上海交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题
2004-2013上海交通大学819考研真题
上海交通大学2004年研究生入学考试试题试题代号: 819 试题名称:信号系统与信号处理一、某因果系统其系统函数是H(S)有理的,且仅有两个极点:S 1=-2,S 2=-4。
有且仅有两个零点:Z 1=2,Z 2=4。
系统阶跃稳态响应的最大值是1。
试求: 1.系统函数H(S),且画出零极图,判断系统的稳定性。
2.当输入为e(t)=e -4u(t)时候,求系统的零状态响应。
3.当输入为e(t)=sin(2t)u(t)时候,求稳态响应。
4.画出幅频特性图,并采用RLC 图来实现系统,标出元件值。
二、某离散时间LSI 因果系统。
当输入为x(n)=2n u(n),完全响应为,n>0,当x(n)=u(n)时候,。
试求:1. H(Z),h(n) 以及系统的差分方程。
2. 用直接Ⅱ型画出本系统的信号流图。
3. 当时候,求系统的完全响应。
三、如下图所示,假设S c (t)是带限的,S c (j )=0,,对x c (t)进行采样,采样周期是T ,得到序列x(n)=x c (nT)。
试求:1. x c (t)的傅里叶变换和x(n)的离散傅里叶变换。
2.如下离散时间系统仿真图,试选择该离散时间系统函数H(e jw ),当输入s(n)=s c (nT)时候,输出为y(n)=x c (nT)。
3.当延时τ=T 及时候,求h(n)。
S四、如下图,。
试求:1.时,求输出y(t)。
2. x(t)=Sa(t)cos4t 时,求输出y(t)。
3. 当x(t)为如下波形时,再求y(t)。
五、实序列x(n)与其偶部及其奇部之间满足如下关系:已知x(n)离散傅里叶变换X R(e jw)。
其中为实数。
试求:1.x(n),X(ejw),x(z)。
2.设X(e jw)=X R(e jw)+jX1(e jw),试导出X R(e jw)与X1(e jw)之间的关系。
六、令x(k)表示N点序列,x(n)的N点DFT,试证明:1.若x(n)满足x(n)=-x(N-1-n),则X(0)=0。
上海交大历年考研真题
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上海交通大学药学院《349药学综合》历年考研真题专业课考试试题
第一部分 上海交通大学药学基础综合考研真题 2007年上海交通大学601药学基础综合(Ⅰ)考研真题
第二部分 上海交通大学药理学考研真题 2013年上海交通大学药理学基础(药理学部分)考研真题(回忆版) 2012年上海交通大学药理学基础(药理学部分)考研真题(回忆版) 2011年上海交通大学药理学基础(药理学部分)考研真题(回忆版) 2005年上海交通大学350药理学(Ⅰ)考研真题 2004年上海交通大学350药理学(Ⅰ)考研真题 2004年上海交通大学808药理学(Ⅱ)考研真题
2、定义角度说明药物的作用、药理学作业、临床作用、不良反应 以及之间的关系,举例说明。
3、从作用机制说明舒张血管的药物。 4、从受体角度说明吗啡发挥作用的机制。 5、尽可能详细的写出一种具有免疫抑制作用药物的药理作用、作 用机制、临床作用等。
2012年上海交通大学药理学基础(药理学部分) 考研真题(回忆版)
2011年上海交通大学药理学基础(药理学部分) 考研真题(回忆版)
1.请叙述你所知道的G蛋白组成及其信号转导机制、效应类型。 2.请叙述你对阿尔茨海默病的认识、治疗药物及其机制和亟待解 决的问题。 3.请叙述镇痛药的分类、作用机制、评价、可能的发展方向。 4.请你从作用机制角度,列出目前具有影响免疫功能的药物。 5.哪些作用类型的药物可以舒张血管,各自通过什么机制?
2004年上海交通大学320药剂学考研真题
2003年上海交通大学320药剂学考研真题
2002年上海交通大学320药剂学考研真题
2001年上海交通大学320药剂学考研真题
第四部分 上海交通大学药物分析考研真 题
2006年上海交通大学445药物分析考研真题
2005年上海交通大学350药理学(Ⅰ)考研真题
上海交通大学研究生入学考试教育学2004
上海理工大学2004硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:教育学
一、简答题(70分)
1.古代学校教育与现代教育有何异同?
2.什么是遗传素质?遗传在人的发展中有何作用?
3.教育对社会发展有可能产生负向功能吗?请简述理由。
4.我国教育目的的精神实质是什么?
5.什么是学制?现代学校教育制度有哪几种类型?
6.理想的师生关系的基本特征是什么?
7.正式群体与非正式群体有何区别?如何对待一个班级中的非正式群体。
二、论述题(80分)
1.你认为教学与课程是一种什么样的关系?综观国内外课程改革的趋势,你认为课程
改
革对教学已经产生和将要产生的影响是什么?
2.你认为在知识经济时代学校应该怎样激发学生的创新精神和人文精神?
3.在目前我国普通中小学教育中,你认为德育、智育、体育、美育、劳动技术教育等
几
个方面教育中,最薄弱的是哪一方面的教育?请阐述理由并说明你的改进意见。
4.请举例说明21世纪世界教育发展的趋势?并请说明中国教育的发展和发达国家教育相比,有哪些经验,还存在哪些不足?。
上海交通大学_药物分析_2004年_考研真题
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上海交通大学硕士生入学-英语水平考试2004
上海交通大学2004年硕士生入学考试试题试题序号:453 试题名称:英语水平考试(答案必须写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上的一律不给分)Important: This test lasts for three hours. All your answers must be written on a separate sheet called “Answer Sheet”, Do not write anything in this test booklet.Part I (20分)In this part you are asked to complete each of the 20 sentences with one of the four words marked A, B, C and D that follow each sentence. The word you choose must fit into the sentence both in form and meaning. For every correct choice, you will get one point.1.I object to you speaking of “learning French as a second language” in Canada; French is as _______ a firstlanguage as English.A.farB.wellC.muchD.good2.For this situation,learning and using English for wider communication _______________ a country,particularly for educational, commercial, and political purposes, English can be referred to as an international language.A.outsideB.withinC.withD.of3.It reveals itself in the assumptions underlying _____________, in the planning of a course of study, in theroutines of the classroom, in value judgments about language teaching, and in the decisions that the language teacher has to make day by day.A.learningB.teachingC.theoryD.practice4.The debate on language teaching methods continued into the period between the two world wars, a periodwhich from the point of view of language pedagogy is characterized by the search for realistic solutions to the method _______________.A.controversyB.problemsC.issuesD.crises5.This conviction led to various experiments, all designed to ________ the traditional teacher-centred languageclass.A.changeB.convertC.modifyD.verify6.The communicative approach, understood in this comprehensive way, has had a ___________ on secondlanguage curriculum, on teaching methodology and materials, and also on evaluation.A.effectB.markC.bearingD.weight7.By virtue of their iconicity and their obvious formal aspects, poems are ideally suited to have learnersexperience early on the two main features of __________ experience: distance and relation.A.literaryB.socialC.aestheticD.dialectic8.Furthermore, being able to recite it from memory enables the teacher to keep eye contact with the students,to anticipate their misunderstandings and respond to their facial ____________.A.responsesB.expressionsC.performanceD.inquiries9.As translators move from word to word and from sentence to sentence through the text they produce bit bybit _______ of the original in a different language.A.replicasB.versionsC.relicsD.sediments10.Besides exploring different levels of the same text and different languages’ways of expressing the sameevent, intermediate and advanced learners can profit from _________ the same event into different literary forms.A.reproducingB.imitatingC.expressingD.recasting11.It has often been suggested that we lack an adequate analysis of the concept of analyticity and consequentlythat we lack adequate criteria for deciding whether a statement is _________.A.adequateB.realisticC.efficientD.analytic12.The tacit ideology which seems to lie behind these objections is that non-extensional explications are notexplications at all and that any concept which is not extensionally ______ is defective.A.ideologicalB.explicableC.explicitD.objectional13.The reason for concentrating on the study of speech acts is simply this: all linguistic communication involveslinguistic ____________A.devicesB.meaningC.formsD.acts14.This is because in certain institutional situations we not only ascertain the facts but we need an authority tolay down a decision as to what the ____________ are after the fact-finding procedure has been gone through.A.situationsB.assertionsC.factsD.reasons15.The simplest cases of meaning are those in which the speaker utters a sentence and means exactly and___________ what he says.A.verballyB.definitelyC.simplyD.literally16.And since meaning consists in part in the intention to produce understanding in the hearer, a large part of thatproblem is that of how it is possible for the hearer to understand the indirect speech act when the sentence he hears and understands means something ________A.trueB.elseC.falseD.indirect17.We all believe that it is the faculty of language which has enabled the human race to develop diverse cultures,each with its _________ social customs, religious observances, laws, oral traditions, patterns of trading, and so on.A.diverseB.distinctiveC.multipleD.varied18.In general, too, rhythmic and _________ features of speech are ignored in transcriptions; the rhythmicstructure which appears to bind some groups of words more closely than others, and the speeding up and slowing down of the overall pace of speech relative to the speaker’s normal pace in a given situation, are such complex variables that we have very little idea how they are exploited and to what effect.A.metricalB.mobileC.acousticD.temporal19.It seems reasonable to suggest that, whereas in daily life in a literate culture, we use ________ largely for theestablishment and maintenance of human relationships, we use written language largely for the working out of and transference of information.A.wordsB.speechC.soundsD.sentences20.The higher level of achievement is a contribution to the ___________ of the text: the linguistic analysis mayenable one to say why the text is, or is not, an effective