专业英语1-5

1.M e t a l s a n d T h e i r U s e V o c a b u l a r y:

engineering [ ♏⏹♎✞♓⏹♓☜❒♓☠] 工程学

metal [ ❍♏♦●] 金属

element [ ♏●♓❍☜⏹♦] 元素

alloy [ ✌●♓] 合金

iron [ ♋♓☜⏹] 铁

carbon [ ♌☜⏹] 碳

ferrous [ ♐♏❒☜♦] 含铁的

nonferrous [ ⏹⏹♐♏❒☜♦] 不含铁的

copper [ ☐☜] 铜

aluminum [☜●◆❍♓⏹☜❍] 铝

lead [●♓♎] 铅

zinc [ ♓☠] 锌

tin [♦♓⏹] 锡

property [ ☐❒☐☜♦♓] 性质

pure [☐◆☜] 纯的

plasticity [☐●✌♦♦♓♦♓♦♓] 塑性

ore [ ] 矿石

mineral [ ❍♓⏹☜❒☜●] 矿物

impurity [♓❍☐◆☜❒♓♦♓] 杂质

metallurgy [❍♏♦✌●☜♎✞♓] 冶金

construction [ ☜⏹♦♦❒✈☞☜⏹] 结构

combine [ ☜❍♌♋♓⏹] 结合

strength [♦♦❒♏☠] 强度

hardness [ ♒♎⏹♓♦] 硬度

etc = et cetra 等等, 及其他

atom [ ✌♦☜❍] 原子

ion [ ♋♓☜⏹] 离子

malleable [ ❍✌●♓☜♌●] 有延展性的, 可锻的

gallium [ ♈✌●♓☜❍] 镓

cesium [ ♦♓☜❍] 铯

mercury [ ❍☜◆❒♓] 水银, 汞

rubidium [❒◆♌♓♎♓☜❍] 铷

charge [♦☞♎✞] 充电

metallic [❍♓♦✌●♓] 金属(性)的

account for 说明

A p p e n d i n g:

1. Melting Gallium

Gallium metal has a melting point of 30°C, which is lower than our body temperature. In this photo, a sample of gallium melts in a person’s hand. Gallium, mercury, cesium, and rubidium are the only metal elements that melt near room temperature.

2. Silver

Silver, a typical metal, consists of a regular array of silver atoms that have each lost an electron to form a silver ion. The negatively charged electrons distribute themselves throughout the

entire piece of metal and form nondirectional bonds between the positive silver ions. This arrangement, known as metallic bonding, accounts for the characteristic properties of metals: they are good electrical conductors because the electrons are free to move from one place to another, and they are malleable because the positive ions are held together by nondirectional forces. A force applied to a malleable substance shifts the positions of the atoms without

2.P l a s t i c s a n d O t h e r

M a t e r i a l s

V o c a b u l a r y:

plastic [ ☐●✌♦♦♓] 塑料

preferable [ ☐❒♏♐☜❒☜♌●] 更好的

traditional [♦❒☜♎♓☞☜⏹●] 传统的

material [❍☜♦♓☜❒♓☜●] 原料

comparison [ ☜❍☐✌❒♓♦⏹] 比较

corrode [ ☜❒☜◆♎] 腐蚀

inorganic [ ♓⏹♈✌⏹♓] 无机的

sulphuric [♦✈●♐◆☜❒♓] 硫磺的

hydrochloric

[ ♒♋♓♎❒☜◆●❒♓] 盐酸的solvent [ ♦●☜⏹♦] 溶解的

tetrachloride

[ ♦♏♦❒☜●❒♋♓♎] 四氯化物rigid [ ❒♓♎✞♓♎] 钢硬的

deform [♎♓♐❍] 变形

specific gravity 比重

readily [ ❒♏♎♓●♓] 容易地

conduct [ ⏹♎✈♦] 传导

electricity [♓●♏♦❒♓♦♓♦♓] 电

shape [☞♏♓☐] 成形

plasticity [☐●✌♦♦♓♦♓♦♓] 塑性

temperature [ ♦♏❍☐❒♓♦☞☜] 温度

mold [❍☜◆●♎] 模子

laborious [●☜♌❒♓☜♦] 费力的

assembly [☜♦♏❍♌●♓] 装配

exploit [♓♦☐●♓♦] 开发

entirely [♓⏹♦♋♓☜●♓] 完全地

valve [ ✌●] 阀

decoration [ ♎♏☜❒♏♓☞☜⏹] 装饰

spare [♦☐☪☜] 备用的

surgery [ ♦☜♎✞☜❒♓] 外科

adapt [☜♎✌☐♦] 改制

due to 由于

technique [♦♏⏹♓] 技术

fabricate [ ♐✌♌❒♓♏♓♦] 制作

injection molding 注塑法

blow molding 吹塑法

compression molding 压塑法

extrusion [♏♦♦❒◆✞☜⏹] 挤压

vacuum forming 真空成形

thermoplastic [ ☜❍☜☐●✌♦♦♓] 热塑性塑料

calender [ ✌●♓⏹♎☜] 以压光机压光

pellet [ ☐♏●♓♦] 小球

drape [♎❒♏♓☐] 遮盖

thermosetting [ ☜❍☜◆♦♏♦♓☠] 热硬化性的

laminate [ ●✌❍♓⏹♏♓♦] 碾压，层压

matrix [ ❍♏♓♦❒♓♦] 基板

tube [ ♦◆♌] 管, 管子

fuse [♐◆] 熔合

melt [❍♏●♦] (使)融化, (使)熔化, 使软

化

inflate [♓⏹♐●♏♓♦] 使膨胀, 使充气

A p p e n d i n g

1. How Thermoplastics are Formed