倍数的表达与翻译

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科技英语中倍数的表达与翻译技巧

科技英语中倍数的表达与翻译技巧

科技英语中倍数的表达与翻译技巧摘要:科技专业的文本,在翻译上力求严谨准确。

但数字翻译一直是科技翻译中的一个难点,其要求译文必须逻辑准确、数据无误。

英汉科技文本中的数字翻译大致分为四类:精确数字、分数、倍数和百分数。

本文通过译例,旨在分析探讨科技文本中数字的翻译技巧,以期对走出数字翻译的误区提供借鉴和指导。

关键词:数字翻译;倍数翻译;翻译技巧一、倍数翻译存在的误区和原因在英语教学与翻译实践中,倍数翻译一直以来是困扰语言工作者的难题。

就连权威人士也不例外。

对于同一句型的两个例句都有不同的翻译,导致的争议也很大。

如“A is 3 times bigger than B.”该译成“A 比 B 大三倍(A是B的四倍)”还是“A比B大两倍(A 是 B 的三倍)”。

还有很多人还对“增加”和“增加至”两个概念混淆,“increase 3 times”应译成“增加到三倍(增加两倍)”还是“增加三倍(增加到四倍)”。

以及基数到底要不要翻译呢?以及这些都是倍数翻译时争议很大的问题。

造成倍数翻译的误区究其根本原因还在于主要原因在于中西思维方式存在差异,英语和汉语的倍数表示法在概念上有不同之处,主要有两点:一是中英文倍数概念差异问题。

“A是B的四倍大”和“A比B大四倍”在中文里的含义是完全不一样的,“A是B的四倍大”意为“A是B的五倍大”。

同样,“增加到四倍”和“增加(了)四倍”在中文里的含义也是不一样的,“增加(了)四倍”即是“增加到五倍”。

中文思维模式的人们很自然地就能区别“是四倍”和“大四倍”,以及“增加了”和“增加至”这些概念。

而像这样的概念区别在英文里是不存在的。

在英文里表达倍数关系的句子,无论是表示倍数增加还是倍数减少,都只包含两层意思:A和B谁大;A是B的几倍。

比如“A is 3 times greater than B”就只表达这样两层意思:A比B大;A是B的三倍。

“大三倍”是中文的思维,而不是英文的思维,英文里不存在这样的概念。

英文倍数表达方式

英文倍数表达方式

英文倍数表达方式英文中倍数的表达方式如下:1. "A is B times larger than C",意为"A是C的B倍大"。

例如,"This room is three times larger than that one."(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大)。