text for its own purposes ----in what respects it succeeds and in what respects it fails, or is less successful.A.analysisB.readingC.evaluationD.interpretationPartⅡ(20分)Each of the following 20 sentences contains an error. And the error involves only one word. You are required to identify the error and correct it. Instructions on how to write your answersare given on the Answer Sheet. For each correction you make, you will get one point.21. A Spanish history of the “Indies,”read with eager curiosity (and later paraphrased) by the Englishentrepreneur Sir Walter Raleigh, told to the court splendors of a supposed ancestor of the “emperor of Guiana”22.Elizabethan merchants and ministers were second for none in their lively concern for treasure, but the realsuccess of Great Britain as a colonizing power was eventually to rest in its ability to sustain permanent, large-scale, self-supporting “plantations” in North America.23.The faith was sustained for the newcomers not only by the promises before but by the horrors left behind,across the Atlantic.24.In a sense, the seventeenth century saw the emergence of those institutions that are characteristic in themodern world: centralized and wholly sovereign nation-states; capitalism; individualism; secularism; and heroic grandeur in the arts.25.What was more, warfare, both civil and international, erupted epidemically in massive dislocations of power.26.No history of the American people--- a title after which, after all, the Indians have the most legitimate claim---- can omit the red men and women’s role.27.Even before Europe hung suspended between the rise of Roman Imperial order and the emergence offeudalism, in the so-called Dark Ages, some North American Indian’s had developed what anthropologists call the Hopewellian Culture.28.At first they called the chiefs they met after names both familiar and curious --- princes, --- emperors,caciques, and werowances.29.He pointed out that one of the first signs of adaptation to the new environment as a European’s part was tostrip off the garments of civilization, with their class and social connotations, and wear the undifferentiated skin garments of the India.30.The story began, then, with interaction among the continent’s new and old inhabitants --- the Indian“garrison” and the colonized immigrants.31.They learned to sing hymns, to pray, even to participate in the Mass, and to hold their new beliefs by a gripthat survived the vicissitudes of many years of battle between white warriors and red.32.After an unsuccessful attempt to get the Dutch to plant a new settlement on the Delaware, he traveled toSwede.33.Despite the political weakness of the Dutch, they set an impress on the life of Americans as unborn.34.Tradesmen went home, entered through brick-faced doorways and ascended to cozy rooms where, belowtiled roofs, windows with tiny panes illuminated polished delftware.35.The Church of England, for example, though firmly established, did not command the loyalties of greatCatholic families on the one hand, or on the other, of the Puritans who hoped to purge it into “Romish idolatry.”36.With chronic misgivings about the future, no wonder that some men were tempted by the prospects of secureestates and freedom of harassment across what seemed an infinity of ocean.37.Huddled into the city, the poor were helpless before the plagues that swept devastatingly into their slums andthen undiscriminatingly went on to lay down the proud and wealthy as well.38.Imperiled by pestilence and starvation, many of the able-bodied men among the poor might have looked atimpressment as an opportunity at least to eat and to be clothed.39.And nothing short for a spectacular peice of luck or royal preferment seemed likely to improve the situation.40.Farther from the social scale, the yeoman might also try to enhance the value of his lands or the prospects ofhis children by taking fliers in New World ventures such as fishing and trading companies.PartⅢ (30分)In this part you will be asked to read five passages, each followed by six questions. Read the passages carefully and then answer all the questions by choosing the correct options marked A, B, C, and D. Answer one question correctly and you will get one point.Passage1We know that Poe fought a continuous battle against the demon of plagiarism and the twisted perversion of influence. He even declared war on his fellow-writer Longfellow, accusing him of plagiarism of which he was himself not entirely innocent. Passion and influence have their dark sides not only manifest in literary plagiarism --- which we note in Baudelaire’s translations of Poe --- but also in what may be deemed a confusion of identity or quest for an alter ego. Translating Poe became for Baudelaire a real search for the definition of his own personality and even his understanding of gender. Baudelaire’s text is a mixed entity, a complex unity like most of Poe’s characters, a unity composed of scattered elements. The “Flowers of Evil,” are filled with Poe’s own experience of despair and doubt about the world and about human beings, blended with Bauelaire’s spleen and bouts of ideal. Both writers were divided into forces of Good and Evil, love and hate, masculine and feminine, they were like two images reflected in the mirrors of their creations so perfectly inverted that the reader does not know who inspired whom. Alter egos of each other, these two monsters of selfishness and misanthropy would probably have hated each other if they had had the opportunity to meet. Looking at oneself in a mirror can be very upsetting as the hero of William Wilson discovers in the last lines of this eponymous tale. Baudelaire chose to exalt Poe’s character as Griswold presented it because he had many features in common with this portrait. Baudelaire identified with Poe in a very self-centered egotistical way. Both had a strain of masochism and a taste for self-destruction certainly provoked by parental rejection. Baudelaire’s most palpable self-destructive action was the translation of Poe’s works. From this peculiar and unique encounter of two geniuses was born a new universal poet, we could name Poedelaire. Half European, half American, the writings of this desexualized creator are tinged with black humour, sensationalism, and sprinkled with a touch of French preciosity.Questions:41. The author implies that _______________.A. Longfellow was guilty of plagiarismB. Longfellow was not guilty of plagiarismC. Poe was guilty of plagiarismD. Poe was not guilty of plagiarism42. What, according to the author, causes plagiarism?A. Passion and influenceB. Search and questC. identity and egoD. Translation43. The author’s purpose of mentioning Baudelaire’s translations of Poe is _________.A. to show how the two writers hate each other.B. to show how the two writers love each other.C. to prove that plagiarism is pardonable.D. to prove that influence may result in a search for an alter ego.44. It can be inferred that Poe’s writing _____________.A. favors the theme of evil.B. tends to describe flowers.C. reveals a vague personalityD. contains the image of mirror45. Why does the author think that Baudelaire’s translation of Poe’s works was a self-destructive action?A. Because it made Baudelaire even sadder.B. Because he allowed Poe to invade his own identity.C. Because it incurred his parents’ contempt.D. Because it ruined his reputation as a good translator.46. Which of the following words can best describe Poedelaire?A. romanticB. sentimentalC. pessimisticD. revolutionaryPassage2Baudelaire first purchased Poe’s works in London in 1851. This was his first encounter with the American, and he immediately fell in love with the tone, style and content