自考(英语专业) 英美文学选读——作家作品
自考《英美文学选读》（美）浪漫主义时期（2）
⼆。
美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 Ⅰ。
Washington Irving（1783-l859） Irving''s position in American literature Washington Irving was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation， and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the merican literary history and Father of the American short stories. ⼀。
⼀般识记 His life and major works Washington Irving was born in New York City in a wealthy family. From a very early age he began to read widely and write juvenile poems， essays， and plays. In l798， he conc1uded his education at private schools and entered a law office， but he loved writing more. His first successful work is A History Of New York from the Beginning Of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty，which， written under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker， won him wide popularity after it came out in 1809. With the publication of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon， Gent. in serials between 1819 and 1820， Irving won a measure of international fame on both sides of the Atlantic. The book contains familiar essays on the Eng1ish life and Americanized versions of European folk tales like "Rip Van Winkle＂， and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Geoffrey Crayon is a carefully contrived persona and behind Crayon stands Irving， juxtaposing the Old World and the New， and manipulating his own antiquarian interest with artistic perspectives. The major work of his later years was The Life of George Washington. ⼆。
自考 英美文学选读 书单
自考英美文学选读书单全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：自考英美文学选读书单：自考英美文学选读一直是自考英美文学专业的核心课程之一，对学生的文学修养和英语水平提升起着非常重要的作用。
下面给大家推荐一份【自考英美文学选读】书单，希望对大家学习和备考有所帮助。
1. 《简·爱》（Jane Eyre）- 夏洛蒂·勃朗特（Charlotte Bronte）《简·爱》是英国文学史上的经典之作，描写了主人公简·爱的一生遭遇及成长历程。
小说通过简·爱的内心世界、对生活的思考和对爱情的追求，展示了女性独立、坚强和自由的形象，被誉为女性主义文学的杰作。
2. 《傲慢与偏见》（Pride and Prejudice）- 简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen）《傲慢与偏见》是英国文学史上的又一经典之作，讲述了伊丽莎白·班奇和达西先生之间的爱情故事。
小说通过调侃社会习俗、揭示人性弱点和倡导女性独立，展现了简·奥斯汀的精湛文学功底和对人性深刻洞察的能力。
3. 《了不起的盖茨比》（The Great Gatsby）- F·司各特·菲茨杰拉德（F. Scott Fitzgerald）《了不起的盖茨比》是美国文学史上的代表作之一，讲述了上世纪20年代美国高盛时期的繁荣与荒诞。
小说通过主人公盖茨比的爱情故事、社会地位和金钱的探讨，揭示了美国梦的虚幻和人性的贪婪，具有较高的文学价值和社会意义。
《呼啸山庄》是英国文学史上的经典之作，描绘了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱恨纠葛。
小说通过家族恩怨、爱情悲剧和人性探讨，展现了勃朗特姐妹的文学才华和对人性矛盾的深刻理解。
《去吧，告诉她们，我在这里》是美国文学史上的力作之一，讲述了黑人青年约翰尼的成长经历和对信仰的追求。
小说通过种族歧视、家庭纠葛和自我认同的挣扎，反映了美国社会的种族问题和对人类命运的深刻思考。
英语自考《英美文学选读》的资料
一莎士比亚In 1593 and 1594, he published two narrative poems(叙事诗), Venus and Adonis(维纳斯和安东尼斯) and The Rape of Lucrece(鲁克丽斯受辱记).Four period:First: The first period of Shakespeare's dramatic career was one of apprenticeship(学徒期). He wrote five history plays: Henry VI, Parts I, II, and III(亨利六世上，中，下),Richard III(理查三世), and Titus Andronicus(泰托斯.安东尼); and four comedies: The Comedy of Errors(错误的喜剧), The Two Gentlemen of Verona(维洛那二绅士), The Taming of the Shrew(训悍记), and Love's Labour's Lost(爱的徒劳).Second: In the second period, Shakespeare's style and approach became highly individualized. By constructing a complex pattern between different characters and between appearance and reality, Shakespeare made subtle comments on a variety of human foibles. In this period he wrote five histories: Richard II(理查二世), King John(约翰王), Henry IV, Parts I and II(亨利四世上部和下部), and Henry V(亨利五世); six comedies: A Midsummer Night's Dream(仲夏夜之梦), The Merchant of Venice(威尼斯商人),Much Ado About Nothing(无事生非), As You Like It(皆大欢喜), Twelfth Night(第十二夜), and The Merry Wives of Windsor(温莎的风流娘们儿); and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet(罗密欧与朱丽叶) and Julis Caesar(裘里斯.凯撒).Third: Shakespeare's third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies. The tragedies of this period are Hamlet(哈姆雷特), Othello(奥赛罗), King Lear(李尔王), Macbeth(麦克白), Angony and Cleopatra(安东尼与克利奥佩特拉), Troilus and Cressida(克利奥拉纳斯), and Coriolanus(). The two comedies are All's Well That Ends Wells(终成眷属)and Measure for Measure(一报还一报).Last: The last period of Shakespeare's work includes his principal romantic tragicomedies(浪漫悲喜剧): Pericles(伯利克里), Cymbeline(辛白林), The Winter's Tale(冬天的故事) and The Tempest(暴风雨); and his two final plays: Henry VIII(亨利八世) and The Two Noble Kinsmen(两位贵族亲戚).Shakespeare's authentic non-dramatic poetry consist of two long narrative poems: Venus and Adonis(维纳斯和安东尼斯) and The Rape of Lucrece(鲁克丽斯受辱记), and his sequence of 154 sonnets. Shakespeare's sonnets are the only direct expression of the poet's own feelings.With three exceptions (99,126,154) Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the popular English form, first fully developed by Surrey, of three quatrains and a couplet(三节四行诗加一节偶句).Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity(在一个强大英明的君主统治下的国家，统一是非常必要的).The three history plays on the reign of Henry VI are the beginning of Shakespeare's epic treatment.The first and second parts of Henry IV are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays. It reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century. Shakespeare presents the patriotic spirit when mourning over the loss of English territories in France. He also dramatizes the class struggle between the oppressors and the oppressored during Jack Cade's rising of 1450. Furthermore, he condemns the War of the Roses waged by the feudal barons in which innocent people were killed. Here Shakespeare has liberated himself from any imitations of the contempory example .In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play.(在他的浪漫喜剧中，莎士比亚以乐观的态度对待爱情与青春，并将流浪色彩渲染到极致。
自考-《英美文学选读》作家和作品
A Tale of a Tub 桶的故事
The Battle of the books 书籍的战争
The Drapier’s Letter 德拉皮尔的信
Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记
A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议
5. Henry Fielding
The great poems: Paradise Lost (1665)
Paradise Regained (1666)
Samson Agonistes (1671) 力士参孙
The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义 8个
1. John bunyan:
Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的结合
The Book of Urizen 尤来森之书
The Book of Los 洛斯之书
The four Zoas四个左义斯
Milon弥尔顿
Tiger
2. Willian Wordsworth(Lake Poets)
The Victorian Period 6
1. Charles Dickens
Sketches by Boz 勃兹速写
Life in Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿
Nicholas Nickleby 尼克拉丝尼克尔比
The Pickwick Paper 皮克威克外传
The History of Amelia阿米利亚
6．Samuel Johnson
Poems: London , The Vanity of human Wishes人类欲望的虚幻
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点英美文学选读是自考中一门重要且富有魅力的课程，它涵盖了英国和美国文学发展历程中的众多经典作品和重要作家。
对于自考生来说，掌握重点内容是顺利通过考试的关键。
以下将为您详细介绍英美文学选读自考的重点。
一、英国文学部分1、古英语时期与中世纪文学这一时期的重点是了解英国文学的起源和早期发展。
比如，《贝奥武甫》是英国文学史上第一部重要的史诗，要理解其主题、结构和语言特点。
另外，乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》也是重点，需掌握其对人物的刻画、叙事技巧以及反映的社会现实。
2、文艺复兴时期文学文艺复兴时期的英国文学成就斐然。
威廉·莎士比亚是重中之重，他的戏剧作品如《哈姆雷特》《罗密欧与朱丽叶》《麦克白》等，要深入研究其人物塑造、情节设置、主题思想以及对人性、命运、爱情等问题的探讨。
同时，还需了解这一时期其他重要作家如托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
3、 17 世纪文学这一时期的玄学派诗歌和清教徒文学是重点。
约翰·多恩的玄学派诗歌以奇特的比喻和复杂的思维著称，要理解其诗歌的独特风格和思想内涵。
而弥尔顿的《失乐园》《复乐园》等作品，则要把握其宗教主题和史诗般的气魄。
4、 18 世纪文学启蒙运动时期的英国文学注重现实和理性。
丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》是必读作品，要分析主人公的形象和作品所反映的殖民主义、个人奋斗等主题。
此外，乔纳森·斯威夫特的《格列佛游记》也是重点，理解其讽刺手法和对社会现象的批判。
5、 19 世纪浪漫主义文学浪漫主义时期的诗人如威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治、拜伦、雪莱和济慈的作品都需要认真研读。
了解他们各自的诗歌风格、主题以及对自然、爱情、自由等的追求。
同时，简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》也是常考内容，要分析其细腻的人物描写和婚姻爱情观。
6、 19 世纪现实主义文学查尔斯·狄更斯的作品在这一时期占据重要地位，如《雾都孤儿》《大卫·科波菲尔》《双城记》等，要理解其对社会现实的批判和对人性的关怀。
自考英美文学选读(英国篇
The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期Beowulf 《贝奥武夫》：第一部最古老、最长的较完整的文学作品The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》小说集，描写了各行各业中的人物形象Italy 三方面：painting+sculputre+literature主要作家：William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》（1）手法：pun 双关（“Not on thy sole,but on thy soul,harsh Jew /Thou mak ’st thy knife keen.”“狠心的犹太人,你不是在鞋口上磨刀,而是在你的心口上磨刀”）（2）主人公名字：安东尼奥Antonio 巴萨尼奥Bassanio 鲍西亚Portia 犹太人Jews 夏洛克Shylock 生平2long poems 154sonnets38playsVenus and Adonis 《维纳斯与安东尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece 《鲁克丽丝受辱记》四大喜剧A Midsummer Night’s Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》（1）手法：soliloquy 独白（“To be,or not to be —that is the question ”）（2）The first and the most popular play of Shakespeare十四行诗（18）（1）起源Italy引入英国的人Wyatt 华埃特（2）经典名句：“Shall I compare thee to a summer ’s day?”我可能把你和夏天相比拟？（3）修辞：Personification 拟人手法（4）主题：美好夏日通常短暂，但诗歌之美却能永存。
自考《英美文学选读》（英）浪漫主义时期（2）
⼆该时期的重要作家 I. William Blake 1.⼀般识记： His life English poet， artist， & philosopher， born in London England， Nov 28， 1757， and died in London， Aug12，1827. Blake made distinguished contributions to both Literature & art. He ranks with great poets in the English language & may be considered the earliest of the major English Romantic poets. His poems range from lyrics of childlike simplicity to mystical or prophetic works of great complexity. As an artist he is best known for his engravings， which are among the masterpieces of graphic art. 2. 识记 His political， religious & literary views Blake never tried to fit into the world； he was a rebel innocently & completely all his life. He was politically of the permanent left & mixed a good deal with the radicals like Thomas Paine& William Godwin. Like Shelley， Blake strongly criticized the capitalists'' cruel exploitation， saying that the "dark satanic mills left men unemployed， killed children & forced prostitution." Meanwhile he cherished great expectations & enthusiasm for the French Revolution， & regarded it as a necessary stage leading to the millennium predicted by the biblical prophets. Literarily Blake was the first important Romantic poet， showing contempt for the rule of reason， opposing the classical tradition of the 18th century & treasuring the individual''s imagination. 3. 领会 His poems （1） Early works The Songs of Innocence （1809） is a lovely volume of poems， presenting a happy & innocent world， though not without its evils & sufferings. For instance， " Holy Thursday" with its vision of charity children lit " with a radiance all their own" reminds us terribly of a world of loss & institutional cruelty. The wretched child described in " The Chimney Sweeper，" orphaned， exploited， yet touched by visionary rapture， evokes unbearable poignancy when he finally puts his trust in the order of the universe as he knows it. His Songs of Experience （1794） paints a different world， a world of misery，poverty， disease， war & repression with a melancholy tone. The benighted England becomes the world of the dark wood & of the weeping prophet. The orphans of " Holy Thursday" are now "fed with cold & usurious hand." The little chimneysweeper sings "notes of woe" while his parents go to church & praise "God & his Priest & King"——the very instruments of their repression. In "London"， the city is no longer a paradise， but becomes the seat of poverty & despair，of man alienated from his true self. Blake''s Marriageof Heaven & Hell （1790） marks his entry into maturity. The poem was composed during the climax of the French Revolution & it plays the double role both as a satire & a revolutionary prophecy. In this poem， Blake explores the relationship of the contraries. Attraction & repulsion， reason & energy， love & hate，are necessary to human existence. Life is a continual conflict of give & take， a pairing of opposites， of good & evil， of innocence & experience， of body & soul. "Without contraries，" Blake states， "there is no progression." The "marriage，" to Blake， means the reconciliation of the contraries， not the subordination of the one to the other. （2） Later works In his later period， Blake wrote quite a few prophetic books， which reveal him as the prophet of universal political & spiritual freedom and show the poet himself as the spokesman of revolt. The major ones are： The Book ofUrizen（1794），The Book of Los（1795）。
