高考英语阅读科技环保类专练及详解

高考英语阅读科技环保类专练及详解科技环保类文章在高考英语试题中出现的频率最高，几乎每年都有一片，。

此类文章一般为说明文，但也常常夹杂着叙述和议论，并经常出现一些较新的科技名词或术语。

考生若经常阅读英语报刊，具备丰富的课外知识，并积累一定的时新词汇，对解读此类文章会大有帮助。

A难度：难字数：258 words 标准用时：6 minutes 实际用时：___ ______( NMET山东 E篇)A device that stops drives from falling asleep at the wheel is about to undergo testing at Department of Transport laboratories and could go on sale within 12 months.The system, called Driver Alert, aims to reduce deadly road ac cidents by 20%—40% that are caused by tiredness. Airline pilots can also use it to reduce the 30% of all pilot-error accidents that are r elated to fatigue.Driver Alert is based on a computerized wristband. The device, worn by drives or pilots, gives out a sound about every four minutes during a car journey. After each sound the driver must respond by sq ueezing the steering wheel(方向盘). A sensor in the wristband detectsthis pressing action and measures the time between the sound and the driver's response.Tiredness is directly related to a driver's response time. Usu ally, a watchful driver would take about 400 milliseconds to respond, but once that falls to more than 500 milliseconds, it suggests that the driver is getting sleepy.In such cases the device gives out more regular and louder sou nds, showing that the driver should open a window or stop for a rest. If the driver's response continues to slow down, the sounds become m ore frequent until a nonstop alarm warns that the driver must stop as soon as possible.The device has been delivered to the department's laboratories for testing. If these tests, scheduled for six months' time, are suc cessful, the makers will bring the product to market within about a y ear.1. According to the text, Driver Alert ______.A. aims to reduce tiredness-related accidentsB. aims to pre vent drivers from sleepingC. has gone through testing at laboratoriesD. has been on sale for 12 months2. How should a driver respond to the sounds from Driver Alert？A. By sounding a warning.B. By che cking the driving time.C. By touching the wrist hand.D. By p ressing the steering wheel.3. We can learn from the text that the driver needs to stop for a bre ak when his response time is _____.A. about 400 millisecondsB. ove r 500 millisecondsC. below 500 millisecondsD. abo ut 4 minutes4. When the driver gets sleepy while driving, Driver Alert ______.A. moves more regularlyB. ope ns the window for the driverC. stops working properlyD. sounds more frequently and loudly难度：易字数：266 words 标准用时：4 minutes 实际用时：___ ______Alzheimer's disease is a major national health problem. Nearly 2 mill ion Americans over the age of 65 have Alzheimer's disease. It is a le ading cause of death among the elderly. But Alzheimer's disease is not confined(限于) to the aged. There may be a million or more people u nder the age of 65 suffering from the disease.At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be "getti ng old". The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer's disease strikes young and old a like. It is an organic(器官的) disease that destroys brain cells.Alzheimer's disease affects the patient's memory, speech, and movemen t. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem sligh tly confused. He may have trouble speaking. Then the suffering from t he disease.At one time, people suffering from the disease were said to be "getti ng old". The disease was thought to be a natural part of growing old, but it is now known that Alzheimer's disease strikes young and old a like. It is an organic(器官的) disease that destroys brain cells.Alzheimer's disease affects the patient's memory, speech, and movemen t. In the beginning stages of the disease, the patient may seem sligh tly confused. He may have trouble speaking. Then the patient's memory begins to fail. He may forget dates, telephone numbers, names and pl ans.As the disease progresses, the patient may not recognize family and f riends. These symptoms(症状) often cause terrible anxiety in the pati ent. He may feel lost and frightened. Sometimes the patient reacts wi th wild and bad behavior.In the last stages of the disease, the patient may not be able to tak e care of himself. He may have lost the ability to speak and walk.Scientists don't know exactly what causes Alzheimer's disease. It may be caused by a virus(病毒). It may be caused by a poisonous substanc e(物质) in the environment. At present, there is no cure for the dise ase. But there are ways to slow its progress. Exercise and physical t reatment can help the patients of this disease.5. The main idea of the passage is that Alzheimer's disease _______.A. is a terrible part of the aging processB. is an organic disease that affects young and oldC. can be cured by physical treatmentD. causes forge tfulness6. All of the following are symptoms of Alzheimer's disease EXCEPT __ _____.A. forgetfulnessB. difficulty in speakingC. loss of sigh tD. loss of the ability to walk7. According to the passage, which of the following may be a cause of Alzheimer's disease？A. Poisons produced by the brain.B. Getting old.C.A virus. D. Lack of exercise.8. The progress of Alzheimer's disease can be slowed by ______.A. operationB. a change in environmentC. medicinesD. physical treatment and exerciseC难度：中字数：303 words 标准用时：5 minutes 实际用时：___ ______When I opened my e-mail the other day, a pretty woman named Rachel ap peared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talk ing with great enthusiasm. Every now and then she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. She was reading to me an e-mail from my brother, and a lot of it was about his getting the phone company to give him a high-speed Internet connection. It was pretty cool.Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail. Facema il lets you send e-mail that gets ready to the receiver by an attra ctive male or female form or by a clown(小丑). The software, which is free, can be downloaded at .Facemail faces are lifelike, and they simulate(模拟) emotions based o n emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in-X, and Rac hel blows a kiss.LifeFX, the company that develops the Facemail, is sure there are bro ad business uses. The reason e-business is not popular, the company s ays, is that buying over the Internet lacks the human touch. But what if you went to the Nike website and Michael Jordan greeted you by name, waited on you and personally closed the sale And it is talking wi th Whirl(惠而浦公司) about using the technology in a computer screen on a fridge. Then if Morn can't be home when the kids get back from s chool, she can leave a note with voice and image telling them what th ere is to eat.Facemail could get hot fast. Personally, I'm a fan. But Facemail shou ld be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you select the clown, put a few rude words in an e-mail and add so me angry emotions, you've got a Psycho-mail(疯人型电子邮件).9. The pretty woman that appears on the writer's computer screen was ______.A. a woman working on the InternetB. his brother's gi rlfriendC not a real person D. the pi cture of his pen-friend10. The main advantage of Facemail is that ______.A. you can hire a beautiful woman to read the e-mail to youB. you can see the person who sends you the e-mailC. yon can send an e-mail free of chargeD. e-mail can be attractive in a more lovely way11. The writer mentioned Nike website and Michael Jordan to show that _______.A. Famous people like Michael Jordan also like to use FacemailB. Facemail can make shopping on the Internet more interestingC. Nike website will increase its sales by JordanD. Michael Jordan will serve you himself on Nike website12. What is the writer's attitude towards Facemail？A. He thinks it needs further improvement.B. He thinks it c ool and funny.C. He thinks it a danger to the Internet.D. He thinks people should be careful with Facemail.D难度：中字数：302 words 标准用时：5 minutes 实际用时：___ ______Sheep, like turkeys and ostriches, are not considered the cleverest a nimals. British scientists said last Wednesday human may have underes timated(低估) the woolly creatures. They could be much smarter than w e think.Researchers at the Babraham Institute in Cambridge, southern. England, have shown that animals have a good memory system and are extremely good at recognizing faces--which they think is a sure sign of intelli gence.Behavioral scientist Keith Kendrick and his friends trained 20 sheep to recognize and distinguish(区别) 25 pairs of sheep faces and used e lectrodes(电极) to measure their brain activity, which showed they co uld remember 50 faces for up to two years."If they can do that with faces, the fact is that they have to have r easonable intelligence, otherwise, what is the point of having a syst em for remembering anything else," Kendrick said in an interview.So hours of seemingly mindless eating grass may not be so mindless af ter all.Kendrick believes sheep got their reputation as dumb animals because they live in large groups and do not appear to have much individuality and are frightened of just about everything."All animals, including humans, once they are frightened don't tend to show signs of intelligent action," he explained.In research reported in the science journal Nature, Kendrick and his team showed that sheep, like humans, have a specialized system in the brain, which allows them to distinguish between many different faces that look extremely similar."The most important findings of the study is that they are able, both from a behavioral point of view and from looking at the way the brai n is organized, to remember a large number of faces of individuals fo r a very long time," said Kendrick. "It is a very strange system. The y are showing similar abilities in many ways to humans. "13. From the first paragraph we can find that ______.A. people used to think sheep are smarter than the other animalsB. people used to raise sheep in a wrong wayC. people don't consider sheep as clever animalsD. people have done a lot of research on sheep14. From what Kendrick said in the interview we learn that ________.A. scientists have learned a lot about sheep's intelligenceB. scientists have learned little about sheep's intelligenceC. scientists can't do anything more about sheep's memoryD. scientists don't have to research animals' memory15. As is shown in the passage _________.A. sheep are among the weak animalsB. it is not right for people to raise sheep in groupsC. when sheep eat grass in the fields their minds may be activeD. if people feel frightened, they may become more brave16. When scientists found that sheep show similar abilities in many w ays to humans they may think it _____.A. worryingB. movingC. f righteningD. interestingE 难度：中字数：286 words 标准用时：5 minutes 实际用时：___ ______Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started prod ucing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in ci ties, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult. During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring t owns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dumpsite. Resident s or trash haulers(垃圾托运者) would transport household rubbish, rot ted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically(定期的) some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sight s and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by. Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be dis posed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted rema ins into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal w ith the problem.Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are mo st needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty la nd suitable for this purpose. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential(住宅区的)neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hau ling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing toaccept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of w aste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a p rice people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of wast e, however, continues to grow.Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city's reusable waste.17. The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.A. Places for Disposing WasteB. Waste Pollution DangersC. Ways of Getting Rid of WasteD. Waste Disposal Problem18. During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for ______.A. burying itB. recycling itC. burning itD. throwing it into rivers19. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph？A. Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.B. There is cheap land to bury waste in modem society.C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modem society.D. Ways to deal with waste in modem society stay the same.20. The main purpose of writing this article is to ________.A. draw people's attention to waste managementB. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facingC. call on people to take part in recycling programsD. tell people a better way to get rid of the wasteUnit 1科技环保类A1. A细节理解题。