of these texts. He never wrote anything about the theoretical concepts of literary influence and plagiarism whereas Poe had spent a lot of energy attempting to prove his originality. Baudelaire, inversely, although acknowledging that he felt an intimacy with Poe, always refused to admit that he recreated this intimacy in the works he wrote after his translations of Poe, that is to say, after 1856. He was obviously deeply influenced by Poe’s essay Eureka presenting the human condition as a simultaneous movement of attraction and repulsion. This phenomenon of unconscious reappropriation is another clear manifestation of Harald Bloom’s Anxiety of Influence. Instead of fighting against the influence of the first writer, the second writer, moved by passion, prefers to vampirize him, to suck out his creative substance like the painter absorbs his bride’s life in Poe’s The Oval Portrait. This absorption that Bloom calls a tessera, both completes and betrays at the same time. Like physical possession, it satisfies temporarily the one who possesses, while stealing some independence from the one who is possessed. This symbolic betrayal linked to the linguistics possession of Poe by Baudelaire is quite relevant when one observes the mistakes made by the French poet in his translations, Baudelaire loved the English language and used it in an instinctive way, whereas translation requires technicity and precision, a full understanding of both the source and target language which he certainly lacked. In a letter written to Maria Clemm, Poe’s mother-in-law, and published in France in 1854 in the newspaper Le Pays, as a preface to one of his first translation, “Souvenirs de M. Auguste Bedloe,” we can read the following lines: “Adieu, madame; parmi les diffěrents saluts et les formules de complementation qui ne peuvent conclure une missive d’une ame àune ame, je n’en connais qu’une aux sentiments que m’inspire votre personne: goodness, godness”. It is not my purpose to translate the whole letter but we will concentrate on the two concluding words “goodness, godness” that Baudelaire adds in English at the end of his friendly message. His desire to play upon words and to show his mastery of the English language results in a poor lexical association that Mrs Clemm must have had some problems in understanding! Goodness is an exclamation, quite inappropriate in such a context and godness is a neologism, probably used here instead of godliness which would not have been correct either.Questions:47. The author seems to imply that Baudelaire___________.A. had no idea of literary influence.B. never thought of literary influence.C. never admitted that he was influenced by Poe.D. never appreciated the writings by Poe.48. The word “intimacy” in lines 4 probably means ___________.A. friendlinessB. sympathyC. loveD. privacy49. “Anxiety of influence” means the ______________.A. the second writer is influenced by the first writer, but he does not acknowledge it.B. the second writer does not want to be influenced, but he has to.C. the second writer purposely imitates the first writer, then he feels guilty of it.D. the second writer is not influenced by the first writer, but is accused of it.50. The nationality of Baudelaire is _____________.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. AmericanD. German51. This passage mainly discusses _______________.A. translationB. misunderstandingC. plagiarismD. influence52. According to Poe, attraction and repulsion are _______________.A. simultaneousB. unconsciousC. contradictoryD. both A and C.Passage3As a literary critic, surely my best source of information on “globalization” is literature and I hardly need to say that this subject is thematic in a great many works of contemporary Latin American fiction. In fact, Latin American literature includes a long tradition of cultural theorizing that addresses the nature and effects of cultural contact, and thus the processes of globalization avant la lettre. Since the first decades of the twentieth century, indigenista movements considered cultural (and racial) difference and contested the cultural homogeneity imposed by European and U.S. colonialism; indigenismo valorized indigenous traditions and practices, and reconstituted the question of cultural inclusiveness. The movement was led by the Peruvian intellectuals JoséCarlos Mariátegui and JoséMaria Arguedas, with related discussions of transculturation and national identity by Ezequiel Martinez Estrada in Argentina, Gilberto Freyre in Brazil, and Fernando Ortiz in Cuba, JoséVasconcelos, more than his contemporaries, celebrated the process of cultural contact: racial mestizaje had its apotheosis in the 1920s in Vasconcelos’s nationalistic concept of la raza cásmica (“the cosmic race”). Alejo Carpentier dramatizes this discussion: from his first novel in 1933 he recommends not that cultures struggle against colonialism to remain discrete in their differences, but, rather, that that they recognized cultural otherness and embrace it. His formulation of the neobarroco or New World Baroque provides an overarching structure to incorporate European, African, and indigenous cultures into a shared Latin American identity. In his 1975 essay “Lo barroco y lo real maravilloso” (“The Baroque and the Marvelous Real”), Carpentier asks: “And why is Latin America the chosen territory of the baroque? Because all symbiosis, all mestizaje, engenders the baroque. The American baroque develops along with… the awareness of being Other, of being new, of being symbiotic, of being criollo; and the criollo spirit is itself a baroque spirit”. Carpentier, and following him the Cuba writers JoséLezama Lima and Severo Sarduy, understood the irony of engaging the Baroque forms of the Spanish colonizers to construct a post-colonial identity and they turned effectively the neobarroco, or New World Baroque, into an instrument of contraconquista (counterconquest). The Neobaroque is an aesthetics and ideology of inclusion by which Latin American and Latino artists have defined themselves against colonizing structures, and continue to do so. Questions:53. The word “addresses” in line 3 probably means __________A. includesB. concernsC. relatesD. talks54. Indigenista movements most probably voiced the feeling of __________A. the colonizingB. the colonizedC. the EuropeanD. the American55. According to the author, minor nations and races ___________A. welcome globalizationB. fear globalizationC. resent cultural contactD. needs cultural contact56. The term “cultural otherness” probably means _____________A. difference in cultural identityB. cultural separationC. hostility among nationsD. cultural misunderstandings57. “The cosmic race” probably refers to ______________A. the incorporation of racesB. the communication among racesC. marriage among racesD. creation of a new race58. “Baroque spirit” means the willingness to ___________A. recognize and embrace differencesB. study foreign cultures with cautionC. reject foreign influenceD. protect local integrityPassage4Having said all of this, I should, perhaps, locate myself. I teach and write about a loose and baggy territory called las Américas, the Americas, and most often about the part of that category referred to as Latin America. This latter space includes nations, of course, but the demarcation is far more flexible because of its plural referent. The writers who inhabit this territory possess dual citizenship, for they are self-avowed “Latin American” writers at the same time that they are also Mexican, Argentine, Peruvian, or Cuban. In fact, they are often engaged deeply in describing their own national cultures and are far from ready to throw out the baby with the