高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案含解析

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案含解析一、高中英语阅读理解1．阅读理解In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. "Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are."Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, "You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it."Another journalist says, "More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in."In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, "Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity."And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. "Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication." Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, "a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story". And, "if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry."（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.A.clicks count a lotB.resources are limitedC.budgets are tightD.journalists lack experience（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth.B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Skeptical.D.Neutral.（4）What is the best title of the passage?A.Spread of false stories.B.Causes of online false news.C.Duties of journalists.D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of the m are.”可知Brooke Binkowski 认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。

与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。

由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解Microplastics are everywhere in our environment. It's hardly surprising that the tiny fragments have also been found in humans. A new study shows that Americans are consuming as many as 121,000 particles each year.Measuring 50 to 500 microns in length, microplastics come from a variety of sources, including large plastics that break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Therefore, much remains unknown about the common existence of these materials within the human body, as well as their impact on human health.Hoping to fill in some of these gaps, a research team led by Kieran Cox, a PhD candidate at the University of Victoria, looked at 26 papers assessing the amount of microplastics in commonly consumed food items, among which are seafood, sugars, salts, honey, alcohol and water. Theteam also evaluated the potential consumption of microplastics through inhalation (吸入)using previously reported data on microplastic concentrations in the air and the Environmental Protection Agency's reported respiration rates. Based on these data, the researchers calculated that our annual consumption of microplastics via food and drink ranges from 39,000 to 52,000 particles. When microplastics taken in through inhalation are taken into account, the range jumps to between 74,000 and 121,000 particles per year.The authors of the study found that people who drink exclusively from plastic water bottles absorb an additional 90,000 microplastics each year, compared to 4,000 among those who only consume tap water. "This shows that small decisions, over the course of a year, really matter and have an impact." Cox says. The new study, according to its authors, was the first to investigate "the accumulative human exposure" to microplastics. But in all likelihood, the research tells only a small part of the entire story. Collectively, the food and drink that the researchers analyzed represent 15 percent of Americans' caloric intake. The team could not account for food groups like fruits, vegetables and grains because there simply is not enough data on their microplastic content.For those worried about microplastic consumption, cutting down bottled water is a good place to start. But to the heart of the problem, we have to stop producing and using so much plastic.（1）What makes it difficult to know microplastics commonly exist in the human body?A.The quality.B.The quantity.C.The shape.D.The size.（2）How did Kieran Cox's team calculate the potential consumption of microplastics?A.By studying papers.B.By comparing the impacts.C.By analyzing the data.D.By conducting experiments.（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Drinking less plastic bottled water helps to take in fewer microplastics.B.The study is among the earliest to investigate human exposure to microplastics.C.Cox's team gained comprehensive information of microplastics taken in by humans.D.People consume 74,000 to 121,000 particles of microplastics per year from food and drink.（4）What is the best title for the text?A.The Potential Problems of MicroplasticsB.Microplastics Coming From Various SourcesC.Microplastics Found Within Human BodiesD.The Impact of Microplastics on Human Health【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现人体内含有大量的微塑料颗粒。