自考英美文学选读(美国文学史)
PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATUREChapter1 The Romantic Period1.主要作家及其作品：i.Washington Irving:The Sketch Book; Rip Van Winkle;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowii.Ralph Waldo Emerson:Essays; The American Scholar; Self-Reliance;The Over-Soul; The Poet; Experience; Nature iii.Nathaniel Hawthorne:Mosses from an Old Manse; The Scarlet Letter;The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales;The House of the Seven Gables;The Blithedale Romance;The Marble Fauniv.Walt Whitman:Leaves of Grass; There was a Child Went Forth;Drum Taps; Cavalry Crossing a Ford; Song of Myself;When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dv.Herman Melville:Moby-Dick; Billy Budd; Typee; Omoo;Mardi; Redburn; White Jacket.2.清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. As the word itself hints，Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship，and organization of authority. American Puritans，like their brothers back in England，were idealists，believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination，original sin and total depravity，and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America，they became more and more practical，as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. As a culture heritage，Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become，to some extent，so much a state of mind，so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere，rather than a set of tenets.3.超验主义Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively，or of attaining knowledge transcendingthe reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech，"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and，therefore，self-re1iant. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold，rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ，the innate goodness of man，and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.4.象征主义5.自由诗Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted "free verse，" that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are，undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy. Whitman was the first American to use free verse extensively. By means of "free verse，" Whitman turned the poem into an open field，an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.6.爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the Individual, and Nature. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy. Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―over-soul,‖ since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all are a part. Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.. he means to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Emerson’s nature is emblematic of the spiritual world, alive with God’s overwhelming presence; hence, it exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind. ―God back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.‖ By employing nature as a big symbol of the Spirit, or God, or the over-soul. Emerson has brought the Puritan Legacy of symbolism to its perfection. 7.《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征In ―Young Goodman Brown,‖ Hawthorne set out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme of human evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil，it exemplifies what Milville called the" power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work. In "Young Goodman Brown，" he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. "Evil is thenature of mankind." Its hero，a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard，is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night，and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.Allegorically，our protagonist，becomes an Everyman named Brown，a "young man" who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.However, The story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer，and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.8.霍桑的清教思想和他人性本恶的观点As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his ―black‖ vision of life and human beings. According to Hawthorne, ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that ―the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,‖ and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life., which is typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are basically depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.9.麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure，it is also a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe，a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology.Like Hawthorne，Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. He uses allegory and symbolism in Moby-Dick to present its mighty theme. Instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements，he used symbols，that is，objects or persons who represent something else. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups；facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings；the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale，Moby Dick，symbolizes nature for Melville，for it is complex，unfathomable，malignant，and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab，however，the whale represents only evil. Moby Dick is like a wall，hiding some unknown，mysterious things behind. Ahab wills the whole crew on the Pequod to join him in the pursuit of the big whale so as to pierce the wall，to root out the evil，but only to be destroyed by evil，in this case，by his own consuming desire，his madness. For the author，as well as for the reader and Ishmael，the narrator，Moby Dick is still a mystery，an ultimate mystery of the universe，inscrutable and ambivalent，and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search，not a discovery，of the truth.10.惠特曼《草叶集》的结构(自由诗)、主题、语言特色1. The themes in Whitman's poetry：His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. Whitman believed that poetry could play a vita1 part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enab1e Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonia1 rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themse1ves in the new wor1d of possibi1ities. Hence，the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness. He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove，a rather taboo topic of the time，is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.2.Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission，having devoted all his life to the creation of the "single" poem，Leaves of Grass.（1）the title ：It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth，where there is water，there is grass. Grass，the most common thing with the greatest vitality，is an image of the poet himself，a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.（a）theme：In this giant work，openness，freedom，and above all，individua1ism（the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important）are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ，attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature，democracy，labor and creation ，and sings of man's dignity and equality，and of the brightest future of mankind . Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well.（b）the poet's essentia1 purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetica1 feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference shou1d be recognized. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was，according to Whitman，to behave as a supreme individualist；however，the poet's essentia1 purpose was to identify his ego with the world，and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America，which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".3.Whitman's poetic style and languageTo dramatize the nature of these new poetical fee1ings，Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry，which would first be discerned in his style and language.（1）Whitman's poetic style is marked，first of a1l，by the use of the poetic "I." Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains "Walt Whitman"，hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. Insuch a manner，Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.（3）Whitman is conversational and casual，in the fluid，expansive，and unstructured style of talking. However，there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman's thought and cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.（4）Whitman's languageContrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry，Whitman's is relatively simple and even rather crude. Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest，undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion，gender，class，and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader. Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English. Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerfu1，colorful，as well as rarely-used words，words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.美国现实主义时期1.Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County;Innocents Abroad; The Gilded Age2.Henry James: The American; Daisy Miller;The Europeans; The Portrait of A Lady;What Maisie Knows; The Wings of the Dove;The Ambassadors; The Golden Bowl; The Art to Fiction3.Emily Dickinson:4. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; American Tragedy1.What is Realism?In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James were the pioneers of realism in the U.S.1.What is Naturalism? (or American Naturalism)In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientic thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Marx. American Naturalism is a more advanced stage of realism toward the close of the 19th century. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’s theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. And consciously or unconsciously the American naturalists followed the French novelist and theorist Emile Zola's cal l that the 1iterary artist ―must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.‖ They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society and portrayed the people who were demonstrably victims of society and nature. And one of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human ―bestiality‖, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpo1ished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldly in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control. Devoid of rationality and caught in a process in which he is but a part, man cannot fully understand, let alone contro1, the world he lives in; hence, he is left with no freedom of choice.