adgar allan poe(爱伦坡)
allan poe 最著名的诗
《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》等是爱伦·坡最著名的诗。
1.爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe，1809年1月19日-xxx），美国文学家、诗人、小说家、文学评论家和编辑，被誉为恐怖文学和侦探小说之父，以其心理恐怖文学作品著称。
2.《乌鸦》是爱伦·坡最著名的诗之一，它被认为是美国文学史上最伟大的作品之一，直到今天它仍然具有深远的影响力。
3.这首诗以诗人孤独和悲伤的内心世界为主题，描述了一个孤独哀伤的男子，因失去了心爱的女人琳达而陷入绝望之中。
4.诗中的“乌鸦”代表了逝去的象征，它不断地重复“从未更”这句话，无情地嘲讽诗人，使他更加绝望和绝望。
5.《乌鸦》采用了复杂的韵律和押韵，诗歌节奏感极强，语言精练而深刻，给人以极强烈的震撼。
6.另一首著名的爱伦·坡的诗是《安娜贝尔·李》，它也是他的代表作之一，被认为是恐怖文学史上的经典之作。
7.《安娜贝尔·李》以其超凡的想象力和深刻的洞察力，揭示了诗人对已故恋人的思念之情，以及对逝去爱情的深深怀念。
8.这首诗以其独特的想象力和对逝去的恐惧感，将爱情和逝去结合在一起，表现出了爱伦·坡深沉的内心世界和对恐怖的探索。
9.《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》都具有极强的艺术价值和文学价值，它们对后世的文学创作产生了深远的影响，成为了后世文学作品的重要源泉。
10.爱伦·坡最著名的诗《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》不仅在诗歌创作上具有极高的艺术价值，而且在文学史上还产生了深远的影响，成为了美国文学史上的经典之作。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）以其独特的文学风格和对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察而闻名。
在他那短暂而不幸的一生中，他留下了许多著名的作品，其中最著名的当属《乌鸦》和《安娜贝尔·李》这两首诗。
《乌鸦》中的主人公，原本是一个愉快的年轻人，然而他的丧偶给他带来了无尽的痛苦和绝望。
allan poe 爱伦坡简介 ppt课件
Part III. Poe’s literary position
Forerunner of western decadent literature Forerunner of aesthetic literature Explorer of abnormal psychology Father of psychoanalytic criticism Path-breaker of American detective novel Father of modern short story
An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed （fired） less than a year later
Page 7
A: poetry
made Poe famous as a poet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
The Raven (1844) 《乌鸦》 Annabel Lee 《安娜贝尔丽》 “Nevermore”永不再 The Sleeper 《睡美人》 A Dream Within a Dream 《梦中梦》 Israfel 《伊斯拉菲尔》 The Bells 《钟》 Sonnet – To Science 《十四行诗--致科学》 To Helen 《献给海伦》 The City in the Sea 《海中的城市》
Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦· 坡 (1809—1849)
A poet, short story writer, and literary critic
爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析EllenPoe
The Raven
The Raven
从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭， 沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻—— 当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂， 仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。 “有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房 门—— 唯此而已，别无他般。”
哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二 月；
把压力和不幸转化为奋进的力量 ——爱伦坡
美国著名作家爱伦坡是世界文坛上最著名、最浪 漫的天才之一。但爱伦坡的一生，历经了屈辱与苦 难。他自小就是个孤儿，受尽了白眼与欺辱。在被 一个富有的烟草商人收为养子后，由于不能博得养 父的欢心，竟被骂为“白痴”，用棍棒打出家门。 当他在西点军校求学时，有一次，应该持枪在操场 练习时，他却躲在房子里写诗，结果被教官发现， 送去军事法庭审判，而后在所有学员的蔑视中被踢 了出去。
疑惑中似乎梦见从前没人敢梦见的梦 幻；
2．In the final stanza, Helen is addressed as Psyche the Greek word for “ breath” or “soul”. How do you reconcile this with the earlier references to Helen of Troy, whose legendary beauty led to the Trojan War?
爱伦坡 Edgar_Allan_Poe 介绍
柯南· 道尔说：“在推理小说 创作这条狭窄的小路上， 一个作家必须步行，而他总 会看到在他的前面有
爱· 伦坡Edgar Allan Poe
的脚印。”
Edgar Allan Poe
• Born: January 19, 1809) Boston, Massachusetts, USA • Died: October 7, 1849 (aged 40) Baltimore, Maryland, USA • Occupation: Poet, short-story writer, editor, literary critic • Genres: Horror fiction, crime fiction, detective fiction • Literary movement: Romanticism
Байду номын сангаас
巅峰
• Pioneer of Symbolism 象征主义先驱 • Aesthete唯美主义者
Influences of Poe
• 1. Influenced writers of split personality. • 2. Influenced literary (psychoanalytic) criticism. • 3. Influenced writers dealing with the disintegration of personality ( psychological fiction). • 4. father of the detective fiction （ ratiocinative fiction) & psychoanalytic criticism 5. contributed to the science fiction
EdgarAllanPOE爱伦坡的写作艺术特色
山西师范大学现代文理学院本科毕业论文爱伦﹒坡恐怖小说的写作艺术特色姓名：王丽霞系别：外语专业：英语班级：1103学号：**********指导老师：***答辩日期：成绩：内容摘要：爱伦坡的恐怖小说因深刻的颓废之美，怪异，忧郁而闻名。
本文通过分析埃德加·爱伦·坡最具代表性的恐怖小说,可以探知作者的心灵式恐怖。
埃德加·爱伦·坡的小说明显继承了传统哥特文学。
随着对哥特式文学独创性的继承，创作出属于他的独一无二的恐怖小说。
同时，在他恐怖小说中呈现出的写作特色包括象征手法，渲染手法，第一人称叙事角度。
运用心理分析法分析神秘，隐晦的象征手法，理解其具体意义和它是如何激发读者的想象力，使读者在想象中体验恐惧的魅力。
对色彩，环境的渲染使得恐怖故事具有阴暗，恐怖的画面感。
第一人称的叙事角度，使得故事变得更加逼真，贴近读者，让读者直面血淋淋的场景。
这些手法的应用，顺利解决了恐怖小说创作中推进情节和制造恐怖感的难题。
对爱伦·坡恐怖小说写作特色的分析会帮助读者更好地理解他的书和思想。
关键词：爱伦坡恐怖小说写作艺术特色AbstractEdgar Allan Poe‟s horrible fictions are well-known for a profound beauty of decadence, grotesque and gloom. In this paper, through analyzing the most representative American writer Edgar Allan Poe‟s horror fictions, we can touch the writer‟s uncanny world. Edgar Allan P oe‟s fiction s obviously inherit from the traditional Gothic literature. Poe, with his ingenious inheritance from Gothicism, created a unique style for his horrible tales. At the same time, his writing characteristics including symbolism, rendering technique and the first person visual angel are presented in most of his horrible stories. Using the psychological analysis to analyze the mysterious and obscure symbolism, to understand its specific meaning, and how to arouse the readers' imagination, which makes readers experience the glamour of the fear. Rendering of the colors, environment makes the horror stories with dark, terror sense of pictures. First-person narrative point of view makes the story become more realistic and close to the reader confronted the bloody scene. Application of these techniques successfully solved the problem of advancing the plot and producing terror feelings in the creation of horror fiction. Analyzing Poe ‟ s writing artistic features will certainly help people to understand his book and thoughts.Key words :Edgar Allan Poe horror fictions writing artistic characteristicsContentI. Introduction (1)II. Gothic Features (2)A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic” (2)a. The character‟s horror actions……………………………………….3.b. The scene settings (3)c. The theme of death (3)B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature……………………………….5. III. SymbolismA. The Definition of Symbolism (5)a. Scene images (6)b. Color images (6)c. Animals images (7)B. Analysis Symbol From Psychology (7)a. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory………………………………………....7.b. From Aristotle‟s Theory (9)IV. Rendering T echniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering Technique (9)Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ.The specific Application of First Person (10)VI. Conclusion (11)Work citedThe Writing Artistic Characteristics In Edgar Allan Poe’s Horror FictionsI. Introduction.Not a passion is more direct touch the soul of human than fear. We can deeply realize the frightened soul, and totally immerse in terror tales which created by Poe. Dangerous actually does not exist, but Edgar Allan Poe used his gifted imagination and narrative skills to show them with specific subtle details. With the degree of terror upgrading, the panics make readers immersive.Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) is one of the most outstanding writers in American three prominent terror novelists. He is the American 19th century author of fiction, poet, literary critic, journalist, editor. His poetry and fictions have been attracted extensive attention from all over the world, especially his horror fictions, with its mystery, terror attracts more and more researchers‟ interest. In his tales, he created an integrated mysterious and terrible atmosphere, and achieved thrilling effect. He is good at using fantasy to express his awake and wise, and a meditation of life. As the notable English writer George Bernard Shaw once said, the United States has two great writers, Edgar Allan Poe and Mark Twain. "Poe's greatness lies in his was the first one to start digging human consciousness is the deepest darkness in the field of people." (常耀信Chang Yaoxin)Once there are many conventional people feel hard to accept this kind of weird protagonists for they are used to reading that encouraging stories that full of love and hope. He was misunderstood by his contemporaries and their followers for a long time. Mark Twain thought Poe‟s prose hard to be readable. However, now his works both attract readers, and let the reader feel the narrator‟s sometimes lucid, sometimes maniacal abnormal mind. He believed “art for art‟s sake”. His theory of effects and unity and the techniques he used in his tales have influenced most writer after him, especially the detective writers. The authors explored two extremes, the people‟s good or evil, reason or mania, and strove to depict the intermediate zone between the two extremes. In his works, Poe confused boundaries between reason and mania, the difference between waking anddream. Beauty and terror, fear and pleasure that are accompanied with each other.II. Gothic Features.A. The Definition of the Term “Gothic”.Gothic literature is a collection of terror and