安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译
资料《安全工程专业英语部分翻译》
Ｕnｉt 1safeｔy manaｇement ｓyｓtemＡcciｄent ｃａｕｓatｉon ｍoｄels ﻩ事故致因理论Ｓafety managemeｎt 安全管理Phｙsｉｃａｌｃonditions ﻩ物质条件Mａcｈinｅguａrdinｇﻩ机械保护装置Ｈouse—keepiｎｇ工作场所管理Ｔｏｐmanagement 高层管理人员Ｈuman ｅｒrorｓ人因失误Aｃcidenｔ-pｒonenｅss ｍｏdels 事故倾向模型Muniｔｉoｎs faｃtｏrｙﻩ军工厂Causal fａctorsﻩ起因Rｉskinｇtakiｎgﻩ冒险行为Coｒpｏraｔｅｃｕlture 企业文化Ｌosｓprevention 损失预防Prｏcess indusｔryﻩ制造工业Haｚard coｎtrol 危险控制Intensｉve ｓtudｙ广泛研究Orgａniｚationaｌperｆｏrmａnce 企业绩效Mｕtual trust 相互信任Sａfｅｔｙoffiｃerﻩ安全官员Ｓafeｔy commｉttee 安全委员会Ｓhop-fｌｏｏrﻩ生产区Unioniｚed company 集团公司Seｎioｒitｙﻩ资历、工龄Local ｃuｌturｅ当地文化Absenｔeｅiｓm rａｔｅﻩ缺勤率Power reｌａtioｎｓﻩ权力关系Stａtus review 状态审查Lower—ｌevel managemenｔ低层管理者Business pｅrformanceﻩ组织绩效Ｍｏst seniｏｒexｅcｕtiｖe 高级主管Superｖisory levｅl监督层Ｓａfety pｒincipｌeﻩ安全规则Waｌl—boarｄﻩ公告栏Imｐlement planﻩ执行计划Ｈazarｄidenｔificａtion 危险辨识Ｓａfeｔy pｅrfｏｒmance 安全性能One comｐrｅｈensｉve definition fｏr an orgaｎｉzatｉonａl cｕｌture ｈas been presentｅdｂｙＳｃhein wｈo has said thｅorganｉｚatiｏnal culturｅiｓ“a patteｒn ｏf baｓic asｓumptionｓ–inveｎｔed, dｉｓcovere ｄ，or deveｌoｐｅｄby ａgiven gｒｏup as iｔlearns to cope with iｔs pｒｏbｌｅms of exｔｅrnal adaｐｔａｔiｏn and inｔernal integratioｎ– that h ａs ｗorked weｌl enouｇｈto be consiｄereｄｖａliｄand,tｈｅrｅｆore, to beｔａught to new memｂeｒｓas the corrｅｃt way to peｒcｅive, thin ｋ,and feel in rｅlatiｏn to ｔhosｅｐrobｌemｓ”译文:Scheｉｎ给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式,这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的.由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可,因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员,让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题[指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题]。
英语 安全工程专业翻译
Unit1Safety Management Systems1. Accident Causation ModelsThe most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment Petersen extended the causation theory from the individual acts and local conditions to the management system. He concluded that unsafe acts, unsafe conditions，and accidents are all symptoms of something wrong in the organizational management system. Furthermore, he stated that it is the top management who is responsible for building up such a system that can effectively control the hazards associated to the organization’s operation. The errors done by a single person can be intentional or unintentional. Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors. Nowadays，this model is one of the standard methods in the examination of human errors at work.Accident-proneness models suggest that some people are more likely to suffer anaccident than others. The first model was created in 1919，based on statistical examinations in a mumilions factory. This model dominated the safety thinking and research for almost 50 years, and it is still used in some organizations. As a result of this thinking, accident was blamed solely on employees rather than the work process or poor management practices. Since investigations to discover the underlying causal factors were felt unnecessary and/or too costly, a little attention was paid to how accidents actually happened. Employees* attitudes towards risks and risk taking have been studied, e. g. by Sulzer-Azaroff. According to her, employees often behave unsafely, even when they are fully aware of the risks involved. Many research results also show that the traditional promotion methods like campaigns, posters and safety slogans have seldom increased the use of safe work practices. When backed up by other activities such as training, these measures have been somewhat more effective. Experiences on some successful methods to change employee behavior and attitudes have been reported. One well-known method is a small-group process used for improving housekeeping in industrial workplaces. A comprehensive model of accident causation has been presented by Reason who introduced the concept of organizational error. He stated that corporate culture is the starting-point of the accident sequence. Local conditions and human behavior are only contributing factors in the build-up of the undesired event. The latent organizational failures lead to accidents and incidents when penetrating system’s defenses and barriers. Gmoeneweg has developed Reason’s model by classifying the typical latent error types. His TRIPOD mode! calls the different errors as General Failure Types ( CFTs). The concept of organizational error is in conjunction with the fact that some organizations behave more safely than others. It is often said that these organizations have good safety culture. After the Chernobylaccident，this term became well-known also to the public.Loss prevention is a concept that is often used in the context of hazard control in process industry. Lees has pointed out that loss prevention differs from traditional safety approach in several ways. For example, there is more emphasis on foreseeing hazards and taking actions before accidents occur. Also, there is more emphasis on a systematic rather than a trial and error approach. This is also natural, since accidents in process industry can have catastrophic consequences. Besides the injuries to people, I he damage to plant and loss of profit