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson, and Theodore Driser.2.The distinction between Realism and NaturalismNaturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.The distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerless.3.What is (Social) Darwinism?Social Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in astruggle for existence in which natural selection results in ―struggle of the fittest.‖ Social Darwinists base their beliefs on theories of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Social Darwinists typically deny that they advocate a ―law of jungle.‖ But most propose arguments that justify imbalances of power between individuals, races, and nations because they consider some more fit to survive than others. The theory had produced a big impact on Naturalism.马克吐温1.Twain as a local coloristTwain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. Consequently, the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi became the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippivalley and the West became his major theme. Unlike James and Howe1ls, Mark Twain wrote about the lower-class people, because they were the people he knew so we1l ancl their 1ife was the one he himself had lived. Moreover he successfully used local color and historical settings to i1lustrate and shed light on the contemporary societyAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are col1oquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simp1e, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken 1anguage. Mark Twain's humor is remarkable, too. It is fun to read Twain to begin with, for most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall ta1es.(2) The novel’s theme, characterization of ―Huck‖ and the novel’s social significance: Theme: The novel is a vindication of what Mark Twain called ― the damned human race.‖ That is the theme of man’s inhumani ty to man---of human cruelty, hypocrisies, dishonesties, and moral corruptions. Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Twain’s wonderful characterization of ―Huck,‖ a typical American boy whom its creator described as a boy with ―a sound heart and a deformed conscience,‖ and remarkable for the raft’s journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into an organic whole.Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between i nnocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.黛西米勒的主题和主要人物的性格分析1.The theme of the novelDaisy Miller is one of James’s early works that dealt with the international theme, i.e.,to set against a large international background, usual1y between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cu1tures with two different groups of peop1e representing two different value systems: American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom.2.Characterization of Daisy MillerIn this novel, the ―Americanness ‖in Daisy is revealed by her relatively unreserved manners. Daisy Miller, a typical young American girl who goes to Europe and affronts her destiny. The unsophisticated girl is cruelly wronged because of the confrontation between the two value systems. Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. In this novel James’s sympathy for Daisy could be easily felt when we think of a tender flower crushed by the harsh winter in Rome.3.The content of this selection: Daisy has just arrived at Switzerland with her family and meets Winterborne for the first time. Two days later Daisy goes alone with Winterborne on an excursion to an old castle, which is soon in the air among theby its narration from the point of view of the American youth Winterborne狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色The thematic concerns and the original artistic features of Dickinson's poetry: 1．Themes: Dicksinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her litlle lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.2．Artistic features: Her poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musica1 device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form: She used imperfect rhymes, subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years. Dickinson’s irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure also confuses readers. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbo1 and focused on one subject matter. Due to her deliberate sec1usion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative. She frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and personification to vivifysome abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.美国现代时期1.Ezra Pound: The Cantos; In a Station of the Metro.2.Robert Lee Frost: The Road Not Taken; Stopping by Woods on aSnowy Evening3.Eugene O’Neill: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; The HairyApe;All God’s Chillun Got Wings; Desire under the Elms;Anna Christie; The Great God Brown; Lazarus Laughed;Strange Interlude; The Iceman Cometh;Long Day’s Journey Into Night.4. F Scott Fitzgerald: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful andDamned;The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night;Flappers and Philosophers; Tales of the Jazz Age;All the Sad Young Men; Taps at Reveille;Babylon Revisited.5.Ernest Hemingway: In Our Time; The Sun Also Rises;A farewell to Arms; For Whom the BellTolls;The Old Man and the Sea; Men Without Women.6.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; Light in August;Absalom, Absalom; Go Down, Moses;A Rose for Emily.1）The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems：Led by the American poet Ezra Pound，Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism，especially Tennyson's worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism，including direct treatment of poetic subjects，elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words，and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music，not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing，to stick closely to the object or experience being described，and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound，Wallace Stevens，wrence，etc.The characteristic products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined；they tend to be short，composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity，to avoid abstraction，and to treat the imagewith a hard，clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent. The influence of Japanese forms，tanka and haiku，is obvious in many. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse and they like to emply common speech. They stressed the freedom in the choice of subject matter and form.2）The Lost GenerationIt refers to，in general，the post-World WarⅠgeneration，but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists，who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein，"You are all a lost generation，"addressed to Hemingway，was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises，which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial，materialistic，and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway，F. Scott Fitzgerald，Ezra Pound，E.E.Cummings，and many other writers who made Paris the center of their literary activities in the 1920s.3）What is Expressionism？Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision，transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism，a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events.In drama，the expressionist work was characterized by a bizarre distortion of reality. writers's concern was with general truths rather than with particular situations，hence they explored in their plays the predicaments of representative symbolic types rather than of fully developed individualized characters. Emphasis was laid not on the outer world，which is merely sketched in and barely defined in place or time，but on the internal，on an individual's mental state；hence the imitation of life is replaced in Expressionist drama by the ecstatic evocation of states of mind. In America，Eugene O'Neille's Emperor Jones，The Hairy Ape，etc. are typical plays that employ Expressionism4）The concept of "wasteland" in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literatureThe Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appeared over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the Jazz Age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality，there was only sterility，meaninglessness and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance，。
自考 英美文学选读 书单
自考英美文学选读书单自考英美文学选读书单是一份精选的文学作品清单，涵盖了英美文学的经典之作。
下面将为大家介绍其中一些著名的作品。
第一本书是《傲慢与偏见》，这是简·奥斯汀的代表作之一。
小说以英国乡村为背景，讲述了伊丽莎白·班纳特与达西先生之间的爱情故事。
通过对社交等级、道德观念和婚姻观念的揭示，描绘了18世纪英国社会的种种现象。
第二本书是《呼啸山庄》，这是艾米莉·勃朗特的代表作之一。
小说以英格兰北部的荒野为背景，讲述了希斯克利夫和卡瑟琳之间复杂的爱恨情仇。
小说展现了人性的复杂性和对爱情的追求，同时也探讨了社会等级、阶级差异和道德观念等话题。
第三本书是《威尼斯商人》，这是威廉·莎士比亚的著名戏剧作品之一。
该剧以威尼斯为背景，讲述了商人安东尼奥与犹太人财主夏洛克的纠葛。
作品涉及了信任、友谊、爱情和复仇等主题，对人性和社会关系进行了深入的探讨。
第四本书是《鲁滨逊漂流记》，这是丹尼尔·笛福的经典之作。
故事讲述了鲁滨逊在海上遭遇风暴后被困在一个无人岛上，他靠着自己的智慧和勇气生存下来，并最终成功返回文明世界。
小说通过对人性、孤独和生存意义的思考，探讨了人与自然的关系。
第五本书是《傻乎乎与傻呵呵》，这是马克·吐温的代表作之一。
小说通过讲述汉克·摩根和吉姆·卡特的冒险故事，揭示了人性的善恶、社会的虚伪和对自由的追求。
作品以幽默和讽刺的方式展现了美国南方社会的种种现象。
以上是自考英美文学选读书单中的一些经典之作，每本书都有其独特的主题和意义。
通过阅读这些作品，我们可以更好地了解英美文学的发展历程和人性的复杂性。
希望大家通过阅读这些经典之作，能够获得更多的思考和启发。
【英语本科自考】英美文学作者及其作品(表格整理,全的哟)
John Galsworthy
约翰.高尔斯 华瑞
The Man of Property In Chancery To Let Modern Comedy
Modern
1914-1945 威廉.伯特 勒.业芝
The Lake Isle of Innisfree The Man Who Dreamed of Fneryland William Butler Yeats Easter Rising of 1916 Sailing to Byzantian Leda and The Swan Down By The Sally Gardens The Love Song of J.Alfred T.S. Eliot （重要） T.S.艾略特 The Waste Land Ash Wednesday
William Wordsworth
威廉.华兹华 斯
Samuel Taylor Coleridge （看看）
塞缪尔.特 勒.科勒律治 乔治.戈登. 拜伦
George Gordon Byron Romantic 1798-1870 Percy Bysshe Shelley （重要）
铂.比.雪莱
John Keats
F. Scott Fitzgerald （重要）
弗.斯科特. 菲茨杰拉德
Ernest Hemingway （次重要）
厄内斯特.海 明威
William Faulkner （次重要）
威廉.福克纳
The Sound and the Fury Light in August A Rose for Emily
The Realistic Period
Eugene O’Neil
尤金.奥尼尔 Long Day’s Journey into Night The Hairy Ape This Side of Paradise Tender Is the Night The Great Gatsby In Our Time The Sun Also Rises A Farewell to Arms The Old Man and the Sea Indian Camp The Bear
英美文学选读自考重点
英美文学选读自考重点我觉得英美文学选读自考重点有不少值得一说的地方。
首先，我觉得最重要的是对不同时期文学流派的把握。
像浪漫主义时期，一定要理解它强调个人情感、对自然的热爱这些特点。
我之前就在这卡住了，以为只要记住几个代表作家就行，后来发现重点在于理解整个流派的创作风格和思想内核。
比如说济慈的诗歌，充满了对美好事物的细腻感受，这就是浪漫主义注重情感表达的体现。
一定要注意每个流派都不是孤立存在的，它们之间相互影响。
对于作家作品，这个特别关键。
不仅要知道故事梗概，更要了解作品背后的社会文化背景。
例如在学习狄更斯的小说时，我们知道他的作品很多是反映英国维多利亚时期的社会风貌。
如果不清楚当时英国贫富差距极大、阶级矛盾尖锐这些社会背景，就很难深入理解他作品里对穷苦人民的同情和对社会黑暗的揭露。
还有人物形象分析也是重点。
我思考过从不同角度去分析人物，像是从心理角度、社会角色角度等。
比如哈姆雷特，从心理角度去看，他的犹豫寡断不只是性格问题，还和他所处的复杂的宫廷环境以及伦理道德困境有关。
这一点容易被忽视，很多人单纯说他是优柔寡断的性格，但深入分析就发现有更多内涵。
语言特色也不容忽视。
有些作家的语言比较晦涩难懂，像乔伊斯的《尤利西斯》。
这时候就需要我们耐心去剖析句子结构和用词的特殊之处。
我之前对书中那些意识流的描写很头疼，后来发现重点在于先抓住一些反复出现的关键意象，再去理解句子就容易多了。
对了还有文学术语这个关键点。
像象征、隐喻这些术语，要清楚地知道它们在具体作品里是如何运用的。
以《了不起的盖茨比》为例，绿灯就是一个重要的象征，它象征着盖茨比对黛西的梦想和追求。
理解这些术语有助于我们更准确地解读作品。