globalizing bathwater. Mexico is a particularly interesting case of the use of nation as a defense against the leveling pressures of globalization --- a nationalism of resistance, in Wallerstein’s terms, rather than a nationalism of domination. For example, the much debated NAFTA, the North American Free Trade Agreement --- or the TLC, Tratado de Libre Comercio ---- opened Mexico’s borders to American commercial onslaughts in the early 1990s, but in cultural matters, the treaty encodes a very different attitude. The Free Trade Agreement contains an Annex that provides special protection to Mexico’s cultural industries. Some of its provisions are as follows: 1) The use of the Spanish language is required for the broadcast, cable or multipoint distribution system of radio and television, except when the Secretaria de Gobernacián authorizes the use of another language; 2) A majority of the time of each day’s live broadcast programs must feature Mexican nationals;3)The use of the Spanish language or Spanish subtitles is required for advertising that is broadcast or otherwise distributed in the territory of Mexico; and 4) Thirty percent of screen time of every theatre, assessed on an annual basis, may be reserved for films produced by Mexican persons either within or outside the territory of Mexico. I should also like to mention that it was Canada that insisted on cultural industry protection clauses in the North American Free Trade Agreement originally and the Canadian government achieved partial success, at best. In comparison, protections of cultural industries are common throughout the European Union: France passed recently legislation requiring that French radio stations devote forty percent of airtime to French music, and Spain also passed a law requiring that one-fourth to one-third of all movies shown in Spanish theaters to be of Spanish origin. English has long protected its movie industry: the great film director Michael Powell got his start, as did other British directors during the 1930s, making what were called quota quickies. So, even as I suggest that comparatists may want to review our nationalist institutional and disciplinary structures in the light of global mobilities, nations continue to protect their cultures against those same forces.Questions:59. the phrase “ plural referent ” in line 3 refers to ____________.A. the nationsB. the writersC. the AmericasD. the cultures60. The phrase “throwing out the baby with the bathwater” probably means ____________.A. embracing the globalization forceB. discarding whatever is contaminated by globalizationC. taking advantage of globalization to foster national culturesD. no discrimination should be made between national and international cultures61. It can be inferred from the passage that Mexico is a country that _____________.A. rejects foreign culturesB. is afraid of foreign cultureC. protects national cultureD. protects national commerce62. Cultural industries include _________.A. radio and televisionB. newspapers and magazinesC. movies and musicD. all of them63. The provisions contained in the Annex to the Free Trade Agreement seem to focus on ______.A. LanguageB. territoryC. cultureD. citizenship64. Which of the following statements is not true?tin American countries protect their national industries.B.North American countries protect their national industries.C.European countries protect their national industries.D.Western superpowers are not afraid of being globalized.Passage 5Once the presence of these characteristics has been recognized, most discussions of globalization move directly to comparative cultural questions. Anthropologists, economists, ecologists, and political scientists all become cultural comparatists, weighing cultural differences against what is generally considered to be the inevitable function of globalization: the leveling of cultural difference. This comparative quotient runs inexorably, it seems, through discussions of globalization, and it should interest us as a profession, since our own most basic disciplinary methods are, of course, designed to recognize and interpret difference. I think of my work in comparative American cultures, for example, as moving along a spectrum between assumptions of basic cultural difference on the one hand and literary examples of shared attitudes and expressive structures on the other. I look for common contexts in order to ground my comparisons, but it is the differences that will matter most to my analysis. So, a mirror image begins to emerge, whereas the literary comparatist may be said to value significant differences and to study literature for what we may learn from those differences, the processes of globalization would seem to work in ways that are something like the reverse--- toward a leveling of significant difference in favor of insignificant sameness. But this comparison, too, will need to be complicated, for homogeneity and heterogeneity are not necessarily antithetical, and in fact may operate in dialectical relationship. Consider, for example, my third characteristics of globalization--- unprecedented levels of immigration ---- a circumstance that suggests the following paradox: the processes of globalization may homogenize tastes and habits by means of new information technologies and global markets, but at the same time they may also generate configuration of striking difference, as immigrants occupy new cultural and linguistics spaces. Nowhere is this more true than in the U.S., where we are experiencing the greatest migratory influx of our history. Certain regions of the country are more illustrative of this than others, of course, but let me say simply that my classes at the University of Houston are far more diverse culturally, linguistically, and ethnically than they were ten years ago--- a comparative cultural opportunity that I feel, frankly, I have not yet fully engaged in my own teaching and that our curricular and departmental structures have not yet fully responded to, either.Questions:65. The author implies that the inevitable function of globalization is ________.A. maintenance of differencesB. reduction of differencesC. promotion of cooperationD. exaltation of competition66. According to the passage, the main objective of comparison is to ________.。
上海交大经济学初试真题(20200917081843)
2、假定在某个三部门经济中,初始均衡状态始的已知变量为:税率t=,均衡
收入U0=100万元,边际消费倾向为b=。现在设税率减至t'=,政府减少购买10万元,即厶
G=—10万元、求新的均衡收入Y'。税收变化△t和政府预算变化厶BS
论述题:(每题20分,共40分)
用生产可能性边界图, 说明一个社会的经济增长依赖技术进步是最有可行性
实际商业周期理论中,供给冲击的要义 说明或图示(每小题20分,共80分)
设一产品的市场需求函数为Q=1000-10P,成本函数为C=40Q试求:
如果该产品为一垄断厂商生产,利润最大化时的产量,价格和利润为多
计算
11.
(1)
少
(2)
(3)
13.希克斯均衡模型中,利率决定于。
上海交通大学2001年研究生入学考试题(第二部分)
14.凯恩斯否定利息是储蓄的报酬这一经典观点,主张利息是。
15.持久收入假说的主要代表人是;相对收入假说的主要代表人是。
16.税收乘数与转移支付乘数的唯一区别是。
17.在多马经济增长模型中,生产能力的增长等于。
18.“黄金输出点”机制正常起作用时,汇率是波动的,其变动幅度恰好等于。
1.作图说明完全垄断企业的长期均衡
2.运用IS-LM的基本原理,说明我国经济目前所处的状态,一集应该采取的 政策主张(作图)
上海交通大学2001年研究生入学考试题(第一部分)
试题序号:438试题名称:经济学
一、基本概念题:(每题2分)
1.在一个两商品模型中,收入消费曲线随收入的增加而趋近于X轴,则我们可以判断:X是
某人仅消费X和Y两种产品,其效用函数为:U= +100Y-其收入1=672,=4, 推导出此人对Y的需求函数 如果=14,此人将消费多少X在均衡状态下,计算此人对X的需求收入弹性
上海交大2004考研数学分析
