. (表示欣赏）。 7. There’s gratitude or glory for you! （两种意义： 一种是真诚的；一种是讽刺的） 8. There you are. 用于并列句中表示预期效果 （get the desired result: You have only to turn the switch on and there you are.)
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
II. 注意动词的微妙用法
Supplementary： 及物与不及物 1.You must answer my question. 2.You must answer for what you did. （为……付出代价）
1.The soldiers searched the spy.（搜身） 2.The soldiers searched for the spy.（搜寻）
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
III. 注意否定的应用
3. 双重否定
He is too wise not to know it. = He is so wise that he surely knows it. He is too much a man of the world not to know better. = he is so world-wise that he knows what to do and what not to do.
(like him=characteristic of him有某种特点) 他这个人就有这样一个特点，拼命工作，从不计较名和利）
1.
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
supplementary: 1. He is on the phone with his classmate. 2. Were you at the meeting yesterday? 3. Who is on duty today? 4. He was never behind with the rent.(他从不 拖欠房租）
Chapter 10 小词的使用与理解
I.注意小词的特殊用法
4. 单音节动词和短语动词
I got on horseback within ten minutes after I got your letter. When I got to Canterbury, I got a chaise for town, but I got wet through, and have got such a cold that I shall not get rid of it in a hurry. I got to the Treasury about noon, but first of all got shaved and dressed. I soon got into the secret of getting a memorial before the Board, but I could not get an answer then; however I got intelligence from a messenger that I should get one next morning.