作品中的主题也是关键的部分。
比如探讨人性、爱情、命运等主题。
像勃朗特姐妹的作品中就常常会涉及爱情与社会约束、女性地位等主题相关的内容，我们需要通过阅读作品总结出这些主题并且能够阐述清楚。
自考(英语专业) 英美文学选读——作家作品
C.威廉莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》《哈姆雷特》《暴风雨》十四行诗F.约翰弥尔顿《利西达斯》《失乐园》《复乐园》《力士参孙》C.丹尼尔笛福《鲁滨逊漂流记》D.乔纳森斯威夫特《格列佛游记》E.亨利菲尔丁《汤姆琼斯》A.威廉布莱克B.威廉华兹华斯E.珀比雪莱G.简奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》A.查尔斯狄更斯《雾都孤儿》B.布朗蒂姐妹《简爱》《呼啸山庄》F.托马斯哈代《德伯家的苔丝》A.萧伯纳《华伦夫人的职业》D.T.S.艾略特《荒原》E.戴维赫伯特劳伦斯《儿子与情人》C.纳撒尼尔霍桑《红字》《小伙子布朗》D.华尔特惠特曼《草叶集》E.赫尔曼麦尔维尔《白鲸》A.马克吐温《哈克贝里费恩》B.亨利詹姆斯《黛西米勒》C.艾米莉狄金森D.西奥多德莱塞《嘉丽妹妹》B.罗伯特弗洛斯特《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》D.司各特菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》E.欧内斯特海明威《在我们的时代里》网格本下载地址《外国文学名著丛书》上海译文出版社/topics/2749655/目录:【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(上册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(下册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(中册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】呼啸山庄[英]艾米莉·勃朗特方平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】红与黑[法]司汤达郝运.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】红字[美]霍桑侍桁等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】斯巴达克思.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】死魂灵[俄]果戈理满涛等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】谁在俄罗斯能过好日子[俄]涅克拉索夫飞白.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】鲵鱼之乱[捷克]卡·恰佩克贝京.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】唐璜[英]拜伦查良铮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】堂吉诃德[西]塞万提斯杨绛译上.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】堂吉诃德[西]塞万提斯杨绛译下.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】汤姆大伯的小屋[美]斯陀夫人黄继忠.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】特利斯当与伊瑟[法]贝迪耶罗新璋.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】变形记[古罗马]奥维德杨周翰.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]埃斯库罗斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]欧里庇得斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]索福克勒斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】沙恭达罗[印度]迦梨陀娑季羡林.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】社会毒瘤[菲律宾]何塞·黎萨尔陈尧光.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲地狱篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲地狱篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲天国篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲天堂篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲炼狱篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲炼狱篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莎士比亚悲剧四种.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】怎么办[俄]车尔尼雪夫斯基蒋路.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】约婚夫妇[意大利]曼佐尼吕同六.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说选[法]法朗士郝运等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说戏剧选[俄]果戈理满涛.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说戏剧选[德]克莱斯特商章孙.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】谢德林童话集[俄]谢德林张孟恢.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雄猫穆尔的生活观[德]霍夫曼韩世钟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】博马舍戏剧二种[法]吴达元.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】布登勃洛克一家[德]托马斯_曼付惟慈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】波斯古代诗选[波斯]张鸿年等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】波斯人信札[法]孟德斯鸠罗大冈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】草叶集[美]惠特曼赵萝蕤_.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】英国诗选[英]王佐良等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雨果诗选[法]程曾厚.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】轭下[保加利亚]伐佐夫施蛰存.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】拉封丹寓言诗选[法]拉封丹远方.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】拉辛戏剧选[法]拉辛齐放.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】朗费罗诗选[美]朗费罗杨德豫.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】蕾莉与马杰农.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亚·奥斯特洛夫斯基戏剧选[俄]奥斯特洛夫斯基藏仲伦等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雪莱抒情诗选[英国]查良铮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傲慢与偏见[英]简·奥斯丁王科一.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】包法利夫人[法]福楼拜李健吾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】埃涅阿斯纪[古罗马]维吉尔杨周翰.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】奥德修纪[古希腊]荷马杨宪益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】奥勃洛摩夫[俄]冈察洛夫齐蜀夫.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】安娜·卡列尼娜(俄)托尔斯泰著周扬、谢索台译人民文学1956年版.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴马修道院[法]司汤达郝运.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴黎圣母院[法]雨果陈敬容.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴尔扎克中短篇小说选[法]巴尔扎克郑永慧等.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴塞特郡纪事(一)：巴彻斯特养老院[英]特罗洛普主万.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴塞特郡纪事(二)：巴彻斯特大教堂[英]特罗洛普主万.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】白鲸[美]赫尔曼·麦尔维尔曹庸.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】艾菲·布里斯特[德]冯塔纳韩世钟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】阿拉伯古代诗选[阿拉伯]仲跻昆.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】阿马鲁神父的罪恶-宗教生活写实[葡萄牙]艾萨·德·克罗兹.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】前夜父与子[俄]屠格涅夫丽尼、巴金.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】蔷薇园[波斯]萨迪水建馥.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】最后的莫希干人[美]库柏宋兆霖.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】罪与罚[俄]陀斯妥耶夫斯基岳麟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】万叶集选[日]李芒.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】瓦尔登湖[美]梭罗徐迟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】忏悔录(一)[法]卢梭黎星.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】忏悔录(二)[法]卢梭范希衡.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】当代英雄[俄]莱蒙托夫草婴(单).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】德伯家的苔丝[英]托马斯_哈代张谷若.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】德国诗选[德]钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中短篇小说选[俄]列·托尔斯泰草婴.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中短篇小说选[德]托马斯·曼钱鸿嘉.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中洛辛郡的心脏[英]司各特章益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】一位女士的画像[美]亨利·詹姆斯项星耀.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】一生漂亮朋友[法]莫泊桑盛澄华等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】伊索寓言[古希腊]伊索罗念生等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】耶路撒冷的解放[意]塔索王永年.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】二叶亭四迷小说集[日]巩长金等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】多情客游记[英]劳伦斯·斯特恩石永礼.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】恶之花_巴黎的忧郁[法]波德莱尔钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】董贝父子[英]狄更斯祝庆英.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】都德小说选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】复活[俄]列夫·托尔斯泰草婴.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戈拉[印度]泰戈尔刘寿康(文库).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格列佛游记[英]斯威夫特张健(古典网格).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格列佛游记[英]斯威夫特张健(第二版).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格林童话全集[德]魏以新人文.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第二部)骑虎[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第三部)出租[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第一部)[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】高尔基短篇小说选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】高乃依戏剧悲剧三种[法]高乃依.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】古罗马戏剧选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】古希腊抒情诗选[古希腊]水建馥.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】哈克贝里·芬历险记[美]马克·吐温张万里.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金驴记[古罗马]阿普列乌斯刘黎亭.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金钱[法]左拉金满城.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金人[匈牙利]约卡伊·莫尔柯青_.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】玛丽·巴顿[英]盖斯凯尔夫人荀枚等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】玛丽亚[哥伦比亚]豪尔赫·伊萨克斯朱景冬.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】绿衣亨利[瑞士]凯勒田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】罗兰之歌[法]杨宪益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】马丁·伊登[美]杰克·伦敦吴劳.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】鲁滨孙飘流记摩尔·弗兰德斯.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】名利场[英]萨克雷杨必.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】米德尔·马契[英]乔治·艾略特项星耀.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】萌芽[法]左拉黎柯人民文学出版社.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】十字军骑士[波兰]显克微支陈冠商.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】失乐园弥尔顿著朱维之译(上海译文出版社1984).PDF【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选上[匈牙利]裴多菲兴万生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选下[匈牙利]裴多菲兴万生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[乌克兰]谢甫琴科戈宝权等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[俄]莱蒙托夫余振.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[印度]泰戈尔石真等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[德]席勒钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】幻灭[法]巴尔扎克傅雷.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】荒凉山庄[英]狄更斯黄邦杰等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】九三年[法]雨果郑永慧.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】癞皮鹦鹉[墨西哥]利萨尔迪周末怡友.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】大卫·考坡菲[英]狄更斯张谷若.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】臣仆[德]亨利希_曼傅惟慈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】摩诃婆罗多插话选[印度]金克木.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】木工小史[法]乔治·桑齐香.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莫泊桑中短篇小说选[法]莫泊桑郝运等文库本.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莫泊桑中短篇小说选[法]莫泊桑郝运等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】契诃夫小说选[俄]契诃夫汝龙.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】破戒[日]岛崎藤村柯毅文等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】章鱼[美]弗兰克·诺里斯吴劳.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】伏尔泰小说选[法]伏尔泰傅雷.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】吉尔·布拉斯[法]勒萨日杨绛.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】简爱[英]夏洛蒂·勃朗特祝庆英.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】喜剧六种[法]莫里哀李健吾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】喜剧三种[意]哥尔多尼万子美等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧两种[德]霍普特曼韩世钟等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧二种[德]莱辛商章孙等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧二种[意]皮兰德娄吴正仪.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧三种[英]肖伯纳潘家洵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧四种[挪威]易卜生潘家洵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧选[西]维加朱葆光.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】列王纪选[波斯]费尔多西张鸿平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】猎人笔记[俄]屠格涅夫丰子恺.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】五卷书[印度]季羡林.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】熙德之歌[西]赵金平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】维廉_麦斯特的漫游时代[德]歌德关惠文.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】维廉_麦斯特的学习时代[德]歌德冯至姚可昆.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傀儡(上册)[波兰]普鲁斯庄瑞源.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傀儡(下册)[波兰]普鲁斯庄瑞源.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】克雷洛夫寓言集[俄]克雷洛夫辛未艾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】卡勒瓦拉(上下)[芬兰]孙用.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】坎特伯雷故事[英]杰弗雷·乔叟方重.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】农民[法]巴尔扎克陈占元.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】彭斯诗选[英]彭斯王佐良.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】欧也妮·葛朗台高老头[法]巴尔扎克傅雷.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】欧·亨利短篇小说选[美]欧·亨利王仲年.pdf。