are major concerns in loss prevention. The future research on the ultimate causes of accidents seems to focus on the functioning and management of the organization. The strategic management, leadership, motivation, and the personnel's visible and hidden values are some issues that are now under intensive study.2. Safety Management as an Organizational ActivitySafety management is one of the management activities of a company. Different companies have different management practices，and also different ways to control health and safety hazards. Organizational culture is a major component affecting organizational performance and behavior. One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said that organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions—invented，discovered, or developed by a given group as it leans to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration—that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems". The concept of safety culture is today under intensive study in industrialized countries. Booth & Lee have stated that an organization's safety culture is a subset of the overall organizational culture. This argument, in fact, suggests that a company’s organizational culture also determines the maximum level of safety the company can reach. The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of, an organization’s health and safe ty management. Furthermore, organizations with a positive safety culture are characterized by communications founded on mutual trust, by shared perceptions of the importance of safety, and by confidence in the efficacy of preventive measures. There have been many attempts to develop methods for measuring safety culture. Williamson el al. have summarized some of the factors that the various studies have shown to influence organization's safety culture. These include ：organizational responsibility for safety, management attitudes towards safety, management activity in responding to health and safety problems, safety training and promotion，level of risk at the workplace，workers' involvement in safety，and status of the safety officer and the safety committee.Organizations behave differently in the different parts of the world. This causes visible differences also in safety activities, both in employee level and in the management level. Reasons for these differences are discussed in the following. The studies of Wobbe reveal that shop-floor workers in the USA are, in general, less trained and less adaptable than those in Germany or Japan. Wobbe claims that one reason for this is that, in the USA, companies providing further training for their staff can expect to lose these people to the competitors. This is not so common in Europe or in Japan. Furthermore ，for unionized companies in the USA，seniority is valued very highly，while training or individual’s skills and qualifications do not effect job security，employment, and wage levels very much. Oxenburgh has studied the total costs of absence from work, and found that local culture and legislation has a strong effect on absenteeism rates. For example, the nationalsystems for paying and receiving compensation explain the differences to some extent. Oxenburgh mentions Sweden as a high absenteeism country, and Australia as a low absenteeism country. In Sweden injuries and illnesses are paid by the state social security system, while in Australia, the employer pays all these costs, including illnesses not related to work. Comparison of accident statistics reveals that there are great national differences in accident frequencies and in the accident related absenteeism from work. Some of the differences can be explained by the different accident reporting systems. For example, in some countries only absenteeism lasting more than three working days is included in the statistics. The frequency of minor accidents varies a lot according to the possibility to arrange substitutive work to the injured worker. Placing the injured worker to another job or to training is a common practice for example in the USA and in the UK, while in the Scandinavian countries this is a rarely used procedureSome organizations are more aware of the importance of health and safety at work than others. Clear development stages can be found in the process of improving the management of safety. Waring has divided organizations to three classes according to their maturity and ability to create an effective safety management system. Waring calls the three organizational models as the mechanical model, the socio-technical model, and the human activity system approach. In the mechanical model, the structures and processes of an organization are well-defined and logical, but people as individuals, groups, and the whole organizations are not considered. The socio-technical model is an approach to work design which recognizes the interaction of technology' and people，and which produces work systems that are technically effective and have characters that lead to high job satisfaction. A positive dimension in this model is that human factors are seen important, for example, in communication, training