2. "A is B times as large as C",意为"A的大小是C的B倍"。

例如,"This box is three times as large as that one."(这个盒子是那个盒子的三倍大)。

3. "A is B times the size of C",意为"A的大小是C的B倍"。

例如,"This book is twice the size of that one."(这本书是那本书的两倍大)。

4. "A is B times the length of C",意为"A的长度是C的B倍"。

例如,"This rope is twice the length of that one."(这根绳子的长度是那根绳子的两倍)。

5. "A is B times the weight of C",意为"A的重量是C的B倍"。

例如,"This weight is twice the weight of that one."(这个重量的重量是那个重量的两倍)。

请注意,倍数表达方式在不同语境中可能会有不同的含义,具体使用时需要根据语境进行理解。

倍数的翻译

倍数的翻译

• 6. 那架飞机飞行的高度大约是那个风筝的 十倍。 • The plane flew about ten times as high as the kite. • 7. 一码(yard)是一英尺的三倍。 • A yard is three times the size of a foot. • 8. 阶梯教室(lecture theatre)的大小是我们 教室的两倍。 • The lecture theatre is twice the size of our classroom. • /The lecture theatre is twice as big as our classroom.
Choose the best translation for each of the following sentences
• 1. The coal output this year was three times as much as last year. • A. 今年煤的产量是去年的两倍。 • B. 去年煤的产量是今年的三倍。 • C. 今年煤的产量是去年的三倍。 • D. 今年煤的输出比去年少一倍。
• 最佳答案:A
• 4 The newly-built bridge is twice the length of the one built last year. • A. 这座新建的桥比去年建的那座长两倍 • B. 这座去年建的桥是那座新建的一倍。 • C. 这座新建的桥比那座长一倍。 • D. 这座新建的桥比去年建的那座长一倍。 • 最佳答案:D
倍数的翻译
Translation of Multiple
英语中表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句 型多种多样,它们是容易译错的难点之一。 其主要原因在于英汉两种语言在表述或对 比倍数方面存在语言上与思维上的差异, 汉语句式少,英语句式多。倍数的英汉表 达在语言形式、逻辑意念和数值这三方法 面完全吻合的对应句很少。

倍数的翻译

倍数的翻译

• 4 The newly-built bridge is twice the last year. . • A. 这座新建的桥比去年建的那座长两倍 • B. 这座去年建的桥是那座新建的一倍。 这座去年建的桥是那座新建的一倍。 • C. 这座新建的桥比那座长一倍。 这座新建的桥比那座长一倍。 • D. 这座新建的桥比去年建的那座长一倍。 这座新建的桥比去年建的那座长一倍。 • 最佳答案:D 最佳答案:
• 2. China has nine times the population of Japan. • A. 中国的人口比日本多九倍。 中国的人口比日本多九倍。 • B. 中国的人口比日本多八倍。 中国的人口比日本多八倍。 • C. 中国的人口是日本的八倍。 中国的人口是日本的八倍。 • D. 日本的人口比中国少六倍。 日本的人口比中国少六倍。 • 最佳答案:B 最佳答案:
3. 在翻译倍数减少的句型时要将倍数换成分 不能说“减少了……倍”,一般翻译 数,不能说“减少了 倍 为“是……的1/X”或“减少到 的 或 减少到1/X”或“减 或 少了(X–1)/X”等 少了(X–1)/X”等。 • 如:This box is four times as light as that one. • 这个箱子的重量是那个箱子的四分之一。 这个箱子的重量是那个箱子的四分之一。 • /这个箱子比那个箱子轻四分之三。 这个箱子比那个箱子轻四分之三。 这个箱子比那个箱子轻四分之三
• 3 This kind of glass is three times as thin as ordinary glass. • A. 这种玻璃的厚度只有普通玻璃的三分之 一。 • B. 这种玻璃的厚度是普通玻璃的三倍。 这种玻璃的厚度是普通玻璃的三倍。 • C. 这种玻璃比普通玻璃薄三分之一倍。 这种玻璃比普通玻璃薄三分之一倍。 • D. 这种玻璃比只有普通玻璃厚三倍。 这种玻璃比只有普通玻璃厚三倍。 • 最佳答案:A 最佳答案:

倍数的翻译 英语

倍数的翻译  英语
e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times. 激光管的长度缩短到1/10. (或:激光管的长度缩短了9/10。) This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is quite good. 尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半,可是质量却相当好。
Ex. 16 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. The sales of computers have multiplied six times since 1988.
1988年以来,计算机的销售量增加了五倍。
2. The number of the students enrolled in evening classes has increased more than twofold.
Ex. 16 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
7. The cost of the new product is 25% as much as that of the old one.
新产品的成本是老产品的25%。
8. The machine improves the working conditions and raises efficiency four fold.
倍数的减少
2 .“减少”意义的动词 +by 可译成“减少 …” 、“减少 n-1/n” 或“减少到 1/n” ;减少意义的动词 +by a factor of可译成 “减少n-1/n”或“减少到1/n”;减少意义的动词 +to可译成 “减少到…”。