2021年自考《英美文学选读》(英)维多利亚时期：Charles Dickens
2021年自考《英美文学选读》（英）维多利亚时期：CharlesDickensI.Charles Dickens1. 一般识记His Life & Literary CareerCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born at Portsmouth. His father， a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office，was put into the Marsalsea Prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old. The son had to give up schooling to work in an underground cellar at a shoe-blacking factory - a position he considered most humiliating. We find the bitter experiences of that suffering child reflected in many of Dickens’s novels. In 1827，Charles entered a lawyer’s office，& two years later he became a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers. From 1833 Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life，which were later collected & published under the title Sketches by Boz (1836)。
Soon The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837) appeared in monthly installments. And since then，his life became one of endless hard work. In his later years，he gave himself to public readings of his works，which brought plaudits & comfort but also exhausted him. In 1870，this man of great heart & vitality died of overwork，leaving his last novel unfinished.2. 识记His Major WorksUpon his death，Dickens left to the world a rich legacy of 15 novels & a number of short stories. They offer a most complete & realistic picture of English society of his age & remain the highest achievement in the 19th-century English novel. In nearly all his novels，behind the gloomy pictures of oppression & poverty，behind the loud humor & buffoonery，is his gentleness，his genial mirth，& his simple faith in mankind.The following is a list of his novels & other collections in three periods：(1) Period of youthful optimistSketches by Boz (1836); The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club (1836-1837); Oliver Twist (1837-1838); Nicholas Nickleby (1838-1839); The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841); Barnaby Rudge(1841)(2) Period of excitement & irritationAmerican Notes (1842); Martin Chuzzlewit (1843-1845); A Christmas Carol (1843); Dombey & Son (1846-1848); David Copperfield (1849-1850)(3) Period of steadily intensifying pessimismBleak House (1852-1853); Hard Times (1854); Little Dorrit (1855-1857); A Tale of Two Cities (1859); Great Expectations (1860-1861); Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865); Edwin Drood (unfinished)(1870)3. 领会Distinct Features of His Novels(1) Character Sketches & ExaggerationIn his novels are found about 19 hundred figures，some of whom are really such “ typical characters under typical circumstances，” t hat they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons.As a master of characterization，Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid caricatural sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities，& in giving them exactly the actions & words that fit them：that is，right words & right actions for the right person.(2) Broad Humor & Penetrating SatireDickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist. He sometimes employs humor to enliven a scene or lighten a character by making it (him or her) eccentric，whimsical，or laughable. Sometimes he uses satire to ridicule human follies or vices，with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bring about reform.(3) Complicated & Fascinating PlotDickens seems to love complicated novel constructions with minor plots beside the major one，or two parallel major plots within one novel. He is also skillful at creating suspense & mystery to make the story fascinating.(4) The Power of ExposureAs the greatest representative of English critical realism，Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality & justice. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.4. 领会His Literary Creation & Literary AchievementsCharles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention to expose & criticize in his works all the poverty，injustice，hypocrisy & corruptness he saw all around him. In his works，Dickens sets a full map & a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England，particularly London. A combination of optimism about people & realism about society is obvious in these works. His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist，David Copperfield & so on.His later works show a highly conscious modern artist. The settings are more complicated; the stories are better structured. Most novels of this period present a sharper criticism of social evils & morals of the Victorian England，for example，Bleak House，Hard Times，Great Expectations & so on. The early optimism could no more be found.Charles Dickens is a master story-teller. His language could，in a way，be compared with Shakespeare’s. His humor & wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature of his works. His characterizations of child (Oliver Twist，etc.)，some grotesque people (Fagin，etc.) & some comical people (Mr. Micawber，etc.) are superb. Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works. Dickens’s works ar e also characterized by a mixture of humor & pathos.5. 应用Selected ReadingAn Excerpt from Chapter III of Oliver TwistThe novel is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse & life of the underworld in the 19th-century London. The author’s intimate knowledge of people of the lowest order & of the city itself apparently comes from his journalistic years. Here the novel also presents Oliver Twist as Dickens’s first child hero & Fagin the first grotesque figure.This section，Chapter III of the novel，is a detailed account of how he is punished for that “ impious & profane offence of asking for more” & how he is to be sold. At three pound ten，to Mr. Gamfield，the notorious chimneysweeper. Though we can afford a smile now & then，we feel more the pitiable state of the orphan boy & the cruelty & hypocrisy of the workhouse board.。
自考英语本科《英美文学选读》美国文学史梗概
自考英语本科《英美文学选读》美国文学史梗概一、殖民地时代和美国建国初期最早来自这片新大陆的欧洲移民主要是定居在新英格兰的清教徒和马萨诸塞的罗马天主教徒，二者虽然在教义上有很多不同之处，但他们都信奉加尔文主义：人生在世只是为了受苦受难，而他们唯一的希望是争做上帝的“选民”，死后进天国，相信“原罪”。
这时的文学作品也主要反映了这些思想，和欧洲文学一脉相承。
代表作家：考顿·马瑟，乔纳森·爱德华兹，安妮·布拉兹特里特，爱德华·泰勒。
二、18世纪独立战争胜利后，美国经济社会进入稳步发展时期这一时期是启蒙主义文学运动的时期，主要文学指导思想是“自然神论”（Deism），强调理性，认为“宇宙的运动始于上帝”；自然万物是“神的体现”，人生在世，不再是受苦受难以换取来世的新生，而是要消灭种族、性别和信仰的不平等，建立自己的“人间乐园”。
主要特点：作家多是美国独立战争的积极拥护者和参加者；文学指导思想除了自然神论之外还有“唯理主义”和“新古典主义”，18世纪末还开始萌发了“早期浪漫主义”；文学种类主要有历史、日记和政论，也有诗歌，讽刺小品和劝人向善的故事，18世纪末还产生了话剧。
启蒙运动中出现大量优秀的散文作品，并多出自开国元勋之手，如本杰明·富兰克林，托马斯·潘恩，以及托马斯·杰斐逊。
三、19世纪南北战争时期这一时期的文学先后发展了浪漫主义，现实主义和自然主义。
浪漫主义：18世纪70年代－19世纪30年代是浪漫主义发展的初期，南北战争前30年（1830－1860）为极盛时期，南北战争后10年逐渐衰微并向现实主义过度。
浪漫主义注重“想象”、“激情”和“个性解放”，认为人本质是善良的，铲除邪恶和拯救人类的手段是抛弃一切传统束缚，摧毁一切陈规陋习而回归到“自然的原始状态中去。
超验主义是其一分支，强调“天人合一”，认为上帝、人类和自然都是“超灵”的组成部分。
自考英美文学选读(00604)
应用必背单元Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period (2)Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period (6)Chapter3 The Romantic Period (9)Chapter 4 The Victorian Period (14)Chapter 5 The Modern Period (18)Chapter 1 The Renaissance Period1.文艺复兴的主要作家及其作品1)Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene2)Christopher Marlowe: Dr Faustus Tamburlaine3)William Shakespeare: Henry IV; The Merchant of Venice; Hamlet; Othello;King Lear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet.4)John Donne: The Songs and Sonnets; The Sun Rising; Death, Be Not Proud5)John Milton: Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonisttes2.文艺复兴The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church form the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.3.人文主义Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4.玄学诗The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech. The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet’s beloved, with God, or with himself.5.莎士比亚的诗歌的主题、意向Shakespeare, as a humanist of the time, is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money. In his plays, he does not hesitate to describe the cruelty and anti-natural character of the civil wars, but he did not go all the way against the feudal rule. Shakespeare is against religious persecution and racial discrimination, against social inequality and the corrupting influence of gold and money.Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality.A.Shakespeare’s views on literature:Shakespeare has accepted the Renaissance views on literature. He holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth, and should reflect nature and reality. Shakespeare also states that literary works which have truly reflected nature and reality can reach immortality.B.The characteristics of Shakespeare’s characters:Shakespeare’s major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others.C.The characteristics of Shakespeare’s plot:Shakespeare’s plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources.D.The characteristics of Shakespeare’s language:It is necessary to study the subtlest of his instruments—the language. Shakespeare can write skillfully in different poetic form, like the sonnet, the blank verse, and the rhymed couplet. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also create striking effects on the reader.3. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole action. Each hero has his weakness of nature. With the concentration on the tragic hero, we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society, which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense. Hamlet the melancholic scholar; Othello’s inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old King Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power; and Macbeth’s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.4. 邓恩诗歌的主题、意向<The Songs and Sonnets>. Love is the basic theme. Donne holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body. The perfection of human lovers will not be made with souls alone. This thought is quite contrary to the medieval love idea which merely put stress on spiritual love. Donne’s interest lies in dramatizing and illustrating the state of being in love.5.戏剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play. The most important play among the comedies is The Merchant of Venice. The sophistication derives in part from the play between high, outgoing romance and dark forces of negativity and hate. The traditional theme of this play is to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew.Compared with the idealism of other plays, The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict. Though there is a ridiculous touch on the part of the characters restrained by their limitations, Shakespeare’s youthful Renaissance spirit of jollity can be fully seen in contrast to the medieval emphasis on future life in the next world.6.