romantic literature. Edgar Allan Poe 's horror fiction not only inherited the traditional Gothic novel writing pattern, but also develop a unique Gothic novel writing style. The origin of the "Gothic" can be traced back to the word "Goths" , which initially described the Germanic tribes of the most deadly, savage branch. And the "Gothic style" is used to describe French church architectures of the 11th century, and its characteristics are high taper steeples, high arch windows, colored glasses and internal gloomy environments. The Gothic novel originated in Britain in the late 18th century. The Castle of Otranto(1764) written by Horace Walpole established the model of the early classical Gothic novel. Since then, this writing style attracted many people to imitate, and extended to the whole Europe and the United States. Ed gar Allan Poe are the most significant among the representative personages in the early Gothic novel.The Gothic novel has strong appeals to readers, for its profound psychological and the aesthetic sources. The psychology of the Gothic novel is based on a sense of fear and curiosity by nature. When readers are reading Gothic stories, they usually have a strong experience of fear, of being personally on the scene and do not worry their own safety at the same time. Readers have a experience of imagination themselves or replace the characters, or as a participant, or as a spectator, and with the development of events in the works, readers complete adventures travel of mind. There is no any cost of adventure. Modern people and ancestors are both keen to ancient monsters, popular legends and appalling and scary ghost stories. Although people will be afraid of them, but they still want to find stimulation. Human curiosity, the demand of fear and safety, and the demand of courageous hero are all meet in the Gothic novels. When society people are feeling depressed, this kind of work is popular in the market.The Gothic novel, fundamentally speaking, is the past and present negative reaction of comfortable, safe political stability and the commercial prosperity.The most important thing is that it resists rational control. Therefore, the hero is usually violent and cruel in theGothic novel, which plots are bloody and violent, and often happened in the past, especially in the middle ages, and used castles, ruins or wilderness as the background. The plot is weird and horrific, and often with a mysterious supernatural, giving people the most strong fears of the soul and visual stimulation.a.the character‟s terror actionThe Gothic novels ‟characters was oppressed by social and secular vision for a long-time, so they usually became insane and crazy. Such as Heathcliff in the Wuthering heights. And in Edgar Allan Poe ‟ s novels, hero usually became vicious brutality in that inexplicable fear in his inner world.In a Bucket of White Wine, he deceived Fortunato to his home cellar and killed him, who once insulted him.In the Black Cat, the author describes the actions of killing the black cat and his wife.“Slowly I took a knife from my pocket, opened it, and then carefully cut out one of Pluto‟s eyes from its socket.”and when the hero killed his wife, he thought that he could cut the body up into very small pieces and then burn them in a fire, and that he could put the body in a box and then ask someone to carry the box away.Moreover, in the Tell-Tale Heart, Poe depicted this cruel pictures: “ First , I cut it into pieces. I cut off the head and the arms and the legs. I then took up there boards from the wooden floor, and hid the body underneath.”b. the scene settingsUnder the traditional Gothic novel, the choice of the scene is very common. They were likely to select a bleak and isolated places, such as castles, cellars, cemetery, as the scene of the story. And Edgar Allan Poe also had an obsession with the theme of death. Poe was good at using his unique imagination, with the help of a grim scenario, to strengthen the result of the terror. Poe insisted that this closed, dark environment can expose human nature and desire and show human irrational world.c. the theme of deathBecause the Gothic novels itself is from the eerie, dark and mysterious architectural style, its contents are generally violence, murder, fornication, etc. The death of death isthe eternal theme in the Gothic novels, of course, which is Edgar Allan Poe's most beloved. When the terrible incidents happened, there are often accompanied with some characters ‟s death. Before Poe, the author Lewis created a novel Monastery whose plots contained killing one with maltreatment, which is the landmark work in the Gothic novels. Therefore Poe inherited these kinds of plot from the former writer. Edgar Allan Poe‟s life is suffered form a series of blows and grief, so he can more deeply understand the theme of death.For Poe, death is not a natural fact, but an accident which people could not control when it happens. Death means a new lease of life and a transcending. It has a super organic meaning.(Poe‟s Aesthetic Perspectives of Beauty in Art , Life and Death. 潘蕾2006，April，26页)A bucket of white wine is the most representative and typical revenge of the theme of death. Avengers Monterroso knew a lot about his enemy Fortunato as his profound hatred in his heart. He held on to others fatal weakness, which is human common weakness, vanity, and he knew that Fortunato …s biggest weakness is that he considered himself as a reviewer of good wines. Monterroso pretended a worship, friendly, warm and affectionate heart in surface, but actually hidden dangers and set a trap.In the Masque of the Red Death, death seems to be doomed and invincible. In the shadow of death, people are panic, hysterical, and despair hidden under the carnival. As "the Red Death" spread in the whole city, half the people of this country had already died from it. In order to avoid the plague, the fearless prince Prospero invite a thousand of his brave and strong friends to stay with him in a castle, far out in the countryside. The castle had a strong high walls and great gates of heavy metal. They all thought that they fled to a safety place far away from the Red Death. That forms an obvious contrast: outside wall is red death world, life itself yet was inside the castle. The contrast of death and life, and the close distance of them let a person have no way to retreat and make people crazy. Party held in seven rooms, but the seventh room was the most frightening for its walls were black, carpet was also black, but its windows were a deep blood-red. No one can enter into this black room that represented the domain of the death and meant people‟s deep fear. Every time as the clock slowly rang the twelve long chimes of midnight, it remindedrevelers of the coming of death and let their hearts experience death's powerful and oppression at every moment.B. The Creation of the Gothic Literature.Edgar Allan Poe made a bold innovation of the Gothic literature, turned the horrors of the Gothic novel into mental horror,and revealed the human inner fear.Poe once wrote his mental terror in the preface of Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque. If the theme in many of his story has always been a terror, he insisted that the terror is not German type, but a type of mind. He deduced such terror just from reasonable source, and simply made the tendency of reasonable results.In the Gothic novels, Poe made innovations in the structure of the form. The characteristics of the progressive type structure is obvious, clear, and easy to narrate. Along with the advancement of the story, the narrative rhythm speeding up, the plot is becoming more and more exciting to achieve climax under the atmosphere of terror. In Poe 's horror fictions, he further developed the progressive structure. Using the first person in order to recall the past things according to chronological order. Narration stratification makes the development of tales particular attracted, and mysterious. In the novel of William Wilson, using the structure of the progressive type tells the story of “I”in chronological order. “I”go to school met a student whose name and birthday is the same as me. And he was always opposing me. So "I" became more and more wild. After fighting again and again, “I” killed “another I”.He revealed the evil in human nature. In the second half of the 19th century America, the beautiful art still occupied the dominant position. Until the last century, the principle of beauty and ugliness was introduced to the modernism