and emergency responses. The last model, the human activity system approach focuses on people, and points out the complexity of organizations. The strength of this approach is that both formal (or technical) paradigms and human aspects like motivation, learning, culture, and power relations are considered. Waring points out that although the human activity approach does not automatically guarantee success, it has proven to be beneficial to organizations in the long run.3. Safety Policy and PlanningA status review is the basis for a safety policy and the planning of safety activities. According to BS 8800 a status review should compare the company’s existing arrangements with the applicable legal requirements, organization's current safety guidelines, best practices in the industry’s branch，and the existing resources directed to safety activities. A thorough review ensures that the safety policy and the activities are developed specifically according to the needs of the company.A safety policy is the management’s expression of the direction to be followed in the organization. According to Petersen, a safety policy should commit the management at all levels and it should indicate which tasks, responsibilities and decisions are left to lower-level management. Booth and Lee have stated that a safety policy should also include safety goals as well as quantified objectives and priorities. The standard BS 8800 suggests that in the safety policy，management should show commitment to the following subjects ：Health and safety are recognized as an integral part of business performance ；A high level of health and safety performance is a goal which is achieved by using the legal requirements as the minimum, and where the continual cost- effective improvement of performance is the way to do things；Adequate and appropriate resources are provided to implement the safety policy；The health and safety objectives are set and published at least by internal notification ；The management of health and safety is a prime responsibility of the management ，from the most senior executive to the supervisory level ；The policy is understood, implemented, and maintained at all levels in the organization ；Employees are involved and consulted in order to gain commitment to the policy and its implementation;The policy and the management system are reviewed periodically, and the compliance of the policy is audited on a regular basis;It is ensured that employees receive appropriate training，and are competent to carry out their duties and responsibilities.Some companies have developed so-called “safety principles’ which cover the key areas of the company’s safety policy. These principles are utilized as safety guidelines hat are easy to remember, and which are often placed on wall-boards and other public areas in the company. As an example, the DuPont company's safety principles are the following：All injuries and occupational illnesses can be prevented. Management is responsible for safely. Safety is an individual’s responsibility and a condition of employment. Training is an essential element for safe workplaces. Audits must be conducted. All deficiencies must be corrected promptly.It is essential to investigate all injuries and incidents with injury potential. Off-the-job safety is an important part of the safety effort. It is good business to prevent injuries and illnesses.People are the most important element of the safety and occupational health program.The safety policy should be put into practice through careful planning of the safety activities. Planning means determination of the safety objectives and priorities, and preparation of the working program to achieve the goals. A company can have different objectives and priorities according to the nature of the typical hazards, and the current status of hazard control. However, some common elements to a safety activity planning can be found. According to BS 8800，the plan should include ：appropriate and adequately resourced arrangements, competent personnel who have defined responsibilities, and effective channels of communication；procedures to set objectives, device and implement plans to meet the objectives ,and to monitor both the implementation and effectiveness of the plans;description of the hazard identification and assessment activities;methods and techniques for measuring safety performance, and in such way that absence of hazardous events is not seen as evidence that all is well.In the Member States of the European Union, the “framework” Directive 89/391 / EEC obligates the employer to prepare a safety program that defines how the effects of technology, work methods, working conditions, social relationships and work environment are controlled. According lo Walters, this directive was originally passed to harmonize the overall safety strategies within the Member States, and to establish a common approach to the management and organization of safety at work. Planning of the safety activities is often done within the framework of quality and environmental management systems.一单元安全管理体系1、事故致因模型安全管理的最重要的目的是维护和促进工人的健康和安全工作。
安全工程专业英语汉译英1-8