哈姆雷特的性格分析Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revenger. It is not because he is incapable of action, but because the cast of his mind is so speculative, so questioning, and so contemplative that action, when it finally comes, seems almost like defeat, diminishing rather than adding to the stature of the here. Trapped in a night mare world of spying, testing and plotting, and apparently bearing the intolerable burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, Hamlet is obliged to inhabit a shadow world, to live suspended between fact and fiction, language and action. His life is one of constant role-playing, examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility, for he is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger.The hero Hamlet in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet is noted for his hesitation to take his revenge, his melancholy nature of action only to deny possibilities to do anything. He came to know that his father was murdered by his uncle who became king. He hated him so deeply that he wanted to kill him. But he loved his widowed mother who later married his uncle, and he was afraid to hurt his mother. And also, when everything was ready for him to kill his uncle, he forgave him for his uncle was praying to God for his crime. Thus he lost the good chance. Hamlet represented humanism of his time.7.诗歌《失乐园》的结构、人物性格、语言特点的分析Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism, Milton wrote Paradise Lost, intending to expose the ways of Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men.”At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton’s fundamental concern with freedom and choice; the freedom to submit to God’s prohibition on eating the apple and the choice of disobedience made for love.Eve, seduced by Satan’s rhetoric and her own confused ambition-as well as the mere prompting of hunger- falls into sin through innocent credulity. Adam falls by consciously choosing human love rather than obeying God. In the fall of man Adam discovered his full humanity. But man’s fall is the sequel to another and more stupendous tragedy, the fall of the angels.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton’s creed. His poem attempts to convince us that the unquestionable truth of Biblical revelation means that an all-knowing God was just in allowing Adam and Eve to be tempted and, of their free will, to choose sin and its inevitable punishment. And, thereby, it opens the way for the voluntary sacrifice of Christ which showed the mercy of God in bringing good out of evil.Chapter 2 The Neoclassical Period1.新古典时期的作家及其作品1)John Bunyan ：<The Pilgrim's Progress>2)Alexander Pope：<An Essay on Criticism> <The Dunciad> <TheRape of the Lock> <An Essay on Man>3)Daniel Defoe：<Robinson Crusoe>4)Jonathan Swift：<A Tale of a Tub> <The Battle of the Books> <TheDrapier's Letters> <Gulliver's Travels> <A Modest Proposal>5)Henry Fielding：<The History of Jonathan Wild the Great> <The History ofTom Jones a Foundling> <The History of Amelia>6)Samuel Johnson：<To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chester field>7)Richard Brinsley Sheridan：<The School for Scandal>8)Thomas Gray ：<Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard>2.启蒙运动The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France and swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. They seek proportion, unity, harmony and grace in literary expressions, in an effort to delight, instruct and correct human beings. Thus a polite, elegant, witty, and intellectual art developed.3.新古典主义In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to neoclassical period, all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers(Homer etc) and those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.4.英雄双行诗Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible; Poetry should be lyrical(抒情的), epical（叙事诗的, 英雄的, 有重大历史意义的）,didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles; Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets(iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time,space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and type characters rather than individuals should be represented.5.英国现实主义小说The modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. Thus —the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century —is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class.6.《天国历程》中“名利场”的寓意The Pilgrim's Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide(v.遵守，坚持) by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also bears much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor(n寓意，隐喻)—life as a journey—is simple and familiar.7.蒲伯的文学(诗歌)批评观点及其诗歌特色An Essay on Criticism, the poem, as a comprehensive study of the theories of literary criticism, exert great influence upon Pope's contemporary writers in advocating the classical rules and popularizing the neoclassicist tradition in England. The whole poem is written in a plain style, hardly containing any imagery or eloquence and therefore makes easy reading. Pope satirized all sorts of false learning and pedantry in literature, philosophy, science and other branches of knowledge.8.鲁滨逊漂流记的特点The all-powerful influence of material circumstances or social environment upon the thoughts and actions of the hero or the heroine is highlighted. The struggle of the poor unfortunate for mere existence, mixed with their desire for great wealth, comes into conflict with the social environment which prevents them from obtaining the goal under normal circumstances and thus forces them into criminal actions or bold adventures.In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor.Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype(n雏形，范例，原型)of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies(v赞美，美化) human labor and the Puritan(n清教徒) fortitude(n刚/坚毅，不屈不挠), which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness9.《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺As a whole, the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life-socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.The exaggerated smallness in Part1 works just as effectively as the exaggerated largeness in Part 2. the similarities between human beings and the Lilliputians and the contrast between the Brobdingnagians and human beings both bear reference to the possibilities of human state. Part 3, though seemingly a bit random, furthers the criticism of the western civilization and deals with different malpractices and false illusions about science philosophy, history and even immortality. The last part, where comparison is made through both similarities and differences, leads the reader to fundamental question: What on earth is a human being、10.菲尔丁“散文体史诗Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose". He adopted" the third—person narration," in which the author becomes the "all—knowing God." He "thinks the thought " of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviours but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of common life as it is.11.格雷诗歌的主题与意象It is more or less(或多或少) connected with the melancholy event of death of Richard West, Gray's intimate friend. In this poem, Gray reflects on death, the sorrows of life, and the mysteries of human life with a touch of his personal melancholy. The poet compares the common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commons could have achieved if they had had the chance. Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown, but mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc(n/v破坏，混乱) on them.His poems, as a whole, are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life, past and present. His poems are characterized by an exquisite sense of form. His style is sophisticated and allusive. His poems are often marked with the trait (n特征，特点)of a highly artificial diction and a distorted word order.Chapter3 The Romantic Period1.浪漫主义时期的作家及其作品1)William Blake: Songs of Experience Songs of Innocence2)Marriage of Heaven and Hell3)William Wordsworth: The Prelude Composed upon Westminster Bridge4)Lyrical Ballads I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud5)The Solitary Reaper6)Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan The Rime of the Ancient Mariner7)George Gordon Byron: Don Juan Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage8)Song for the Ludites9)Percy Bysshe Shelley: To a Skylark Men of England10)Ode to the West Wind11)John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale Ode on a Grecian Urn12)Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice2.浪漫主义Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit. In essence it designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience. It also places the individual at center of art, making literature most valuable as an expression of his or her unique feelings and particular attitudes, and valuing its accuracy in portraying the individual’s experiences.3.浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析A.In poetry writing, the romanticists employed new theories and innovated newtechniques, for example, the preface to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads acts as a manifesto for the new school.B.The romanticists not only extol the faculty off imagination, but also elevate theconcepts of spontaneity and inspiration.C.They regarded nature as the major source of poetic imagery and the dominantsubject.D.Romantics also tend to be nationalistic.4.浪漫主义（所选作品）的主题、意象分析A. To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative and intellectual engagement with the development of embodied human beings in their diverse circumstances. It’s nature that gives him “strength and knowledge full of peace.Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.B. Byron puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained from experience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering, hatred and fear. The unifying principle in Don Juan is the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality, ie. what things seem to be and what they actually are. Byron’s satire on the English society in the later part of the poem can be compared with Pope’s; and his satire is much less personal than that of Pope’s, for Byron is here attacking not a personal enemy but the whole hypocritical society. And the diverse materials and the clash of emotions gathered in the poem are harmonized by Byron’s insight into the difference between life’s appearance and its actuality.5. a. The Romantic MovementIt expressed a more or less negative attitude towards the existing social & political conditions that came with industrialization & the growing importance of the bourgeoisie. The Romantics felt that the existing society denied people their essential human needs, so they demonstrated a strong reaction against the dominant modes of thinking of the 18th-century writers & philosophers. Where their predecessors saw man as a social animal, the Romantics saw him essentially as an individual in the solitary state & emphasized the special qualities of each individual's mind. Romanticism actually constitutes a change of direction from attention to the outer.b. The Gothic novelIt is a type of romantic fiction that predominated in the late 18th century & was one phase of the Romantic movement, its principal elements are violence, horror & the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion. With its descriptions of the dark, irrational side of human nature, the Gothic form has exerted a great influence over the writer of the Romantic period. Works like The Mysteries of Udolpho (1794) by Ann Radcliffe & Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley are typical Gothic romance.