art. A large number of literature and art creators tried to reveal the contradictions of society and life from the opposite side. Edgar Allan Poe 's works existed a lot of ugliness, and also broke through the traditional aesthetics. Poe‟s aesthetic innovation exceeded other contemporary writers.III. Symbolism.A. The Definition of SymbolismThe symbolism is an artistic technique that expresses similar emotions and thoughtswith the specific image that easily associated. So-called objective image is through different emotional activities to create a kind of artistic image. In other words, it is an objective image that used to express objective emotions. Poe was influenced by British romanticism and German idealism aesthetic. So Poe is keen on singular weird things that in his view are not terrible, but a beauty of the bizarre. Poe fully utilized his genius, to create one by one significant and profound images. He used some animals or things to represent the abstract concept, which can be divided into the following category.a. Scene images.The ancient castle in the Masque of the Red Death, the dark damp underground wine cellar in a Bucket of White Wine, the bleak old house in the Fall of the House of Usher are scene images. Airtight, isolated and bleak scene image produces a depressive environment, and impacts the protagonist's psychological feelings and spirit.After reading the Fall of the House of Usher I was scared for a long time. At first sight, it seems to be an abnormal emotional story, but the image setting not stayed on the surface meaning, but gave it more complex and deeper meaning. The house of usher symbolic meaning is that it gave birth to the old family, but at the same time closed itself, also closed its owner. And the House of Usher is on behalf of both the collapsed building and the family. In the end, the house and its owner both ruined. The characteristics of the house are similar to the temperament of the hero. To achieve the effect of the unified theory, Edgar Allan Poe integrated the scene image with hero‟s temperament. The melancholy House of Usher shows the protagonist's mental state with great pain.b. Color imageIt is badly common to use color as the image in Poe ‟s horror novels. Red and black were also his favorite color images. He chose them for red is the color of blood and black is a symbol of death. In the Masque of the Red Death, the seventh room was black and its walls were black, its thick, heavy carpet was also black. But its windows were a deep blood-red. For each fire was opposite a window, so in the black room the firelight that shone through the blood-red window changed the room into something too horrible to describe. And as the fires burned brighter, the colors and shapes in this room became morehorrible than ever.In the fall of the house of Usher, the black tapestry, the dark silent lake, in the tell-tale heart,the dark lantern, the old man had a pale, blue eyes that all brought people greatly unease and panic. Whether black cat or the dark House of Usher are both filled with so much color images that produced more horrific feelings.c. Animal imageIn the book of the Black Cat , this title laid an ominous tone for the full story. The black cat is not a simple "object", but a prominent horror, which makes the hero in fear all the time, also gives the readers a kind of fear of excitement and pleasure. In the West, the ominous black cat is the embodiment of the witch and a symbol of evil. The name of the black cat, Pluto, was originally the name of the hell and the ruler of the underworld in the ancient Greek mythology. Pluto often made a sinister sound. Edgar Allan Poe designed the Black Cat as title and Pluto as the name of the cat, which the aim is to create an terrible atmosphere. As shown in the ending, the black cat led to a end, “ On top of her head, with a red, open mouth and one burning eye, sat the black cat - the animal which has had made me a murderer, and which would now send me to death.”When the first cat hanged in a few days later, there appeared another black cat that like Pluto, but a white mark on its chest. The white mark of the chest showed the shape of the gallows, which made the hero frighten. The white mark reminded his crimes, aroused his guilt, and became the symbol of his crimes.In short, Poe not only simple inherited the death and gloomy aesthetic orientation, violent plots in the Gothic literature but also innovated the Gothic writing techniques, and more strove to explore people‟s inner world.B. Analysis Symbol From Psychologya. From Sigmund Freud‟s Theory.Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory focuses on the study of human unconscious mental activity. Freudian theory of human psyche is a kind of"understanding people's motivation, personality, mental activity of science." It has a huge influences on many areas in modern western society. Among them, the three-level personality structurepoints out that the imbalance of ego, id or the self, superego will lead to mental illness and personality disorder."The self", or the subconscious mind, is the most basic part of the personality structure and lies in the deepest heart, representing the most primitive, instinctive impulse and desire. Id follows the principles of happiness that do not have any moral, ethical and value factors. It is easily impulsive, but can be controlled and regulated. "The ego" is from “the id”and is the executor of the personality. It is the medium that contact with the outside world according to actual condition to adjust the id and the superego and it does things according to the moral principles. "The superego" is a manager in the personality structure, and is on behalf of the social moral standards. Since there always exists the opposite between the superego and the id, ego needs to coordinate the contradictions between the id and the superego.Only the id, ego and superego arrive balance, can a person's spiritual world be normal. If they don't balance, they can cause abnormal mentality and personality distortion.Poe probed the most secret unconscious and subconscious mental activities that showed a person‟s mentality from abnormal to breakdown.Poe's psychological description is vivid, natural and frank. Through psychological activities, we can see the ugliness and evil of human nature, and have a profound introspection and the purification of the soul.In the book of the Black Cat,when the hero‟s superego is unable to suppress and prevent id‟s violent impulse, violent nature that hidden in the depths of the protagonist subconscious began to do evil things. So one day the hero committed unforgivable crimes under the uncontrolled evil thoughts. Later, protagonist and his superego was tormented by criminal facts. Every time he remember that day he killed the cat, he still feel sadness and pain. As a result of the need to self hurt self, people often know that we should not do but still done something stupid or evil. In this novel, Poe went into the most deep place of the human consciousness that showed the evil instinct in a person's unconscious.Usher lived in the house of usher where full of despair for a long time, and only had a sister. The intolerable darkness, and desolate, terrible, bleak atmosphere gradually eroded and distorted Usher‟s spirit. And because id overindulgence made he fornicate with his sister, he felt deeply regret, fear, anxiety and guilt. Because of id indulgence, superego will severely punish id.It is difficult to achieve balance for these three parts which are always contradictory and not harmonious in the personality structure, so everyone more or less have somemental illness that symptoms severity or lighter. The objective environment make the readers realize the psychological development of health and personality molding auxiliary need good environment, including family environments, school environments, social environments, etc. Ego should coordinate the relationship between the id and the superego, and should emphasize the guidance and warning role of superego and should make decisions according to the social ethics and common sense.b. From the theory of effects and unifyIn "the review of H awthorne’s twice told tales" (the review of Hawthorne 's twice told tales. 