Unit One安全管理safety management 事故致因accident causation 不安全行为unsafe acts不安全状态unsafe conditions企业安全文化corporate safety culture安全政策safety policyUnit Two系统安全工程system safety engineering 危险辩识hazard identification/identified危险控制hazard control 安全评价safety evaluation危险分析hazard analysis安全准则safety criteria Unit Three安全人机工程safety ergonomics 工作效率work efficiency工作压力job stressors伤害率injury rate人机过程ergonomics process职业伤残work injuryUnit Four工伤保险injury insurance 人因失误human error风险评估risk assessment人机系统ergonomics system工业事故industrial system事故类型accident types Unit Five职业安全健康occupational health and safety职业安全健康管理体系occupational health and safety management system危险源分析hazard analysis 事故分析accident analysis风险管理risk management职业伤害occupational injury Unit Six工业卫生industrial hygiene 物理危害physical hazards 化学危害chemical hazards非电离辐射non-ionizing radiation生物危害biological hazards职业病occupational diseaseUnit Seven安全文化safety culture企业文化corporate culture 高危行业high-risk industry事故率accident rate应急预案emergency plan安全评审safety review Unit Eight安全激励safety motivation 自我激励self-motivation个人需求individual demand 社会需求social needs安全氛围safety atmosphere 生理需求physiological needs。
安全工程专业英语
一、专业词汇翻译mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤coalfield n. 煤田strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向roadway n. 巷道mining district 采区coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面ventilation n. 通风bolt v. 打锚杆；n. 锚杆immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；gas，methane 瓦斯outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层fault n. 断层occurrence 赋存coalfield 煤田air shaft风井surrounding rock 围岩Mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿trap door 通风门moisture content 湿度rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous[地]火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性free gas游离状态瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放Borehole 钻孔★Accident Causation Models：事故致因模型★System safety：系统安全★Hazard analysis：危害分析★Hazard identification：危险源辨识★Ergonomics process 人机工程过程★Hazard Identification 危险源辨识★safety culture 安全文化★corporate culture 企业文化★Accident Investigation：事故调查★mine fire 矿井火灾二、句型翻译★1、Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能—规范—知识的三级模型，用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。
安全工程文献翻译01中英
The Safety Standards of Scaffolding1. PURPOSEThis procedure provides guidelines for the safe erection, inspection, use, and dismantling of scaffolding at Air Products Facilities worldwide.2. SCOPEThis procedure applies to all personnel who erect, inspect, use, or dismantle scaffolding. Air Products plant personnel must ensure that all contractors engaged in any scaffolding activities shall comply with the provisions in this procedure.3. SUMMARY3.1 Scaffold design and specification shall as a minimum follows the nationally recognized and approved standards of the country in which the scaffold is erected. Where the requirements of this standard are different to the nationally recognized and approved standards, t he most stringent standard will apply.3.2 Scaffolds shall be inspected by competent qualified and certified personnel prior to use, after inclement weather and any occurrence where the structure has been modified. Any individual that erects or disassembles a scaffold must be certified, and all users of scaffolding must receive the appropriate training. Contract personnel must present proof of the appropriate training and qualifications prior to working on any Air Products site.3.3 Scaffolds shall only be erected and disassembled by competent approved and qualified personnel. Proper provisions must be made for the safe lifting ofscaffold fittings, poles and boards. Lifting equipment must be designed to prevent the possibility of scaffold falling to grade in the event that the load snags or knots slip. Throwing and dropping equipment is strictly prohibited.3.4 Erected scaffolds exceeding 38m (125' feet) in height (or the national limits in the country of use) shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, or the local authority where applicable, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design.3.5 The person(s) in charge of the activity, e.g., plant maintenance, construction, etc., shall ensure that any individual that has the authority and responsibility for the erection, inspection, and disassembly of scaffolding is competent to do so. Theindividual will be deemed competent after receiving suitable training by an approved scaffold training company or in-house expert and shall be documented.3.6 Scaffolds shall have guardrails, mid-rails, and toe boards installed on all open sides and ends of platforms.3.6.1 Guardrails shall be installed no less than 970 mm (38" inches) or not more than 1,140 mm (45" inches) high with a mid-rail, or as required by the National Standard. There must not be a gap between guardrails, or between toe boards and guardrails, greater than 470 mm (18" inches).3.6.2 Toe boards shall be a minimum of 102 mm (4" inches) in height and must be secured to prevent movement. Toe boards are to be of wood construction, aluminum, or steel preformed to match the scaffold.3.6.3 In windy conditions and certain situations, netting must be placed between the toe board and mid-rails (and top rails in some cases) to prevent materials, i.e. paper, rags, small tools; various materials from being blown off the scaffold decking and falling onto the ground exposing people below to fall hazards.3.7 Scaffolds must be erected on sound surfaces and base plates must be used at all times. Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum intended load without settling or displacement. Unstable objects such as barrels, boxes, loose brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to support scaffolds. 3.8 All poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds shall be plumb and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Sufficient ties or raking shores shall be provided to ensure that the scaffold cannot fall away from the object being scaffolded.3.9 Scaffold surfaces shall be kept clean and free from sharp edges, burrs, or other safety hazards.3.10 Scaffolds shall not be loaded in excess of the working load for which they are intended. Scaffolds and their components shall be capable of supporting at least four (4) times the maximum intended load. Scaffolds should have their safe working loads posted or visible to those working who will be performing work on the scaffold.3.11 Scaffold work platforms shall be fully planked with wood, aluminum, or steel scaffold planks or 51 mm X 254 mm (2" x 10" inches) lumber that meets Planking Requirements and is rated to support the intended load.3.12 Scaffolds shall be maintained in a safe condition, and shall only be altered by competent approved and qualified personnel. Scaffolds undergoing modification shall be withdrawn from use until the modification work has been completed, and the scaffold inspected and approved for use by a competent approved and qualified person.3.13 Scaffolds (including mobile access towers) shall not be moved while they are in use or occupied.3.14 Scaffolds damaged or part weakened from any cause shall immediately be replaced and shall not be used until repairs have been completed and the scaffoldre-inspected.3.15 The preferred method of access and egress to a work platform is from a ladder which shall be fitted with an access gate panel. Chain gates can only be used where access gate panels are not safely accessible. Access ladders should not exceed9m (30' feet) in length, and shall extend a min. of 1.1m (3.5' feet) past the working platform.3.16 Access ladder(s) shall be provided with each scaffold built. Access ladders must be of an approved construction, fixed on a suitable foundation, and unpainted. The ladders should be fixed at the top, bottom, and sufficient intermediate points to prevent undue sagging or movement. The recommended gradient is to be 1:4(i.e., about 1 unit out for every 4 units in height). A chain gate shall be used on ladder frames when access gate panels are not safely accessible.3.17 Access or working platforms shall be no more than 9m (30' feet) apart vertically. When a scaffold height exceeds 9 m (30' feet) all additional platforms shall be on the inside of the scaffolding. If the working platforms are spaced more than6.1m (20' feet)) apart, the ladders shall then be equipped either self- retracting lifelines or an OSHA or equivalent National approved cage. The lifeline shall be installed to an acceptable anchorage point capable to withstand 2300Kgs or (5000 Lbs) per individual attached for fall protection. Any ladder over7.3m (24' feet) or 9.1m (30' feet) must have an intermediate platform as a means for resting on the way up.3.18 Use of pulleys, hoist arms, or other devices to hoist material is prohibited, unless the scaffold is guyed or braced to a permanent structure to prevent tipping or has been designed to accommodate these lifting devices.3.19 Use of ladders or makeshift devices on top of scaffold to increase its heightor to provide access from above is prohibited.4. PROCEDURE4.1 Safety Considerations4.1.1 Depending on the nature and the area of work, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn by personnel. A competent person must determine the feasibility and safety, or where National Standards may dictate, of providing fall protection during the erection and dismantling of scaffolding.Note: Fall protection must be worn by workers erecting and dismantling scaffolds when exposed to falls greater than 6 feet.4.1.2 Personnel working on a scaffold platform with full handrail, mid rail, toe boards and gated access are not required to tie off when working inside the platform area. Safety harness shall be used during scaffold erection. Tie off is required above 2m (6' feet).4.1.3 Personal protective equipment must be used which has been identified through the Workplace Risk Assessment/Job Safety Analysis.4.1.4 Scaffolds shall be built or dismantled in a manner to prevent passage from under the scaffold. Caution tape should be used to mark a safe zone around the scaffolds. Personnel access through mid rails and cross bracing is not recommended.4.1.5 If a scaffold erection interferes with the permanent access ladder or permanent fall protection device, alternative fall protection