《灾害地质学》

《灾害地质学》《灾害地质学》教学大纲一、课程目的与要求:通过本课程的学习，使学习者系统的了解灾害地质学的基本理论体系与研究方法。

掌握地质灾害的概念、基本类型及分布。

特别是要理解当今自然作用和人为活动影响下，形成的地质灾害的类型与分布特点、发生机制。

学习各种地质灾害的监测预报方法和防治措施。

使学习者掌握从事有关灾害地质、环境地质研究和在各级国土部门、环保部门及工程建设规划部门工作的基本专业知识。

二、课程简介:该课程系统地讲述了灾害地质学的理论体系与研究方法。

介绍了地质灾害和概念、类型及分布，地质灾害灾情评估与减灾效益分析，地质灾害减灾对策。

详细论述了地震灾害、火山灾害、斜坡地质灾害、地面变形地质灾害、矿山与地下工程地质灾害、表生环境地球化学异常与地方病、土地荒漠化、特殊土地质灾害、地下水资源恶化、海岸带地质灾害等各类地质灾害的特点、形成条件与机理、影响因素、发育规律和危害方式，对不同类型地质灾害的监测预报、防治与减灾对策等进行了系统介绍。

课程英文简介:The subject systematically introduces the theory system and research methods. It includes basic conception, type, accession on condition of a disaster, the countermeasure of reducing hazard. It explicates seism hazard, volcanic abnormal, slope geological hazard, land deform hazard, mine and underground project hazard; surface environmental geochemistry abnormal and local illness, desertification, special land geological hazard, underground water resource deterioration, coastal geology deterioration and so on. Their characteristics, formation conditions and mechanisms, effect factors, develop regulation and the hazard patterns are also considered, additional monitor, prediction, prevention, reduce hazard methods etc. are introduced systematically.三、课程内容与学时分配:(一)课程安排 (32学时)第一章地质灾害的概念、类型及分布 2学时第一节地质灾害的内涵、属性与分类一、地质灾害的内涵二、地质灾害的属性特征三、地质灾害的分类与分级四、中国地质灾害的发育状况与分布规律第二节灾害地质学的诞生与发展一、古代社会对地质灾害的认识二、灾害地质学的形成与发展第二章地质灾害灾情评估与减灾效益分析 2学时第一节地质灾害灾情评估一、地质灾害灾情评估的目的、类型与主要内容二、地质灾害的危险性评价三、社会经济易损性评价四、地质灾害破坏损失评价五、地质灾害防治工程评价第二节地质灾害减灾效益分析一、地质灾害经济损失分析二、地质灾害减灾效益分析第三章地质灾害减灾对策 2学时第一节地质灾害减灾措施与减灾系统工程一、“国际减轻自然灾害十年”与世无争21世纪全球减灾新战略二、防灾减灾的基本原则三、减轻地质灾害的措施四、减轻地质的系统工程第二节地质灾害监测预报与防治一、地质灾害监测二、地质灾害预报三、地质灾害防治第三节地质灾害管理一、地质灾害管理的目的与原则二、地质灾害管理的主要内容三、地质灾害管理的主要手段四、系统科学理论在地质灾害管理实践中的应用第四章地震灾害 2学时第一节地震与地震活动一、概述二、地震波三、地震的成因与类型四、地震的震级与地震烈度五、地震的时空分布第二节诱发地震一、诱发地震的类型及其特点二、预防诱发地震的对策第三节地震灾害一、地震效应二、地震灾害的特点与破坏形式三、灾害性地震实例第四节地震活动的监测现预报一、地震监测二、地震预报第五节地震灾害损失预报第六节减轻地震灾害的对策一、国际减轻地震灾害的对策二、中国减轻地震灾害的对策三、减轻地震灾害对策的发展趋势other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, we also strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food,timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability ofsimilar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of the world's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource 第五章火山灾害 2学时第一节火山与火山活动一、火山的类型二、火山喷发样式三、火山喷发物四、火山的空间分布第二节火山喷发灾害效应与资源效应一、火山喷发灾害二、火山喷发的资源效应三、重大火山灾害实例第三节火山活动的监测与预报一、火山活动的前兆现象二、火山活动监测三、火山喷发预报第四节减轻火山灾害的对策一、危险性火山的识别与评价二、火山地区土地利用规划三、与工程有关的减灾对策四、火山应急管理五、灾后援助与重建第六章斜坡地质灾害 5学时第一节斜坡地质灾害的类型及其影响因素一、斜坡地质灾害的类型二、斜坡地质灾害的影响因素三、中国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流的发育规律第二节崩塌一、崩塌的特点二、崩塌的形成条件三、崩塌力学机制四、崩塌的分类五、崩塌的危害第三节滑坡一、滑坡的特点二、滑坡的形成条件三、滑坡的成因机制四、滑坡的分类五、滑坡的危害第四节泥石流一、泥石流的一般特征二、泥石流的形成条件三、泥石流的运动特征与机理四、泥石流的分类五、泥石流的危害六、泥石流的灾害实例第五节斜坡地质灾害的防治工程一、崩塌的防治二、滑坡的防治三、泥石流的防治第七章地面变形地质灾害 5学时第一节地面变形地质灾害的类型及其分布规律第二节地面沉降一、地面沉降的特征与分布二、地面沉降的危害三、地面沉降的成因机制和形成条件四、地面沉降的监测与预报五、地面沉降的防治第三节地裂缝一、地裂缝的特征、类型与分布二、地裂缝的成因机制和形成条件三、地裂缝的危害四、地裂缝灾害的防治措施第四节岩溶地面塌陷一、岩溶地面塌陷的分布规律二、岩溶地面塌陷的成因机制和形成条件三、岩溶地面塌陷的危害四、岩溶地面塌陷的监测预报五、岩溶地面塌陷灾害防治措施第八章矿山与地下工程地质灾害 2学时第一节矿山与地下工程地质灾害的类型第二节矿区地面变形与荒漠化一、矿区地面塌陷与地裂缝二、矿区荒漠化第三节矿山与地下工程地压灾害一、冒顶垮帮二、岩爆三、煤与瓦斯突出四、露天边坡失稳第四节瓦斯爆炸与煤层自燃一、瓦斯爆炸二、煤城自燃第五节矿井突水一、矿井突水的致灾条件和影响因素二、矿井突水的危害三、矿井突水灾害的防治对策other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, we also strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business andindustrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consuming enterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability ofsimilar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of the world's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource 第九章表生环境地球化学异常与地方病 2学时第一节表生环境地球化学特征一、表性环境中元素的迁移转化二、表性环境地下水位的地带性特征三、人类活动对原生地下水位环境的影响第二节表生环境地球化学异常与人体健康一、原生地球化学环境与人体健康二、环境污染与人体健康第十章土地荒漠化 2学时第一节概述一、荒漠化的基本概念二、土地荒漠化的类型与成因三、土地荒漠化的现状和发展趋势第二节沙质荒漠化一、沙质荒漠化的分布特征二、沙质荒漠化的成因三、沙质荒漠化的危害四、沙质荒漠化的遥感监测五、沙质荒漠化的防治第三节水土流失一、水土流失发育状况二、水土流失的类型与影响因素三、水土流失的危害四、水土流失的防治的对策第四节土壤盐渍化一、土壤盐渍化的形成二、土壤盐渍化的危害三、土壤盐渍化防治对策第十一章特殊土体地质灾害 4学时第一节黄土湿陷一、湿陷性黄土的特征二、黄土湿陷性的原因及其判定三、湿陷性黄土的危害四、湿陷性黄土地的防治措施第二节膨胀土一、膨胀土的特征二、膨胀土的胀缩机理三、膨胀土的危害四、膨胀土灾害的防治措施第三节盐渍土一、盐渍土的类型及其特性二、盐渍土的危害三、盐渍土灾害的防治措施第四节软土一、软土的特征二、软土的危害三、软土地基的加固措施第五节冻土一、冻土的特征二、冻土的分布三、冻土的不良地质现象四、冻土的灾害及防治措施第十二章其它地质灾害 2学时第一节地下水资源恶化一、地下水的特征二、区域性地下水水位下降三、地下水质恶化第二节洪涝灾害一、洪涝灾害的分布与危害二、洪涝灾害的成因三、防洪减灾的主要措施第三节海岸带地质灾害一、海岸带地质灾害的类型二、海水入侵三、海岸侵蚀四、海平面上升四、教学参考书1.潘懋李铁锋灾害地质学北京大学出版社 2002年4月2.段永侯罗元华柳源等中国地质灾害中国建筑工业出版社 1993年12月3.张梁张业成罗元华地质灾害灾情评估理论与实践地质出版社 1998年12月4.刘传正环境工程地质学导论地质出版社 1995年12月5.李铁锋孙竹友环境地质学地震出版社 1997年8月other projects, even if another large investment, high taxes, we also strongly on not, never GDP with pollution. We want to aim at a number of high-tech, pollution-free enterprise, attracted to the County have elevated role of enterprise high-tech projects with the benchmark model. Second, attracting to focused. Last three years, we attract construction ... ... A billion project, which ... ... A project,too ... ... Billion only ... ... And high-tech projects there. This shows that our biggest weakness is a lack of high scientific and technological content, investment scale, good prospects of the project. To compensate for this weakness, investment focus of the next step to highlight five areas: one should focus on the development of tourism industry, speed up urbanization and improvement of leading industry chain catch investment, the introduction of star-rated hotels, tourism product, high quality urban complex, high-end sales business and industrial enterprise. Around the second stone, gloves, canned food, timber industry upgrade to hold investment, introduced a number of industrial development, leading the development of major projects, leading enterprises. III should focus on high energy-consumingenterprises and reducing consumption, grasping difficult corporate turnaround, bankruptcy and corporate restructuring business, which introduced a number of energy efficiency high, driving ability ofsimilar level and high level enterprise. Four around catch high-tech enterprise investment, the introduction of a number of science and technology, strong research and development capabilities, high value-added products, especially resource intensive processing businesses. Five, leader arrested merchants around big projects. World 500 strong, large State owned enterprises and privately-owned giant as main goal, knock the door, big business, and ensure the introduction of over 1 billion yuan during the year project ... ... A, introduction of the world's top 500, China's top 500 enterprises ... ... Home, complete the tasks of foreign capital of 8 billion yuan. Third, attracting directions should be clear. Relying on our industrial base and resource。