倍数的翻译

倍数的翻译

倍数增加
3. “…as…as”的句型常用于表示某物是某物的多少 的句型常用于表示某物是某物的多少 的句型常用于表示 倍或百分之多少,译为汉语时,英汉的倍数相同。 倍或百分之多少,译为汉语时,英汉的倍数相同。 例如: 例如: The sun is 330,000 times as large as the earth. This substance reacts two-tenth as fast as the other one. We are producing eighty times as many TV sets as we did twenty years ago.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
倍数减少
3. 表示“一半意义上的减少”,英文表达非常灵活。 表示“一半意义上的减少” 英文表达非常灵活。 例如: 例如: The price of cars in China last year fell about one-third. The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 30%. The ordinary smelting time has been cut by one-fourth.
倍数减少
2. 表示“减少一半”时,英文有多种不同的句型和 表示“减少一半” 表达方式,翻译时须多加注意。例如: 表达方式,翻译时须多加注意。例如: The new-type electronic device shortened the circuit two times. This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is good. The laptop is only half as heavy as the old one.

倍数表达法

倍数表达法

在英语中,1倍用once ,2倍用twice ,3倍及以上用基数词+times 。

如5倍:five times 。

但在句子中要如何表达倍数呢?1.原级表示法“主语+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as ”结构。

e.g.Their room is three times as big as ours.他们的房间是我们的3倍大。

2.比较级表示法“主语+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+比较对象”结构。

e.g.He has read four times more books than I have.他读过的书比我读过的书多4倍。

3.借助名词表示法“主语+谓语+倍数+the size/amount/length …of …”结构。

e.g.The earth is 49times the size of the moon.地球的体积是月球的49倍。

注意:倍数的翻译方式通常有两种:一是“……比……(大/宽/多等)N 倍”,二是“……是……的N +1
倍(大/宽/多等)”。

e.g.This street is three times longer than that
one.这条街比那条街长3倍。

/这条街的长度是那条街的4倍。

◎高
璐数


法。

英语中倍数的表达方法及译法

英语中倍数的表达方法及译法

7. If the resistance is doubled without changing the voltage ,the current becomes only half strong. 8. By the end of 2007 , the number of mobile phone users in China has trebled that in 2003. 9. Efforts will be made to quadruple the GDP of the year 2000 by 2020.
Broilers are particularly susceptible to stress as genetic selection plus balanced feeding haves resulted in birds that may increase their hatching weight (40 g.) by as much as 45 times in ten weeks (1800 g, or 3.7 lb).
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise, grow,go/step up,multiply等词 所替代。
Increase by 句型翻译的证据 这一结构产生误解 的概率很高 往往误 译成 比以前增加 倍 其实 它和 increase N times 和increase to N times 表达的倍数概念相同,应译为 增加N-1 倍。
另外, 还要注意的是, 表示“增加”用times 或- 。 fold 与用百分数或具体数值是有所不同的, 增 加的数 值或百分数均表示净增量, 例如: Population has increased by 200 %in the past 25 years. 人口在过去 25 年内增加了 200 % (即增加两 倍) 。 its output of cotton went up by 20 percent. 它的棉花产量增长了20 % 。

倍数的翻译方法.

倍数的翻译方法.
倍数增加和减少的翻译方法
一、倍数增加的翻译方法 1. 表示增加意义的动词+n times
表增加了n-1倍
The output of chemical fertilizer has been increased four times as against 1978.
化肥产量比1978年增加了3倍.
2. …a n times (n-fold) + increase
表“是… …的n倍”
Wheel A turns four times as fast as wheel B.
A轮的转速是B轮的四倍。
7. “…n times + 名词或that …”
表“是… …的n倍”
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
地球为月球的49倍。
二、倍数减少的翻译方法
1. 系动词+n times + 比较级 + than 减少到1/(n+1)或减少了n/(n+1) The plastic container is five times lighter than that glass one.
这个塑料容器比那个玻璃容器轻5/6. 这个塑料容器的重量是那个玻璃容器的1/6.
今年,苯酚的产量增加了三倍.
5. n times + 比较级 + than… 表净增加的倍数
The atomic weight of helium is three times heavier than that of hydrogen..
氦的原子量比氢的原子量重三倍.
6. “…n times + as…as …”
The speed has exceeded the average speed by a factor of 2.4.

