高中定语从句精讲与练习与答案

定语从句

1什么是定语从句？

由一个完整的句子充当定语的从句为定语从句。

2特点：和其它类从句比较，除了有引导词（关系词）定语从句有“先行词”。

3什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词/代词为先行词。

4定语从句的种类：限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。

5定语从句引导词（关系词）的种类：关系代词和关系副词。

例：I work in a school which was built 50 years ago.

在此句中”school”为先行词，which 来引导定语从句，“which was built 50 years ago.”整句话来修饰先行词做定语，所以这是个定语从句。

注：定语从句的引导词通常置于先行词之后引导定语从句。（一）代词性引导词和副词性引导词，即关系代词和关系副词。代词性引导词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等，副词性引导词有：when,where,why等，代词性引导词在定语从句中充当主语/宾语，副词性引导词在定语从句中充当状语。

注：what 不能引导定语从句，因为what从句属于名词性从句。（二）基本用法。

1．先行词性质不同要使用不同的引导词，先行词指人时，可用that,who,whom代指，who与whom的区别在于who是主格，在从

句中作主语，whom是宾格，在从句中作宾语，而that作主语/宾语均可。先行词指物时，用that/which代指，可见，that既可代指人的先行词，也可代指物的先行词。

例：Do you know the man that is standing by the door?

此句that 引导定语从句，代指先行词the man.

例：This is the book that I have been looking for .

此句that引导定语从句，代指先行词the book.

例：This is the book which I have been looking for.

此句which引导定语从句，代指先行词the book.

例：Do you know the man who is standing by the door?

此句who 引导定语从句，代指行行词the man,作从句的主语。也可用that引导从句，如” Do you know the man that is standing by the door?”

例：The lady whom we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.

此句whom引导定语从句，代指先行词the lady，在从句中作宾语。也可用that引导即“The lady that we saw this morning is Mrs.Brown.”

例：As is known to all,China is a large country.

As is know to all是个很常用的表达方式，这也是的定语从句，只不过它的位置不像别的定语从句在先行词的后面，本句as代指主句的含义“中国是个大国“。

As是一个特殊的引导词，引导定语从句时为代词。不像其他的

代词性引导词用来代指一个具体的先行词，as代指整个主句的含义，which引导非限定性定语从句时，也有类似的用法。

例：He is often late,which makes his teacher angry.

此句which引导定语从句，代指主句的含义“他经常迟到“，作从句的主语，这时which 引导的就是非限定性定语从句。Which和as的用法相似，但也有区别。

（1）which引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句在主句前，中，后均可，在主句前居多。

（2）as常理解为“正如，正像“而which常理解为”这，这事，这点“

（3）as常用的固定搭配有，as is often the case,as was expected,as often happens,as is known to all,as has

been said before,as is mentioned above等

2．副词性引导词。

副词性引导词when.where,why.

例：I often think of the happy days when I was in France. When引导定语从句，修饰先行词days意为“in the happy days”作从句的时间状语。

例：This is the building where my father works.

Where引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，意为“in the building”，作从句的地点状语。

例：Do you know the reason why he was late.

Why引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason意为“for the reason”，作从句的原因状语。

说明：从以上的例子可以看出，代词性引导词在从句中作主语/宾语，副词性引导词在从句中作状语。

注：如果引导词在从句中作宾语，则引导词可以省略。

(一)限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的比较。

限定性定语从句与先行词的关系密不可分，不可用逗号分开。而非限定性定语从句只是到先行词起补充说明作用，与先行词关系松散，通常用逗号将其分开，非限定性定语从句不能用that代指先行词。

例：This is the photo that/which I took.

The famous basketball player,who tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.

（二）that与which的区别。

当先行词指物时才需要讨论这个问题。

1．当先行词为不定代词，如anything,everything,nothing,none,one,all,littl

e,few,much等，或先行词被

all,little,few,much,any,only,the

every,every,no等修饰时，要用that代指先行词。