and ladder access must be provided.4.1.6 Special precautions shall be taken to protect scaffold structure including any wire or fiber ropes when using a heat producing process.4.1.7 Falling objects protection must be installed to provide protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects. This can be accomplished by using toe boards, screens or brick guards; guard rails systems, nets, catch platforms, or canopy structure methods. These systems must be capable of containing or deflecting falling objects. Overhead protection shall be provided for individuals working on a scaffold exposed to overhead hazards.4.1.8 Individuals shall not work on scaffolds during a storm or high winds. Every effort should be made to exit the scaffold prior to electrical storms. Scaffolds should only be sheeted in where the scaffold structure (including ties and/or raking shores) has been specifically designed to accommodate the additional wind loads that thisimposes.4.1.9 Individuals shall not work on scaffolding, which is covered with ice or snow, unless all ice or snow is removed and planking is covered with antiskid material to prevent slipping. This is because the deadweight of ice and snow can lead to significant overloading of the scaffold structure.4.1.10 Tools, materials, and debris shall not be allowed to accumulate in quantities to cause a hazard.4.1.11 Partly erected/dismantled scaffold must have suitable warning signs posted in prominent locations, be barricaded off, or policed to prevent unauthorized entry. The use of Scaffold tags is strongly recommended.4.1.12 When scaffold material is stored on-site, it is advisable to store the material under dry conditions.4.1.13 Scaffolds are not to be placed closer than 9m (30' feet) to live power lines, or no closer than the minimum clearance specified by the National Electrical Safety guidelines in the country of jurisdiction. In some countries grounding of the scaffold structure is required.4.1.14 Scaffold accessories shall be used and installed in accordance with manufacturer's recommended procedures. Accessories shall not be altered in the field.4.1.15 Personnel who perform work on scaffolding systems must be trained according to the requirements outlined by Air Products or according to national or local regulations. Retraining is required in at least in the following situations:4.1.15.1 Where changes at the worksite present a hazard about which any employee has not been previously trained.4.1.15.2 Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard about which an employee has not been previously trained.4.1.15.3 Where inadequacies in an affected employee's work involving scaffolding indicates that the employee has not retained the requisite proficiency.4.1.15.4 Where changes to the procedure have taken place, which an employee has not been previously trained.Note: The Following Environmental Considerations:Metal scaffold platforms should be used during Lead Abatement Activitieswhenever possible, to eliminate contamination and cleanup of wood walk boards.4.2 Scaffold Inspection4.2.1 Scaffolding shall be inspected by a competent, qualified and certified scaffold inspector prior to use, after any modification, or after any occurrence which could affect the integrity of the scaffold structure. This shall either be the contractor responsible for the provision of the scaffold or an Air Products employee trained in the proper erection, inspection and use of scaffolding. The results and periodic frequency of such inspections shall be recorded and Scaffold Tags posted in a prominent location at each access point to show the inspection status of the scaffold and next inspection period.The periodic frequency shall depend on factors such as the type of scaffold, site and weather conditions, intensity of use, age of the equipment, and how often sections or components are added, removed or changed, but should never exceed 1 week (7 days). These kinds of factors will determine how quickly or how slowly safety related faults, loose connections, degradation and other defects could be expected to develop, and consequently indicate whether inspections should be conducted more frequently than every 7 days.4.2.1.1 For routine maintenance activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected daily or before each work shift.4.2.1.2 For Construction and Turnaround Activities, all scaffolding shall be inspected at least once before each work shift or more periodic as determined by the scaffold inspector.Note: "Periodic" means frequently enough so that, in light of these factors and the amount of time expected for detrimental effects to occur, there is a good likelihood that problems will be found before they pose a hazard to working individuals.4.3.2 Upon completion of a scaffold, the scaffold inspector shall inspect the scaffold. When a scaffold is approved by the inspector a green 'SCAFFOLD COMPLETED' - 'READY FOR USE' or a yellow 'No Access' tag will be inserted into the danger tag holder. If it is not approved, the inspector will attach a red tag into the danger tag holder indicating that the scaffold is not suitable for