1840) he explained his creation principles. He thought a clever writer not put his own thoughts into his plot, but planned in advance and created a unique distinctive effect, and then fabricated some plots and contacted with these plots. All these things are in order to realize the theory of effect and unify. He believed that the work should be a harmonious unity. From beginning to end, every detail, every plot, each place, even every sentence, every word should achieve a unified effect.Based on his famous creation principle of theory of the effect and unify. Through his elaborate conception and clever arrangement, he created the unique aesthetic effects, and aesthetic values.In the novels, name is not random, but carefully chosen for the ultimate horror effects. The pronunciation of Fortunato is similar with fortunate, and Pluto is the name of the hell in ancient Greek mythology.IV. Rendering TechniqueA. The Specific Application of Rendering TechniqueIn Poe 's horror fictions, both the depiction of psychology, environment, and all kinds of horrible death way in the novels, give one impression of terror. In the fall of the house of usher, Poe portrayed“I looked up at the old house with its high stone walls and narrow windows. I looked around at the thin dry grass and the old dying trees, and sick, and could not think of one happy thought to chase away my gloom.”Thus we can see, His works through rendering environment, such as old house, high stone walls, narrow windows, thin dry grass, old dying tree, to emphasize the decline of the surrounding environment, which makes people feel that life is fragile and prepares for the next horrible plot.In the Fall of the House of Usher, about seven or eight days after they had put LadyMadeleine‟s coffin in the vault. Outside, there was a storm which was growing wilder. “I”could hear some low sounds from somewhere inside the house. And then Poe described the violent storm as the follow that made people feel much tension.“T he wind from the violent storm outside crashed into the room, nearly knocking us to the floor. It was, indeed, a wild, but strangely beautiful night. The wind seemed to be going in circles around the house, and huge, heavy black clouds chased each other, first this way, then that way. We could see no moon and no stars, but a pale ghostly light lay around the house.”At that moment, “I”read a wild, fantastic story whose plot is Ethelred breaking the old man‟s door, the cry of the dragon, and the falling of the gates. This story the hero read enhanced the tense atmosphere. And then the plot arrived the climax. Usher‟s body began to shake, and a sickly smile came over his lips. He said that he had put Madeleine alive into a coffin. At the end of this story, Poe depicted this picture “O utside, the storm was still violent and as I ran past the lake, a sudden wild light shone around me......There was a long shouting sound, like the voice of a thousand waters, and the deep dark lake closed over the broken pieces of the House of Usher.”which made everything disappeared and the story full of the breath of despairing.Ｖ．Writing From First PersonＡ．The specific Application of First PersonIt's not hard to find that the first person in narration in Poe 's horror fictions. From the perspective of the reader, applying the first person to give readers a real feeling, to stimulate reading interest, and to build a kind of objective real effect. While from the author himself, using the first person in narrating the experience of gruesome story can objectively present and tell the hero's thoughts and behaviors. This way can let article write fluently and better analyze the narrator own mental condition. Poe seemed to be a prophet of god, and know the development of all things.In the novel William Wilson, a series of events experienced by the author with "I" as the main content, he also let readers feel that has really happened , and leave the deep impression.In the beginning of the Tell-Tale Heart,“I could hear all things, things in this world and things in heaven. I heard many things in hell, too. So how can I be mad?”The "I" repeatedly stressed he is not crazy, normal mental, how people have a normal mental to kill the old man suffered from cataract? When the police asked what has happened, “I”heard the noise of the old man‟s noise of beating heart becoming louder and clearer, and then “I”collapsed, told the police that the corpse was under the floor. If “I” didn't hear that beating heart, I can escape from the pain of heart, and legal sanctions, but “I”heard this horrible noise was bigger and bigger, “I” argued, “I” walked up and down the room, “I” felt that “I”must scream or die. Finally, “I” can not stand it and accept the realistic punishment.“We humans seem to like hurting ourselves. Haven‟t we all, a hundred times, done something stupid or evil just because we know that we should not do it? ”He borrowed "I" in The Black Cat to briefly analyze people ‟ s criminal mentality, and show that the dark inner corner of the man.IV. ConclusionPoe lived in America where the whole country was filled with hope of life in the second half of the 19th century, however, he focused on the death, and the darkness. Edgar Allan Poe 's works not only improved the depth and breadth in literature, and promoted the development of the romanticism, but also studied social concerned psychological problems now. Poe by means of describing the terror to express his view on the good and evil, to expose meditation and inner struggle in the modern western. As a successor and innovator of traditional Gothic literature, he has become a significant writer in American literature. He used techniques such as symbol, rendering, the first person visual single in his tales to create a stunning success. Edgar Allan Poe's strove to explore the secrets of the human mind, and explored the limits of human psychology. He showed that beauty is not a kind of nature, but make the readers feel strong sense of pleasure from horror and let readers enjoy them.。
诗人爱伦坡的简介
诗人爱伦坡的简介埃德加;爱伦;坡，被尊崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一。
爱伦;坡是美国的短篇小说家先锋之一，并被公认是推理小说的创造者，甚至被视为科幻小说的共同催生者之一。
下面是搜集整理的诗人爱伦坡的简介，希望对你有帮助。
埃德加;爱伦;坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809～1849)，美国作家、诗人、编者与文学评论家，是第一位众所周知、仅以创作一职糊口的美国作家，并因此长期陷于经济困难与不顺遂之中。
他的短篇小说大致分为三类：恐怖故事、谋杀疑案和科学难解之谜。
他开创了侦探小说的先河，被称为“侦探小说之父”。
1849年10月7日，爱伦;坡逝于巴尔的摩，得年四十岁，死因不明，各类说法甚多。
他的著作亦时常现身于文学、音乐、电影与电视等流行文化中。
爱伦;坡生前的各处居所则多被保留为博物馆至今。
诗人爱伦坡的文学风格爱伦;坡的恐怖小说带有浪漫主义的特色。
纵观爱伦;坡的恐怖小说创作，其故事主题大都“揭示了人类意识及潜意识中的阴暗面”，这;点显然迥异于同时代的其他浪漫主义作家。
爱伦;坡以恐怖小说这样一种特殊的文学形式深入刻画与呈现了非现实状态下人的精神状态和心理特征，试图“以非现实、非理性的表达方式来揭示现代人的精神因顿”。
他借助想象奇特、恐怖怪异的故事情节，通过夸张、隐喻和象征等修辞手段表现人性的危机，激起读者浓厚阅读兴趣的同时，震撼心灵，发人深省。
爱伦;坡恐怖小说的浪漫主义特色还体现在他独特的创作风格上。
与爱默生、惠特曼等主流作家乐观自信、热情洋溢的格调不同，爱伦;坡通过展示死亡与丑恶来表现自己独特的浪漫主义灵感，以象征、隐喻的方式表达自己对世界、对人性的理解。
他的恐饰小说常常置景于深渊、城堡、暗室、暴风雨或月光之下，人物备受孤独、死亡意识与精神反常的折磨，读起来令人毛骨悚然、不寒而栗，宛如噩梦一般。
爱伦;坡文笔考究，运词精当，通过构思设计惊险奇绝的情节，在恐怖小说中向读者极力描绘了一个个常人难以想象的怪诞事件和恐怖场景，制造意境，渲染气氛，准确达到作品预期的艺术效果。
Adgar Allen Poe 埃德加 爱伦坡
• 2. Horror • 3.Negative thoughts of science
Achievement
①American author, poet, editor and literary critic . ②One of the earliest American practitioners of the short story . ③Considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. ④His aesthetics, his call for "the rhythmical creation of beauty" have influenced French symbolists and the devotees of "art for art's sake." ⑤Acknowledged as one of the most brilliant and original writers in American literature. 心理分析的) ⑥Father of psychoanalytic(心理分析的 criticism. 心理分析的
3.意境美 3.意境美
作者大量运用大量运用意（ ），即用具体 作者大量运用大量运用意（image），即用具体 ）， 的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。 的形象或画面表达作者在理智和感情方面的体会。 意象根据人的感官表现为视觉意象、听觉意象、 意象根据人的感官表现为视觉意象、听觉意象、 嗅觉意象、触觉意象、味觉意象、动觉意象、 嗅觉意象、触觉意象、味觉意象、动觉意象、抽 象意象。在第一节中bore,第二节中 第二节中roam,给人 象意象。在第一节中 第二节中 给人 强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。第二节thy 强烈的动感，称为动觉意象。第二节 hyacinth hair和第三节 和第三节brilliant window-niche 和第三节 直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。此外， 直接作用于我们的视觉，称为视觉意象。此外， 用perfumed sea作用于我们的嗅觉，称为嗅觉 作用于我们的嗅觉， 作用于我们的嗅觉 意象。 意象
英语论文爱伦坡小说中的现实主义全手写
