被动语态的基本用法

何时使用被动语态

1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要 如： Paper is made from wood. The house

is quite old. It was built in 1950

He was wounded in the fight. 2. 需要强调动作的承受者时

3 为了使语气婉转， 避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语 态，使句子得以更好的安排。

女口： The con struct ion o f the new lab must be compi eted by month.

Electricity is used to run machines.

被动语态的构成

2. 许多 verbs （broken, interested, shut, worried ）, 既可以用做

态结构中做过去分词。句中如果有

by ，通常是被动语态。

如：

I was worried abeutyou all night. （ 表状态

）

被动语态的基本用法

如：

Calwlator can't be

used in the maths exam.

Books and newspapers

in the reading room mustn't be taken away.

He was awarded first prize in that contest. the end of next

1. be+done 可以是被动语态，

也可以是系表结构形式。 被动语态中，

done 可以带 by

短

语，而系表结构中

done 相当于

adj.

不带

by

短语。

如：

The question

is settled. （ 系表结构 ）

Such questions are settled by us. （

被动语态

）

The composition is well written. （

系表结构

） The composition is written with great care . （ 被动语态

）

The job was well done. （ 系表结构

）

The job was well

done by a skilled worker. （

被动语态

）

adj. 也可以在被动语

I was worried by mosquitoes all night. （ 表动作

）

The glass was broken by Jack. （ 表动作

）

The glass is broken. （

表状态 ）

I was frightened by his ghost story. She was frightened at the sight of a snake.

不同形式的被动语态 1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构，变为被动时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动一 般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语。

如：

He showed me his pictures.

I was shown his pictures by him. His pictures were shown to me by him. Aunt made me a new dress. I was made a new dress by aunt. A new dress was made for me by aunt. He sent me a birthday present. I was sent a birthday present by him. A birthday present was sent to me by him.

2

含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。

1

) 将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。

The door war left open by him.

2

） make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice. help

既动词后变做宾补的

不定式一般不加 to ，变为被动，必须加 to .

如：

My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.

I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young. I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night. She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night. Did you see Jack take away the magazine?

如：

They call her XiaoLi.

She is called XiaoLi.

He left the door open.

Was Jack seen to take away the magazine? 3. 情态动词的被动语态。是由情态 V+be+p.p. 构成

如：

They can not find him.

He can not be found. You must pay me for this. I must be paid for this. He can repair your watch. Your watch can be repaired.

4.

短语 V 的被动语态

般来讲，只有及物 V 才有被动语态，因为只有 vt 才能有动作的承受者 ; 但有许多由不及

物动词 + 介词及其他词类构成的短语动词，相当与及物动词，可以有宾语。因而可以有被动 语态，但应注

意短语 V 是一个不可分割的整体。变被动时，不可丢掉构成短语的 dv.

这样的短语有：

look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of,

look forward to, make ues of,etc.

如：

They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade

arrived.

The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived. They will set up a new public school here. A new public school will be set up here.

5.

有些动词用主动形式表被动含义。

6. 有些词如 want,need,require 和 be worth 后面， v-ing 形式为主动，意义为被动。 如：

The room needs/wants/requires

The book is worth reading.

7. 主动语态中的宾语是从句，变成被动时使用形式替代词

如：

We know that Britain is an island country.

It's known that Britain is an island country.

The teacher said that this book has been translated into several language

prep 或

a

如：

The goods sells well. The door can't open. cleaning. it.