2004年上海交通大学 数学分析一(14)设lim n n a a →∞=,证明22lim221anna a a n n =+++∞→ 证 因2n x n =∞ ,故利用Stolz 公式,11limlim n n n n n n n ny y yx x x +→∞→∞+-=-,得12112222(1)1limlim lim lim (1)212n n n n n n n a a na n a n aa n n n n ++→∞→∞→∞→∞+++++===+-+ 二(14)证明2sin()x 在[)+∞,0上不一致连续.证因n x =n y =22sin sin 1n n x y -=,0n n x y -=-=→,故2sin()x 在[)+∞,0上不一致连续.三(14)设)(x f 在[]a 2,0上连续,且)0(f =)2(a f ,证明∃0x ∈[]a ,0,使)(0x f =)(0a x f +证 作()()()g x f x a f x =+-([]0,x a ∈),则()g x 在[]0,a 上连续,因)0(f =)2(a f ,故(2)(0)g a g =-,情形1 若(0)0g =,则取00x =,则)(0x f =)(0a x f +, 情形2 若(0)0g ≠,则因2(2)(0)(0)0g a g g =-<,故由介值定理知,存在[]00,x a ∈,使得0()0g x =,即)(0x f =)(0a x f +.四(14)证明不等式x π2<x sin <x ,⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∈2,0πx证 作sin ()x f x x =,π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则因22cos sin cos ()(tan )0x x x xf x x x x x-'==-<,故sin ()x f x x =在π0,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上严格单调减少,而0lim ()1x f x →=,π22lim ()πx f x →=, 因此,在π0,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上,有2sin ()1πx f x x <=<,即x π2<x sin <x .五 (14) 设()d af x x +∞⎰收敛,且)(x f 在[)+∞,a 上一致连续,证明)(lim x f x +∞→= 0.证 因)(x f 在[)+∞,a 上一致连续,故0ε∀>,0δ∃>,使得当[)12,,t t a ∈+∞且12t t δ-<时,有12()()2f t f t ε-<,令(1)()d a n n a n u f x x δδ++-=⎰,则由积分第一中值定理得,[](1),n x a n a n δδ∃∈+-+,使得(1)()d ()a n n n a n u f x x f x δδδ++-==⎰.因()d af x x +∞⎰收敛,故级数1n n u ∞=∑收敛,从而0n u →,即()0n f x δ→,也即()0n f x →,故对上述的ε,存在N +∈ ,使得当n N >时,()2n f x ε<.取X a N δ=+,则当x X >时,因[)[)0,(1),k x a a k a k δδ∞=∈∞=+-+故存在惟一的k +∈ ,使得[)(1),x a k a k δδ∈+-+,易见k N >,且k x x δ-<,从而()()()()22k k f x f x f x f x εεε≤+-<+=六(14)设211n x n -=,121d n n n x x x +=⎰,1,2,n = ,证明级数()∑∞=--111n nn x 收敛.解. 11211d ln |ln(1)n n n n nx x x x n ++===+⎰,因2121n nS S k+=+,故只要证 ()1211111ln(1)nnk n k k k S x kk -==⎡⎤=-=-+⎢⎥⎣⎦∑∑22111()2n k k k =⎡⎤=+⎢⎥⎣⎦∑ 收敛即可.七(14)设)(x f 在[]1,0上连续,)1(f = 0 ,n n x x f x g )()(= ,1,2,n = , 证明)}({x g n 在[]1,0上一致收敛.八(12)设()f x 在[]1,0上连续,证明10lim ()d n n n x f x x →∞⎰=)1(f .证 (1)(令n t x =,则10()d n n x f x x ⎰111()d n nt f t t =⎰,(2)因()f x 在[]1,0上连续,故0M ∃>,使得()f x M ≤,[]0,1x ∈,(3)0ε∀>,记3a Mε=,不妨设01a <<,则11110()d ()d d 3aa an nnnt f t t t f t t M t Ma ε≤≤==⎰⎰⎰,(4)111111111()d (1)[()(1)]d ()(1)d n nnnnnaa at f t t f tf t f t t f t f t -=-≤-⎰⎰⎰11111()(1)(1)(1)d nnnnat f t t f t f f t =-+-⎰1111()(1)d (1)1d nnaaf t f t f t t ≤-+-⎰⎰(5)因()f x 在[]1,0上连续,故()f x 在[]1,0上一致连续,故对上述的正数ε,0δ∃>,当[]12,0,1x x ∈且12x x δ-<时,有12()()3(1)f x f x a ε-<-(6)因1lim 1nn a →∞=,记min{,}3(1)M a εεδ*=-,则存在正整数N ,使得当n N >时,有11na ε*-<,(7)当(,1)t a ∈时,有111111nnnt t a -=-≤-,从而当n N >时,有1111()(1)d (1)1d 33nnaaf t f t f t t εε-+-<+⎰⎰(8)由(3)和(7)知,当n N >时,有1110()d (1)nnt f t t f -⎰1111102()d ()d (1)33an n n na t f t t t f t t f εεε≤+-<+=⎰⎰九(12)设1a >0,1+n a =n a +n a 1,证明n =1证 (1)要证n =1 ,只要证2lim 12nn a n →∞=,即只要证221lim 1(22)2n nn a a n n +→∞-=+-,即证221lim()2n n n a a +→∞-= (2)因1+n a =n a +n a 1,故110n n n a a a +-=>,1211n n na a a +=+ 2211112211()()112n n n n n n n n n n na a a a a a a a a a a +++++-=-+==++=+ 因此只要证21lim0n na →∞=,即只要证lim n n a →∞=∞ (3)由110n n na a a +-=>知,{}n a 单调增加,假如{}n a 有上界,则{}n a 必有极限a ,由1+n a =n a +n a 1知,a =a +1a,因此10a =,矛盾. 这表明{}n a 单调增加、没有上界,因此lim n n a →∞=∞. (证完)十(28)计算下述积分:1.d x y ⎰⎰,其中D 是矩形区域x 1≤,20≤≤y解 记21{(,)|1,02,0}D x y x y y x =≤≤≤-≤22{(,)|1,02,0}D x y x y y x =≤≤≤≤-,2d d d DD D x y x y x y =+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰2112221122211d ()d d ()d x x x x y y x y x y --=-+-⎰⎰⎰⎰332211221122()d (2)d 33x x x x --=+-⎰⎰ 332211220044()d (2)d 33x x x x =+-⎰⎰ π143400416d cos d 33x x t t =+⎰⎰()x t =这里 π2401161cos2d 332t t +⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭⎰ π40141cos412cos2d 332t t t +⎛⎫=+++ ⎪⎝⎭⎰ π40143sin 4sin 23328t t t ⎡⎤=+++⎢⎥⎣⎦ 143ππ5133823⎛⎫=++=+ ⎪⎝⎭ 2.22d d ()d d d d Syz y z x z y z x xy x y +++⎰⎰,其中S 是曲面224z x y +=-上0≥y 的那部分正侧.解 记22{(,,)|4,0}x y z x z y ∑=+≤=(取下侧),22{(,,)|04}V x y z y x z =≤≤--,则V S ∂=+∑,由高斯公式知,2222d d ()d d d d ()d d d 0SS Vyz y z x z y z x xy x y x z x y z +∑∑+++=-=++⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰2242222()d d d d ()d d Vx z x z x y z yx z x z +=+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰42012π(4)d 4y y =-⎰ 430π32π(4)63y ⎡⎤=--=⎣⎦。
上海交通大学硕士研究生入学考试试题库(生物化学)
上海交通大学硕士研究生入学考试试题库(生物化学)一:选择题100’1、对于肌糖原下列哪个说法是错误的A.在缺氧的情况下可生成乳酸B.含量较为恒定C.能分解产生葡萄糖D.只能由葡萄糖合成E.贮存量较大2、丙酮酸羧化酶催化生成的产物是A.乳酸B.丙酮酸C.苹果酸D.丙二酸单酰CoAE.草酰乙酸3、糖有氧氧化、糖酵解和糖原合成的交叉点是在:A.1-磷酸葡萄糖B.6-磷酸果糖C.3-磷酸甘油醛D.6-磷酸葡萄糖E.5-磷酸核糖4、.糖异生过程经过下列哪条途径:A.磷酸戊糖途径B.丙酮酸羧化支路C.三羧酸循环D.乳酸循环E.糖醛酸途径5、人体内不能合成的脂肪酸是A.油酸B.亚油酸C.硬脂酸D.软脂酸E.月桂酸6、机体中以下哪种物质不足会导致脂肪肝:A.丙氨酸B.磷酸二羟丙酮C.VitAD.柠檬酸E.胆碱7、.利用酮体的酶不存在于下列哪个组织A.肝B.脑C.肾D.心肌E.骨骼肌8、.下列哪一项不是呼吸链的组成成分:A.NADHB.NADPHC.FADH2D.FMNH2E.Cytaa39、下列哪一种是磷酸化抑制剂:A.鱼藤酮B.抗霉素AC.寡霉素D.COE.NaN310、下列哪一组全部为必需氨基酸A.苏氨酸,色氨酸,苯丙氨酸,赖氨酸B.异高氨酸,丝氨酸,苏氨酸,缬氨酸C.亮氨酸,蛋氨酸,脯氨酸,苯丙氨酸D.亮氨酸,丝氨酸,缬氨酸,谷氨酸E.亮氨酸,丙氨酸,组氨酸,酪氨酸11、转氨酶的辅酶是:A.维生素B1的衍生物B.维生素B2C.维生素B12的衍生物D.生物素E.维生素B6的磷酸脂,磷酸吡哆醛12、维生素D的最高活性形式是:A.25-羟维生素D3B.维生素D3C.1,25-二羟维生素D3D.7-脱氢胆固醇E.1,24,25-三羟维生素D313、下述哪种分离方法可得到不变性的蛋白质制剂:A.苦味酸沉淀B.硫酸铜沉淀C.常温下乙醇沉淀D.硫酸钠沉淀E.加热14、某一符合米曼氏方程的酶,当[S]=2Km时,其反应速度V等于:A.VmaxB.2/3VmaxC.3/2VmaxD.2VmaxE.1/2Vmax15、酶的非竞争性抑制作用的特点是:A.抑制剂与酶的活性中心结构相似B.抑制剂与酶作用的底物结构相似C.抑制作用强弱与抑制剂浓度无关D.抑制作用不受底物浓度的影响E.动力学曲线中Vmax不变,Km值变小16、上述9肽中含有的碱性氨基酸是:A.组氨酸,精氨酸B.精氨酸,赖氨酸C.谷氨酸,赖氨酸D.谷氨酸,丝氨酸E.丝氨酸,酪氨酸17、欲获得不变性的蛋白质制剂,可采用下述哪种分离方法:A.生物碱试剂沉淀B.重金属盐沉淀C.常温乙醇沉淀D.低温盐析E.加热18、有关全酶的描述下列哪一项不正确:A.全酶由酶蛋白和辅助因子组成B.通常一种酶蛋白和特定的辅助因子结合C.而一种辅助因子则可与不同的酶蛋白结合D.酶促反应的特异性取决于辅助因子E.酶促反应的高效率取决于酶蛋白19、下列哪个过程是酶原的激活过程A.前胶原→原胶原B.胰岛素原→胰岛素C.凝血因子I→IaD.凝血因子II→IIaE.糖原合成D→I20、已知两种酶互为同工酶:A.它们的Km的值一定相同B.它们的等电点相同C.它们的分子结构一定相同D.它们所催化的化学反应相同E.它们的辅基一定相同21、抗干眼病维生素是指:A.VitAB.VitKC.VitCD.VitDE.VitE22、防止恶性贫血的维生素是:A.VitB6B.VitKC.叶酸D.VitB12E.VitB12和叶酸23、己糖激酶(HK)和葡萄糖激酶(GK)之间的差别在于:A.GK受胰岛素的抑制B.GK受G-6的抑制C.GK对葡萄糖的Km值较高D.HK对葡萄糖的亲和力较低E.HK受葡萄糖的诱导24、对于三羧酸循环,下列哪项是错误的:A.它是糖、脂肪和蛋白质在体内彻底氧化的共同代谢途径B.反应不可逆C.催化反应的酶都在线粒体内D.一分子乙酰CoA进入该循环可产生12分子ATPE.四次脱氢的受氢体均为NAD+25、磷酸戊糖通路产生的两种重要中间产物是:A.NADPH+H+和6-磷酸葡萄糖醛酸B.NADH+H+和6-磷酸葡萄糖醛酸C.NADH+H+和5-磷酸核糖D.NADPH+H+和5-磷酸核糖E.FADH2和6-磷酸果糖26、对于下列各种血浆脂蛋白,哪种描述是正确的:A.CM主要转运内源性TGB.VLDL转运外源性TGC.HDL主要将Ch从肝内转运至肝外组织D.LDL主要是将肝外的Ch转运到肝内27、酮体生成的关键酶是:A.HMG-CoA还原酶B.琥珀酰CoA转硫酶C.硫解酶D.硫激酶E.HMG-CoA合成酶28、在下列哪种情况下,可导致脂肪肝的发生:A.高糖饮食B.胆碱的缺乏C.脑磷脂缺乏D.胰岛素分泌增加E.胰高血糖素分泌增加29、Cytaa3的辅基为:A.FMNB.FADC.CoQ10D.血红素AE.血红素30、呼吸链抑制剂抗霉素A专一抑制以下哪一处的电子传递:A.NADH→CoQB.CoQ→CytbC.Cyte→Cytaa3D.Cytaa3→O2E.FAD→CoQ31、下列哪一种是氧化磷酸化的解偶联剂:A.寡霉素-C.COD.鱼藤酮E.2,4-二硝基酚(DNP)32、下列哪一种氨基酸是非必需氨基酸:A.酪氨酸B.苯丙氨酸C.亮氨酸D.异亮氨酸E.赖氨酸33、转氨酶的辅酶来自:A.维生素B1B.维生素B2C.维生素B6D.维生素B12E.维生素C34、下列哪一种氨基酸为生酮氨基酸:A.丝氨酸B.亮氨酸C.苏氨酸D.组氨酸E.蛋氨酸35、构成天然蛋白质的基本单位是:A.L-α-氨基酸B.D-α-氨基酸C.多肽D.α-螺旋E.核苷酸36维持蛋白质一级结构的键是:A.氢键B.盐键C.疏水键D.肽键E.3',5'-磷酸二酯键37.有关辅酶的正确叙述是:A.本质为蛋白质B.决定酶的特异性C.组成单位为氨基酸D.所有酶结构中都含有辅酶E.一种辅酶能与多种酶蛋白结合,形成具有不同特异性的全酶38.把酶蛋白完全水解,其产物为:A.辅酶或辅基B.多肽C.寡肽D.氨基酸E.核苷酸39.用来治疗坏血病的维生素是:A.维生素AB.维生素B族C.维生素CD.维生素DE.维生素E40.体内直接供能物质主要是:A.ATPB.CTPC.GTPD.UTPE.TTP41.使血糖降低的激素有:A.胰岛素B.胰高糖素C.肾上腺素D.生长激素E.糖皮质激素42、糖与脂肪的分解代谢不能生成:A.CO2B.H2OC.ATPD.NADH+E.H2S43、氰化物中毒是因为它阻断了呼吸链的哪个环节:A.NAD+→FMNB.FMN→CoQC.FAD→CoQD.CoQ→CytE.Cyt→O244、RNA的生物合成是指:A.DNA复制B.转录C.反转录D.修复E.翻译45、反密码子位于:A.DNAB.mRNAC.rRNAD.tRNAE.核蛋白体46、DNA半保留复制不需要:A.冈崎片段B.引物酶C.DNA聚合酶D.氨基酰tRNA合成酶E.DNA连接酶47各种蛋白质含氮量很接近,平均为:A.24%B.55%C.16%D.6.25%14、蛋白质不同于氨基酸的理化性质为:A.等电点B.两性电离C.呈色反应D.胶体性48、酶促反应速度与下列因素成正比:A.温度B.PH值C.酶浓度D.底物浓度49、缺乏维生素C将导致:A.坏血病B.夜盲症C.贫血D.癞皮病50、下列哪种激素为降糖激素:A.胰岛素B.胰高血糖素C.生长素D.肾上腺素51、乳酸转变为葡萄糖的过程属于:A.糖酵解B.糖原合成C.糖异生D.糖的有氧氧化52、一分子葡萄糖经有氧氧化可产生多少分子ATP?A.36(38)B.2(3)C.24(26)D.12(15)53、脂肪酸合成的直接原料是:A.乙酰CoAB.甘油C.丙酮酸D.草酰乙酸54、呼吸链中将电子直接传递给氧的组分是:A.NADHB.FADC.Cytaa3D.CoQ55、转运外源性脂肪的血浆脂蛋白是:A.CMB.VLDLC.LDLD.HDL56、2,4-二硝基酚是氧化磷酸化的一种:A.电子传递抑制剂B.磷酸化抑制剂C.解偶联剂D.激活剂57、肌肉在静止状态时,能量的储存形式是:A.肌酸B.磷酸肌酸C.ATPD.GTP58、关于tRNA的结构与功能正确的叙述是:A.tRNA不具有二级结构B.tRNA具有转肽酶活性C.tRNA将氨基酸携至核糖体D.反密码子环不是tRNA特有的59、核糖体的生物活性不包括:A.与mRNA模板结合B.具有P位和A位两个tRNA结合位点C.为蛋白合成提供能量D.水解酶活性60、竞争性抑制剂的动力学特点是A.Km值变大,Vmax不变B.Km值变大,Vmax增大C.Km值变小,Vmax增大D.Km值不变,Vmax变小E.Km值不变,Vmax变大61、关于磷酸果糖激酶,下列哪一个描述是错误的A.是糖有氧化过程中最主要的限速酶B.是变构酶,位于胞浆C.柠檬酸是变构激活剂,ATP为变构抑制剂D.胰岛素能诱导其生成E.催化反应时消耗ATP62、有关葡萄糖酵解的描述,下列哪项错误A.1克分子葡萄糖净生成2克分子ATPB.ATP的生成部位在胞浆C.ATP是通过底物水平磷酸化生成的D.ATP是通过H在呼吸链传递生成的E.ATP的生成不耗氧63、以下哪句话正确:A.蛋白质变性必沉淀B.蛋白质沉淀必变性C.蛋白质凝固必变性D.蛋白质变性必凝固64、蛋白质变性时不应出现的变化是:A.蛋白质的溶解度降低B.失去原有的生理功能C.蛋白的天然构象破坏D.蛋白质分子中各种次级键被破坏E.蛋白质分子个别肽键被破坏65、逆转录酶催化A.以RNA为模板的DNA合成B.以DNA为模板的RNA合成C.以mRNA为模板的蛋白质合成D.以DNA为模板的DNA合成E.以RNA为模板的RNA合成66、反密码子是位于A. DNAB. mRNAC. rRNAD. tRNAE.多肽链67、柠檬酸循环被认为是一个需氧代谢途径,是因为A. 循环中的某些反应是以氧为底物 B .CO2是该循环的一个产物C. 产生了H2OD.还原型的辅因子需通过电子传递链被氧化E.以上都不对68、Km值是指A.酶-底物复合物的解离常数B.酶促反应达到最大速度时所需底物浓度的一半C.达到1/2Vamx时所需的底物浓度D.酶促反应的底物常数E.酶与底物的亲和常数69.下列哪项叙述符合脂肪酸的β氧化:A.仅在线粒体中进行B.产生的NADPH用于合成脂肪酸C.被胞浆酶催化D.产生的NADPH用于葡萄糖转变成丙酮酸E.需要酰基载体蛋白参与70 .脂肪酸在细胞中氧化降解A.从酰基CoA开始B.产生的能量不能为细胞所利用C.被肉毒碱抑制D.主要在细胞核中进行E.在降解过程中反复脱下三碳单位使脂肪酸链变短71.下列哪些辅因子参与脂肪酸的β氧化:A ACPB FMNC 生物素D NAD+72.脂肪酸从头合成的酰基载体是:A.ACP B.CoA C.生物素 D.TPP73.下述关于从乙酰CoA合成软脂酸的说法,哪些是正确的(多选)?A.所有的氧化还原反应都以NADPH做辅助因子;B.在合成途径中涉及许多物质,其中辅酶A是唯一含有泛酰巯基乙胺的物质;C.丙二酰单酰CoA是一种“被活化的“中间物;D.反应在线粒体内进行。
