立式加工中心总体、主轴部件及立柱设计

加工中心总体、主轴部件及立柱设计

摘要

加工中心是一种具有刀库并能自动更换刀具对工件进行多工序加工的数控机床。它是适应省力、省时和节能的时代要求而迅速发展起来的高科技产品，综合了数控铣床、数控镗床、数控钻床多功能的加工设备。

基于加工中心的迅速发展，本次毕业设计的任务是设计加工中心总体、主轴部件及立柱。加工中心的总体设计主要是通过设计各部件之间的尺寸联系来满足它们之间的位置关系要求。主轴部件是机床的重要部件之一。它是机床的执行件，其功用是支承并带动工件或刀具旋转进行切削，承受切削力和驱动力等载荷，从而完成表面成形运动。主轴部件由主轴及其支承和安装在主轴上的传动件、密封件等组成。加工中心立柱主要是对主轴箱起到支承作用，满足主轴Z向运动。根据对立柱的结构、性能及其经济性的要求，采用井字型的内腔结构。

加工中心的设计符合数控机床高速化、高精度化、智能化、系统化与高可靠性等发展趋势。目前，加工中心已成为现代机床发展的主流方向，广泛应用于机械制造中。

关键词：加工中心，主轴，轴承，立柱

DESIGN OF THE OVERALL , SPINDLE ASSEMBLY AND COLUMN OF MACHININING CENTER

ABSTRACT

Machining center (MC) is a kind of CNC machine with tool magazine. It can perform the multi-processing of workpiece by change cutting tool automatically. It is the high-tech product developed to adapt to the requirements for effort-saving and time-saving, and the multi-function equipment which integrated CNC milling machine with CNC boring and drilling machines.

The tasks of graduation design are to design the overall of machine, the spindle assembly and column. The purpose of MC overall design is to establish the dimension relation between components. Spindle assembly is one of the important parts of the machine. It is the executive pieces, and its function is to support and carry the workpiece or rotary cutting tools, and bear the cutting force. The spindle assembly consists of the spindle and its support, the transmission members, seals and other components mounted on it. The function of MC column is to support the headstock to satisfy the movement of Z-axis. Based on the performance requirements of the structure and the economy, Column is of the cross-type structure inside.

The design of MC is consistent with the development trend in high-speed, high precision, intelligent, and high reliability of CNC machine tools. Currently, MC stands for the main development direction of modern machine tool, which is widely used in machine manufacturing.

KEYWORDS: machining center, spindle, bearing, column

目录

前言 (1)

第一章加工中心概述 (3)

第二章主传动系统设计 (3)

2.1传动系统简介 (4)

2.2主传动系统设计的要求 (4)

第三章主轴电机的选型与参数 (6)

3.1计算切削力 (7)

3.2主电机功率估算 (7)

3.3确定电动机型号 (8)

第四章主传动变速系统设计 (8)

4.1同步带参数计算 (9)

4.2 圆弧同步带设计总结 (11)

第五章主轴组件的设计 (12)

5.1 主轴组件的设计要求 (13)

5.2 主轴设计 (13)

5.2.1主轴的主要尺寸参数 (14)

5.2.2 主轴轴端结构 (14)

5.2.3 主轴材料和热处理 (15)

5.3 主轴的轴承 (15)

5.4主轴组件的计算 (15)

5.4.1初选主轴直径 (15)

5.4.2主轴悬伸量a的确定 (15)

5.4.3主轴最佳跨距的确定 (15)

5.5 主轴组件校核 (16)

5.5.1主轴组件的刚度计算 (16)

5.5.2主轴强度校核计算 (17)

5.5.3主轴强度校核 (20)