use. The red tag must remain in place until the scaffold is repaired and inspected by a competent person4.3.2.1 The Inspector will date and sign the "GREEN" tag when there are no defects in scaffold construction noting total working load on tag.4.3.2.2 The Inspector will date and sign the "YELLOW" caution tag and fill in any restrictions or cautions associated with the scaffold noting the total working loadon tag.4.3.2.3 The Inspector will date and sign a "RED" tag indicating that the scaffold is not to be used because it is being modified or is not suitable for people to be working on it.4.3.3 No unauthorized modifications will be made to any scaffold. Only approved scaffold builders are permitted to modify a scaffold.4.3.4 Scaffolding that is required to support a load must visibly display the maximum load permitted and all persons using the scaffold must be informed of the restrictions of use for the particular arrangement (load capacity, general access, inspection only, etc.). The sign should be legible and written in the native language to ensure full understanding. In some cases, dual language signs may be necessary.4.3.5 Scaffolds shall be rated for total working load at time of inspection. To determine total working load, multiply length times width to find the square feet of the working area. Multiply working area by allowable load per square foot.Example: 1.5m (5' feet) wide by 2.1m (7 feet) long, 1.5m X 2.1m = 3.15 square meters (5'x7' = 35 square feet). Multiply this number 3.15 (35) times the working load per square meters (square foot) from the load chart found in OSHA's 1926 Subpart "L " or equivalent to find the total working load.Note: The Lumber basis for this is "Douglas Fir".Example: Full thickness undressed lumberWorking load 22.7 Kg-per square meter (50 lb-per square foot)Permissible span 2.4m (8' feet).3.15 meter squared X 22.7 Kg per squared meter = 71.5 Kg -Total working load (35 square feet x 50 p.s.f. = 1,750 pounds Total working load).Example: Nominal thickness lumber (dressed)Working load 11.1Kgs per square meter (25Lbs per square foot)3.15 meters squared X 11.1 kgs per squared meter = 35 Kgs -Total working load (35 square feet x 25 p.s.f. = 875 pounds - Total Working Load)NOTE: FOR PERMISSIBLE SPAN - USE THE NEXT HIGHER NUMBER FORLENGTH OF SPAN.4.3.6 The minimum permitted widths for scaffold are as follows (unless specified by national regulations):GeneralFor men and materialsFor supporting another platformFor the side of a sloping roof4.3.7 Scaffold boards are to be supported as follows (unless national regulations are more stringent):Thickness of boardMaximum Spacing51 mm (2 in) 2590 mm (8 ft)4.3.8 Scaffold planking shall be scaffold grade as recognized by grading rules for the species of wood and stamped on the plank.4.3.9 When a scaffold is built around a line or object, the following guidelines are to be followed:4.3.9.1 Toe-board shall be installed around the object.4.3.9.2 Planking shall be covered with plywood 15.87 mm (5/8" inches) or greater and capable of supporting the intended load.4.3.9.3 Scaffolds shall be planked end-to-end on each side of the object. The planking needs to be supported around the object to ensure the decking or planking will sufficiently hold the intended weight of people and tools and materials.4.3.10 All brackets shall be seated correctly with side brackets parallel to frames and end brackets 90° to the frame. Brackets shall not be bent or twisted from normal positions.4.3.11 Scaffolds shall be visually checked by the user prior to use to ensure that no unauthorized changes have been made and that the status tag is still valid. If the tag is not valid, the scaffold shall be removed from service by removing the scaffold tag until repairs are made and the scaffold has been re-inspected. A red tag should be fixed to the scaffolding indicating no one is to use it.4.3.12 Where gin wheels/pulleys (including ropes) or other accessories are fitted to the scaffold, these are to be included into the scope of all inspections mentioned in this procedure.4.3.13 When it is proposed to use a lightweight mobile scaffold platforms for light duty work, the scaffold shall be subject to the following:4.3.13.1 The scaffold is used with all bracing and outriggers in position and wheels locked.4.3.13.2 All scaffold is used on level firm ground only.4.3.13.3 All points of the scaffold are fully supported by the ground.4.3.13.4 The individuals erecting the scaffold have been properly trained in its use.4.3.13.5 The height of the scaffold shall not exceed the smallest base dimension by a factor greater than 3:1, subject to the manufacturer confirming that the scaffold is suitable for this and that the manufacturer instruction and information are available. If no information exists, assume 2:1 as the maximum ratio. Additionally, the smallest base dimension shall not be less than 1200 mm (4' feet).4.3.13.6 Ladders must not be used to extend the height of the scaffold.脚手架安全标准1.目的本程序为全球AOCI工厂安全安装、检查、使用和拆卸脚手架提供了指导原则。
安全工程专业英语
一、专业词汇翻译mine n. 矿山，矿井。