科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译

科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译

科技英语中倍数的常用表达方式及翻译英语表示倍数增减或倍数对比的句型多种多样,其中有一些句型很容易译错。

例如,1)This room is 3 times larger than that one.2)This room is 3times as large as that one.3)This room is 3 times the size of that one.这里包含有三种表示增加多少倍的句型,不能译为这个房间比那个房间大三倍,应译为这个房间是那个房间的三倍大或这个房间比那个房间大两倍? 。

之所以会出现这样的情况,是因为英文和中文两种语言的表达思维是不一样的。

只有懂得了两种思维方式的差异,才能正确地进行英语倍数的翻译J。

本文拟将常用的英语数句型及其正确译法予以归纳。

一、倍数增加的表达方法表达A是B的N倍长(宽、高、大、重等),A比B长(宽、高、大、重等)N 倍或A的长度(宽度、高度、大小、重量等)是B的N倍,可用下列三种句型。

(一)A +be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+ as + B例如:This bed is three times as big as that one.这张床是那张床的三倍大。

(比那张大两倍)This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。

(比那棵高两倍)His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。

(比他大一倍)Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。

(比欧洲大三倍)This big stone is three times as heavy as that one.这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。

(比那块重两倍)The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。

英语倍数表示法

英语倍数表示法

英语倍数表示法英语倍数表示法资料一关于英语倍数表示法的文章很多,而且列举了一大堆的句型,让人看了眼花缭乱。

在仔细地分析了各种句式后,实际上,英语倍数最大的特点是:先说“倍数”,再说“是谁的……”,“比谁的……”等。

概括起来,英语倍数表示主要就三种句式。

1、倍数+比较级...(1) 倍数as...as (意思是“A是B的几倍”。

)I am twice as old as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍。

He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。

An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet. 发出的声音可能是喷射机的两倍。

She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。

This line is four times as long as that one. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。

We've produced twice as much cotton this year as ten years ago. 今年的棉花比十年前多了一倍。

He has got three times as many books as his sister. 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。

在比较级前,还可以用over,more thant 等表示“比……倍还要多”。

例如:He is more than three times as rich as I. 他的财富是我的三倍还不止。

I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年龄是他的两倍还不止。

He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。

倍数的翻译

倍数的翻译
例:There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year. 钢产量比去年增加了25%。
8. “decrease ( reduce, fall, lower,等) + by n 或n%”;“(系)动词 + n或 n% less (than)” 表示净减量,所减数字n均可照译。 例:180 decreased by 80 is 100. 180减去80等于100。 例:The cost decreased by 40%. 成本下降了40%。 例: This new process used 35 % less fuel. 这种工艺少用了35%的燃料。
9. “decrease (reduce,fall等)+ (by) n times” “decrease (reduce,fall等)+ n times as + a. (ad.) + as” “decrease (reduce,fall等)+ by a factor of n “减少到n分之1” 或“减加少了n分之(n-1)” 例: The enterprise management expenditure this year has decreased by three times as against that of 2002. 该企业今年的行政管理开支比2002年降低了2/3。
5.“increase (rise, grow, go up等) +(by) n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up等) + to + n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up等) + n-fold” “increase (rise, grow, go up等) + by a factor of + n” “增加到n倍”、“增加了(n-1)倍” 例:The population of this county has increased by a factor of 5. 该县的人口已经增长了4倍。

