高二英语 unit1 语法课件 新人教版必修5

3. The castle, which was burnt down in the sixteenth century, was never rebuilt. burnt down in = The castle, ______________ ___________________, the sixteenth century was never rebuilt. 4. Father beat the son who was lost in the online games. =Father beat the son ________ lost in the online games.
• astonishing, astonished等。
Fill in the blank with proper words.
1. A. Nobody was interested in the story he told. B. The story he told was very interesting . ( interested, interesting ) 2. A. Everybody was excited to hear the news. B. The news is very exciting indeed. ( excited, exciting ) 3. A. The result of the test was rather disappointing. B. He was very disappointed at the result of the test. ( disappointed, disappointing ) 4. A. What he said was very amusing . B. I was very amused at the sight. ( amused, amusing )
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1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, B ______ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known 解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置 定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过 去分词表示被动。
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3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases D _______ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 解析：答案D。know与words，expressions， phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示 被动。
2、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
（１）作表语的过去分词，被动意味很弱，主要表 示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。 The glass is broken. Our classroom is crowded （２）被动语态的过去分词，动作意味很强，句 子主语为动作的承受者，后常跟by短语。
• amusing, amused;
• encouraging, encouraged;
• disappointing, disappointed;
• puzzling, puzzled;
• satisfying, satisfied;
• tiring, tired;
• pleasing, pleased;
现在分词: 表示正在进行的动作
2.时间上
过去分词: 表示完成的意思
boiling water the rising sun
the falling leaves
the fallen leaves
boiled water
the risen sun
3. 现在分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子 主语的特征、特性。 过去分词表示它所修饰的名词或句子 主语的心理感受或状态。
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A 2. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置 定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故 用过去分词表示。
3.过去分词作前置定语还是后置定语，都可转换 为一个对应的定语从句。
a broken heart an organized trip
= a heart which is broken
= a trip which is organized the girl dressed in white
=the girl who is dressed in white the book written by Luxun =the book which is written by Luxun
3. Have you noticed the bridge being built now?
二、过去分词作表语 1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处 的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种 形式。（be,get,feel,look,seem,remain,become ） e.g. ： Everyone present is very inspired at his speech． 听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。 You seem frightened. 你似乎受了惊吓。 Some problems still remained unsolved.
4、过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, nobody等 不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些 词的后面。
He is one of those invited. Nothing reported in the newspaper will interest him. Is there anything unsolved?
Practice: Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.
1. 丢了钱他自责不已。 got blamed He ______________ about losing the money. 2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？ look so tired Why do you always _______________ ? Do you sleep well these days? 3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。 I _____________________ the film I saw last night, was disappointed with I had expected it to be better.
The news is exciting.
We were excited to hear it.
• 总结过去分词和V-ing形式的区别:
• 表主动的，进行的， V-ing形式 表特征---含有“令人……”之意 表被动的，完成的， 表状态---含有“感到……”之意
•
过去分词
• 英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：
5. 动词的过去分词，不定式和动词-ing的被动形式 在句中都可做定语，表达被动的含义，但时间意义 上不同。
1. He visited the bridge built last year.
2. The bridge to be built next year will be very large.
练习一． 句型转换
1.A thief stole the goat that was tired to the tree. tired =A thief stole the goat ______ to the tree. 2. The girl who is dressed in red is Kelly’s long-lost friend. dressed in red = The girl _________________ is Kelly’s long-lost friend.
少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过 去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 the developed countries 发达国家 a retired teacher 一名退休教师
2、过去分词短语作后置定语，表示 被动和／ 或完成意义。 e.g.：I like wearing clothes made of this kind of cloth． 我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。 e.g.：The books written by Lu Xun are popular． 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎
The river is polluted. (过去分词作表语） This is a polluted river.（过去分词作定语）
The village is flooded. It is a flooded village.
一、过去分词作 定语
Grammar
1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有 被动和 完成的意义，常作前置定语。 eg： a used stamp 一枚用过的邮票 an injured finger 一个受伤的手指 a lighted candle 一支点燃的蜡烛 注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。 e.g.：spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习
5. The project, which was designed by the Chinese engineers, was constructed in only 2 year.
designed by the = The project, _____________ ____________________, was chinese engineers constructed in only 2 year.
The glass was broken by Jack. The windows were closed by Tom last night.
现在分词与过去分词他们的区别
1.语态上
现在分词: 表示主动的动作 过去分词: 表示已经被动的动作
I heard someone opening the door . I heard the door opened .
4. 听 说 那 位 明 星 死 了 ， 人 人 都 很 惊 讶 。 was shocked Everybody ____________to hear the death of the famous film star． 5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。 are really excited about The children ______________________ going to the zoo． 6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒. became infected with His wound ___________________ a new virus．
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4. The flowers _______ sweet in the botanic B garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语， 修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于 被动语态，相当于which/that smells sweet。