(2) Characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.The Romantic period is an age of poetry Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley & Keats are the major Romantic poets. They started a rebellion against the neoclassical literature, which was later regarded as the poetic revolution. Wordsworth & Coleridge were the major representatives of this movement. They explored new theories & innovated new techniques in poetry writing. They saw poetry as a healing energy: they believed that poetry could purify both individual souls & the society. The Romantics not only extol the faculty of imagination, but also stress the concept of spontaneity & inspiration, regarding them as something crucial for true poetry. The natural world comes to the forefront of the poetic imagination. Nature is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.Wordsworth is the closest to nature.To escape from a world that had became excessively rational, as well as excessively materialistic & ugly, the Romantics would turn to other times & places, where the qualities they valued could be convincingly depicted. Romantics also tend to be nationalistic, defending the great poets & dramatists of their own national heritage against the advocates of classical rules who tended to glorify Rome & rational Italian & French neoclassical art as superior to the native traditions. To the Romantics, poetry should be free from all rules. They would turn to the humble people & their everyday life for subjects, Romantic writers are always seeking for the Absolute, the Ideal through the transcendence of the actual. They have also made bold experiments in poetic language, versification & design, & constructed a variety of forms on original principles of structure & style.6.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal significance. She is particularly preoccupied with the relationship between men & women in love. Stories of love & marriage provide the major themes in all her novels.1) Structure, characterization & language styleThe structure of the novel is exquisitely deft, the characterization in the highest degree memorable, while the irony has a radiant shrewdness unmatched elsewhere. At the heart of the novelist's exploration of the marriage, property & intrigue lies the exhilarating suspense of the relationship between Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy, & Jane Austen's delicate probing of the values of the gentry. The moments of high comedy in the novel are always related to deeper issues. Elizabeth's rejection of the odious Mr. Collins suggests her independence & self-esteem, but when Collins is accepted by her friend Charlotte Lucas, we see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to a void the wretchedness of aging spinsterhood. Conversely, in the elopement of Lydia & Wickham, we are shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money. The comic characters in Pride & Prejudice are: Mr. & Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins & that monstrous snob Lady Catherine de Burgh, who make us laugh even as they parody erroneous views of marriage & class.5. 应用Characteristics of Jane Austen's novels1) Austen's novels describe a narrow range of society & events: a quiet, prosperous, middle class circle in provincial surroundings, which she knew well from her own experience2) Her subject matter is also limited, for most of her novels deal with the subject of getting married, which was in fact the central problem for the young leisure-class lady of that age, who had no other choice in her life but to find a good husband.3) Austen's interest was in human nature; in her depiction of human nature, instead of being fascinated by great waves of elevated emotion, by passion or heroic experience, she focused on the trivial & petty details of everyday living, which became very interesting through her truthful & lively description.4) Austen's novels are brightened by their witty conversation & omnipresent humor. Her language shines with an exquisite touch of lively gracefulness, elegant & refined, but never showy.6. 简奥斯丁对英国文学的伟大贡献：A．J ane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature. She creates six influential novels.B．H er main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns abouthuman belief career and salient social events. This is what makes herimportant in English literature.C．J ane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of for, to its maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and heraccurate portrayal of human individuals.D．S he describes the world from a woman’s point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women.7.Wordsworth的写作风格1)The Lyrical Ballads differs in marked ways from his early poetry,notably the uncompromising simplicity of much of the language, thestrong sympathy not merely with the poor in general but with particular,dramatized examples of them, and the fusion of natural description withexpressions of inward states of mind.2)According to subjects, Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified intotwo groups: poems about nature and poems about human life.3)To Wordsworth, nature acts as a substitute for imaginative andintellectual engagement with the development of embodied humanbeings in their diverse circumstances. It’s nature that gives him “strengthand knowledge full of peace.4)Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literaryinterest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. Hissympathy always goes to the suffering poor.5)Wordsworth’s deliberate simplicity ad refusal to decorate the truth ofexperience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no otherpoet has ever equaled.8.Romantic poets 与Romantic Age 的不同处：The poetic ideals announced by Words worth and Coleridge provided a major inspiration for the brilliant young writers who made p the second generation of English Romantic poets. Wordsworth and Coleridge both became more conservative politically after the democratic idealism. The second generation of Romantic poets are revolutionary in thinking. They set themselves against the bourgeois society and the ruling class.9.Songs of innocence 与Songs of ExperienceA.Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy andinnocent world, though not without its evils.B.Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, disease, warand repression with melancholy tone.C.The two books hold the similar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis andconclusion differ.Chapter 4 The Victorian Period1．维多利亚时期的主要作家与作品1）Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist; The Pickwick Paper; David Copper field.;Dombey and Son; A Tale of Two Cities; Bleak House; Hard Times;Great Expectation; Our Mutual Friend.2）Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights.Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre3）Alfred Tennyson: Ulysses; In Memoriam; Break, Break, Break;Dora; Crossing the Bar; Morte d’Arthur; The Gardener’s Daughter; The Princess4）Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book; My Last Duchess5）George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss: Middlemarch: Daniel Deronda;Romola6）Thomas Hardy: Under the Greenwood Tree; Far From the Madding Crowd: The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge: Tess of the D’Urbervilles1.宪章运动The worsening living and working conditions, the mass unemployment finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement. The English workers got themselves organized in big cities and brought forth the People's charter, in which they demanded basic rights and better living and working conditions. They, for three times, made appeals to the government, with hundreds of thousands of people's signatures. The movement swept over most of the cities in the country. Although the movement declined to an end in 1848, it did bring some improvement to the welfare of the working class. This was the first mass movement of the English working class & the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people.2.功利主义Almost everything was put to the test by the criterion of utility, that is, the extent to which it could promote the material happiness. This theory held a special appeal to the middle-class industrialists, whose greed drove them to exploiting workers to the utmost and brought greater suffering and poverty to the working mass.。
英美文学选读复习资料(时期作家作品)
福赛特世家
有产业的人
骑虎
出租
现代喜剧
William Butler Yeats
威廉.伯特勒.业芝
The Lake Isle of Innisfree
The Man Who Dreamed of Fairyland
Easter Rising of 1916
Sailing to Byzantian
Leda and The Swan
华特.斯哥特
Waverley
Ivanhoe
威弗利
艾凡赫
Victorian
1870-1914
Charles Dickens
查尔斯.狄更斯
Oliver Twist
The
雾都孤儿
The Bronte Sister
夏治特.布郎帝
Jane Eyre
Wuthering Heights
简爱
呼啸山庄
Alfred Tennyson
Nathaniel Hawthorne
纳萨尼尔.霍桑
The Scarlet Letter
The House of the Seven Gables
Young Goodman Brown
红字
七个尖角阁的房子
Macbeth
Romeo and Juliet
JuliusCaesar
The Winter’s Tale
The Tempest
ASonnet(154)
Henry Ⅳ、Ⅴ
Venus and Adonis
The Rape of Lucrece
Richard III
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Isabella
英美文学选读---美国文学部分(作家作品)
Chapter I The Romantic Period浪漫主义时期I. Washington Irving 华盛顿。
欧文1.The Letters of Jonathan Oldstyle, Gent.《江奈生。
欧德斯黛尔先生书信集》2.A History of New Y ork from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty《自古至荷兰人占领为止的纽约史》3. The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.《见闻札记》4."Rip V an Winkle"《瑞普。
凡。
温克尔》5."The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."《睡谷的传说》6.Bracebridge Hall《布雷斯桥之厅堂》,7.Tales of a Traveler《一个旅行者的故事》8.The Alhambra《艾尔哈布拉》II. Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫。
华尔多。
爱默生1.Nature《论自然》2.The Dial《日咎》3.Essays《散文集》4.The American Scholar,《论美国学者》5.Self-Reliance, 《论自然》6.The Over-Soul.《论超灵》7.Second Series 《散文续集》II. Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔。
霍桑1.Twice-Told Tales《尽人皆知的故事》2.Mosses from an Old Manse《古屋青苔》3.The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales《雪的形象及其他尽人皆知的故事》4.The Scarlet Letter《红字》5.The House of. the Seven Gables《有七个尖角阁的房子》6.The Blithedale Romance《福谷传奇》7.The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》8."Y oung Goodman Brown,"《小伙子布朗》9."The Minister's Black V eil"《牧师的黑面纱》10."The Birthmark"《胎迹》IV. Walt Whitman 华尔特。
自考英语本科《英美文学选读》作家作品及特色
作家特色 Shakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind. The soliloquies in his plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.