英语倍数的翻译技巧

英语倍数的翻译技巧

英语倍数的翻译技巧倍数表达法有三种:倍数+原级倍数+比较级倍数+名词短语例如: 和---三倍一样长1. three times as long as2. three times longer than3. three times the length of再如:和---四倍一样宽1. four times as wide as2. three times wider than3. three times the width of2英语倍数翻译常见错误1.A是B的N倍大/长(或者A比B大/长N-1倍)一般有以下两种英语表达方法;(1) A is N times as large/long (形容词/副词原形) as B. Eg: Asia is four times as large as Europe.(2) A is N times larger/longer(形容词/副词比较级)than B. Eg: Asia is four times larger than Europe.(3) A is N times the size/length (形容词/副词的名词形式) of B. Eg: Asia is four times the size of Europe.以上三句例句的中文翻译均为:亚洲是欧洲的四倍大,或者亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

2. by 和to(1) 动词+ by + 倍数/百分数/数词Eg: The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了四倍。

(2) 动词+ to + 数词Eg: Last year profits rose to $201 million.去年利润增长到2亿零100万美元。

3. by a factor of词组by a factor of 在《朗文双解》中的解释为if something increases or decreases by a factor of N, it increases or decreases by N times.以N倍的系数增加或减少。

英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT

英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
注:在这类句型中increase常被raise, grow,go/step up,multiply等词 所替代。
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
Increase by 句型翻译的证据 这一结构产生误解 的概率很高 往往误
Population has increased by 200 %in the past 25 years.
人口在过去 25 年内增加了 200 % (即增加两 倍) 。
its output of cotton went up by 20 percent. 它的棉花产量增长了20 % 。
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
翻译练习
1.This book is three times as long as that one.
2. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
5. The drain voltage (漏电压) has been increased by a factor of four.
6. The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
英语中倍数的表达方法 课件 24张PPT
7. If the resistance is doubled without changing the voltage ,the current becomes only half strong.

倍数的表达与翻译讲解学习

倍数的表达与翻译讲解学习

倍数的表达与翻译1.倍数增加(1)A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.A is n times greater (longer, more,…)than B.A is n times the size (length, amount,…)of B.以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比日大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. 例如:This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one,这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。

(2)increase to n timesincrease n times/n-foldincrease by n timesincrease by a factor of n以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

例如:The production of cars has been increased to three times as compared with last year。

汽车的产量比去年增加了两倍。

The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。

(3)There is a n-fold increase/growth…应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。

表示倍数的几种表达法英语

表示倍数的几种表达法英语

表示倍数的几种表达法英语表达倍数时,两倍用twice/double, 三倍以上用基数词+times,常见的表达方式如下:1.倍数+as…as型例如:We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.我们生产的计算机是去年的三倍多。

2. 倍数+the size of 型例如:China is almost five times the size of Mexico in area.在面积上,中国几乎是墨西哥的五倍大。

3. 倍数+what从句例如:The length of the road is twice what it was three years ago.这条路是三年前的两倍长。

4. 倍数+比较级+than例如:I am twice older than you. 我的年龄是你年龄的两倍。

5. 比较级+ than…+ by+倍数例如:The line is longer than that one by twice.这根绳子比那根长两倍。

6. 习题巩固1. Americans eat ________ apples per person today as they did in 1960.A. more than twiceB. as twice as manyC. twice as many asD. more than twice as many2. Paper produced every year is _______ the world's production of vehicles.A. the three weight ofB. three times the weight ofC. as three times heavy asD. three times as heavier as3. With the help of the German experts,the factory produced ______ cars in 1996 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as4. This ship measures ________ that one.A. as twice as longB. as twice long asC. twice long asD. twice as long as5. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _______ tractors in 1890 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many asC. as twice as manyD. twice as many答案:D B C D D。