英语论⽂爱伦坡⼩说中的现实主义全⼿写1. Introduction:Adgar Allan Poe is a productive American writer in 19th century. He played an important role in American literary, especially in the aspect of horror novels. He is considered to be the father of detective story. His stories were full of creative pace and attract readers impressively. With in the middle of 19th century all kinds of realistic schools rising, Poe attained unprecedented popularity. Although he was a famous writer in the literary of romantic period, his thought contained abundant modern meaning. Allan Tate said that for most modern people, Poe seemed like one of our unpopular cousin. Poe was isolated by us, but could not be removed from our mind. This almost was a kind of kin. We had to admitted this relationship: his things was destroyed, in the same way, which threatened us potentially. Another modernist poet Welber also issued the similar view. In the 1959 of his speech The House of Poe, he considered that Poe 's writings really contained abundant modern implied meaning. Poe created entirely new territory, meanwhile his waters was the best one. This thesis analyzed the implicit modern factor in his Gothic tale The Black Cat.So-called modernism is not only a kind of literary trend and literary movement, but is also the expressive form of literary style. Modernism start from the late of 19th century, decline from the middle of 20th century. It included so many literal phoneme, such as expressionism, futurism, surrealism, symbolism, and so on. a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement or divergence from the past in the arts and literature occurring esp. in the course of the 20th century and taking form in any of various innovative movements and styles.modernism actually is a kind of spiritual realism, which described dreamland and mysterious abstract moment world. Comparing to romanticism, it got rid of too much catharsis, showed more calmness and more reason. For realism, it disclosed the nature of matter and the truth of spirit directly, broke away from phenomenal shackles. In other words, modernism pursued the nature, discovered the mystery of human being 's inner heart, found person 's conscious activity. These pursuits showed so many aspects, also displayed the format of the novels creative, which pursued innershow and artistic concept audaciously. The development of times and literary, especially the development of novel, should adopted and surround the development of human beings. People get more and more liberary from the material world so that they want to pursue the inner library and truth gradually.Allan Poe is a writer in the period of romanticism, but his thought contained so much look-ahead mind, even affect the modern writers impressively. We can understand this point from one of his Gothic story The Black Cat.2. Introduction of Edgar Allan Poe and The Black Cat2.1.The Introduction of Edgar Allan Poe2.1.1. His Early Life and DeathEdgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American writer, poet, editor and literary critic. He considered part of the American Romantic Movement. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American practitioners of the short story and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.He was born as Edgar Poe in Boston, Massachusetts; he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point, Poe parted ways with the Allans. Poe's publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian". Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move between several cities, includingBaltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. In Baltimore in 1835, he married Virginia Clemm, his 13-year-old cousin. In January 1845, Poe published his poem "The Raven" to instant success. His wife died of tuberculosis two years later. He began planning to produce his own journal, The Penn (later renamed The Stylus), though he died before it could be produced. On October 7, 1849, at age 40, Poe died in Baltimore; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, suicide, tuberculosis, and other agents.2.1.2. His Gothic Novels and InfluencePoe's early detective fiction tales featuring C. Auguste Dupin laid the groundwork for future detectives in literature. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle said, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed.... Where was thedetective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?" The Mystery Writers of American have named their awards for excellence in the genre the "Edgars". Poe's work also influenced science fiction, notably Jules Vernes, who wrote a sequel to Poe's novel The Narrative Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantuacket called An Antarctic Mystery, also known as The Sphinx of The Ice Field Science. fiction author H. G. Wells noted, "Pym tells what a very intelligent mind could imagine about the south polar region a century ago."Like many famous artists, Poe's works have spawned innumerable imitators.One interesting trend among imitators of Poe, however, has been claims by claiervanyts or physics to be "channeling" poems from Poe's spirit.Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic, a genre he followed to appease the public taste. His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition, concerns of premature burial, the reanimation of the dead, and mourning. Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticsim genre, a literary reaction to transcendentalism which Poe strongly disliked. He referred to followers of the movement as "Frogpondians" afterthe pond on Boston Common and ridiculed their writings as "menphtor-run", lapsing into "obscurity for obscurity's sake" or "mysticism for mysticism's sake." Poe once wrote in a letter to Thomas Holly Chiver that he did not dislike Transcendentalists, "only the pretenders and sophistis among them."Beyond horror, Poe also wrote satire humor tales, and hoaxes, For comic effect, he used irony and ludicrous extravagance, often in an attempt to liberate the reader from cultural conformity. In fact, "metzengerstein", the first story that Poe is known to have published, and his first foray into horror, was originally intended as a berlesque satirizing the popular genre.Poe also reinvented science fiction responding in his writing to emerging technologies such as hot air balloons in "The balloon-hoax".Poe wrote much of his work using themes specifically catered for mass market tastes. To that end, his fiction often included elements of popular psedeusciences such as phrenology and physiognomy.Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.2.2. The Introduction of The Black CatThis novel was written trying to achieve an effect of shocking insanity. In this first person narrative the narrator tells of his decline from sanity to madness, all because of an obsession with two (or possibly one) black cats. These ebony creatures finally drive him to take the life his wife, whose death he unsuccessfully tries to conceal.At the beginning, the narrator liked animals very much, especially cat. So he often took back some animals that had not its home. One day, he liked and adopted a black cat as soon as he saw it. Wherever the narrator went,the black cat also likedfollowing him. It is strange that the narrator hated it more and more seriously just because of an obsession with the black cat. So that he dug one of its eyes, even killed the cat by hanging.Because his guilt with the cat, he wanted to find another cat that was similar with the dead cat. Perhaps he wanted to make up for his guilt. One day, he saw a black cat in a hotel, which seemed like the dead cat. In other words, the black cat was exactly alike the dead cat, except that the black cat 's chest had a whit picture, which seems like a scaffold. But the dead cat had not that. Just same as before that, the black cat always followed the narrator like the dead cat. Not difficult to think, the narrator hated it at last and wanted to kill it. Because of his guilt for the dead cat and his fear of the second black cat (the narrator was afraid of confessing ), he did not kill the black cat. One time, the narrator went to the basement with his wife, the black cat following him. He can not stand the cat and put up an axe to kill it, but this behave was prevented from his wife. He was so exciting and angry that he killed his wife first.After he killed his wife, he buried his wife and the black cat that was alive in the wall of the basement. After three or four days, policemen doubted his and searched his house, because his neighbours did nt see his wife went out of their home. By three times searching, policemen had not any result or findings. At the last of searching, the policemen went the narrator 's house and wen down the basement. The narrator was not nervous any longer, he believed his skill was so good and the wall was really firmness, so the policemen did not find any suspicious point. The narrator started to show off his success the moment the policemen went away. When he said his house is so firmness, especially the wall, there is the sound of crying in the wall. The sound became more and more loud and misery. At this time, the wall was broken by the policemen. His wife and the second black cat was found.3. The