上海交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试题
上海交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试题数学分析试题解答一.(14分)设a a n n =∞→lim ,证明22lim221an na a a n n =+++∞→ .证明法一:利用平均极限定理.记n n a a b -=,则n n a b a =+,lim 0n n b →∞=.记12n n S b b b =+++ , 则12limlim lim 0n nn n n n S b b b b n n →∞→∞→∞+++=== .11S b =,212S b b =+,……12n n S b b b =+++ .将以上n 各式子相加得: 1212(1)n n S S S nb n b b +++=+-++从而 1212(2)()n n b b nb S S S +++++++ []1212(2)(1)n n b b nb nb n b b =+++++-++12()n n n b b b nS =+++= ,所以 12122()n n n b b nb nS S S S +++=-+++故 1212222()lim lim n n n n n b b nb nS S S S n n→∞→∞+++-+++= 122()lim n n n S S S S n n →∞+++⎡⎤=-⎢⎥⎣⎦ 121lim lim n n n n S S S S n n n →∞→∞+++⎛⎫=-⋅ ⎪⎝⎭1210lim lim 0n n n S S S n n →∞→∞+++=-⋅= .1212222...()2()...()lim lim n n n n a a na b a b a n b a n n→∞→∞+++++++++= 122222lim n n b b nb a a na n n →∞++++++⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭1222(1)22lim lim 022n n n n n ab b nb a a n n →∞→∞++++=+=+= . 证明法二:利用Stolz 公式.令122n n x a a na =+++ ,2n y n =,则{}n y 严格增加且lim n n y →∞=+∞,112121(2)[2(1)]n n n n n x x a a na a a n a na ---=+++-+++-= .根据Stolz 公式得12122212 (i)lim lim lim (1)n n n n nn n n n n n n a a na x x x na n y y y n n -→∞→∞→∞→∞-+++-===--- 1lim lim lim 212122n n n n n na n a a a n n →∞→∞→∞==⋅=⋅=--. 二.(14分)证明)sin(2x 在),0[+∞上不一致连续.证明:令22ππ+=n x n ,πn y n 2=, ,2,1=n .则1)sin()sin(22≡-n ny x , 02221222→++=-+=-ππππππn n n n y x n n (∞→n )因此)sin(2x 在),0[+∞上不一致连续. 或210=∃ε,0>∀δ,∃22ππ+=n x n ,πn y n 2=,其中22111δδ>+⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=n . 尽管δππππππ<<++=-+=-nn n n n y x n n 12221222,但0221)sin()sin(ε>≡-n n y x ,因此)sin(2x 在),0[+∞上不一致连续.三.(14分)设)(x f 在]2,0[a 上连续,且)0(f =)2(a f .证明],0[0a x ∈∃,使得)(0x f )(0a x f +=. 证明:令)()()(x f a x f x g -+=,],0[a x ∈.则)(x g 在],0[a 上连续,且)0()()0(f a f g -=, )()2()(a f a f a g -=)0()()0(g a f f -=-=.情形1 若0)0(=g ,取00=x 或a x =0,则],0[0a x ∈且)(0x f =)(0a x f +.情形 2 若0)0(≠g ,则因为0)0()()0(2<-=g a g g ,故由介值定理知:),0(0a x ∈∃,使得0)(0=x g ,即)(0x f =)(0a x f +.四.(14分)证明不等式x π2<x sin <x ,⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∈2,0πx . 证明:令⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≤<=.0,1,20,sin )(x x x xx f π则)(x f 在⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡2,0π上连续,在⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛2,0π内可导,且 0)(tan cos sin cos )(22<--=-='x x x xx x x x x f , 因此)(x f 在⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡2,0π上严格减少,所以当⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∈2,0πx 时,有)0()(2f x f f <<⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛π,即x x x<<sin 2π. 五. (14分) 若无穷积分⎰+∞adx x f )(收敛,且)(x f 是),[+∞a 上的一致连续,则0)(lim=+∞→x f x .证明:0>∀ε, 由于)(x f 是),[+∞a 上的一致连续,因此,0>∃δ(不妨设εδ≤),使得 当),[,21+∞∈a x x 且δ<-21x x 时,有 2)()(21ε<-x f x f ;又由⎰+∞adx x f )(收敛的Cauchy 准则知:对022>δ,a A >∃,使得当A x x >''',时,有2)(2δ<⎰'''x x dx x f ;当A x >时,取x x ''',使x x x A ''<<'<,且δ='-''x x ,可估计得:22)()()()()]()([)()(2δδεδ+<+-≤+-==⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰'''''''''''''''x x x x x x x x x x dt t f dt t f x f dt t f dt t f x f dt x f x f ,因此当A x >时,有εδε≤+<-220)(x f ,即0)(lim =+∞→x f x .六.(14分)设n x n 112=-,⎰+=121n n n dx x x , ,2,1=n .证明级数∑∞=--11)1(n n n x 收敛. 证明: 因为1212121111-++=<=<+=⎰n n n n n x ndx x x n x , ,2,1=n . 所以数列{}n x 严格减少且0lim =∞→n n x ,故交错级数∑∞=--11)1(n n n x 收敛.七.(14分)设)(x f 在]1,0[上连续,0)1(=f ,n n x x f x g )()(=, ,2,1=n .证明:)}({x g n 在]1,0[上一致收敛.证明:ⅰ>因为)(x f 在]1,0[上连续,所以)(x f 在]1,0[上有界,因此0>∃M ,使得]1,0[∈∀x ,有M x f ≤)(.0>∀ε,ⅱ>因为)(x f 在1=x 处左连续,所以0)(>=∃εδδ(不妨设1<δ),使得当11≤<-x δ时,有ε<=-)()1()(x f f x f .从而当11≤<-x δ时,有ε<≤=)()()(x f x x f x g n n .ⅲ>因为0)1(lim =-∞→nn M δ,所以)(εN N =∃,使得当N n >时,有εδ<-<n M )1(0.从而当Nn >时,]1,0[δ-∈∀x ,有εδ<-≤=nn n M x x f x g )1()()(.ⅳ>当N n >时,]1,0[∈∀x ,⑴当]1,0[δ-∈x 时, 有εδ<-≤=nn n M x x f x g )1()()(.⑵当]1,1(δ-∈x 时, 有ε<≤=)()()(x f x x f x g nn .综上所述当N n >时,]1,0[∈∀x , 都有ε<)(x g n .因此)}({x g n 在]1,0[上一致收敛于0. 八.(12分)设)(x f 在]1,0[上连续,证明:)1()(lim 1f dx x f x n nn =⎰∞→.证明:⑴因为)(x f 在]1,0[上连续,所以)(x f 在]1,0[上有界,因此0>∃M ,使得]1,0[∈∀x ,有M x f ≤)(.⑵令t x n=,则nt x =,dt ntt dx n=,dt t f t dx x f x n n n n)()(1010⎰⎰=.⑶0ε∀>(不妨设8M ε<),记8a Mε=,则01a <<.00(1)])(1)2243af f dt f f dt M Ma εε⎤-≤+≤≤=<⎦⎰⎰⎰, 1,2,n = .⑷1(1)](1)(1)(1)(1)d aaaf dt f dt f t -≤-=-+-⎰⎰⎰(1)d (1)1d af f t f t ≤-+⎰⎰.⑸因为()f x 在[0,1]上连续,故()f x 在[0,1]上一致连续,故对03(1)a ε>-,0δ∃>,使得12,[0,1]x x ∀∈,当12x x δ-<时,有12()()3(1)f x f x a ε-<-.⑹因为1n =,所以对min ,,03(1)3M a εεεδ*⎧⎫=>⎨⎬-⎩⎭,则N ∃,使得当n N >时,1ε*<.⑺当n N >时,有(,1]t a ∀∈,111ε*=<.从而当n N >时,有1(1)1d 1d d (1)3aaf t M t M t M a εεε**≤<<-≤⎰⎰⎰,11(1)d (1)d d 3aaf f t f f t t εεε**-≤-≤<≤⎰⎰⎰.⑻综上所述知当n N >时,有⎰⎰-=-110)]1()([)1()(dt f t f t f dt t f t nn n n ⎰⎰-+-=1)]1()([)]1()([an n n an dt f t f t dt f t f t10(1)](1)]aa f dt f dt≤-+-⎰⎰(1)](1)d (1)1d aaaf dt f f t f t ≤-+-+⎰⎰⎰333εεεε<++=.因此)1()(lim 10f dx x f x n nn =⎰∞→.九.(12分)设01>a ,n n n a a a 11+=+.证明:12lim =∞→na n n .证明:ⅰ>因为01>a ,所以01112>+=a a a ,假设0>n a ,则011>+=+n n n a a a .根据数学归纳法知: 0>n a , ,2,1=n .由011>=-+nn n a a a 知{}n a 严格增加.假如{}n a 有上界,则{}n a 收敛,记a a n n =∞→lim .在nn n a a a 11+=+中令∞→n 得:a a a 1+=,即01=a ,矛盾.因此{}n a 单调增加但无上界,故+∞=∞→n n a lim .ⅱ>因为2111nn n a a a +=+,所以 21111221121))((nn n n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a +=+=+=+-=-+++++, 从而2)(lim 221=-+∞→n n n a a .ⅲ>由于{}n 2严格增加且+∞=∞→n n 2lim ,利用Stolz 公式得:n n a a n a nn n n n 2)22(lim2lim 2212-+-=+∞→∞→12lim 221=-=+∞→n n n a a .因此12lim=∞→na n n .十.(28分)计算下述积分:1.⎰⎰-Ddxdy x y 2,其中D 是矩形区域x 1≤,20≤≤y .解:记{}0,20,1),(21≤-≤≤≤=x y y x y x D , {}0,20,1),(22≥-≤≤≤=x y y x y x D .=-⎰⎰Ddxdy x y 2⎰⎰⎰⎰-+-2122D D dxdy x y dxdy x y⎰⎰⎰⎰-+-=--221121122x xdy x y dx dy y x dx 22321102321122)(32)(32x x x y dx y x dx -⋅+-⋅-=⎰⎰--⎰⎰---+=11232113)2(3232dx x dx x ⎰⎰-+=1232103)2(3434dx x dx x )sin 2()sin 22(343140232104⎰-+=πt d t x ⎰+=404cos 31631πtdt ⎰⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++=40222cos 131631πdt t ⎰⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++++=4024cos 12cos 213431πdt t t 4084sin 2sin 233431π⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+++=t t t ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛++=1833431π235π+=. 2.⎰⎰+++Sxydxdy ydzdx z x yzdydz )(22,其中S 是曲面224z x y +=-上0≥y 的那部分正侧.解:记{}4),0,(221≤+=z x z x S (取左侧),{}2240),,(z x y z y x --≤≤=Ω,则1S S =Ω∂,由高斯公式知,⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰-≤+Ω+=+=+++yz x Vdxdz z xdydxdydz z x xydxdy ydzdx z xyzdydz 4224222222)()()(332)4(2402ππ=-=⎰dy y .而0)(122=+++⎰⎰S xydxdy ydzdx z x yzdydz ,因此332)(22π=+++⎰⎰Sxydxdy ydzdx z x yzdydz . 或曲面S:224z x y --=,{}4),(),(22≤+=∈x z x z D x z .因此z z y 2-=∂∂,x xy 2-=∂∂. ⎰⎰+++Sxydxdyydzdx z xyzdydz )(22⎰⎰⋅--+--++⋅--=Ddzdx z z x x y x z x x z z x ]2)4()4)((2)4[(22222222⎰⎰++--=Ddzdx z x xz z x )2)(4(2222⎰⎰+-=222220)cos sin 4)(4(rdr r r r d θθθπ⎰⎰-=203220)4(dr r r d πθ332622064ππ=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=r r .第二型曲面积分计算公式:ⅰ>若曲面S 的方程为:(,),(,)z f x y x y D =∈,则(,,)(,,)(,,)SP x y z dydz Q x y z dzdx R x y z dxdy ++⎰⎰[(,,(,))(,)(,,(,))(,)(,,(,))]x y DP x y f x y f x y Q x y f x y f x y R x y f x y dxdy ''=±--+⎰⎰,上侧取“+”, 下侧取“-”.ⅱ>若曲面S 的方程为:(,),(,)y g z x z x D =∈,则(,,)(,,)(,,)SP x y z dydz Q x y z dzdx R x y z dxdy ++⎰⎰[(,(,),)(,)(,(,),)(,(,),)(,)]x z DP x g z x z g z x Q x g z x z R x g z x z g z x dzdx ''=±-+-⎰⎰,右侧取“+”, 左侧取“-”.ⅲ>若曲面S 的方程为:(,),(,)x h y z y z D =∈,则(,,)(,,)(,,)SP x y z dydz Q x y z dzdx R x y z dxdy ++⎰⎰[((,),,)((,),,)(,)((,),,)(,)]y z DP h y z y z Q h y z y z h y z R h y z y z h y z dxdy ''=±--⎰⎰.前侧取“+”, 后侧取“-”.。