v. 采矿colliery n. 矿井coal mining 采煤coalfield n. 煤田strike n. 走向dip n. 倾向roadway n. 巷道mining district 采区coalface n. 采煤面working face工作面ventilation n. 通风bolt v. 打锚杆；n. 锚杆immediate roof 直接顶；floor 底板；gas，methane 瓦斯outcrop 露头，露出地面的岩层fault n. 断层occurrence 赋存coalfield 煤田air shaft风井surrounding rock 围岩Mine ventilation 矿山通风internal combustion engine 内燃机dilute冲淡, 变淡, 变弱, 稀释contaminant 污染物noxious 有害的exhaust shaft 出风井colliery 煤矿trap door 通风门moisture content 湿度rank 品级bituminous 烟煤anthracite 无烟煤igneous[地]火成的natural fracture原生裂隙cleat【地质】割理porosity 多孔性sorptive吸附的Permeability渗透性free gas游离状态瓦斯adsorbed gas吸附状态瓦斯voidage孔隙度adsorption isotherm吸附等温线Methane drainage 瓦斯抽放Borehole 钻孔★Accident Causation Models：事故致因模型★System safety：系统安全★Hazard analysis：危害分析★Hazard identification：危险源辨识★Ergonomics process 人机工程过程★Hazard Identification 危险源辨识★safety culture 安全文化★corporate culture 企业文化★Accident Investigation：事故调查★mine fire 矿井火灾二、句型翻译★1、Rasmussen and Jensen have presented a three-level skill-rule-knowledge model for describing the origins of the different types of human errors.Rasmussen和Jensen提出了一种技能—规范—知识的三级模型，用来描述不同类型的人为失误的来源。
资料：《安全工程专业英语(部分翻译)》
Unit 1 safety man ageme nt system Accide nt causatio n models 事故致因理论Safety man ageme nt 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machi ne guard机械保护装置ingHouse-keep ing 工作场所管理Top man ageme高层管理人员ntHuma n errors 人因失误Accide nt-pro nen ess models 事故倾向模型Mun iti ons factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risk ing tak ing 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss preve nti on 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard con trol 危险控制Inten sive study 广泛研究Organi zati onal performa nee 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Shop-floor 生产区Seni ority资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Abse nteeism rate 缺勤率Power relatio ns 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level man ageme nt 低层管理者Busin ess performa nee 组织绩效Most senior executive 高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety prin eiple 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Impleme nt pla n 执行计戈UHazard ide ntificati on 危险辨识Safety performa nee 安全性能译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。
安全工程专业外语翻译
Unit 1Safety Management Systems安全管理体系1.Accident Causation Models1.事故致因理论The most important aim of safety management is to maintain and promote workers' health and safety at work. Understanding why and how accidents and other unwanted events develop is important when preventive activities are planned. Accident theories aim to clarify the accident phenomena，and to explain the mechanisms that lead to accidents. All modem theories are based on accident causation models which try to explain the sequence of events that finally produce the loss. In ancient times, accidents were seen as an act of God and very little could be done to prevent them. In the beginning of the 20th century，it was believed that the poor physical conditions are the root causes of accidents. Safety practitioners concentrated on improving machine guarding, housekeeping and inspections. In most cases an accident is the result of two things ：The human act, and the condition of the physical or social environment.安全管理系统最重要的目的是维护和促进工人们在工作时的健康和安全。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译
Introduction
《安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译》是一本专门针对安全工程专业的英语学习教材。
该教材主要围绕安全工程领域的基础理论、先进技术和相关实践进行了详细的介绍和解析，并提供了中英文对照的翻译。
本文档将对《安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译》的主要内容进行总结和梳理，以Markdown文本格式输出，方便学习者进行查阅和学习。
目录
1.第一章：安全工程概述
2.第二章：安全管理
3.第三章：安全工程建设
4.第四章：安全评价与风险管理
5.第五章：安全监测与故障诊断
6.第六章：安全仪器设备与技术
7.第七章：安全应急管理
8.第八章：安全生产与环境保护
9.第九章：安全法规与标准
10.第十章：安全知识与实务
第一章：安全工程概述
安全工程是一门跨学科的学科领域，它综合运用工程学、
管理学、社会学等多个学科的理论和方法来保障人们的生命财产安全。
本章主要介绍了安全工程的定义、发展历程以及当代安全工程面临的挑战。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第二章：安全管理
安全管理是安全工程的核心内容之一，它涉及到组织、计划、控制、协调和改进等方面的工作。
本章主要介绍了安全管理的基本原理和主要方法，包括风险管理、事故调查与分析、安全规划与组织等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第三章：安全工程建设
安全工程建设是为了预防和减少事故发生而采取的一系列
措施和技术手段。
本章主要介绍了安全工程建设的原则和方法，并详细介绍了建设过程中需要注意的事项和技术要点。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第四章：安全评价与风险管理
安全评价与风险管理是对安全工程进行评估和控制的重要
手段。
本章主要介绍了安全评价和风险管理的方法和技术，包括定量风险评估、风险控制策略、安全标准与规范等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第五章：安全监测与故障诊断
安全监测与故障诊断是对安全工程运行状态进行监测和故
障诊断的重要手段。
本章主要介绍了安全监测和故障诊断的基本原理和常用技术，包括传感器与监测系统、故障诊断方法和仪器设备等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第六章：安全仪器设备与技术
安全仪器设备与技术是支撑安全工程实施的重要保障。
本章主要介绍了安全仪器设备和相关技术的种类和应用，包括火灾报警系统、安全监控系统、逃生救援装备等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第七章：安全应急管理
安全应急管理是对突发事件进行应对和处理的重要环节。
本章主要介绍了安全应急管理的基本原理和组织机制，包括应急预案编制、应急指挥体系和应急处置措施等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第八章：安全生产与环境保护
安全生产与环境保护是安全工程实施过程中的重要内容之一。
本章主要介绍了安全生产和环境保护的基本原则和方法，包括安全生产管理、环境影响评价和环境治理等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第九章：安全法规与标准
安全法规与标准是安全工程实施的法律法规和行业标准准则。
本章主要介绍了安全法规和标准的体系和内容，包括劳动
安全与健康法规、建筑安全标准和安全评估规范等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
第十章：安全知识与实务
安全知识与实务是安全工程人员必备的基础知识和应用技能。
本章主要介绍了安全工程的相关知识和实践经验，包括工程安全知识、安全事故案例分析和安全管理实务等方面的内容。
同时提供了相关术语的中英文对照翻译。
结论
《安全工程专业英语第二版中英文翻译》是一本全面介绍
和解析安全工程领域知识和技术的学习教材。
通过对安全工程相关领域的基础理论、先进技术和相关实践的介绍，学习者可以更系统和全面地了解和掌握安全工程的知识和技能。
同时，中英文对照的翻译也方便学习者进行跨文化学习和交流。