Modernism Factors in The Black Cat3.1. Symbolism in the Fiction3.1.1. The Definition of SymbolismSymbolism is the earliest and most influential literal school in the western modernism literal movement. It divided into two periods: the former one and the late one. The former period of symbolism was popular in the late of 19th century of France. After the World War I, the later stage of symbolism emerged as the times required. In the 20th century ivory tower century, the later period of symbolism reached a climax.Symbolism possessed distinctly characteristics: creating sick beauty, showing the highest inner reality, implying with symbol, building imagination in the illusion, increasing meditation effects. It developed the artistic characters in the former of symbolism, was against superficial lyric and moralized preachment, was for the unit between emotion and reason. It showed beauty and infinity in the conceptal world by symbol imply, imaging metaphor, free association and the musicality of language.Symbolists focused on describing personal illusions and inner feelings in the subject, involved rarely in broad social themes. In the artistic way, they emphasized creation by using the texture image and the way to hint, contrast, comparison, association. As an international literary trend. Symbolism 's features was almost similar in the every country and districts.3.1.2. Symbolism in the Fictionsymbolism is always an integral part of any Poe story. The most obvious of symbolic references in this story is the cat’s name, Pluto. This is the Roman god of the underworld. Pluto contributes to a strong sense of hell and may even symbolize the devil himself. Another immensely symbolic part of “The Black Cat” is the title itself, since onyx cats have long connoted bad luck and misfortune. The most amazing thing about the symbolism in this story or in any other of Poe’s is that there are probably many symbols that only Poe himself ever knew were in his writings.、3.2. Expressionism in the Fiction3.2.1. The Definition of ExpressionismExpressionism is an important modernism school that was popular in occident literary after The World War I, which is from at the beginning of 20th century to in the year of 30. It derived from Germany, and started from drawing, then affected literary. The features of expressionism: abstraction, deformation, the use of mask, the mixing of space-time, focus on the effect of acousto-optical, the technique of symbol and absurdity. Its theoretical program is " art is not performance, but is representation ". It claimed that literary did not reproduce the objective reality, but showed human beings ' subjective spirit and inner exciting, and expressed that catching the essence of matter by appearance. It is no meaning that described the external form of things accurately.Expressionism in the literary focused on the subjective world, in particular, the strong and naked reveal of mental, emotional and thought. They did not attach the faithful describing of external objective things, and required to break the appearance of the things and show the essence of the inner things. In the poem 's waters, expressionism had in similar to the late of symbolism in the literary. However, there was some differences. Expressionism paid much attention to the realistic society and the promising of human beings, showed enthusiasm for life interference, but symbolism show indifferent for the huge social materials. On the skills, expressionism was bold and unconstrained in the literary, but symbolism was precise carving.3.2.2. Expressionism in the FictionThis fiction told the whole case in the name of narrator(also the first person), Jung has shown through ample cultural evidence that man's conscious, rational tendencies are represented by the animus, whereas its complement, the feminine principle in man's soul representing unconscious, instinctual forces, is symbolized by the anima. In Alchemical Studies Jung said, "I have defined the anima as a personification of the unconscious in general, and have taken it as a bridge to the unconscious" .For Gargano, the black cat of Poe's tale is a direct analogue to the narrator, with propensities for both good and evil. But in Jungian terms, the cat functions as the narrator's anima. Poe made a similar association in the essay "Instinct vs Reason -- a Black Cat," in which he argues that instinct, like a cat, commands a wider range of perceptions than does reason because it relies on irrational impulses.3.3. Surrealism in the Fiction3.3.1. The Definition of SurrealismSurrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the visual art works and writings of the group members.Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur. however, many Surrealistartists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost, with the works being an artifact. Leader Andre Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was above all a revolutionary movement.Surrealism developed out of the Dada activities during World War I and the most important center of the movement was Paris. From the 1920s onward, the movement spread around the globe, eventually affecting the visual arts, literature, film and music of many countries and languages, as well as politic thought and practice, philosophy and social theroy.Many realisms thought that literary is not reproduction reality any more, but express surrealism. In other words, which is that make dream and reality transformed into absolutely reality. Surrealism is the unit between realism and unrealism. For the content, they were against logical conceptual work for showing surrealism. They praised subconsciousness and dream,and even let literary become the production of dream, subconsciousness and mentally ill. Surrealism, which emphasized dream and denounced realism, become the important mark in the literary. They focused on writing people 's subconsciousness and dream and things ' happen. They also put outauto-writing form to the creative way that the above mentioned content.3.3.2.Surrealism in the FictionPoe’s plot development added much of the effect of shocking insanity to The Black Cat. To dream up such an intricate plot of perverseness, alcoholism, murders, fire, revival, and punishment is quite amazing. This story has almost any plot element you can imagine a horror story containing. Who could have guessed, at the beginning of the story, that narrator had killed his wife? The course of events in The Black Cat’s plot is shockingly insane by itself! Moreover, the words in The Black Cat were precisely chosen to contribute to Poe’s effect of shocking insanity. As the narrator pens these he creates a splendidly morbid picture of the plot. Perfectly selected, sometimes rare, and often dark, his words create just the atmosphere that he desired in the story. Expressions such as apparition, vile haunts, and fiendish malevolence were added for atmosphere. Another way that Poe used word choice was with synonyms. The cat was not only the black cat,it was the playmate, the beast, the brute, the apparition, and the monster.character development was most important to Poe’s effect of shocking insanity in The Black Cat. Without the perversely insane narrator this story can’t exist, let alone put across an effect. It is mentioned many times that he loves animals and that he is an alcoholic. In fact many of his rages were caused more by alcohol rather than the black cat. The cat(s) was also vividly developed. At one point early in The Black Ca t, the narrator spends two paragraphs describing his then delightful pet. But as the story progresses both characters change dramatically. The cat is dynamic in that it is hung, reappears with a white splotch on its chest, and has a different disposition than before. The narrator spirals out of control into fits of rage and numerous hideous, unthinkable actions, commencing with the walling up of his own wife (and unbeknownst to him the black cat too) in the cellar.the parallel structure of the story is complete. The attempt at repression and the eventual re-emergence of the subconscious in the first part of the story takes moreextreme forms in the second part; but the insight that the various catastrophes should force upon the narrator never comes. Gargano sees the narrator's lack of moral insight as the cause of the tragic events, but another important cause is his lack of psychological insight into the nature of the instinctual part of man's personality. In acting against it, he is destroyed. Like Jung, Poe warns his readers