上海交通大学2004年英研水平测试真题
A. responses B. expressions C. performance D.
inquiries
9. As translators move from word to word and from sentence to
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日语 法语 德语 西班牙语
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the sentence both in form and meaning. For every correct
choice, you will get one point
1. I object to you speaking of 'learning French as a second
2. For this situation, learning and using English for wider
communication __ a country, particularly for educational,
intermediate and advanced learners can profit from the
上海交通大学2004年理论力学专业课考研真题试卷
上海交通大学2004年理论力学专业课考研真题试卷
2004年理论力学一共8题,简介如下
1、15分空间里系简化,一个正方体上几条边作用着几个力
2、20分平面力系(静力学),一个杆铰接于墙上,杆下有一轮子与地接触,杆上,轮心各作用一个力,杆与轮,轮与地有摩擦,
求使轮运动的力
3、20分运动学两个问题,,直角杆铰接于墙其上有一轮子,杆有角速度;求速度,加速度
4、20分虚位移原理三个铰接杆其上作用力,力偶,分布力系一个垂直于地,一个水平,一个与地面
成一定角度铰接于地,求垂直杆固于地处的力及力偶
5、20分动力学一杆与地面成一定角度,一端与墙铰接,一端活动铰置于光滑地面,,其上有一轮,求轮从高端下滑是,两铰链处
所受之力
6、20分可用动静法,达兰贝尔原理求解,一轮铰接于地,轮内有一杆其一端铰接于轮,轮内光滑,轮以一定角速度运动,求杆两
端的约速反力
7、20分碰撞一滑块其上铰接一直杆,滑块置于光滑滑道内,,杆下端受一水平冲量,求杆运动到水平位置时的冲量大小
8、15分拉格朗日微分方程滑块置于竖直滑道内,其上部连接弹簧,下端铰接一杆,此杆下端与一轮边缘铰接。
建立系统运动微分方
程。
上海交通大学历年考研真题2002-2012(1)
上海交通大学历年考研试题2002年行政学一、名词解释(每题4分,10题,共40分)1、行政制度2、行政行为3、行政主体4、编制5、行为科学6、行政协调7、行政文化8、行政过程9、预算 10、组织行政二、简述题(每题10分,4题,共40分)1、行政激励的方法。
2、非正式组织及其特点。
3、公正性的标准。
4、我国社会主义民主政治下的行政监督。
三、论述题(1题,共20分)略论新形势下提高我国政府机构行政效率的方法与途径。
2002硕士研究生入学考试试题-管理学一、简述题(每小题5分,共40分)1、如何理解管理的自然属性?2、简述三种控制类型的含义。
3、简述谈判的基本方法。
4、简述矩阵结构组织形式的优缺点。
5、组织设计需要考虑哪几个基本原则?6、管理的法律方法及作用是什么?7、有效沟通的障碍有哪些?8、常用的盈利比是什么?二、判断题(每小题2分,共20分)1、高层管理者的主要工作是决策。
2、领到这之所以对部下有影响力,全靠手中的权力,拥有权力才能有影响力,权力越大,影响力越大。
3、股份有限公司的最高权力机构是股东会。
4、对于管理人员的选聘来说,从组织外部招聘一般优于从组织内部提升。
5、企业的规章制度一旦制定出来,就必须不折不扣地加以执行。
6、知识越来越引起人们的高度重视,原因在于知识是一种特殊的资源。
其特殊性表现在快速贬值、价值难以评估等方面。
7、管理学是有国界的。
8、由高层管理者制定而且时间跨度很长的计划就成为战略计划。
9、依据系统管理理论的思想,企业的竞争优势取决于策略组合的优势而不是单个策略的优势。
10、创新是管理的基本职能,而维持则已过时。
三、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1、在一定规模条件下,管理幅度越大,其管理层次就会:[A]越少越多[C]不变[D]时多时少2、下列非正式组织的作用中,哪一种是对组织管理工作最不利的?[A]不同正式组织的成员集中于同一非正式组织中在非正式组织中传播着小道消息[C]非正式组织间有明显的竞争关系[D]非正式组织中的核心人物具有相同或者大于政治组织领导的影响力和号召力3、“科学管理理论”的创始人是:[A]法约尔[B]泰罗[C]梅奥[D]福特4、当人们认为自己的报酬与劳动之比与他们的报酬与劳动之比相等时,就会有较大的激励作用,这种理论称为:[A]双因素理论效用理论[C]公平理论[D]强化理论5、以下哪种情况不是由于过分集权引起的?[A]降低决策质量降低企业员工的工作热情[C]增加企业各部门之间的摩擦[D]削弱了企业的应变能力6、根据某地统计年鉴,该地区去年的电话占有率为每百人34.5部。
上海交通大学2004年硕士自动控制原理试题
欲索取更多考研资料,请上北京天问教育网站官网!上海交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题一、(20分)(1) 试求图1所示运算放大器电路的传递函数)(/)(s E s E i o+-ie oe A B C1R 1R 2R图1(2) 系统的信号流图如图2所示,求传递函数)(/)(),(/)(1316s Y s Y s Y s Y 和)(/)(25s Y s Y1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5Y 6Y a bcdelg-h-i-图2二、(20分)(1) 考虑一个单位负反馈控制系统,其开环传递函数为)1()(+=Ts s Ks G 。
希望闭环系统所有特征根位于s 平面上2-=s 的左侧区域,且阻尼比ξ不小于0.5, 试求K, T 的取值范围,并在T-K 的直角坐标图上画出K, T 的取值范围。
(2) 已知某单位负反馈系统的开环频率特性如图3所示。
开环系统在右半s 平面有两个极点,求使闭环系统稳定的放大系数范围。
ImRe0-1-2-3-516→ω∞→ω图3三、(20分)(1) 考虑一个单位负反馈三阶系统,其开环传递函数)(s G 的分子为常数,要求:a) 在t t r =)(作用下的稳态误差为1.2b) 三阶系统的一对闭环主导极点为112,1j s ±-= 试求同时满足上述条件的系统开环传递函数)(s G (2) 设离散系统如图4所示,求系统输出的Z 变换表达式。
+-+-)(1s G )(2s G )(2s H )(1s H )(s R )(s E )(1s E )(s C )(*s B图4四、(20分)(1) 已知⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=11,10b c a A ,设),(b A 能控,试确定a, c 应满足的条件。
(2) 考虑线性定常系统Ax x= ,当⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=12)0(x 时,⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=--t t e e t x 2)(; 当⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡=11)0(x 时,⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡++=----t tt t te e te e t x 2)(。
上海交通大学2004年博士生入学考试试题-现代控制理论
上海交通大学2004年博士生入学考试试题现代控制理论一、1、试比较现代控制理论与古典控制理论在研究内容、研究方法和研究特点等方面的异同。
2、试述系统能观性的定义。
3、针对有约束条件的泛函极值最优控制中采取的解法思路是什么?二、设离散系统的差分方程为:11011()(1)(1)()()(1)(1)()n n u u y k n a y k n a y k a y k b u k u b u k u b u k b u k --+++-+++=+++-++++试写出相应的能控型状态方程和输出方程,同时画出方框图。
三、求解状态方程001()340x x t δ⎡⎤⎡⎤=+⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦(0)0x = 其中()t δ为脉冲函数。
四、求2120xa x x a x ++= 的系统稳定性(10a > 20a ≠) 五、123101112110030x x x u x -⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-+-⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦ []123101x y x x ⎡⎤⎢⎥=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦(1) 试判别该系统的能控性和能观性,(2) 若状态不完全能控或不完全能观则说明系统的哪一个极点的状态不能控或不能观,(3) 画出状态变量图。
六、一驱动系统可用如下方程描述:DT J c M ωω=++ , 其中,T :力矩输入信号 D :力矩转换系数 M :外负载作用力矩J :转动惯量 C :阻尼系数 ω:轴的转速已知外负载作用力矩M 为大于0的恒值常数,即0M= ,试求: (1) 取ω、M 为状态变量,T 为输入信号,ω为输出信号。
写出该系统的状态空间表达式,(2) 设状态变量ω为可实测,输入信号T 已知,试设计另一个状态变量M 的降维状态观测器(观测器的极点为-1),(3) 画出降维观测器的方块图。
七、设一阶系统xx u =-+ ,(0)3x =,试确定控制作用()u t 在2t =时把系统转移到零状态并使性能泛函220(1)J u dt =+⎰取极小值。
上海上海交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题
上海上海交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题上海交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题上海交通大学是中国一所著名的综合性高等学府,其研究生教育一直备受瞩目。
每年,上海交通大学都会组织研究生入学考试,而英语是其中一门必考科目。
本文将模拟一篇上海交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题,帮助考生熟悉考试题型,提升备考效果。
Section A: Vocabulary and Structure(词汇与结构)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Many parents are willing to make great _____ for the education of their children.A. decreasesB. contributionsC. increasesD. consultations2. A large-scale earthquake can cause immeasurable _____, destroying countless homes and taking many lives.A. devastationB. designationC. destinationD. demonstration3. The government has implemented a series of _____ to stimulate economic growth.A. measuresB. pressureC. expensesD. judgmentsSection B: Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Air pollution is a major concern for many cities around the world. A new study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University investigated the impact of air pollution on children's health. The study focused on respiratory disease rates among children living in heavily polluted areas compared to those in cleaner areas.The researchers collected data from over 10,000 children between the ages of 6 and 12 years old. They found that children living in polluted areas were significantly more likely to develop respiratory diseases, such as asthma and bronchitis, than those in cleaner areas. Furthermore, the severity of their symptoms and the frequency of hospital