倍数的文言文翻译

倍数的文言文翻译

昔者,有儒者问于夫子,曰:“何谓倍数?”夫子笑而答曰:“倍数者,数之相乘也。

一与一为二,二与二为四,四与四为八,如是之类,皆倍数也。

”儒者曰:“然则倍数之理,可否言其深奥乎?”夫子曰:“夫倍数之理,深奥莫测,盖由天地之道,阴阳之和,莫不有之。

吾且为子言之。

天地之初,混沌未开,阴阳未分。

及其开也,阳在上,阴在下。

阳为天,阴为地。

天地之间,万物生于斯,生生不息。

此阴阳之和,亦倍数之始也。

日者,阳之极也;月者,阴之极也。

日与月相合,则天地之和,倍数之理,显见于日月。

日升月落,昼夜交替,此倍数之理,行于天地之间,莫知其极。

又观于草木,春生夏长,秋收冬藏。

草木之生,亦倍数之理。

一粒种子,植之土中,得天地之养,生而为苗,苗而开花,花而结实,结实而再植,如是而无穷。

此草木之生长,倍数之理,亦显于自然。

至于人事,倍数之理,更为显著。

夫妇之道,一男一女,合而为家,家而育子,子而成人,成人而立业,业而传家,家而再传,如是而倍数。

国家之兴,亦倍数之理。

一人之才,得国之用,国家因而强盛;一人之德,得国之养,国家因而昌明。

一人之力,足以举国;一人之智,足以安邦。

此国家之兴,亦倍数之理。

然倍数之理,非唯自然人事,亦存于心性。

心性之善,一善而百善生;心性之恶,一恶而百恶作。

心性之明,一明而百明显;心性之暗,一暗而百暗藏。

此心性之理,亦倍数之理。

夫倍数之理,大矣哉!然而非独大,其深奥亦非可言尽。

夫天地之道,阴阳之和,阴阳之变,莫不有倍数之理。

是故,吾子宜深究其理,以明其道。

”儒者闻夫子之言,恍然大悟,拜谢而去。

自是之后,儒者潜心研究倍数之理,悟出许多天地间之奥秘,成为一代宗师。

而倍数之理,亦因此而传世,启迪后人,永不衰微。

倍数的表示法

倍数的表示法

Practice
• (1) I like this jacket better than that A one, but it costs three times_____. • A. as much • B. as many • C. so much • D. so many
B (2)There is three times __water in this bottle as in that one. • A. as many • B. as much • C. so much • D. too many
D (6)At a rough estimate, Nigeria is ____G
reat Britain. (2005上海28题) • • • • A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
(3) 数词+times+the+名词(size, length, height, weight, length, width))+of eg: My room is twice(three times) the size of his. This street is four times the length of that street. ?这个体育馆的宽度是那个体育馆的四倍。 This stadium is four times the width of that one.
(4)The house rent is expensive, I’ve got about half the space I had at home D and I’m paying ________ here. (上海卷) • A. as three times much • B. as much three times • C. much as three times • D. three times as much
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1.倍数增加(1)A is n times as great(long,much,…)as B.A is n times greater (longer,more,…)than B.A is n times the size (length,amount,…)of B.以上三句都应译为;A的大小(长度,数量,……)是B的n倍[或A比日大(长,多,……)n-1倍]. 例如:This book is three times as long as (three times longer than,three times the length of )that one,这本书的篇幅是那本书的3倍(即长两倍)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than(as,of)B常被省去。

(2)increase to n timesincrease n times/n-foldincrease by n timesincrease by a factor of n以上四式均应译为:增加到n倍(或:增加n-1倍)。

例如:The production of cars has been increased to three times as compared with last year。

汽车的产量比去年增加了两倍。

The output of chemical fertilizer has been raised five times as against l986.化肥产量比1986年增加了4倍。

The drain voltage has been increased by a factor of four.漏电压增加了3借(即增加到原来的4倍)。

注:在这类句型中increase常被raise,grow,go/step up,multiply等词所替代。

(3)There is a n-fold increase/growth…应译为:增加n-倍(或增至n倍)。

这个句型还有其它一些形式,如:A record high increase in value of four times was reported.据报道,价值破记录地增长了3倍。