who are suspicious of the instinctual side of human nature that it can and should be the source of profound intuitions and creative acts. In Instinct vs ReasonC A Black Cat, he ranks it above reason.He yet perpetually finds himself involved in the paradox of decrying instinct as an inferior faculty, while he is forced to admit its infinite superiority, in a thousand cases, over the very reason which he claims exclusively as his own. Instinct, so far from being an inferior reason, is perhaps the most exalted intellect of all. It will appear to the true philosopher as the divine mind itself acting immediately upon its creatures (p. 538).When the narrator saw another black cat, he always thought the black one is the dead one. But he killed the former cat, and the former cat burned in the fire at night. Why the later cat is the former cat? This point showed surrealism that things is not reproduction any longer, but emphasized dream.4. ConclusionModernism includes so many schools, such as symbolism, surrealism, expressionism, and so on. It gets rid of too much catharsis, showed more calmness and more reason. modernism pursued the nature, discovered the mystery of human being 's inner heart, found person 's conscious activity. These pursuits showed so many aspects, also displayed the format of the novels creative, which pursued inner show and artistic concept audaciously. The development of times and literary, especially the development of novel, should adopted and surround the development of human beings.In The Black Cat, some factor of modernism can be found. This thesis showed the factors of modernism in this fiction from three aspects of modernism. They are symbolism, expressionism, surrealism. After read the fiction, it is found that The catwas not only the black cat, it was the playmate, the beast, the brute, the apparition, and the monster. Symbolism possessed distinctly characteristics: creating sick beauty, showing the highest inner reality, implying with symbol, building imagination in the illusion, increasing meditation effects. This fiction contained the point of symbolism.For expressionism, its features abstraction, deformation, the use of mask, the mixing of space-time, focus on the effect of acousto-optical, the technique of symbol and absurdity. From this fiction, Allan Poe wrote it in the first name. It makes the reader be personally on the scene. The author wrote the process that the cat was treated cruelty, even was killed showed the point of expressionism.The Black Cat narrates in the name of narrator(also the first name) that the narrator killed one black cat because of the cat 's obese and his own ill mind. However, he also killed his wife and another black cat, and then burned them in the wall of basement. At last, they was found by policeman because of his praise. In The Black Cat, the narrator thought the later cat is the dead cat, but the narrator killed it by his hands, even the dead cat was burned by the fire at that night. At last, his wife and the later cat was burned in the wall by the narrator, but after some days, the policemen came his house to search some evidence. There is strange sound form the wall. Surrealist works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur.These strange all showed the point of surrealism.Of course, there are other factors of modernism need to find and search in The Black Cat, even in Allan Poe 's works, there are so many factors of modernism. His works affect so many modern writers impressively. His thoughs worth learning for us.。
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现
浅谈爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是一位著名的美国作家，他是19世纪早期浪漫主义文学运动的重要代表之一。
爱伦·坡以其独特的文学风格和对恐怖、悲剧、死亡等主题的深刻探索而闻名于世。
在他的作品中，哥特式创作手法得到了充分的体现，这不仅使他作品充满了戏剧性和神秘感，也成为了他文学成就的重要组成部分。
爱伦·坡作品中哥特式创作手法体现在其对恐怖和死亡的描写上。
哥特式文学强调对恐怖和死亡的描绘，而爱伦·坡的作品中充满了对这些主题的探讨。
《乌鸦》中描述了主人公对失去恋人的痛苦和绝望，以及对死亡的恐惧和困扰；《黑猫》则描绘了主人公因酗酒而变得疯狂，并最终谋杀自己的爱猫；《安娜贝尔》中讲述了一个男人对自己死去的妻子的痛苦思念和执着，最终导致了悲剧的发生。
这些作品都充分展现了爱伦·坡对恐怖和死亡的深刻思考和描绘，体现了哥特式文学对这些主题的独特关注。
爱伦·坡的作品中哥特式创作手法体现在其对人物心理的描写上。
哥特式文学注重对人物内心世界的描绘，而爱伦·坡的作品中往往通过主人公的内心独白和情感纠葛，深刻展现了人物的心理变化和挣扎。
例如在《红死病的面具》中，主人公对死亡的恐惧和对时间的逃避，以及最终对死亡的接受和和解，都得到了深刻的描绘。
在《无名氏》中，主人公对自己的疯狂和罪恶感的挣扎和内心的折磨，展现了哥特式文学对人物内心的关注。
爱伦·坡通过对人物内心的描写，丰富了作品的情感表达，也使作品更加具有情感共鸣和代入感。
爱伦·坡的作品中哥特式创作手法体现在其对时间和空间的处理上。
哥特式文学往往通过对时间和空间的错综复杂的处理，营造出一种扭曲和错位的氛围，增强作品的神秘感和戏剧性。
在爱伦·坡的作品中，对时间和空间的处理往往充满了荒诞和虚幻的色彩，例如在《乌鸦》中描述的主人公对失去恋人的痛苦和绝望，时间仿佛停滞了一般，空间变得扭曲而荒诞。
Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849)埃德加 爱伦坡
His position
Poe‘s position in world literature is secure. His influence is world-wide in modern literature. His aesthetics and conscious craftsmanship, his attack on ―the heresy（异端，异教） of the didactic（说 教的）” and his call for ―the rhythmical（有韵律 的） creation of beauty‖ have influenced French symbolism and the devotees of ―art for art‘s sake‖. Poe is father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story.
Edgar Allan Poe 坡 (1809—1849)
E.A. Poe (1809—1849)
Poe’s mother
Edgar Allan Poe
（1809—1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡
• • • • • •
Part Part Part Part Part Part
I. Life Experience II Literary Position III. Major Works IV. Point of View V. Style VI. Appreciation
Edgar Allan Poe
• Poe‘s literary contribution
– Aestheticism
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）
爱伦·坡诗选（美国）埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），19世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
埃德加·爱伦·坡1809年1月19日生于马萨诸塞州的波士顿，他年幼时父母双亡，随即被弗吉尼亚州里士满的约翰和弗朗西丝斯·爱伦夫妇收养，在弗吉尼亚大学就读了短暂的一段时间后辍学，之后从军，爱伦·坡离开了爱伦夫妇。
爱伦坡低调地开始了他的写作生涯，匿名出版了诗集《帖木尔和其它的诗》。
1835年他在巴尔的摩和13岁的表妹弗吉尼亚·克莱姆结婚。
1838年《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》出版并被受到了广泛的关注。
1839年夏天，爱伦·坡成为《伯顿绅士杂志》（Burton's Gentleman's Magazine）的助理编辑。
这期间他发表了的随笔、小说，和评论，加强了他在《南方文学信使》工作时期开始确立的敏锐批评家的声誉，同期，《怪异故事集》上下卷在1839年出版。
1845年1月，爱伦·坡发表诗歌“乌鸦”，一时声誉鹊起。
1849年10月7日逝于巴尔的摩。
致海伦海伦啊，你的美貌对于我，就象那古老的尼赛安帆船，在芬芳的海面上它悠悠荡漾，载着风尘仆仆疲惫的流浪汉，驶往故乡的海岸。
你兰紫色的柔发，古典的脸，久久浮现在波涛汹涌的海面上，你女神般的风姿，将我带回往昔希腊的荣耀，和古罗马的辉煌。
看，神龛金碧，你婷婷玉立，俨然一尊雕像，手提玛瑙明灯，啊，普赛克，你是来自那神圣的地方！安娜蓓尔·李那是在许多年、许多年以前，在海边的一个王国里住着位姑娘，你可能也知道她名叫安娜蓓尔·李：这姑娘的心里没别的思念，就除了她同我的情意。
那时候我同她都还是孩子，住在这海边的王国里；可我同她的爱已不止是爱－－同我的安娜蓓尔·李－－已使天堂中长翅膀的仙子想把我们的爱夺去。
爱伦坡 人物资料
埃德加·爱伦·坡埃德加·爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）（1809～1849），十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
坡以神秘故事和恐怖小说闻名于世，他是美国短篇故事的最早先驱者之一，又被尊为推理小说的开山鼻祖，进而也被誉为后世科幻小说的始祖。
他是第一个尝试完全依赖写作谋生的知名美国作家，从而导致贫困潦倒。
[1]中文名：埃德加·爱伦·坡外文名：Edgar Allan Poe国籍：美国出生地：波士顿出生日期：1809年1月19日逝世日期：1849年10月7日职业：诗人、小说家、评论家毕业院校：弗吉尼亚大学、西点军校肄业主要成就：侦探小说、恐怖小说、效果论代表作品：小说《黑猫》、《厄舍府的倒塌》，诗《乌鸦》、《安娜贝尔·丽》逝世地：巴尔的摩1 生平年表少年时代1809年1月19日生于波士顿，三兄妹中的第二个孩子，父亲戴维·坡和母亲伊丽莎白·阿诺德·坡是同一个剧团的演员。
祖籍英国的戴维·坡是一位著名的主角演员，其母伊丽莎白·史密斯·阿诺德在早期美国戏剧界也很出名。
戴维·坡的父亲出生于爱尔兰，是独立战争时期的一名爱国者，戴维·坡不久之后离家出走。
[2]1811年，母亲于在弗吉尼亚州里士满去世。
三兄妹威廉·亨利、埃德加和罗莎莉分别由三家人收养监护。
埃德加的养父母是弗朗西丝和约翰·爱伦夫妇，约翰·爱伦生于苏格兰，当时是里士满一位富裕的烟草商。
这对无儿无女的夫妇虽然没从法律上领养埃德加，但仍替他改姓为爱伦，并把他当作自己的儿子抚养。
1815—1820约翰·爱伦计划在国外建立一个分支商行，举家迁往苏格兰，其后不久又迁居伦敦。
埃德加爱伦坡
故事简介
故事发生在南卡罗来纳州旳苏里文岛， 主人公威廉·勒格朗，他在不久前被一 只金色旳虫子咬了，他旳仆人丘比特害 怕他会发疯，于是去找到了勒格朗旳朋友， 一位不出名旳论述者，勒格朗在破解了 一份有关被埋葬旳宝藏旳秘密文件之后， 带着两人一起去冒险寻宝。
埃德加·爱伦·坡
侦探小说之父
作家简介
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809～ 1849)，美国作家、诗人、编者与文学评论家，被尊 崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一，以悬疑、惊悚小 说最负盛名。爱伦·坡是美国旳短篇小说家先锋之 一，并被公认是推理小说旳发明者，甚至被视为科 幻小说旳共同催生者之一。他旳短篇小说大致分为 三类：恐怖故事、谋杀疑案和科学难解之谜。他开 创了侦探小说旳先河，被称为“侦探小说之父”。 1849年10月7日，爱伦·坡逝于巴尔旳摩，四十岁，
密文内容
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• 一面好镜子在皮肖甫客店魔椅四十一度 十三分东北偏北最大树杈第七根枝桠东南 从骷髅头左眼射击从树前引一直距线经过 子弹延伸五十英尺
爱伦·坡哥特小说中灵魂的崩溃
爱伦·坡哥特小说中灵魂的崩溃爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是美国文学史上著名的哥特小说和诗歌作家，他的作品以描写恐怖、死亡和荒诞为主题，深受读者的喜爱。
《灵魂的崩溃》（The Fall of the House of Usher）是坡的代表作之一，通过讲述家族的衰落和诡异的事件，展现了人类灵魂的崩溃和恐惧。
小说以名为Usher的家族为背景，讲述了主人公与他的朋友Roderick Usher在一次惊人的灾难中的遭遇。
Roderick是家族中最后的一位成员，他的妹妹Madeline突然死去，Roderick对此感到极度恐惧，担心自己也会遭到相同的命运。
他请求朋友来帮助他，但最终，一切都走向了不可避免的灾难。
小说中，Roderick Usher的心灵和精神状态被描绘得非常深刻，他的恐惧和痛苦几乎是身临其境的。
在坡的笔下，他成为了一个连自己的灵魂都难以控制的人，最终导致了家族的崩溃。
这种灵魂的崩溃是小说的核心，也是坡作品的典型特征之一。
在小说中，Roderick Usher的心灵崩溃主要表现在以下几个方面：1. 对死亡的恐惧：Roderick对死亡的恐惧是他心灵崩溃的主要原因。
他害怕自己会遭受与妹妹相同的命运，这种恐惧逐渐侵蚀了他的心灵，使他变得孤僻和疑神疑鬼。
在小说中，Roderick时常表现出一种对死亡的病态恐惧，这种恐惧最终导致了他的精神崩溃。
2. 内心的孤独和绝望：Roderick Usher是一个内向、孤独的人，他的内心充满了绝望和悲伤。
他感到自己无法摆脱家族的阴影和命运的束缚，这种绝望使他的灵魂逐渐崩溃。
在小说中，Roderick的内心世界被描绘得非常深刻，读者能够感受到他内心的孤独和绝望。
3. 对现实的逃避：面对家族的衰落和自己的命运，Roderick选择了逃避现实。
他沉迷于自己的幻想和恐惧之中，逐渐失去了对现实世界的认知和控制。
这种对现实的逃避最终导致了他的灵魂的崩溃，使他无法自拔地陷入了自己制造的幻想世界之中。
edgar allan poe 著名诗歌
在文学史上，爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）无疑是一个极具影响力的人物。
他不仅以其悬疑、恐怖作品而闻名，还以其诗歌作品成为文学界的瑰宝。
他的诗歌作为对人类内心深处恐惧和欲望的探索，充满了深刻的灵魂与情感。