visits were also higher among the children living in polluted areas.These findings highlight the urgent need for effective measures to combat air pollution and protect the health of children. The researchers suggest that reducing emissions from factories and vehicles, as well as promoting the use of clean energy sources, are crucial steps in improving air quality and reducing respiratory disease rates.4. What is the focus of the study conducted by researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University?A. The impact of air pollution on children's health.B. The effectiveness of reducing emissions from factories.C. The severity of asthma and bronchitis symptoms.D. The importance of clean energy sources.5. According to the study, what was found among children living in polluted areas?A. They were less likely to develop respiratory diseases.B. They experienced fewer symptoms of asthma and bronchitis.C. They had lower hospital visit rates.D. They were more likely to develop respiratory diseases.6. What measures do the researchers suggest to combat air pollution?A. Promoting the use of clean energy sources.B. Encouraging more hospital visits for children.C. Increasing emissions from factories.D. Closing down factories in polluted areas.Section C: Translation(翻译)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.近年来,随着科技的快速发展与普及,人们对人工智能的关注与热情持续升温。
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上海交通大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试试题811 质量管理学 (解析与答案)一、填空(30分)1、质量管理在发展到全面质量管理阶段之前经历过一下两个发展阶段:(1),(2);各个发展阶段中对质量管理的发展做出突出贡献的代表人物有:(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)。
【答案解析】:(1)质量检验阶段 (2)统计控制阶段 (3)泰勒 (4)修哈特 (5)戴明 (6)费根堡姆考察质量管理的三个发展阶段,第一个阶段代表人物泰勒,第二阶段修哈特、戴明,第三阶段费根堡姆。
出现在第一章第四节。
2、在推行全面质量管理时,要求做到“三全一多样”。
即(1)质量管理,(2)的质量管理,(3)的质量管理,以前全面质量管理所采用的方法是(4),建立(5)是全面质量管理的基本要求。
【答案解析】:(1)全面的 (2)全过程 (3)全员参与 (4)多种多样的 (5)质量管理体系 “三全一多样”是全面质量管理的特点。
考察全面质量管理,出现在教材第二章第一节。
3、排列图的主要用途是:(1);因果图的主要用途是:(2)。
【答案解析】:(1)找出主要问题或影响质量的主要因素 (2)找到质量问题的主要原因 考察旧七种质量工具的主要用途。
出现在第四章。
4、质量认证的最大特点是由(1)进行证明的活动。
【答案解析】: (1)第三方考察质量认证(产品质量认证、质量体系认证)的相关概念。
出现在第三章第六节。
5、质量成本可分为四类:(1),(2),(3),(4)。
【答案解析】:(1)预防成本 (2)鉴定成本 (3)内部故障成本 (4)外部故障成本 考察质量成本的分类,即质量成本项目。
出现在第十四章第四节。
6、工序质量控制的任务,是要把(1)控制在规定的波动范围内,是工序处于受控状态,能稳定地生产合格品。
【答案解析】: (1)系统性原因考察工序质量与控制图的概念。
出现在教材第五章和第六章。
7、控制图的基本思想是:(1)。
按控制图的用途来分类,控制图可以分为(2)控制与(3)控制图,计算控制图中的点子排列缺陷的概率,通常采用(4)分布概率的计算公式,其计算公式为(5)。
【答案解析】:(1)±3σ原理(2)分析用控制图 (3)控制用控制图 (4)正态 (5)(3)P x μσ-> 考察控制图的基本原理与分类。
出现在第六章第一节。
8、工序质量是诸多因素的综合作用,人们常将影响工序质量的因素归纳为“5M1E”,即(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)。
【答案解析】:(1)人员(2)设备(3)原材料(4)工艺(5)测量(6)环境考察旧七种质量工具中的因果图。
出现在第四章第三节。
二、写出下列英文缩写的英文全称并译成中文(30分)1. TQM:【答案解析】:Total Quality Management 全面质量管理。
考察全面质量管理。
出现在第二章第一节。
2. SPC:【答案解析】:Statistical Process Control 统计过程控制。
考察质量管理发展的第二阶段,统计质量管理阶段。
出现在第一章。
3. ISO:【答案解析】:International Organization For Standardization 国际标准化组织考察抽检特性曲线。
出现在第十章第二节。
4. MTTF:【答案解析】:Mean Time To Failure 平均寿命考察可靠性的主要指标。
出现在第九章第二节。
5. CPM【答案解析】:Critical Path Method 关键路线法考察新七种质量工具中的箭条图法。
出现在第十二章第五节。
6. PDPC:【答案解析】:Process Decision Program Chart 过程决策程序图考察新七种质量工具中的过程决策程序法。
出现在第十二章第三节。
7. QFD:【答案解析】:Quality Function Deployment 质量功能展开。
考察质量管理发展第三个阶段出现的新质量工具,“质量屋”。
出现在第一章8. FMEA:【答案解析】:Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 失效模式与效应分析考察第三个质量管理阶段出现的新质量工具。
9. FTA:【答案解析】:Fault Tree Analysis 故障树分析考察故障分析方法。
10. DMAIC:【答案解析】:Design Measure Analyze Improve Control六西格玛改进考察六西格玛改进一般流程。
出现在第十三章第四节。
11. EWMA:【答案解析】:Exponentially Weighted Moving Average 指数加权移动平均控制图考察控制图中的移动平均控制图。
出现在第六章。
12. CUSUM:【答案解析】:cumulative sum 累计加总控制图考察控制图。
出现在第六章。
三、简答:(40分)1、什么是质量?你如何理解质量的概念?【答案解析】:答:(1)质量定义为:一组固有特性满足要求的程度。
或者反映实体(产品、过程或活动等)满足明确的和隐含的需要能力的特性总和。
(2)质量定义的内涵体现了事物特性、满足程度、固有特性三个部分。
固有特征是通过产品、过程或体系设计和开发及其后的实现过程形成的属性,如物质特征、感官特性、行为特性、时间特性、人体功效特性、人身安全特性、功能特性等。
与之相对应的是赋予的。
解析:考察质量的基本概念与内涵。
出现在第一章第一节、第二节。
2、质量管理常用的统计方法有“老七种工具”和“新七种工具”之说,请写出他们的名字。
【答案解析】:答:老七种质量工具分别为:排列图、因果图、分层法、统计分析表法、直方图、控制图和散布图。
新七种质量工具分别为:亲和图、关联图、系统图、过程决策图法、矩阵图、矩阵数据分析法和箭条图法。
解析:考察新旧七种质量管理工具。
出现在第四章、第六章、第七章和第十二章。
3、全面质量管理采用一套科学的、合乎认识论的办事程序,也即是P、D、C、A循环。
请解释P、D、C、A和含义和各阶段的主要任务、分析PDCA循环的特点。
【答案解析】:答:全面质量管理工作程序即是 PDCA 循环法。
PDCA 包括计划(Plan)、执行(D0)、检查(Check)、处理(Action) 阶段。
(1)四个阶段①第一阶段为P阶段。
即要适应顾客的要求,并以取得经济效益为目标,通过调查、设计、试制,制定技术经济指标、质量目标,以及达到这些目标的具体措施和方法。
这就是计划阶段。
②第二阶段为D阶段。
即要按照所制定的计划和措施去实施。
这是执行阶段。
③第三阶段为C阶段。
即对照计划,检查执行的情况和效果,及时发现和总结计划实施过程中的经验和问题。
这是检查阶段。
④第四阶段为A阶段。
即根据检查的结果采取措施,巩固成绩,吸取教训,以利再干。
这是总结处理阶段。
(2)八个步骤①第1步,调查研究,分析现状,找出存在的质量问题。
②第2步,根据存在问题,分析产生质量问题的各种影响因素,并对这些因素逐个加以分析。
③第3步,找出影响质量的主要因素,并从主要影响因素中着手解决质量问题。
④第4步,针对影响质量的主要因素,制定计划和活动措施。
计划和措施应尽量做到明确具体。
⑤第5步,按照既定计划执行,即D阶段。
⑥第6步,根据计划的要求,检查实际执行结束,即C阶段。
⑦第7步,根据检查结果进行总结,把成功的经验和失败的教训总结出来,对原有的制度、标准进行修正,巩固已取得的成锁,同时防止重蹈覆辙。
⑧第8步,提出这一次循环尚未解决的遗留问题,并将其转到下一次 PDCA循环中去。
第1步到第4步属于P阶段,第7、8步为A阶段。
(3)特点①大环套小环,互相促进;②不断循环上升;③推动PDCA循环的关键阶段在于A阶段。
解析:考察全面质量管理的工作程序,即PDCA循环。
出现在第二章第三节。
4、根据控制图的控制界限所做的判断也可能发生错误,即两类错误,请解释两类错误的含义?为什么控制图上、下控制界限一般采用“三倍标准偏差法”?【答案解析】:答:(1)①第一类错误是将正常判为异常,即工序仍处于统计控制状态,但由于偶然性原因的影响,使得点子超出控制界限,虚发警报而将工序误判为出现了异常。
我们把犯这类错误的概率称为第Ⅰ类风险,记作α。
②第二类错误是将异常判为正常,工序已经变化为非统计控制状态,但点子没有超出控制界限,而将工序误判为正常,这是漏发警报。
我们把犯这类错误的概率称为第Ⅱ类风险,记作β。
(2)采用“三倍标准偏差法”的理论根据是±3σ原理。
在生产过程中,仅有偶然性原因存在时,产品质量特性值x形成某种确定的典型分布,例如正态分布。
当出现系统性原因时,x就偏离原来的典型分布了。
设当工序不存在系统性原因时,x~ N(μ、σ2),则P(μ-3σ<x<μ+3σ)=0.9973。
x 落在两条虚线外的概率之和只有 0.2%, 即1000个样品(数据)中,平均约有3个数据超出分布范围。
有997个落在(μ-3σ,μ+3σ)之中,如果从处于统计控制状态的工序中任抽一个样品x,我们可以认为x一定落在分布范围(μ-3σ,μ+3σ)之中,而认为出现在分布范围之外是不可能的,这就是3σ原理。
解析:考察控制图的原理,包括±3σ原理和小概率事件,以及控制图的两类错误。
出现在第六章第一节。
5、“过程方法”是2000版ISO9000族标准中提出的八项管理原则之一,请简单解释“过程”和“过程方法”。
【答案解析】:答:2000版ISO9000标准要求一个组织必须应用过程方法来管理。
为以过程为基础的质量管理体系模式图,清晰地表明质量管理体系的组成,以及与顾客和其他相关方之间的关系。
过程是指将输入转化为输出的一组相互关联或相互作用的活动。
质量管理体系也是通过一系列过程来实施的。
该标准指出:“为使组织有效运行,必须识别和管理许多相互关联和相互作用的过程,通常一个过程的输出将直接成为下一个过程的输入,系统地识别和管理组织所应用的过程,特别是这些过程之间的相互作用称为‘过程方法’。
”解析:考察质量管理体系的过程方法。
出现在第三章第三节。
6、在过程(工序)能力指数的计算公式pk T-2Cs ε=中,T、ε和s分别代表什么含义。
如何提高过程(工序)能力指数?【答案解析】:答:质量标准T、绝对偏移量ε和工序质量特性分布的标准差σ。
要提高工序能力就有三个途径:(1)调整工序加工的分布中心,减少偏移量。
(2)提高工序能力,减少分散程度。
①修订工艺,改进工艺方法;修订操作规程,优化工艺参数;补充或增添中间工序,推广应用新工艺、新技术。
②改造更新与产品质量标准要求相适应的设备,对设备进行周期点检,按计划进行维护,从而保证设备的精度。
③提高工具、工艺装备的精度,对大型的工艺装备进行周期点检,加强维护保养,以保证工艺装备的精度。