(4)double【增加1倍),treble(增加2倍),quadruple(增加3倍)。

例如:The efficiency of the machines has been more than trebled or quadrupled.这些机器的效率已提高了2倍或3倍多。

2、倍数减少(1)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.A is n times smaller (lighter,slower,…)than B.以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]。

例如:The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。

This sort of cloth is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种布比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。

注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。

(2)decrease n times/n一folddecrease by n timesdecrease by a factor of n以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]。

decrease常被reduce,shorten,go/slow down等词替代。

例如:Switching time of the new-type is shortened 3 times。

新型号开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。

The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备误差概率降低了4/5。

(3)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction…应译为:减至1/n[或:减少(n一1)/n]。

(17)这个句型还有其它一些形式,如:A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.发现迅速减少到1/7。

The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight;这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2。

Exercises:Line A is four times the length of line B. 线条A 是线条B 的四倍长。

I have five times the number of Tom’s books. 我有五倍于汤姆的书。

He has three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍。

The river is ten times the length of the Tamsui River. 这条河的长度是淡水河的十倍。

This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。

The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.这只母象比小象重一百倍。

It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。

This street is three times wider than that one. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。

I am twice older than he. 我的年纪比他大两倍。

使用more...than 比较级的例句:He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多5 倍。

There are twice more students in our class than in theirs. 我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。

比较级也可使用分数、小数等数字。

例如:The box is one-third bigger than that one. 这个盒子比那个盒子大三分之一。

Last year the output value of industry was 59 percent higher than that of 1976. 去年工业产值比1976 年增长了59 %。

My command of English is not half so good as yours. 我英语掌握得还不及你的一半儿好。

其它表示法(1) 英语中有些词表示特定的倍数,例如:again (一倍), twice, double (两倍), triple (三倍), fourfold (四倍) 等数。

My Aunt is as old again as I am. 我姑姑的年龄比我大一倍。

The top-brand clothes are often sold as double the normal price here. 售价经常比正常的售价高一倍。

The new work procedure tripled the output. 新工艺使产量增加两倍。

The output of grain increased fourfold. 粮食产量增加了三倍。

(2) 使用by, compared with 等Compared with last year,our coal output has increased by three times. 与去年相比,我们的煤产量增长了 3 倍。

(使用by...)英语increase by究竟如何正确译成汉语,存在着两种不同的意见。

一说译成“增长了”;二说译成“增长到”,跟increase to同义。

可以说,坚持第一种意见的人目前为数不少,几乎要占大多数,因为目前国内出版的一些权威刊物在论述这个问题时,多数都是坚持第一种意见是正确的。

例如:①The output increased by over 200 percent.产量增长了两倍多。

②As against last year,our coal output has increased by three times.与去年相比,我们的煤产量增加了3倍。

③Many counties have increased their farm output by 100 percent or more within a short space of time.许多县在短短的一个时期使粮食产量增长了一倍或一倍多。

④Over the past 17 years,Taching has increased its annual output of crude oil by an average of 28 per cent.大庆原油产量在过去17年间平均每年增长28%。

很明显,上述例句都是中国人自己造出来的,究竟能不能符合英美人的表达方法,只有同英美语言的国家出版的刊物中例句相比较,才能鉴定。

①The strength of the attraction,or repulsion,between two electric charges is doubled if the amount of electricity in one 0f the charges is doubled it increases by 2×2=4 times if the distance between the original charges is halved.我们知道,引力(或斥力)和距离的平方成反比,因此距离缩短一半,引力或斥力(increase by 2×2=4 times)增长到四倍,不是增长了四倍。

②When the signal we pick up has increased by 10 times the grain may have been reduced by 8 times,and the loudness will only have gone up 10/8=1.25 times.信号增大到10倍,增益降低到1/8,音量只增大到10/8=1.25倍。

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