1. 带我探讨爱伦·坡的诗歌作品在探讨爱伦·坡的诗歌作品时，我们首先不得不提到他最著名的作品《乌鸦》。
通过这首诗，坡将乌鸦的叫声和主人公的心境相结合，描绘出了一种黑暗、忧郁的氛围。
而在《安妮贝尔·李》这首诗中，他用细腻的笔触和优美的叙述，表达了对逝去爱人的思念和哀伤。
这些作品不仅在当时引起了轰动，而且至今仍广受推崇。
在整个诗歌作品中，爱伦·坡通过对恐惧、逝去、爱情等主题的探索，展现了深沉的诗意和对人类内心的洞察力。
他引领读者深入思考人生的意义和内心的矛盾，充分展现了他对文学的独特理解。
2. 总结和回顾在这篇文章中，我们对爱伦·坡的诗歌作品进行了全面的评估和探讨。
通过对其代表作的分析，我们不仅更加深入地了解了这位文学大师的作品，还对他深刻的诗意和对人类内心的探索有了更清晰的认识。
他的作品无疑对当今文学产生了重大影响，而他对恐惧、逝去、爱情等主题的诗意表达，更是给我们留下了深刻的印象。
3. 个人观点和理解在我看来，爱伦·坡的诗歌作品深刻地揭示了人类内心深处的恐惧和欲望。
他以其独特的诗意和对人生深刻的思考，成为了文学史上不可或缺的重要人物。
他的作品不仅是文学的瑰宝，更是对人类内心的深刻剖析。
通过阅读他的作品，我们不仅能领略到他细腻的诗意，更能从中获得对人生、对内心的启迪和理解。
通过本篇文章的撰写，我更加深入地了解了爱伦·坡的诗歌作品，对他的文学成就有了更为全面、深刻和灵活的理解。
希望本文也能帮助你更好地领略爱伦·坡的诗意之美。
爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是19世纪美国文学史上的一位重要人物，他的诗歌作品以其独特的风格和深刻的主题而闻名。
爱伦·坡的《黑猫》中的疯狂与罪恶
爱伦·坡的《黑猫》中的疯狂与罪恶爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是19世纪美国最著名的恐怖小说作家之一。
他的作品常常以深邃和令人毛骨悚然的方式描绘了人性中的黑暗面。
其中，《黑猫》（The Black Cat）被认为是他最重要、最有影响力的作品之一。
这个故事表达了疯狂和罪恶引发的后果，同时也向读者展示了主人公在精神崩溃下所经历的变化。
1. 故事背景和主题介绍《黑猫》讲述了一个男子在精神崩溃状态下对待动物和人类的残忍行为。
故事以主人公和他所养育的黑猫之间温情亲密的关系开始，但随着主人公日益陷入酗酒和暴力行为，黑猫成为了他心中罪恶欲望的象征，并最终导致悲剧发生。
2. 疯狂带来的罪行故事中，主人公越来越沉溺于酒精并渐渐失去理智。
他开始虐待他所爱的黑猫，并最终用一把斧头将它杀害。
这个罪恶行为是主人公精神崩溃和疯狂的明确表现。
更令人不安的是，主人公并不后悔自己的行为，反而以此为傲并企图掩盖他内心的恐惧和愧疚。
3. 疯狂与幻觉正当主人公认为自己成功地掩盖了自己的罪行时，一切却变得更加扭曲和荒诞。
一只有着与原先黑猫相似标记的猫开始出现在他眼前，始终困扰着他。
这只看似普通的猫激发了他内心混乱情感和强大的罪恶感觉，让他无法摆脱对过去罪行的回忆。
4. 绝望与审判在故事接近尾声时，主人公试图逃离自己罪恶行径所造成的秘密。
然而，在寻求解脱之际，他却意外地将妻子活埋在墙壁之中。
这一悲惨的结局既是作者对罪行与疯狂的审判，又是对主人公自身堕落以及他所遭受的精神折磨的终极揭示。
5. 总结通过《黑猫》这个故事, 爱伦·坡以诡异而不测的方式将主人公在精神崩溃和罪恶触发下所经历的变化展示给读者。
故事以巧妙地描写了主人公逐渐走向堕落和自我毁灭，揭示了人类内心阴暗面中存在着潜藏的邪恶力量。
通过这个故事，作者提醒我们警惕那些潜藏在心灵深处并可能带来毁灭性后果的暗黑情感。
poe 标准
poe 标准
在美国文学史上，爱伦·坡（Edgar Allan Poe）是一位不可忽
视的重要人物。
他以其独特的文学风格和才华横溢的想象力，成为
了19世纪美国浪漫主义文学的代表人物之一。
他的作品充满了神秘、恐怖和幻想元素，深受读者喜爱，也对后世文学产生了深远的影响。
爱伦·坡的作品风格独特，常常以黑暗、扭曲的题材为主题，
充满了对死亡、疯狂和恐怖的描绘。
他的小说《黑猫》、《红死病
的面具》、《乌鸦》等作品，都展现了他对人性黑暗面的深刻洞察
和对心理恐怖的精准把握。
他的诗歌作品《乌鸦》更是成为了美国
文学史上的经典之作，被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的杰作之一。
爱伦·坡的文学成就不仅体现在他的作品中，还体现在他对文
学理论和创作方法的探索上。
他提出的“单一效应”理论，强调文
学作品应该在情节、情感和意境上达到统一，使读者在阅读过程中
产生一种整体的心理体验。
这一理论对后世文学创作产生了深远的
影响，也成为了许多文学作品创作的重要参考依据。
爱伦·坡的作品对20世纪以后的文学产生了深远的影响。
他的
文学风格和创作理念影响了许多作家和艺术家，成为了他们创作的
灵感源泉。
他对心理恐怖、幻想元素的运用，也为后世的恐怖文学和电影产业提供了丰富的素材和创作范本。
总的来说，爱伦·坡是一位不可替代的文学大师，他的作品和理论对美国文学产生了深远的影响，也对世界文学产生了重要的影响。
他以其独特的文学风格和深刻的洞察力，成为了文学史上的重要人物，也为后世文学创作提供了宝贵的遗产和启发。
爱伦坡诗集
爱伦坡诗集爱伦坡（Edgar Allan Poe）的诗歌作品是美国浪漫主义文学的重要代表之一。
他细腻敏锐的思维、诗意的语言和充满神秘色彩的想象力，深深地吸引了读者的注意。
他的诗集被誉为世界文学的珍宝，而他的作品也被广泛翻译和传诵。
恐怖诗爱伦坡的恐怖诗是他最具代表性的作品之一，其中最著名的是《温床》和《乌鸦》。
在这些诗中，他将恐怖的元素融入了诗歌的创作中，刻画出了一种恐惧的氛围。
通过对死亡、鬼魂等主题的探索，他展现了一种令人毛骨悚然的氛围。
其中，《温床》讲述了一位饥饿的人在冬季将自己的墓穴挖好，用墓穴来渡过寒冬的故事。
诗歌中的描写恐怖而煞风景，让人产生一种无力之感。
而《乌鸦》更是爱伦坡诗歌中的代表作，通过对乌鸦的描写，刻画了主人公对失去恋人的痛苦。
深邃的语言和诗歌节奏的变化，更加凸显出了作品中的恐怖氛围。
哀怨诗爱伦坡的哀怨诗，通过对爱情和痛苦的主题的刻画，让人感到诗人内心的感受。
其中，《Annabel Lee》讲述了主人公与心爱的女子的故事，而女子的突然死亡，让主人公感到无尽的痛苦。
以哀怨的语气和极具感召力的形象，展现了爱的珍贵和生命的脆弱。
《The Raven》中，主人公同样在失去心爱女子之后痛苦不已。
在这首诗中，主人公试图通过乌鸦来逃避痛苦，但最终他还是无法逃脱命运的安排。
这些哀怨诗抒发了诗人对生命的感受，呈现了生命的短暂和珍贵。
幽默诗爱伦坡的幽默诗同样为他的诗集增添了一份轻松和欢乐的氛围。
其中，《疯帽子》和《咒语》是两首典型的幽默诗。
在《疯帽子》中，诗人描述了一群疯狂的人追逐一个疯帽子的故事，充满了幽默和夸张。
《咒语》则是以一种诙谐幽默的方式，讽刺了人类的劣根性。
这些诗歌充满了幽默和嘲笑，为读者带来了一股清新的感受。
结语无论是恐怖诗、哀怨诗，还是幽默诗，爱伦坡的诗歌作品都深深地吸引了读者。
他的诗歌语言优美、充满象征和想象力，深刻反映了人类内在的深刻矛盾，呈现出的强烈的情感和思想是无法替代的，而其针对能震慑人心的题材和描写手法，更让读者永远无法忘记。
爱伦坡的诗歌
爱伦坡的诗歌埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809～1849)，十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家，美国浪漫主义思潮时期的重要成员。
在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
其作品形式精致、语言优美、内容多样，在任何时代都是“独一无二”的风格。
以下是小编整理分享的爱伦坡的诗歌，欢迎大家阅读!哦，时代!哦，风尚!哦，时代!哦，风尚!依我之见你们正在可悲地改变你们的主权——我说风尚的流行早已是落水流花，因人已没有风尚，或至少世风日下;至于说时代，尽管许多人众口一词，说“可慕恋的往昔”是最糟的日子。
虽然我笃信这至理名言的每个字母，可我依然认为今朝比往昔还稍不如。
我是一种思想——这难道不是格言?——我喜欢你的北方腔调和北方习惯——我是一种思想，不管怎样做最好，是严肃对待人生，还是把人生当玩笑;是学赫拉克利特，那个严厉的老翁，像他一样哭泣，直哭得两眼红肿;还是跟着他笑，那个奇怪的哲人，色雷斯的德谟克利特，笑对人生，他常翻开人生之书，对着折页发笑，仿佛要说“干吗，究竟有谁会在乎?”哦，天啊，就是这一个问号，把世人那个不幸的问题一笔勾销!不是两问，约伯几乎有八问，每问都应该花上四小时来辩争。
那我该怎么办?先把问题搁一边，待我有能力解答时再回过头来看;而与此同时，我将避开一切烦扰，既不跟着人哭，也不跟着人笑，既不诬蔑诽谤，也不阿谀奉承，而是一手拉一个，只是愤愤不平。
啊哈，我的朋友，你愤愤不平什么? 唷，真的，先生，我几乎已忘却——可真该死，先生，我认为那真丢脸。
那些家伙竟厚颜无耻盯着咱们看，终日在街头招摇，还不时点头哈腰，那些家伙肯定是学人模样的活宝。
我请求读者原谅，原谅我出言不逊，虽说不情愿，可那些猴子使我骂人;我的作风很容易变得自由散漫，但请稍安勿躁，只需一点点时间，我就会像政客们一样摇身一变，恢复我的风度举止和行为规范。
不过干脆就把他们视为一个整体，(就像有人喜欢他的逻辑保持囫囵，因为一旦被分解，很可能一文不名)如此恰当，如此相宜，如此方便，把这整体比作一个精明活跃的老板，在这世上他沉迷于他心灵的满足，活蹦欢跳如鱼得水，如渴者逢甘露，从优雅的'额前把美丽的卷发向后一甩，纵身跳过柜台，以大老板的气派，在夜间来完成他上午开始的任务，骗一个个夫人小姐与他翩翩共舞;因为在舞场上哪位淑女能逃走，从那双卖给她火酒的漂亮小手;或谁会那么无情，竟忍心推辞，撕绶带为她系鞋的年轻绅士!这些鱼中的一条，杰出的花花公子——愿上帝助我!——我注定与他相识，至少见过他，因为我生性腼腆害臊，只要能够忍住，我总是忍住不笑;但对他说话，他会对你扮个鬼脸，主啊!那鬼脸的魅力超过了庄严。
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• On October 7, 1849, at age 40, Poe died in Baltimore; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion（充血）, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies （狂犬病）, suicide, tuberculosis（肺结核）, and other agents
Edgar Allan Poe
1.Introduction about his life
2.Famous works
3.Exercises about tem-8
Brief introduction
• Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement.
解析：《丢失的信》(The Purloined Letter)是爱德加. 艾伦.坡(Edgar Allan Poe)创作的著名侦探小说。
3. The Philosophy of Composition was
written by ____who also wrote The Poetic Principle. A Edgar Allan Poe B Walt Whitman C Ralph Waldo Emerson D Henry David Thoreau
Edger Allen Poe
&
Mark Twain
Exercises about TEM8
Edgar Allan Poe
1. The Raven is a poem by ____. A Edgar Allan Poe B Walt Whitman C Ralph Waldo Emerson D Henry David Thoreau
• He was born in Boston, Massachusetts（马 萨诸塞州 ）. He was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John and Frances Allan, of Richmond（里 士满 ）, Virginia, but they never formally adopted him.
He attended the University of Virginia （美国弗吉尼亚大学） for one semester but left due to lack of money. After enlisting （从军） in the Army and later failing as an officer‘s cadet at West Point(西点军校), Poe parted ways with the Allans. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems《帖木尔》 (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
B The Innocent’s Abroad
C The Fall of the House of Usher D Young Goodman Brown
答案：C
解析： The Black Cat（黑猫）和The Fall of the House of Usher（阿夏家之倾倒）是艾伦· 坡的作品。 A 似水流年 作者威廉· 柯伦· 布赖恩特 （William Cullen Bryant） B 傻子出国记 作者马克· 吐温（Mark Twain ） D 小伙子布朗 作者纳撒尼尔· 霍桑 （Nathaniel Hawthorne ）
答案：A
解析：爱德加.艾伦.坡是美国第一位文艺理论家， 著有《创作哲学》(Philosophy of Composition) 和《诗歌原理》(The Poetic Principlfollowing is a work of Edgar Allan Poe ’s? A. I Heard a Fly Buzz when I Died. B. The Raven C. This is My Letter to the World. D. I Like to See it Lap the Miles. 答案：B
解析：The Raven 《乌鸦》是艾伦· 坡的作品。其他全为 艾米莉(Emily Dickson)的。
5. Edgar Allan Poe is known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the ___ form. A poem B drama C short story D essay 答案：C.
• • • • • • • • • • •
The Fall of the House of the Usher 《厄舍古厦的倒塌》 The Masque of the Red Death 《红色死亡假面舞会》 The Black Cat 《黑猫》 The Cask of Amontillado 《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》 Ligeia 《莉盖亚》 The Murders in the Rue Morgue 《莫格街谋杀案》 The Purloined Letter 《被窃的信》 The Gold Bug 《金甲虫》 The Poetic Principle《诗歌原理》 The Philosophy of Composition 《创作哲学》 The Raven 《乌鸦》
1、This is a short story about revenge. 2、This story describes the character flaws（性格缺 陷）of two men. 3、Pay attention to symbolism and irony . They make the readers know more about how Poe conforms to his theory of the short story, and at the same time they can make the readers know some fresh insights to the American culture .
• Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals(期刊), becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move between several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia（费城）, and New York City.
• He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction.He was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
His works can involve the reader in a universe that is at once beautiful and grotesque (怪诞）, real and fantastic.
He is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. He is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction The horror he described is unique in American Literature. George Bernard Shaw(萧伯纳）：
答案：A.
解析： 《乌鸦》(The Raven)是爱伦.坡最著名的诗歌代 表作之一。
2. The Purloined Letter is a detective
story by _____. A Arthur Conan Doyle B Edgar Allan Poe C Washington Irving D James F. Cooper 答案：B.
解析：爱德加.艾伦. 坡(Edgar Allan Poe)是美国著名的诗 人和评论家，但他还是以“第一位短篇小说大师”的身份 最为人所知，特别是他的神秘恐怖小说。
6. Which of the following is not written by the author of The Black Cat ? A The Flood of Years
• Poe's best known fiction works are Gothic. • Many of his works are generally considered part of the dark romanticism genre（体裁）, a literary reaction to transcendentalism,which Poe strongly dislike . • His most recurring themes deal with questions of death, including its physical signs, the effects of decomposition(分解、腐烂）, concerns of the reanimation（复活） of the dead, and mourning （哀悼）.