英语四六级长难句分析精讲结构分析
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1. Many who today hear me somewhere in person , or on television , or those who read something I've said , will think I went to school
far beyond the eighth grade.
结构分析:本句的主要结构是 may...or those...will think...。第一个 who 引导定语从句,修饰 many 。第二个 who 引导定语从句,修饰
those。I've said 是定语从句,修饰 something。I went to school far beyond the eighth grade 是宾语从句。
参考翻译:今天,许多当面或在电视上听到我讲话的人,或那些读过我的讲演稿的人会认为我的学历远远不止八年级。
2. My love for the alphabet , which endures , grew out of reciting it , but before that , out of seeing the letters on the page.
结构分析: which endures 是非限定性定语从句,修饰 love for the alphabet 。 out of reciting it 和 out of seeing the letters on the page是并列的两个状语,修饰主句的谓语动词 grew。before that 是介词短语作状语。it 代替的是 alphabet,that 代替的是 reciting it。
参考翻译:我对字母表经久不减的喜爱来自于背诵它,但在那之前,则来自于看书页上的字母。
1. A body at will remain at rest and a body in motian remnins in motian at a constant speed in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force.
结构分析:这是一个并列复合句。and 连接两个句子,构成并列句。unless 是连词,连接一个省略了 it is 的子句“( it is ) acted on...
force ", 作前面两个主句的状语从句。at rest 和 in motion 是两个介词短语,分别作两个 body 的定语,意思分别是”处于静止状态中“和
“处于运动中“。翻译易采用逆序法,即先译 unless 从句,省略部分可以不译。
参考翻译:除非受到外力的作用,静止的物体将继续保持静止,运动的物体将继续作匀速直线运动。
2. But a committee faced with a major decision can't always move as quickly as the events it's trying to respond to.
结构分析:句子虽然很短却是主从复合句。句子的主句是 a committee can't move as quickly as the evevts。句中 faced with...是过去分词短语作定语,修饰 committee。在 as quickly as 中,第二个 as 是连词,后面省略了谓语。 it's trying to respond 是省略了关系代词的定语从句,修饰 events;it 指代 committee。faced with a major decision 在意义上表示时间,翻译时可把它译成时间状语。
参考翻译:委员会在面临重大决策时,未必总是能对迅速变化的事件作出及时的反应。
1. A book may be compared to your neighbour; if it be good, it can not last too long; if bad, you can not get rid of it too early.
单词词组: be compared to ...被比作...,联想记忆:be compared with : 与...比较;get rid of 去除。
结构分析:在这个句子中,两个分号将句子分成了三个部分,后两部分出现了与上句相同的not + but ,即双重否定结构;第一个if从句省略了should,完整形式是if it ( should ) be good, 其中的it指代前面的book,第二个if从句的完整形式是if (it should be )bad, it 也是指代book。
参考译文:一本书可以比作邻居:如果是好的,结识愈久愈好;如果是坏的,分手愈早愈好。
2. We can not pick even an ordinary book, a magazine, or a newspaper without finding in it references to the Bible and quotations from its pages.
单词词组:ordinary普通的,平凡的;reference参考,参照;Bible圣经;quotation引用,语录。
结构分析:这个句子中的not+but构成双重否定;主语是we,谓语是can not pick,宾语是并列的名词短语an ordinary book...or a newspaper, 介词短语without....quotations from its pages 是条件状语,该壮语中references and quotations 是finding的宾语,in it 是地点状语,其中it指代前面句子的宾语,介词短语to the Bible和from its pages 分别作references和quotation的定语。
参考译文:我们哪怕是拿起一本普通的书,一本杂志,或一份报纸,都会发现有提到圣经或引用它的字句的地方。
1. It is not my belief that you can make something out of nothing.
单词词组:make something out of nothing 凭空取得成功
结构分析:大家别看这个句子很短,这是个否定结构。大家需要注意一点:以belief / thought 等为代表的表示观点看法类的名词,用于it is not my ...that ...结构时,常发生否定转移,即将否定词转移到从句中,修饰从句的谓语动词。
参考译文:我相信你不能凭空就会取得成功。
2. Spiders are not insects as many people imagine.
单词词组:spider蜘蛛;insect昆虫;imagine想象,认为
结构分析:Spiders are not insects 是句子的主干。as引导了一个比较状语从句,这里需要注意的是as引导的比较状语从句用于否定句,并且整体位置在not的后面,则会发生否定转移,译成汉语可以理解为“不像......”
参考译文:蜘蛛不像人们想象中的那样,它们不是昆虫。
1. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
单词词组:philosopher哲学家;argue:主张,认为;contract合同,契约;exchange交换;entitlement利益,权利
结构分析:Some philosophers是主语,argue是谓语动词,that引导名词性从句作宾语,即宾语从句;在that宾语从句中,主语是rights,谓语是exist,介词短语only within......和as part of .....分别是动词exist的范围状语和方式状语。
参考译文:有些哲学家认为:权利只存在于社会契约中,是责任与权利交换双方中的一方。
2. The young couple was worried because neither of them was aware of where they had lost the necklace.
单词词组:couple夫妇;be aware of 意识到,知道;necklace项链
结构分析: The young couple worried // because neither of them was aware of where they had lost the necklace, 在这个句子中,主干是双斜线前边的第一段的主谓结构,主语是the young couple,谓语是was worried,because引导了一个原因状语从句,在从句中, neither of them作主语,was aware of 是谓语部分,where they had lost the necklace 是where引导的名词性从句作介词of的宾语,即宾语从句。
参考翻译:这对年轻夫妇很焦虑,因为他们两个都不知道把项链丢到哪里了。