作家 The Renaissance Period William Shakespeare
作品 1500-1660 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & MacbethThey have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othello's inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth's lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to in9;s plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; 十四行诗第18首 <Sonnet 18>are the only direct expression of the poets own instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. There are feelings,praise the power of artistic creation, is one of the most beautiful sonnets usually several threads running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense and apprehension. written by Shakespeare, in which he has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves. A nice summer's day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play《威尼斯商人》<The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict 《哈姆雷特》 <Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger ( 复仇 者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action. 独白 Soliloquy is a natural medium for Hamlet to realse his anguish Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
C.威廉莎士比亚《威尼斯商人》《哈姆雷特》《暴风雨》十四行诗F.约翰弥尔顿《利西达斯》《失乐园》《复乐园》《力士参孙》C.丹尼尔笛福《鲁滨逊漂流记》D.乔纳森斯威夫特《格列佛游记》E.亨利菲尔丁《汤姆琼斯》A.威廉布莱克B.威廉华兹华斯E.珀比雪莱G.简奥斯汀《傲慢与偏见》A.查尔斯狄更斯《雾都孤儿》B.布朗蒂姐妹《简爱》《呼啸山庄》F.托马斯哈代《德伯家的苔丝》A.萧伯纳《华伦夫人的职业》D.T.S.艾略特《荒原》E.戴维赫伯特劳伦斯《儿子与情人》C.纳撒尼尔霍桑《红字》《小伙子布朗》D.华尔特惠特曼《草叶集》E.赫尔曼麦尔维尔《白鲸》A.马克吐温《哈克贝里费恩》B.亨利詹姆斯《黛西米勒》C.艾米莉狄金森D.西奥多德莱塞《嘉丽妹妹》B.罗伯特弗洛斯特《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》D.司各特菲兹杰拉德《了不起的盖茨比》E.欧内斯特海明威《在我们的时代里》网格本下载地址《外国文学名著丛书》上海译文出版社/topics/2749655/目录:【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(上册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(下册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亨利四世(中册)[德]亨利希·曼董问樵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】呼啸山庄[英]艾米莉·勃朗特方平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】红与黑[法]司汤达郝运.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】红字[美]霍桑侍桁等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】斯巴达克思.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】死魂灵[俄]果戈理满涛等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】谁在俄罗斯能过好日子[俄]涅克拉索夫飞白.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】鲵鱼之乱[捷克]卡·恰佩克贝京.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】唐璜[英]拜伦查良铮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】堂吉诃德[西]塞万提斯杨绛译上.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】堂吉诃德[西]塞万提斯杨绛译下.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】汤姆大伯的小屋[美]斯陀夫人黄继忠.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】特利斯当与伊瑟[法]贝迪耶罗新璋.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】变形记[古罗马]奥维德杨周翰.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]埃斯库罗斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]欧里庇得斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】悲剧二种[古希腊]索福克勒斯罗念生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】沙恭达罗[印度]迦梨陀娑季羡林.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】社会毒瘤[菲律宾]何塞·黎萨尔陈尧光.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲地狱篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲地狱篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲天国篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲天堂篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲炼狱篇[意大利]但丁朱维基.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】神曲炼狱篇[意大利]但丁田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莎士比亚悲剧四种.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】怎么办[俄]车尔尼雪夫斯基蒋路.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】约婚夫妇[意大利]曼佐尼吕同六.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说选[法]法朗士郝运等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说戏剧选[俄]果戈理满涛.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】小说戏剧选[德]克莱斯特商章孙.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】谢德林童话集[俄]谢德林张孟恢.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雄猫穆尔的生活观[德]霍夫曼韩世钟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】博马舍戏剧二种[法]吴达元.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】布登勃洛克一家[德]托马斯_曼付惟慈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】波斯古代诗选[波斯]张鸿年等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】波斯人信札[法]孟德斯鸠罗大冈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】草叶集[美]惠特曼赵萝蕤_.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】英国诗选[英]王佐良等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雨果诗选[法]程曾厚.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】轭下[保加利亚]伐佐夫施蛰存.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】拉封丹寓言诗选[法]拉封丹远方.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】拉辛戏剧选[法]拉辛齐放.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】朗费罗诗选[美]朗费罗杨德豫.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】蕾莉与马杰农.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】亚·奥斯特洛夫斯基戏剧选[俄]奥斯特洛夫斯基藏仲伦等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】雪莱抒情诗选[英国]查良铮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傲慢与偏见[英]简·奥斯丁王科一.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】包法利夫人[法]福楼拜李健吾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】埃涅阿斯纪[古罗马]维吉尔杨周翰.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】奥德修纪[古希腊]荷马杨宪益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】奥勃洛摩夫[俄]冈察洛夫齐蜀夫.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】安娜·卡列尼娜(俄)托尔斯泰著周扬、谢索台译人民文学1956年版.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴马修道院[法]司汤达郝运.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴黎圣母院[法]雨果陈敬容.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴尔扎克中短篇小说选[法]巴尔扎克郑永慧等.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴塞特郡纪事(一)：巴彻斯特养老院[英]特罗洛普主万.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】巴塞特郡纪事(二)：巴彻斯特大教堂[英]特罗洛普主万.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】白鲸[美]赫尔曼·麦尔维尔曹庸.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】艾菲·布里斯特[德]冯塔纳韩世钟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】阿拉伯古代诗选[阿拉伯]仲跻昆.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】阿马鲁神父的罪恶-宗教生活写实[葡萄牙]艾萨·德·克罗兹.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】前夜父与子[俄]屠格涅夫丽尼、巴金.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】蔷薇园[波斯]萨迪水建馥.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】最后的莫希干人[美]库柏宋兆霖.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】罪与罚[俄]陀斯妥耶夫斯基岳麟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】万叶集选[日]李芒.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】瓦尔登湖[美]梭罗徐迟.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】忏悔录(一)[法]卢梭黎星.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】忏悔录(二)[法]卢梭范希衡.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】当代英雄[俄]莱蒙托夫草婴(单).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】德伯家的苔丝[英]托马斯_哈代张谷若.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】德国诗选[德]钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中短篇小说选[俄]列·托尔斯泰草婴.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中短篇小说选[德]托马斯·曼钱鸿嘉.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】中洛辛郡的心脏[英]司各特章益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】一位女士的画像[美]亨利·詹姆斯项星耀.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】一生漂亮朋友[法]莫泊桑盛澄华等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】伊索寓言[古希腊]伊索罗念生等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】耶路撒冷的解放[意]塔索王永年.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】二叶亭四迷小说集[日]巩长金等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】多情客游记[英]劳伦斯·斯特恩石永礼.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】恶之花_巴黎的忧郁[法]波德莱尔钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】董贝父子[英]狄更斯祝庆英.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】都德小说选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】复活[俄]列夫·托尔斯泰草婴.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戈拉[印度]泰戈尔刘寿康(文库).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格列佛游记[英]斯威夫特张健(古典网格).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格列佛游记[英]斯威夫特张健(第二版).pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】格林童话全集[德]魏以新人文.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第二部)骑虎[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第三部)出租[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】福尔赛世家(第一部)[英]高尔斯华绥周煦良.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】高尔基短篇小说选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】高乃依戏剧悲剧三种[法]高乃依.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】古罗马戏剧选.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】古希腊抒情诗选[古希腊]水建馥.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】哈克贝里·芬历险记[美]马克·吐温张万里.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金驴记[古罗马]阿普列乌斯刘黎亭.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金钱[法]左拉金满城.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】金人[匈牙利]约卡伊·莫尔柯青_.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】玛丽·巴顿[英]盖斯凯尔夫人荀枚等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】玛丽亚[哥伦比亚]豪尔赫·伊萨克斯朱景冬.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】绿衣亨利[瑞士]凯勒田德望.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】罗兰之歌[法]杨宪益.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】马丁·伊登[美]杰克·伦敦吴劳.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】鲁滨孙飘流记摩尔·弗兰德斯.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】名利场[英]萨克雷杨必.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】米德尔·马契[英]乔治·艾略特项星耀.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】萌芽[法]左拉黎柯人民文学出版社.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】十字军骑士[波兰]显克微支陈冠商.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】失乐园弥尔顿著朱维之译(上海译文出版社1984).PDF【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选上[匈牙利]裴多菲兴万生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选下[匈牙利]裴多菲兴万生.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[乌克兰]谢甫琴科戈宝权等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[俄]莱蒙托夫余振.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[印度]泰戈尔石真等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】诗选[德]席勒钱春绮.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】幻灭[法]巴尔扎克傅雷.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】荒凉山庄[英]狄更斯黄邦杰等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】九三年[法]雨果郑永慧.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】癞皮鹦鹉[墨西哥]利萨尔迪周末怡友.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】大卫·考坡菲[英]狄更斯张谷若.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】臣仆[德]亨利希_曼傅惟慈.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】摩诃婆罗多插话选[印度]金克木.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】木工小史[法]乔治·桑齐香.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莫泊桑中短篇小说选[法]莫泊桑郝运等文库本.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】莫泊桑中短篇小说选[法]莫泊桑郝运等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】契诃夫小说选[俄]契诃夫汝龙.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】破戒[日]岛崎藤村柯毅文等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】章鱼[美]弗兰克·诺里斯吴劳.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】伏尔泰小说选[法]伏尔泰傅雷.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】吉尔·布拉斯[法]勒萨日杨绛.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】简爱[英]夏洛蒂·勃朗特祝庆英.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】喜剧六种[法]莫里哀李健吾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】喜剧三种[意]哥尔多尼万子美等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧两种[德]霍普特曼韩世钟等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧二种[德]莱辛商章孙等.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧二种[意]皮兰德娄吴正仪.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧三种[英]肖伯纳潘家洵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧四种[挪威]易卜生潘家洵.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】戏剧选[西]维加朱葆光.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】列王纪选[波斯]费尔多西张鸿平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】猎人笔记[俄]屠格涅夫丰子恺.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】五卷书[印度]季羡林.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】熙德之歌[西]赵金平.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】维廉_麦斯特的漫游时代[德]歌德关惠文.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】维廉_麦斯特的学习时代[德]歌德冯至姚可昆.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傀儡(上册)[波兰]普鲁斯庄瑞源.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】傀儡(下册)[波兰]普鲁斯庄瑞源.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】克雷洛夫寓言集[俄]克雷洛夫辛未艾.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】卡勒瓦拉(上下)[芬兰]孙用.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】坎特伯雷故事[英]杰弗雷·乔叟方重.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】农民[法]巴尔扎克陈占元.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】彭斯诗选[英]彭斯王佐良.pdf【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】欧也妮·葛朗台高老头[法]巴尔扎克傅雷.pdf 【外国文学名著丛书】·网格本\【外国文学名著丛书】欧·亨利短篇小说选[美]欧·亨利王仲年.pdf。